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  • Use of 'super' keyword when accessing non-overridden superclass methods

    - by jonny
    I'm trying to get the hang of inheritance in Java and have learnt that when overriding methods (and hiding fields) in sub classes, they can still be accessed from the super class by using the 'super' keyword. What I want to know is, should the 'super' keyword be used for non-overridden methods? Is there any difference (for non-overridden methods / non-hidden fields)? I've put together an example below. public class Vehicle { public int tyreCost; public Vehicle(int tyreCost) { this.tyreCost = tyreCost; } public int getTyreCost() { return tyreCost; } } and public class Car extends Vehicle { public int wheelCount; public Vehicle(int tyreCost, int wheelCount) { super(tyreCost); this.wheelCount = wheelCount; } public int getTotalTyreReplacementCost() { return getTyreCost() * wheelCount; } } Specifically, given that getTyreCost() hasn't been overridden, should getTotalTyreReplacementCost() use getTyreCost(), or super.getTyreCost() ? I'm wondering whether super should be used in all instances where fields or methods of the superclass are accessed (to show in the code that you are accessing the superclass), or only in the overridden/hidden ones (so they stand out).

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  • Apples, oranges, and pointers to the most derived c++ class

    - by Matthew Lowe
    Suppose I have a bunch of fruit: class Fruit { ... }; class Apple : public Fruit { ... }; class Orange: public Fruit { ... }; And some polymorphic functions that operate on said fruit: void Eat(Fruit* f, Pesticide* p) { } void Eat(Apple* f, Pesticide* p) { ingest(f,p); } void Eat(Orange* f, Pesticide* p) { peel(f,p); ingest(f,p); } OK, wait. Stop right there. Note at this point that any sane person would make Eat() a virtual member function of the Fruit classes. But that's not an option, because I am not a sane person. Also, I don't want that Pesticide* in the header file for my fruit class. Sadly, what I want to be able to do next is exactly what member functions and dynamic binding allow: typedef list<Fruit*> Fruits; Fruits fs; ... for(Fruits::iterator i=fs.begin(), e=fs.end(); i!=e; ++i) Eat(*i); And obviously, the problem here is that the pointer we pass to Eat() will be a Fruit*, not an Apple* or an Orange*, therefore nothing will get eaten and we will all be very hungry. So what I really want to be able to do instead of this: Eat(*i); is this: Eat(MAGIC_CAST_TO_MOST_DERIVED_CLASS(*i)); But to my limited knowledge, such magic does not exist, except possibly in the form of a big nasty if-statement full of calls to dynamic_cast. So is there some run-time magic of which I am not aware? Or should I implement and maintain a big nasty if-statement full of dynamic_casts? Or should I suck it up, quit thinking about how I would implement this in Ruby, and allow a little Pesticide to make its way into my fruit header?

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  • Problem with 2 levels of inheritance in hibernate mapping

    - by Seth
    Here's my class structure: class A class B extends A class C extends A class D extends C class E extends C And here are my mappings (class bodies omitted for brevity): Class A: @Entity @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) @MappedSuperclass @DiscriminatorColumn( name="className", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING ) @ForceDiscriminator public abstract class A Class B: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("B") public class B extends A Class C: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("C") @MappedSuperclass @DiscriminatorColumn( name="cType", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING ) @ForceDiscriminator public abstract class C extends A Class D: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("D") public class D extends C Class E: @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("E") public class E extends C I've got a class F that contains a set of A: @Entity public class F { ... @OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY, cascade=CascadeType.ALL) @JoinTable( name="F_A", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="A_ID"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="F_ID") ) private Set<A> aSet = new HashSet<A>(); ... The problem is that whenever I add a new E instance to aSet and then call session.saveOrUpdate(fInstance), hibernate saves with "A" as the discrimiator string. When I try to access the aSet in the F instance, I get the following exception (full stacktrace ommitted for brevity): org.hibernate.InstantiationException: Cannot instantiate abstract class or interface: path.to.class.A Am I mapping the classes incorrectly? How am I supposed to map multiple levels of inheritance? Thanks for the help!

