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  • Python 3.1.1 Problem With Tuples

    - by Protean
    This piece of code is supposed to go through a list and preform some formatting to the items, such as removing quotations, and then saving it to another list. class process: def rchr(string_i, asciivalue): string_o = () for i in range(len(string_i)): if ord(string_i[i]) != asciivalue: string_o += string_i[i] return string_o def flist(self, list_i): cache = () cache_list = [] for line in list_i: cache = line.split('\t') cacbe[0] = process.rchr(str(cache[0]), 34) cache_list.append(cache[0]) cache_list[index] = cache index += 1 cache_list.sort() return cache_list p = process() list1a = ['cow', 'dog', '"sheep"'] list1 = p.flist(list1a) print (country_list) However; it chokes at 'string_o += string_i[i]' and gives the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Projects/Python/safafa.py", line 23, in <module> list1 = p.flist(list1a) File "/Projects/Python/safafa.py", line 14, in flist cacbe[0] = process.rchr(str(cache[0]), 34) File "/Projects/Python/safafa.py", line 7, in rchr string_o += string_i[i] TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not "str") to tuple

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  • SFML fail to load image as texture

    - by zyeek
    I have come to a problem with the code below ... Using SFML 2.0 #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <list> int main() { float speed = 5.0f; // create the window sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(sf::VideoMode::getDesktopMode().height - 300, 800), "Bricks"); // Set game window position on the screen window.setPosition( sf::Vector2i(sf::VideoMode::getDesktopMode().width/4 + sf::VideoMode::getDesktopMode().width/16 , 0) ); // Allow library to accept repeatitive key presses (i.e. holding key) window.setKeyRepeatEnabled(true); // Hide mouse cursor //window.setMouseCursorVisible(false); // Limit 30 frames per sec; the minimum for all games window.setFramerateLimit(30); sf::Texture texture; if (!texture.loadFromFile("tile.png", sf::IntRect(0, 0, 125, 32))) { std::cout<<"Could not load image\n"; return -1; } // Empty list of sprites std::list<sf::Sprite> spriteContainer; bool gameFocus = true; // run the program as long as the window is open while (window.isOpen()) { sf::Vector2i mousePos = sf::Mouse::getPosition(window); // check all the window's events that were triggered since the last iteration of the loop sf::Event event; while (window.pollEvent(event)) { float offsetX = 0.0f, offsetY = 0.0f; if(event.type == sf::Event::GainedFocus) gameFocus = !gameFocus; else if(event.type == sf::Event::LostFocus) gameFocus = !gameFocus; if(event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) { if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Space) { if(gameFocus) { // Create sprite and add features before putting it into container sf::Sprite sprite(texture); sprite.scale(.9f,.7f); sf::Vector2u textSize = texture.getSize(); sprite.setPosition(sf::Vector2f(mousePos.x-textSize.x/2.0f, mousePos.y - textSize.y/2.0f)); spriteContainer.push_front(sprite); } } if(event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::P) std::cout << spriteContainer.size() << std::endl; if( event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::W ) offsetY -= speed; if( event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::A ) offsetX -= speed; if( event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::S ) offsetY += speed; if( event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::D ) offsetX += speed; } // "close requested" event: we close the window if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed || event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape) window.close(); // Move all sprites synchronously for (std::list<sf::Sprite>::iterator sprite = spriteContainer.begin(); sprite != spriteContainer.end(); ++sprite) sprite->move(offsetX, offsetY); //sprite.move(offsetX,offsetY); } // clear the window with black color window.clear(sf::Color::Black); // draw everything here... // window.draw(...); // Draw all sprites in the container for (std::list<sf::Sprite>::iterator sprite = spriteContainer.begin(); sprite != spriteContainer.end(); ++sprite) window.draw(*sprite); // end the current frame window.display(); } return 0; } A couple weeks ago it worked flawlessly to my expectation, but now that I come back to it and I am having problems importing the image as a texture "tile.png". I don't understand why this is evening happening and the only message I get via the terminal is "Cannot load image ..." then a bunch of random characters. My libraries are for sure working, but now I am not sure why the image is not loading. My image is in the same directory as with my .h and .cpp files. This is an irritating problem that keep coming up for some reason and is always a problem to fix it. I import my libraries via my own directory "locals" which contain many APIs, but I specifically get SFML, and done appropriately as I am able to open a window and many other stuff.

