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  • Repeated host lookups failing in urllib2

    - by reve_etrange
    I have code which issues many HTTP GET requests using Python's urllib2, in several threads, writing the responses into files (one per thread). During execution, it looks like many of the host lookups fail (causing a name or service unknown error, see appended error log for an example). Is this due to a flaky DNS service? Is it bad practice to rely on DNS caching, if the host name isn't changing? I.e. should a single lookup's result be passed into the urlopen? Exception in thread Thread-16: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.6/threading.py", line 532, in __bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/home/da/local/bin/ThreadedDownloader.py", line 61, in run page = urllib2.urlopen(url) # get the page File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 391, in open response = self._open(req, data) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 409, in _open '_open', req) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 369, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1170, in http_open return self.do_open(httplib.HTTPConnection, req) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/urllib2.py", line 1145, in do_open raise URLError(err) URLError: <urlopen error [Errno -2] Name or service not known>

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  • StructureMap Configuration Per Thread/Request for the Full Dependency Chain

    - by Phil Sandler
    I've been using Structuremap for a few months now, and it has worked great on some smaller (green field) projects. Most of the configurations I have had to set up involve a single implementation per interface. In the cases where I needed to choose a specific implementation at runtime, I created a factory class that used ObjectFactory.GetNamedInstance<(). In the smaller projects, there were few enough of these cases where I was comfortable with the references to ObjectFactory. My understanding is that you want to limit these references as much as possible, and ideally only reference the ObjectFactory once. I am working to refactor a larger codebase to use IOC/StructureMap, and am finding that I may need many of these factory classes with ObjectFactory references to get what I need. Essentially, I am creating a "root service" with the ObjectFactory, so that everything in the dependency chain is managed by the container. The root service is created by name (i.e. "BuildCar", "BuildTruck"), and the services needed deeper in the dependency chain could also be constructed using the same name--so the "IAttachWheels" service could vary based on whether a car or truck is being built. Since the class that depends on IAttachWheels is the same in both configurations, I don't think I can use ConstructedBy in the registry to choose the implementation. Also, to be clear, the IAttachWheels implementations need to be managed by the container as well, because the dependency chain runs fairly deep. I looked briefly at Profiles as an option, but read (here on StackOverflow) that changing profiles essentially changes implementations for all threads. Is there a feature that is similar to profiles that is thread/request specific? Is the factory class that references ObjectFactory approach the right way to go? Any thoughts would be appreciated.

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  • Unrecognized authentication type when doing an Auth to Exchange from Rails

    - by blakeage
    I'm getting this error when trying to authenticate with Exchange Server from Ruby on Rails: 504 5.7.4 Unrecognized authentication type config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { :address => "x.x.x.x", :port => 25, :user_name => "xxdomain\xxuser", :password => "xxxxxx", :authentication => :login, :enable_starttls_auto => true } I've tried all sorts of combinations of configuration settings, including changing the settings to use "plain" authentication, adding the domain, setting enable_starttls_auto to true, false, and removing it entirely, removing the port. Nothing has worked. Any ideas?

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  • Does my basic PHP Socket Server need optimization?