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  • Cant seem to get CSS working on an appended table

    - by battlenub
    I have an ajax request to a php file returning me rows of 3 values each. I want to append these into a table. This works. I get my info in my table but I can't seem to add classes or id's and get some styling on it. http://jsfiddle.net/AKh4n/1/ success : function(data) { $('#lijstbeh').empty(); var data2 = jQuery.parseJSON(data); $('#lijstbeh').append('<table class="table">'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<tr>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<th>Behandeling ID</th>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<th>Behandeling kort</th>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<th>Behandeling datum</th>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('</tr>'); $.each (data2,function (bb) { $('#lijstbeh').append('<tr class="tblbehandelingen">'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<td>' + data2[bb].BEH_ID + '</td>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<td>' + data2[bb].BEH_behandelingkort + '</td>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('<td>' + data2[bb].BEH_datum + '</td>'); $('#lijstbeh').append('</tr>'); }); $('#lijstbeh').append('</table>'); }

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  • Simple App Engine Sessions Implementation

    - by raz0r
    Here is a very basic class for handling sessions on App Engine: """Lightweight implementation of cookie-based sessions for Google App Engine. Classes: Session """ import os import random import Cookie from google.appengine.api import memcache _COOKIE_NAME = 'app-sid' _COOKIE_PATH = '/' _SESSION_EXPIRE_TIME = 180 * 60 class Session(object): """Cookie-based session implementation using Memcached.""" def __init__(self): self.sid = None self.key = None self.session = None cookie_str = os.environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE', '') self.cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie() self.cookie.load(cookie_str) if self.cookie.get(_COOKIE_NAME): self.sid = self.cookie[_COOKIE_NAME].value self.key = 'session-' + self.sid self.session = memcache.get(self.key) if self.session: self._update_memcache() else: self.sid = str(random.random())[5:] + str(random.random())[5:] self.key = 'session-' + self.sid self.session = dict() memcache.add(self.key, self.session, _SESSION_EXPIRE_TIME) self.cookie[_COOKIE_NAME] = self.sid self.cookie[_COOKIE_NAME]['path'] = _COOKIE_PATH print self.cookie def __len__(self): return len(self.session) def __getitem__(self, key): if key in self.session: return self.session[key] raise KeyError(str(key)) def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.session[key] = value self._update_memcache() def __delitem__(self, key): if key in self.session: del self.session[key] self._update_memcache() return None raise KeyError(str(key)) def __contains__(self, item): try: i = self.__getitem__(item) except KeyError: return False return True def _update_memcache(self): memcache.replace(self.key, self.session, _SESSION_EXPIRE_TIME) I would like some advices on how to improve the code for better security. Note: In the production version it will also save a copy of the session in the datastore. Note': I know there are much more complete implementations available online though I would like to learn more about this subject so please don't answer the question with "use that" or "use the other" library.

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  • Wrapping text and div as a unit

    - by mathee
    I have the following that I would like wrapped as units. <div class='tag-box'> <a href=#>Axe Committee</a> <div class='circle'><a href=#>x</a></div> </div> The CSS for these classes are: .tag-box { display:inline; } .circle { display:inline; padding-left:4px; padding-right:4px; background:rgb(196,15,24); /*dark red*/ -moz-border-radius:10px; -webkit-border-radius:10px; } .circle a { font-size:10px; text-decoration:none; color:#fff; position:relative; top:-2px; } I can have upwards of 20 or 30 of these tag-boxes displayed inline. The problem is that the wrapping will break the words from each other or even break the red circle from the link. This makes it hard to differentiate which circle belongs to which link. (In the future, each circle corresponds to a different action with respect to the link.) See below. How do I prevent this kind of wrapping from occurring?

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  • F# Higher-order property accessors

    - by Nathan Sanders
    I just upgraded my prototyping tuple to a record. Someday it may become a real class. In the meantime, I want to translate code like this: type Example = int * int let examples = [(1,2); (3,4); (5,6)] let field1s = Seq.map (fst >> printfn "%d") examples to this: type Example = { Field1 : int Field2 : int Description : string } let examples = [{Field1 = 1; Field2 = 2; Description = "foo"} {Field1 = 3; Field2 = 4; Description = "bar"} {Field1 = 5; Field2 = 6; Description = "baz"}] let field1s = Seq.map Description examples The problem is that I expected to get a function Description : Example -> string when I declared the Example record, but I don't. I've poked around a little and tried properties on classes, but that doesn't work either. Am I just missing something in the documentation or will I have to write higher-order accessors manually? (That's the workaround I'm using now.)