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  • Skewed: a rotating camera in a simple CPU-based voxel raycaster/raytracer

    - by voxelizr
    TL;DR -- in my first simple software voxel raycaster, I cannot get camera rotations to work, seemingly correct matrices notwithstanding. The result is skewed: like a flat rendering, correctly rotated, however distorted and without depth. (While axis-aligned ie. unrotated, depth and parallax are as expected.) I'm trying to write a simple voxel raycaster as a learning exercise. This is purely CPU based for now until I figure out how things work exactly -- fow now, OpenGL is just (ab)used to blit the generated bitmap to the screen as often as possible. Now I have gotten to the point where a perspective-projection camera can move through the world and I can render (mostly, minus some artifacts that need investigation) perspective-correct 3-dimensional views of the "world", which is basically empty but contains a voxel cube of the Stanford Bunny. So I have a camera that I can move up and down, strafe left and right and "walk forward/backward" -- all axis-aligned so far, no camera rotations. Herein lies my problem. Screenshot #1: correct depth when the camera is still strictly axis-aligned, ie. un-rotated. Now I have for a few days been trying to get rotation to work. The basic logic and theory behind matrices and 3D rotations, in theory, is very clear to me. Yet I have only ever achieved a "2.5 rendering" when the camera rotates... fish-eyey, bit like in Google Streetview: even though I have a volumetric world representation, it seems --no matter what I try-- like I would first create a rendering from the "front view", then rotate that flat rendering according to camera rotation. Needless to say, I'm by now aware that rotating rays is not particularly necessary and error-prone. Still, in my most recent setup, with the most simplified raycast ray-position-and-direction algorithm possible, my rotation still produces the same fish-eyey flat-render-rotated style looks: Screenshot #2: camera "rotated to the right by 39 degrees" -- note how the blue-shaded left-hand side of the cube from screen #2 is not visible in this rotation, yet by now "it really should"! Now of course I'm aware of this: in a simple axis-aligned-no-rotation-setup like I had in the beginning, the ray simply traverses in small steps the positive z-direction, diverging to the left or right and top or bottom only depending on pixel position and projection matrix. As I "rotate the camera to the right or left" -- ie I rotate it around the Y-axis -- those very steps should be simply transformed by the proper rotation matrix, right? So for forward-traversal the Z-step gets a bit smaller the more the cam rotates, offset by an "increase" in the X-step. Yet for the pixel-position-based horizontal+vertical-divergence, increasing fractions of the x-step need to be "added" to the z-step. Somehow, none of my many matrices that I experimented with, nor my experiments with matrix-less hardcoded verbose sin/cos calculations really get this part right. Here's my basic per-ray pre-traversal algorithm -- syntax in Go, but take it as pseudocode: fx and fy: pixel positions x and y rayPos: vec3 for the ray starting position in world-space (calculated as below) rayDir: vec3 for the xyz-steps to be added to rayPos in each step during ray traversal rayStep: a temporary vec3 camPos: vec3 for the camera position in world space camRad: vec3 for camera rotation in radians pmat: typical perspective projection matrix The algorithm / pseudocode: // 1: rayPos is for now "this pixel, as a vector on the view plane in 3d, at The Origin" rayPos.X, rayPos.Y, rayPos.Z = ((fx / width) - 0.5), ((fy / height) - 0.5), 0 // 2: rotate around Y axis depending on cam rotation. No prob since view plane still at Origin 0,0,0 rayPos.MultMat(num.NewDmat4RotationY(camRad.Y)) // 3: a temp vec3. planeDist is -0.15 or some such -- fov-based dist of view plane from eye and also the non-normalized, "in axis-aligned world" traversal step size "forward into the screen" rayStep.X, rayStep.Y, rayStep.Z = 0, 0, planeDist // 4: rotate this too -- 0,zstep should become some meaningful xzstep,xzstep rayStep.MultMat(num.NewDmat4RotationY(CamRad.Y)) // set up direction vector from still-origin-based-ray-position-off-rotated-view-plane plus rotated-zstep-vector rayDir.X, rayDir.Y, rayDir.Z = -rayPos.X - me.rayStep.X, -rayPos.Y, rayPos.Z + rayStep.Z // perspective projection rayDir.Normalize() rayDir.MultMat(pmat) // before traversal, the ray starting position has to be transformed from origin-relative to campos-relative rayPos.Add(camPos) I'm skipping the traversal and sampling parts -- as per screens #1 through #3, those are "basically mostly correct" (though not pretty) -- when axis-aligned / unrotated.