    - by Tom
    Like many people, I can do a lot of things with PHP. One problem I do face constantly is that other people can do it much cleaner, much more organized and much more structured. This also results in much faster execution times and much less bugs. I just finished writing a basic PHP Socket Server (the real core), and am asking you if you can tell me what I should do different before I start expanding the core. I'm not asking about improvements such as encrypted data, authentication or multi-threading. I'm more wondering about questions like "should I maybe do it in a more object oriented way (using PHP5)?", or "is the general structure of the way the script works good, or should some things be done different?". Basically, "is this how the core of a socket server should work?" In fact, I think that if I just show you the code here many of you will immediately see room for improvements. Please be so kind to tell me. Thanks! #!/usr/bin/php -q <? // config $timelimit = 180; // amount of seconds the server should run for, 0 = run indefintely $address = $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']; // the server's external IP $port = 9000; // the port to listen on $backlog = SOMAXCONN; // the maximum of backlog incoming connections that will be queued for processing // configure custom PHP settings error_reporting(1); // report all errors ini_set('display_errors', 1); // display all errors set_time_limit($timelimit); // timeout after x seconds ob_implicit_flush(); // results in a flush operation after every output call //create master IPv4 based TCP socket if (!($master = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP))) die("Could not create master socket, error: ".socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); // set socket options (local addresses can be reused) if (!socket_set_option($master, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)) die("Could not set socket options, error: ".socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); // bind to socket server if (!socket_bind($master, $address, $port)) die("Could not bind to socket server, error: ".socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); // start listening if (!socket_listen($master, $backlog)) die("Could not start listening to socket, error: ".socket_strerror(socket_last_error())); //display startup information echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] SERVER CREATED (MAXCONN: ".SOMAXCONN.").\n"; //max connections is a kernel variable and can be adjusted with sysctl echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] Listening on ".$address.":".$port.".\n"; $time = time(); //set startup timestamp // init read sockets array $read_sockets = array($master); // continuously handle incoming socket messages, or close if time limit has been reached while ((!$timelimit) or (time() - $time < $timelimit)) { $changed_sockets = $read_sockets; socket_select($changed_sockets, $write = null, $except = null, null); foreach($changed_sockets as $socket) { if ($socket == $master) { if (($client = socket_accept($master)) < 0) { echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] Socket_accept() failed, error: ".socket_strerror(socket_last_error())."\n"; continue; } else { array_push($read_sockets, $client); echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] Client #".count($read_sockets)." connected (connections: ".count($read_sockets)."/".SOMAXCONN.")\n"; } } else { $data = @socket_read($socket, 1024, PHP_NORMAL_READ); //read a maximum of 1024 bytes until a new line has been sent if ($data === false) { //the client disconnected $index = array_search($socket, $read_sockets); unset($read_sockets[$index]); socket_close($socket); echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] Client #".($index-1)." disconnected (connections: ".count($read_sockets)."/".SOMAXCONN.")\n"; } else { if ($data = trim($data)) { //remove whitespace and continue only if the message is not empty switch ($data) { case "exit": //close connection when exit command is given $index = array_search($socket, $read_sockets); unset($read_sockets[$index]); socket_close($socket); echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] Client #".($index-1)." disconnected (connections: ".count($read_sockets)."/".SOMAXCONN.")\n"; break; default: //for experimental purposes, write the given data back socket_write($socket, "\n you wrote: ".$data); } } } } } } socket_close($master); //close the socket echo "[".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."] SERVER CLOSED.\n"; ?>

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  • Will WCF allow me to use object references across boundries on objects that implement INotifyPropert

    - by zimmer62
    So I've created a series of objects that interact with a piece of hardware over a serial port. There is a thread running monitoring the serial port, and if the state of the hardware changes it updates properties in my objects. I'm using observable collections, and INotifyPropertyChanged. I've built a UI in WPF and it works great, showing me real time updating when the hardware changes and allows me to send changes to the hardware as well by changing these properties using bindings. What I'm hoping is that I can run the UI on a different machine than what the hardware is hooked up to without a lot of wiring up of events. Possibly even allow multiple UI's to connect to the same service and interact with this hardware. So far I understand I'm going to need to create a WCF service. I'm trying to figure out if I'll be able to pass a reference to an object created at the service to the client leaving events intact. So that the UI will really just be bound to a remote object. Am I moving the right direction with WCF? Also I see tons of examples for WCF in C#, are there any good practical use examples in VB that might be along the lines of what I'm trying to do?