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  • Model class for NSDictionary information with Lazy Loading

    - by samfu_1
    My application utilizes approx. 50+ .plists that are used as NSDictionaries. Several of my view controllers need access to the properties of the dictionaries, so instead of writing duplicate code to retrieve the .plist, convert the values to a dictionary, etc, each time I need the info, I thought a model class to hold the data and supply information would be appropriate. The application isn't very large, but it does handle a good deal of data. I'm not as skilled in writing model classes that conform to the MVC paradigm, and I'm looking for some strategies for this implementation that also supports lazy loading.. This model class should serve to supply data to any view controller that needs it and perform operations on the data (such as adding entries to dictionaries) when requested by the controller functions currently planned: returning the count on any dictionary adding one or more dictionaries together Currently, I have this method for supporting the count lookup for any dictionary. Would this be an example of lazy loading? -(NSInteger)countForDictionary: (NSString *)nameOfDictionary { NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle mainBundle]; NSString *plistPath = [bundle pathForResource: nameOfDictionary ofType: @"plist"]; //load plist into dictionary NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile: plistPath]; NSInteger count = [dictionary count] [dictionary release]; [return count] }

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  • how to make accessor for Dictionary in a way that returned Dictionary cannot be changed C# / 2.0

    - by matti
    I thought of solution below because the collection is very very small. But what if it was big? private Dictionary<string, OfTable> _folderData = new Dictionary<string, OfTable>(); public Dictionary<string, OfTable> FolderData { get { return new Dictionary<string,OfTable>(_folderData); } } With List you can make: public class MyClass { private List<int> _items = new List<int>(); public IList<int> Items { get { return _items.AsReadOnly(); } } } That would be nice! Thanks in advance, Cheers & BR - Matti NOW WHEN I THINK THE OBJECTS IN COLLECTION ARE IN HEAP. SO MY SOLUTION DOES NOT PREVENT THE CALLER TO MODIFY THEM!!! CAUSE BOTH Dictionary s CONTAIN REFERENCES TO SAME OBJECT. DOES THIS APPLY TO List EXAMPLE ABOVE? class OfTable { private string _wTableName; private int _table; private List<int> _classes; private string _label; public OfTable() { _classes = new List<int>(); } public int Table { get { return _table; } set { _table = value; } } public List<int> Classes { get { return _classes; } set { _classes = value; } } public string Label { get { return _label; } set { _label = value; } } } so how to make this immutable??

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  • How do I get events to execute on the "main thread"

    - by William DiStefano
    I have 2 classes, one is frmMain a windows form and the other is a class in vb.NET 2003. frmMain contains a start button which executes the monitor function in the other class. My question is, I am manually adding the event handlers -- when the events are executed how do I get them to excute on the "main thread". Because when the tooltip balloon pops up at the tray icon it displays a second tray icon instead of popping up at the existing tray icon. I can confirm that this is because the events are firing on new threads because if I try to display a balloon tooltip from frmMain it will display on the existing tray icon. Here is a part of the second class (not the entire thing): Friend Class monitorFolders Private _watchFolder As System.IO.FileSystemWatcher = New System.IO.FileSystemWatcher Private _eType As evtType Private Enum evtType changed created deleted renamed End Enum Friend Sub monitor(ByVal path As String) _watchFolder.Path = path 'Add a list of Filter to specify _watchFolder.NotifyFilter = IO.NotifyFilters.DirectoryName _watchFolder.NotifyFilter = _watchFolder.NotifyFilter Or IO.NotifyFilters.FileName _watchFolder.NotifyFilter = _watchFolder.NotifyFilter Or IO.NotifyFilters.Attributes 'Add event handlers for each type of event that can occur AddHandler _watchFolder.Changed, AddressOf change AddHandler _watchFolder.Created, AddressOf change AddHandler _watchFolder.Deleted, AddressOf change AddHandler _watchFolder.Renamed, AddressOf Rename 'Start watching for events _watchFolder.EnableRaisingEvents = True End Sub Private Sub change(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.FileSystemEventArgs) If e.ChangeType = IO.WatcherChangeTypes.Changed Then _eType = evtType.changed notification() End If If e.ChangeType = IO.WatcherChangeTypes.Created Then _eType = evtType.created notification() End If If e.ChangeType = IO.WatcherChangeTypes.Deleted Then _eType = evtType.deleted notification() End If End Sub Private Sub notification() _mainForm.NotifyIcon1.ShowBalloonTip(500, "Folder Monitor", "A file has been " + [Enum].GetName(GetType(evtType), _eType), ToolTipIcon.Info) End Sub End Class