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  • OpenGL - have object follow mouse

    - by kevin james
    I want to have an object follow around my mouse on the screen in OpenGL. (I am also using GLEW, GLFW, and GLM). The best idea I've come up with is: Get the coordinates within the window with glfwGetCursorPos. The window was created with window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Test", NULL, NULL); and the code to get coordinates is double xpos, ypos; glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos); Next, I use GLM unproject, to get the coordinates in "object space" glm::vec4 viewport = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1024.0f, 768.0f); glm::vec3 pos = glm::vec3(xpos, ypos, 0.0f); glm::vec3 un = glm::unProject(pos, View*Model, Projection, viewport); There are two potential problems I can already see. The viewport is fine, as the initial x,y, coordinates of the lower left are indeed 0,0, and it's indeed a 1024*768 window. However, the position vector I create doesn't seem right. The Z coordinate should probably not be zero. However, glfwGetCursorPos returns 2D coordinates, and I don't know how to go from there to the 3D window coordinates, especially since I am not sure what the 3rd dimension of the window coordinates even means (since computer screens are 2D). Then, I am not sure if I am using unproject correctly. Assume the View, Model, Projection matrices are all OK. If I passed in the correct position vector in Window coordinates, does the unproject call give me the coordinates in Object coordinates? I think it does, but the documentation is not clear. Finally, to each vertex of the object I want to follow the mouse around, I just increment the x coordinate by un[0], the y coordinate by -un[1], and the z coordinate by un[2]. However, since my position vector that is being unprojected is likely wrong, this is not giving good results; the object does move as my mouse moves, but it is offset quite a bit (i.e. moving the mouse a lot doesn't move the object that much, and the z coordinate is very large). I actually found that the z coordinate un[2] is always the same value no matter where my mouse is, probably because the position vector I pass into unproject always has a value of 0.0 for z. Edit: The (incorrectly) unprojected x-values range from about -0.552 to 0.552, and the y-values from about -0.411 to 0.411.

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  • Best approach for unit enemy "awareness" in RTS?

    - by Phil
    I'm using Unity3d to develop an RTS/TD hybrid prototype game. What is the best approach to have "awareness" between units and their enemies? Is it sane to have every unit check the distance to every enemy and engage if within range? The approach I'm going for right now is to have a trigger sphere on every unit. If an enemy enters the trigger, the unit becomes aware of the enemy and starts distance checking. I'm imagining that this would save some unnecessary checks? What's the best practice here (if there's such a thing)? Thanks for reading.