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  • Play! 1.2.5 with mongodb | Model Validation not happening

    - by TGV
    I have a simple User model whose fields are annotated with play validation annotations and morphia annotations like below. import play.data.validation.*; import play.modules.morphia.Model; import com.google.code.morphia.annotations.*; @Entity public class User extends Model{ @Id @Indexed(name="USERID", unique=true) public ObjectId userId; @Required public String userName; @Email @Indexed(name="USEREMAIL", unique=true) @Required public String userEmail; } Now I have a service which has a CreateNewUser method responsible for persisting the data. I have used Morphia plugin for the dao support. But the problem is that User Document gets persisted in mongo-db even if userName or userEmail is NULL. Also @Email validation does not happen // Below code is in app/controllers/Application.java User a = new User(); a.userName = "user1"; // calling bean to create user, userService is in app/service/UserService userService.createNewUser(a); It does not work even after adding @valid and validation.hasErrors() check.Below code is in app/service/UserService public void createNewUser(@Valid User user) { if (Validation.hasErrors()) { System.out.println("has errors"); } else { // TODO Auto-generated method stub userDao.save(user); } }

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  • Pyserial : How to send data to drive SIPO

    - by bino oetomo
    Dear All .. I'm learning to drive a stepper motor with Python. It's hard now to find a PC with paralel port. So My plan is using a USB-Serial .. and a SIPO (serial in parallel out) shift register circuit. As you know with this circuit we need to send a binary data in series and this data will be stored in it's register. Next we need to send another one pulse to make it shift the data out to the out-port. How to do it using pyserial ? Sincerely -bino-

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  • grails mail connection refused

    - by mkoryak
    it seems i have tried the mail config in the way that its docs said, but still i get: Error 500: Executing action [x] of controller [x] caused exception: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP I am using google apps for my email so [email protected] is using gmail. i cannot get grails to send out a test message on my dev box (win 7). my config is: host = "smtp.gmail.com" port = 465 username = "[email protected]" password = "x" props = ["mail.smtp.auth":"true", "mail.smtp.debug":"true", "mail.smtp.starttls.enable":"true", "mail.smtp.socketFactory.port":"465", "mail.smtp.socketFactory.class":"javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory", "mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback":"false"]

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  • Starting socket server in ruby on rails on cloud environments (heroku)

    - by ElTren
    Hi, I'm using heroku, and I can push a Ruby on Rails app just fine, I'm trying to convert this to a Socket server, basically I would need to bind to an open port, in this case, I know Heroku only does 80 22 and 443. Is it possible to bind to port 80 on those environments? Also, how would I setup the entry point for this socket server, all I know is that when script/server it boots up the app. Do I have to put the function call there? How can a socket server start instead of the rails app on top of whatever webserver heroku has.

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  • enabling tomcat web apps to be served from Ubuntu lucid

    - by user558925
    Hi, I have tomcat running on 8080 on a ubuntu lucid server. I am able to access it fro local machine. However I am unable to access the tomcat from any machine outside. Is it due to firewall restrictions. WHat do I need to do to enable accessing tomcat from remote machines. Tried adding this rule to iptables but it did not solve iptables --table nat --append PREROUTING --protocol tcp --destination-port 80 \ --in-interface eth0 --jump REDIRECT --to-port 8080 Any help would be appreciated Thanks Bala Thiruppanambakkam

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  • nginx doesn't parse php request

    - by lzyy
    env: ubuntu 9.10 / use gotdeb source / php version 5.3.1 / php5-fpm installed / php5-fpm is running , and listening 9000 port test by 2 commands below pgrep php5-fpm telnet localhost 9000 however if I visit from anthor computer in LAN ,using this address http://192.168.1.103/index.php the browser ask me to save this index.php , but if visit index.php , everything goes well sites-enabled/default file content env: ubuntu 9.10 / use gotdeb source / php version 5.3.1 / php5-fpm installed / php5-fpm is running , and listening 9000 port test by 2 commands below pgrep php5-fpm telnet localhost 9000 however if I visit from anthor computer in LAN ,using this address http://192.168.1.103/index.php the browser ask me to save this index.php , but if visit index.html , everything goes well sites-enabled/default file content location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000 fastcgi_index index.php fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/$fastcgi_script_name include fastcgi_params }

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  • I need to pad IP addresses with Zeroes for each octet

    - by Felipe Alvarez
    Starting with a string of an unspecified length, I need to make it exactly 43 characters long (front-padded with zeroes). It is going to contain IP addresses and port numbers. Something like: ### BEFORE # Unfortunately includes ':' colon 66.35.205.123.80-137.30.123.78.52172: ### AFTER # Colon removed. # Digits padded to three (3) and five (5) # characters (for IP address and port numbers, respectively) 066.035.05.123.00080-137.030.123.078.52172 This is similar to the output produced by tcpflow. Programming in Bash. I can provide copy of script if required. If it's at all possible, it would be nice to use a bash built-in, for speed. Is printf suitable for this type of thing?