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  • WPF and LINQ/SQL - how and where to keep track of changes?

    - by Groky
    I have a WPF application built using the MVVM pattern: My Models come from LINQ to SQL. I use the Repository Pattern to abstract away the DataContext. My ViewModels have a reference to a Model. Setting a property on the ViewModel causes that value to be written through to the Model. As you can see, my data is stored in my Model, and changes are therefore tracked by my DataContext. However, in this question I read: The guidelines from the MSDN documentation on the DataContext class are what I would recommend following: In general, a DataContext instance is designed to last for one "unit of work" however your application defines that term. A DataContext is lightweight and is not expensive to create. A typical LINQ to SQL application creates DataContext instances at method scope or as a member of short-lived classes that represent a logical set of related database operations. How do you track your changes? In your DataContext? In your ViewModel? Elsewhere?

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  • Foreign key relationships in Entity Framework

    - by Anders Svensson
    I'm trying to add an object created from Entity Data Model classes. I have a table called Users, which has turned into a User EDM class. And I also have a table Pages, which has become a Page EDM class. These tables have a foreign key relationship, so that each page is associated with many users. Now I want to be able to add a page, but I can't get how to do it. I get a nullreference exception on Users below. I'm still rather confused by all this, so I'm sure it's a simple error, but I just can't see how to do it. Also, by the way, the compiler requires that I set PageID in the object initializer, even though this field is set to be an automatic id in the table. Am I doing it right just setting it to 0, expecting it to be updated automatically in the table when saved, or how should I do that? Any help appreciated! The method in question: private Page GetPage(User currentUser) { string url = _request.ServerVariables["url"].ToLower(); var userPages = from p in _context.PageSet where p.Users.UserID == currentUser.UserID select p; var existingPage = userPages.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Url == url); //Could be combined with above, but hard to read? if (existingPage != null) return existingPage; Page page = new Page() { Count = 0, Url = _request.ServerVariables["url"].ToLower(), PageID = 0, //Only initial value, changed later? }; _context.AddToPageSet(page); page.Users.UserID = currentUser.UserID; //Here's the problem... return page; }

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  • design an extendable database model

    - by wishi_
    Hi! Currently I'm doing a project whose specifications are unclear - well who doesn't. I wonder what's the best development strategy to design a DB, that's going to be extended sooner or later with additional tables and relations. I want to include "changeability". My main concern is that I want to apply design patterns (it's a university project) and I want to separate the constant factors from those, that change by choosing appropriate design patterns - in my case MVC and a set of sub-patterns at model level. When it comes to the DB however, I may have to resdesign my model in my MVC approach, because my domain model at a later stage my require a different set of classes representing the DB tables. I use Hibernate as an abstraction layer between DB and application. Would you start with a very minimal DB, just a few tables and relations? And what if I want an efficient DB, too? I wonder what strategies are applied in the real world. Stakeholder analysis for example isn't a sufficient planing solution when it comes to changing requirements. I think - at a DB level - my design pattern ends. So there's breach whose impact I'd like to minimize with a smart strategy.

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  • C# Virtual method call in constructor - how to refactor?

    - by Cristi Diaconescu
    I have an abstract class for database-agnostic cursor actions. Derived from that, there are classes that implement the abstract methods for handling database-specific stuff. The problem is, the base class ctor needs to call an abstract method - when the ctor is called, it needs to initialize the database-specific cursor. I know why this shouldn't be done, I don't need that explanation! This is my first implementation, that obviously doesn't work - it's the textbook "wrong way" of doing it. The overridden method accesses a field from the derived class, which is not yet instantiated: public abstract class CursorReader { private readonly int m_rowCount; protected CursorReader() { m_rowCount = CreateCursor(sqlCmd); //virtual call ! } protected abstract int CreateCursor(string sqlCmd); } public class SqlCursorReader : CursorReader { private SqlConnection m_sqlConnection; public SqlCursorReader(string sqlCmd, SqlConnection sqlConnection) { m_sqlConnection = sqlConnection; //field initialized here } protected override int CreateCursor(string sqlCmd) { //uses not-yet-initialized member *m_sqlConnection* //so this throws a NullReferenceException var cursor = new CustomCursor(sqlCmd, m_sqlConnection); return cursor.Count(); } } I will follow up with an answer on my attempts to fix this...

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  • SIMPLE PHP MVC Framework [closed]

    - by Allen
    I need a simple and basic MVC example to get me started. I don't want to use any of the available packaged frameworks. I am in need of a simple example of a simple PHP MVC framework that would allow, at most, the basic creation of a simple multi-page site. I am asking for a simple example because I learn best from simple real world examples. Big popular frameworks (such as code igniter) are to much for me to even try to understand and any other "simple" example I have found are not well explained or seem a little sketchy in general. I should add that most examples of simple MVC frameworks I see use mod_rewrite (for URL routing) or some other Apache-only method. I run PHP on IIS. I need to be able to understand a basic MVC framework, so that I could develop my own that would allow me to easily extend functionality with classes. I am at the point where I understand basic design patterns and MVC pretty well. I understand them in theory, but when it comes down to actually building a real world, simple, well designed MVC framework in PHP, I'm stuck. Edit: I just want to note that I am looking for a simple example that an experienced programmer could whip up in under an hour. I mean simple as in bare bones simple. I don't want to use any huge frameworks, I am trying to roll my own. I need a decent SIMPLE example to get me going.

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  • How do you use stl's functions like for_each?

    - by thomas-gies
    I started using stl containers because they came in very handy when I needed functionality of a list, set and map and had nothing else available in my programming environment. I did not care much about the ideas behind it. STL documentations were only interesting up to the point where it came to functions, etc. Then I skipped reading and just used the containers. But yesterday, still being relaxed from my holidays, I just gave it a try and wanted to go a bit more the stl way. So I used the transform function (can I have a little bit of applause for me, thank you). From an academic point of view it really looked interesting and it worked. But the thing that boroughs me is that if you intensify the use of those functions, you need 10ks of helper classes for mostly everything you want to do in your code. The hole logic of the program is sliced in tiny pieces. This slicing is not the result of god coding habits. It's just a technical need. Something, that makes my life probably harder not easier. And I learned the hard way, that you should always choose the simplest approach that solves the problem at hand. And I can't see what, for example, the for_each function is doing for me that justifies the use of a helper class over several simple lines of code that sit inside a normal loop so that everybody can see what is going on. I would like to know, what you are thinking about my concerns? Did you see it like I do when you started working this way and have changed your mind when you got used to it? Are there benefits that I overlooked? Or do you just ignore this stuff as I did (and will go an doing it, probably). Thanks. PS: I know that there is a real for_each loop in boost. But I ignore it here since it is just a convenient way for my usual loops with iterators I guess.

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  • Will a Ph. D. in Computer Science help?

    - by Francisco Garcia
    I am close to my 30s and still learning about programming and software engineering. Like most people who like their profession I truly believe that I should aim to improve and keep updated. One of the things I do is reading technical papers from professional publications (IEEE and ACM) but I admit there are very good bloggers out there too. Lately I started to think (should I say realize?) that Ph. D people actually are expected to expand constantly their knowledge, but little is expected from lower classes once they know enough This made me think that maybe having a Ph. D will help to have more... respect? but I also believe that I am already getting old for that. Futhermore I see many master and doctor programs that does not seem to add any value over hard experience and self learning. I belive that a degree in computer science, althought not necessary, can lay out a good base for programming work. However: What can a Ph. D. degree give you that you cannot learn on your own? (if you are not into something VERY specific and want to work in a non academic environment)