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  • What SQL ORM may i use to replace this old code

    - by acidzombie24
    Sorry since this question is specific to my problem. While learning reflections i did a mini SQL ORM in a week then minor tweaks while using it for another week. Since it has very little work put into it, its really only compatibility with sqlite. I havent had problems with the code so far but i would like to port it to something that supports TSQL or MySql. The example code is here which is outdated but has the most used functions in my class. What library can i port that code over too with the smallest about of pain. Note that it must support foreign keys.

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  • Speed/expensive of SQLite query vs. List.contains() for "in-set" icon on list rows

    - by kpdvx
    An application I'm developing requires that the app main a local list of things, let's say books, in a local "library." Users can access their local library of books and search for books using a remote web service. The app will be aware of other users of the app through this web service, and users can browse other users' lists of books in their library. Each book is identified by a unique bookId (represented as an int). When viewing books returned through a search result or when viewing another user's book library, the individual list row cells need to visually represent if the book is in the user's local library or not. A user can have at most 5,000 books in the library, stored in SQLite on the device (and synchronized with the remote web service). My question is, to determine if the book shown in the list row is in the user's library, would it be better to directly ask SQLite (via SELECT COUNT(*)...) or to maintain, in-memory, a List or int[] array of some sort containing the unique bookIds. So, on each row display do I query SQLite or check if the List or int[] array contains the unique bookId? Because the user can have at most 5,000 books, each bookId occupies 4 bytes so at most this would use ~ 20kB. In thinking about this, and in typing this out, it seems obvious to me that it would be far better for performance if I maintained a list or int[] array of in-library bookIds vs. querying SQLite (the only caveat to maintaining an int[] array is that if books are added or removed I'll need to grow or shrink the array by hand, so with this option I'll most likely use an ArrayList or Vector, though I'm not sure of the additional memory overhead of using Integer objects as opposed to primitives). Opinions, thoughts, suggestions?

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  • What is the best way to wait for a GPS location fix?

    - by qtips
    Hi, Using my Android application, when a user does a certain action, a background service is started that fetches the current GPS location and saves it in a database in addition of doing some other stuff. In that service, I use the requestLocationUpdates() from the LocationManager class and wait until the onLocationChanged() of my LocationListener (which is implemented by the service) is fired. But what is the best way to wait for the onLocationChanged to fire? Should I simply poll on a variable and wait until it is set? Any tips? Note: I cannot simply write to the database in the onLocationChanged() because of some other stuff. EDIT: To clearfy my situation, I can present an example similar to my case: Let's say user pushes a button and a method myMethod is fired which will return some object. Then, in this myMethod I will register for location updates from the GPS (using requestLocationChanged) and in addition wait for the users location and use it for something. In other words, myMethod cannot return before the location is present. I don't know how I can use onLocationChanged in this case.

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  • How to model and handle presentation DTO's to abstract from complicated domain model?

    - by arrages
    Hi I am developing an application that needs to work with a complex domain model using Hibernate. This application uses Spring MVC and using the domain objects in the presentation layer is very messy so I think I should use DTO's that go to and from my service layer so that these match what I need in my views. Now lets assume I have a CarLease entity whose properties are not simple java primitives but it's composed with other entities like Make, Model, etc public class CarLease { private Make make; Private Model model; . . . } most properties are in this fashion and they are selectable using drop down selects on the jsp view, each will post back an ID to the controller. Now considering some standard use cases: create, edit, display How would you go about modeling the presentation DTO's to be used as form backing objects and communication between presentation and service layers?? Would you create a different DTO for each case (create, edit, display), would you make DTO's for the complex attributes? if so where would you translate the ID to entity? how and where would you handle validation, DTO/Domain assembly, what would you return from service layer methods? (create, edit, get) As you can see, I now I will benefit by separating my view from the domain objects (very complex with lots of stuff I don't need.) but I am having a hard time finding any real world examples and best practices for this. I need some architecture guidance from top to bottom, please keep in mind I will use Spring MVC in case that may leverage on your anwser. thanks in advance.