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  • Host WCF in MVC2 Site

    - by Basiclife
    Hi, We've got a very large, complex MVC2 website. We want to add an API for some internal tools and decided to use WCF. Ideally, we want MVC itself to host the WCF service. Reasons include: Although there's multiple tiers to the application, some functionality we'd like in the API requires the website itself (e.g. formatting emails). We use TFS to auto-build (continuous integration) and deploy - The less we need to modify the build and release mechanism the better We use the Unity container and Inversion of Control throughout the application. Being part of the Website would allow us to re-use configuration classes and other helper methods. I've written a custom ServiceBehavior which in turn has a custom InstanceProvider - This allows me to instantiate and configure a container which is then used to service all requests for class instances from WCF. So my question is; Is it possible to host a WCF service from within MVC itself? I've only had experience in Services / Standard Asp.Net websites before and didn't realise MVC2 might be different until I actually tried to wire it into the config and nothing happened. After some googling, there don't seem to be many references to doing this - so thought I'd ask here.

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  • UINavigationController not working under ARC in iPhone

    - by user1811427
    I have creared a new project "Empty Application" template in Xcode 4.3, it is having only two classes AppDelegate.h & .m I cheaked with ARC to use automatic reference count while creating the app. I added two new files "RootViewController" & "NewProjectViewControllers". I implemented code to set navigation controller as follows in AppDelegate - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; // Override point for customization after application launch. rootViewController = [[MainViewController alloc] init]; UINavigationController *navigation = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:rootViewController]; [self.window addSubview:navigation.view]; self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; } and in hte home view (Root view controller) implemented as follows - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.title = @"Projects"; UINavigationBar *navigationBar = [self.navigationController navigationBar]; [navigationBar setTintColor: [UIColor colorWithRed:10/255.0f green:21/255.0f blue:51/255.0f alpha:1.0f]]; //To set the customised bar item UIButton *rightBarBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; [rightBarBtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_new.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; rightBarBtn.frame=CGRectMake(0.0, 100.0, 30.0, 30.0); [rightBarBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(addProject) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; UIBarButtonItem* rightBarItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView:rightBarBtn]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = rightBarItem; // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib. } - (void) addProject { NewProjViewController *editProject = [[NewProjViewController alloc] init]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:editProject animated:YES]; NSLog(@"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"); } But since i used ARC the navigation may dealoc immediately and it doesn't work, All the actions in method works except push to the next view if i do same thing with out ARC it works fine How to resolve this issue..? Thanks in advance

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  • Linq to xml, retreaving generic interface-based list

    - by Rita
    I have an xml document that looks like this <Elements> <Element> <DisplayName /> <Type /> </Element> </Elements> I have an interface, interface IElement { string DisplayName {get;} } and a couple of derived classes: public class AElement: IElement public class BElement: IElement What I want to do, is to write the most efficient query to iterate through the xml and create a list of IElement, containing AElement or BElement, based on the 'Type' property in the xml. So far I have this: IEnumerable<AElement> elements = from xmlElement in XElement.Load(path).Elements("Element") where xmlElement.Element("type").Value == "AElement" select new AElement(xmlElement.Element("DisplayName").Value); return elements.Cast<IElement>().ToList(); But this is only for AElement, is there a way to add BElement in the same query, and also make it generic IEnumerable? Or would I have to run this query once for each derived type?

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  • Is there a definitive reference document for Ruby syntax?

    - by JSW
    I'm searching for a definitive document on Ruby syntax. I know about the definitive documents for the core API and standard library, but what about the syntax itself? For instance, such a document should cover: reserved words, string literals syntax, naming rules for variables/classes/modules, all the conditional statements and their permutations, and so forth. I know there are many books and tutorials, yes, but every one of them is essentially a tutorial, each one having a range of different depth and focus. They will all, by necessity of brevity and narrative flow, omit certain details of the language that the author deems insignificant. For instance, did you know that you can use a case statement without an initial case value, and it will then execute the first true when clause? Any given Ruby book or tutorial may or may not cover that particular lesser-known functionality of the case syntax. It's not discussed in the section in "Programming Ruby" about case statements. But that is just one small example. So far the best documentation I've found is the rubyspec project, which appears to be an attempt to write a complete test suite for the language. That's not bad, but it's a bit hard to use from a practical standpoint as a developer working on my own projects. Am I just missing something or is there really no definitive readable document defining the whole of Ruby syntax?