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  • Network programming on java

    - by maks
    I have written a simple network program on java using sockets. Program has a client and a server. When user types a word on client side, server simply return this word to client. On server side I use Serversocket and bind it to port 4444. Why does not firewall block this connection on my server PC? I ask this question because earlier I wrote this program using corba technology, and firewall on my server PC was blocking the connection to this port; when I disabled the firewall the program worked fine.

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  • How can I keep the the logic to translate a ViewModel's values to a Where clause to apply to a linq query out of My Controller?

    - by Mr. Manager
    This same problem keeps cropping up. I have a viewModel that doesn't have any persistent backing. It is just a ViewModel to generate a search input form. I want to build a large where clause from the values the user entered. If the Action Accepts as a parameter SearchViewModel How do I do this without passing my viewModel to my service layer? Service shouldn't know about ViewModels right? Oh and if I serialize it, then it would be a big string and the key/values would be strongly typed. SearchViewModel this is just a snippet. [Display(Name="Address")] public string AddressKeywords { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the census. /// </summary> public string Census { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the lot block sub. /// </summary> public string LotBlockSub { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the owner keywords. /// </summary> [Display(Name="Owner")] public string OwnerKeywords { get; set; } In my controller action I was thinking of something like this. but I would think all this logic doesn't belong in my Controller. ActionResult GetSearchResults(SearchViewModel model){ var query = service.GetAllParcels(); if(model.Census != null){ query = query.Where(x=>x.Census == model.Census); } if (model.OwnerKeywords != null){ query = query.Where(x=>x.Owners == model.OwnerKeywords); } return View(query.ToList()); }

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  • Why do I get this exception? {An item with the same key has already been added."})

    - by Alan
    Aknittel NewSellerID is the result of a lookup on tblSellers. These tables (tblSellerListings and tblSellers) are not "officially" joined with a foreign key relationship, either in the model or in the database, but I want some referential integrity maintained for the future. So my issue remains. Why do I get the exception ({"An item with the same key has already been added."}) with this code, if I don't begin each iteration of the foreach loop with a new ObjectContext and end it with SaveChanges, which I think will affect performance. Also, could you tell me why ORCSolutionsDataService.tblSellerListings (An ADO.NET DataServices/WCF object is not IDisposable, like LINQ to Entities?? ============================================== // Add listings to previous seller int NewSellerID = 0; // Look up existing Seller key using SellerUniqueEBAYID var qryCurrentSeller = from s in service.tblSellers where s.SellerEBAYUserID == SellerUserID select s; foreach (var s in qryCurrentSeller) NewSellerID = s.SellerID; // Save the selected listings for this seller foreach (DataGridViewRow dgr in dgvRows) { ORCSolutionsDataService.tblSellerListings NewSellerListing = new ORCSolutionsDataService.tblSellerListings(); NewSellerListing.ItemID = dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemID"].Value.ToString(); NewSellerListing.Title = dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemTitle"].Value.ToString(); NewSellerListing.CurrentPrice = Convert.ToDecimal(dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemPrice"].Value); NewSellerListing.QuantitySold = Convert.ToInt32(dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemSold"].Value); NewSellerListing.EndTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemEnds"].Value); NewSellerListing.CategoryName = dgr.Cells["txtSellerItemCategory"].Value.ToString(); NewSellerListing.ExtendedPrice = Convert.ToDecimal(dgr.Cells["txtExtendedReceipts"].Value); NewSellerListing.RetrievedDtime = Convert.ToDateTime(dtSellerDataRetrieved.ToString()); NewSellerListing.SellerID = NewSellerID; service.AddTotblSellerListings(NewSellerListing); } service.SaveChanges(); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show("Unable to add a new case. Exception: " + ex.Message); }

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  • How to difference sockaddr_in struct from same subnetwork and different IP/users

    - by user1428926
    I am developing a gaming server using the Winsock2 API from Windows, just for now until porting it to Linux. The main problem I have found is that I don't know how to differentiate gaming clients that come from the same router/network. Let´s imagine 2 gamers that are in the same network going to the Internet through the same router IP and port with, for example IP 220.100.100.100 and port 5000, how can my C/C++ server differentiate both TCP connections and know that they are two different gamers? Can I find any difference in the sockaddr_in struct that returns the socket when accept(...) returns ??

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  • Spring Data Neo4J @Indexed(unique = true) not working

    - by Markus Lamm
    I'm new to Neo4J and I have, probably an easy question. There're NodeEntitys in my application, a property (name) is annotated with @Indexed(unique = true) to achieve the uniqueness like I do in JPA with @Column(unique = true). My problem is, that when I persist an entity with a name that already exists in my graph, it works fine anyway. But I expected some kind of exception here...?! Here' s an overview over basic my code: @NodeEntity public abstract class BaseEntity implements Identifiable { @GraphId private Long entityId; ... } public class Role extends BaseEntity { @Indexed(unique = true) private String name; ... } public interface RoleRepository extends GraphRepository<Role> { Role findByName(String name); } @Service public class RoleServiceImpl extends BaseEntityServiceImpl<Role> implements { private RoleRepository repository; @Override @Transactional public T save(final T entity) { return getRepository().save(entity); } } And this is my test: @Test public void testNameUniqueIndex() { final List<Role> roles = Lists.newLinkedList(service.findAll()); final String existingName = roles.get(0).getName(); Role newRole = new Role.Builder(existingName).build(); newRole = service.save(newRole); } That's the point where I expect something to go wrong! How can I ensure the uniqueness of a property, without checking it for myself?? THANKS IN ADVANCE FOR ANY IDEAS!! P.S.: I'm using neo4j 1.8.M07, spring-data-neo4j 2.1.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT and Spring 3.1.2.RELEASE.

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  • External USB devices to Android phones?

    - by Doughy
    I would like to use Android phones as a way to do some processing and visualization of a sensor that would be attached to the USB port on the phone. The sensor would plug into the micro/mini USB, and then I would need to read the incoming data from the USB serial port. Is this possible? I have heard of people using Android to steer robots and other applications, but I have never seen Android being used as a host for a USB sensor. I can't seem to find any official documentation on the subject either, but it seems like it would be a very useful tool. Any thoughts, links, or information on this matter? Thanks.

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  • Fiddler2 to debug SL

    - by Nair
    I have a SL3 + Ria service application that I want to trace what is are the calls made between the client and the server. Since I am debugging the application in localhost, I am unable to see any trace in fiddler. I tried http://localhost.:port/websitename/page.aspx and I got "The requested URL could not be retrieved" message. If i remove '.' between localhost and port my page show up but there is no fiddler capture. How would one go about to see/capture all the calls made between the client and service in localhost? Thanks,

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  • What is the best way to get a reference to a spring bean in the backend layers?

    - by java_pill
    I have two spring config files and I'm specifying them in my web.xml as in below. web.xml snippet .. <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>WEB-INF/classes/domain-context.xml WEB-INF/classes/client-ws.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> .. From my domain object I have to invoke a Web Service Client and in order to get a reference to the Web Service client I do this: ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("client-ws.xml"); //b'cos I don't want to use WebApplicationContextUtils ProductServiceClient client = (ProductServiceClient) context.getBean("productClient"); .. client.find(prodID); //calls a Web Service .. However, I have concerns that looking up the client-ws.xml file and getting a reference to the ProductServiceClient bean is not efficient. I thought of getting it using WebApplicationContextUtils. However, I don't want my domain objects to have a dependency on the ServletContext (a web/control layer object) because WebApplicationContextUtils depends on ServletContext. What is the best way to get a reference to a spring bean in the backend layers? Thanks!

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