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  • Is it poor design to create objects that only execute code during the constructor?

    - by Curtix
    In my design I am using objects that evaluate a data record. The constructor is called with the data record and type of evaluation as parameters and then the constructor calls all of the object's code necessary to evaluate the record. This includes using the type of evaluation to find additional parameter-like data in a text file. There are in the neighborhood of 250 unique evaluation types that use the same or similar code and unique parameters coming from the text file. Some of these evaluations use different code so I benefit a lot from this model because I can use inheritance and polymorphism. Once the object is created there isn't any need to execute additional code on the object (at least for now) and it is used more like a struct; its kept on a list and 3 properties are used later. I think this design is the easiest to understand, code, and read. A logical alternative I guess would be using functions that return score structs, but you can't inherit from methods so it would make it kind of sloppy imo. I am using vb.net and these classes will be used in an asp.net web app as well as in a distributed app. thanks for your input

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  • How to implement a network protocol?

    - by gotch4
    Here is a generic question. I'm not in search of the best answer, I'd just like you to express your favourite practices. I want to implement a network protocol in Java (but this is a rather general question, I faced the same issues in C++), this is not the first time, as I have done this before. But I think I am missing a good way to implement it. In fact usually it's all about exchanging text messages and some byte buffers between hosts, storing the status and wait until the next message comes. The problem is that I usually end up with a bunch of switch and more or less complex if statements that react to different statuses / messages. The whole thing usually gets complicated and hard to mantain. Not to mention that sometimes what comes out has some "blind spot", I mean statuses of the protocol that have not been covered and that behave in a unpredictable way. I tried to write down some state machine classes, that take care of checking start and end statuses for each action in more or less smart ways. This makes programming the protocol very complicated as I have to write lines and lines of code to cover every possible situation. What I'd like is something like a good pattern, or a best practice that is used in programming complex protocols, easy to mantain and to extend and very readable. What are your suggestions?

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  • WPF - Extend ListView with checkable AND selectable ListViewItems

    - by Marks
    Hi there. I already read many examples on extending ListViews with checkboxes bound with IsSelected. But I want something more. I want a seperation between the checked and selected state, so i get a ListBox that has a single selected item, but can have multiple checked items. Unfortunately ListViewItem does not have a property for checked and I dont see a possibility to get the ListView to work with a custom CheckableListViewItem. Of course i could use a List of objects with a checked property as ItemSource, but I dont think thats a good way to go. Checked or not is a matter of the list or item-container, not of the object listed in it. Beside that I dont want all my classes like user, role, group to have counterparts like checkableUser, checkableRole and checkableGroup. The behaviour i want can be easyly accomblished for the UI with a <DataTemplate x:Key="CheckBoxCell"> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <CheckBox /> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> and a <GridViewColumn CellTemplate="{StaticResource CheckBoxCell}" Width="30"/> But without a binding on the checkbox i cant check if it is checked or not. Is there any way to accomplish something like that? The perfect solution for me would be to have listView1.SelectedItem, listView1.CheckedItems and maybe a listView1.UncheckedItems and of course listView1.CheckItem and listView1.UncheckItem. Thanks for any help.

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  • PHP static objects giving a fatal error

    - by Webbo
    I have the following PHP code; <?php component_customer_init(); component_customer_go(); function component_customer_init() { $customer = Customer::getInstance(); $customer->set(1); } function component_customer_go() { $customer = Customer::getInstance(); $customer->get(); } class Customer { public $id; static $class = false; static function getInstance() { if(self::$class == false) { self::$class = new Customer; } else { return self::$class; } } public function set($id) { $this->id = $id; } public function get() { print $this->id; } } ?> I get the following error; Fatal error: Call to a member function set() on a non-object in ....../classes/customer.php on line 9 Can anyone tell me why I get this error? I know this code might look strange, but it's based on a component system that I'm writing for a CMS. The aim is to be able to replace HTML tags in the template e.g.; <!-- component:customer-login --> with; <?php component_customer_login(); ?> I also need to call pre-render methods of the "Customer" class to validate forms before output is made etc. If anyone can think of a better way, please let me know but in the first instance, I'd like to know why I get the "Fatal error" mentioned above. Cheers

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