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  • help animating a player in Corona SDK

    - by andrew McCutchan
    Working on a game in the Corona SDK with Lua and I need help so the player animates on the line drawn. Right now he animates at the beggining and the end but not on the line. Here is the player code: function spawnPlayerObject(xPlayerSpawn,yPlayerSpawn,richTurn) --spawns Rich where we need him. -- riches sprite sheet and all his inital spirites. We need to adjust this so that animations 3-6 are the only ones that animate when moving horizontally local richPlayer = sprite.newSpriteSet(richSheet1,1,6) sprite.add(richPlayer, "rich", 1,6,500,1) rich = sprite.newSprite(richPlayer) rich.x = xPlayerSpawn rich.y = yPlayerSpawn rich:scale(_W*0.0009, _W*0.0009) -- scale is used to adjust the size of the object. richDir = richTurn rich.rotation = richDir rich:prepare("rich") rich:play() physics.addBody( rich, "static", { friction=1, radius = 15 } ) -- needs a better physics body for collision detection. end And here is the code for the line: function movePlayerOnLine(event) --for the original image replace all rich with player. if posCount ~= linePart then richDir = math.atan2(ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-rich.y,ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-rich.x)*180/math.pi playerSpeed = 5 rich.x = rich.x + math.cos(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed rich.y = rich.y + math.sin(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed if rich.x < ractgangle_hit[posCount].x+playerSpeed*10 and rich.x > ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-playerSpeed*10 then if rich.y < ractgangle_hit[posCount].y+playerSpeed*10 and rich.y > ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-playerSpeed*10 then posCount = posCount + 1 end end I don't think anything has changed recently but I have been getting an error when testing of "attempt to upvalue "rich" a nil value" on the second line, richDir = etc.

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  • Swept AABB vs Line Segment 2D

    - by Larolaro
    I've really exhausted as much as Google has to give, I've spent a solid week googling every combination of words for an "AABBvsLine sweep", downloaded countless collision demos, dissected SAT intersection examples and an AABBvsAABB sweep trying to figure out how to approach this. I've not found a single thing covering this specific pairing. Can anyone shed any light on how to get the hit time of a swept AABB vs a Line segment in 2D? I'm still getting familiar with the SAT but I do know how to implement it to a degree, I'm just not sure how to extract the hit time from the velocity in the non axis aligned separating axes for the sweep. I really would appreciate anything at the moment, some code or even some helpful links, I'm at my wits end!

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  • What prefer a game developer company? UDK experience or c++ game projects?

    - by momboco
    What prefer a game developer company? A developer with experience in UDK engine ? or, a developer with projects made entirely in c++ with a graphics engine like Ogre3D? I think that a coder can demonstrate better his abilities with games made in c++, because it requires a knowledge deeper in many fields. However, currently there is a lot of companies that develop his games with UDK. Now I don't know if is better specialize in a game engine like UDK.

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  • Android Can't get two virtual joysticks to move independently and at the same time

    - by Cole
    @Override public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub float r = 70; float centerLx = (float) (screenWidth*.3425); float centerLy = (float) (screenHeight*.4958); float centerRx = (float) (screenWidth*.6538); float centerRy = (float) (screenHeight*.4917); float dx = 0; float dy = 0; float theta; float c; int action = event.getAction(); int actionCode = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK; int pid = (action & MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >> MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT; int fingerid = event.getPointerId(pid); int x = (int) event.getX(pid); int y = (int) event.getY(pid); c = FloatMath.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); theta = (float) Math.atan(Math.abs(dy/dx)); switch (actionCode) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: //if touching down on left stick, set leftstick ID to this fingerid. if(x < screenWidth/2 && c<r*.8) { lsId = fingerid; dx = x-centerLx; dy = y-centerLy; touchingLs = true; } else if(x > screenWidth/2 && c<r*.8) { rsId = fingerid; dx = x-centerRx; dy = y-centerRy; touchingRs = true; } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: if (touchingLs && fingerid == lsId) { dx = x - centerLx; dy = y - centerLy; }else if (touchingRs && fingerid == rsId) { dx = x - centerRx; dy = y - centerRy; } c = FloatMath.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy); theta = (float) Math.atan(Math.abs(dy/dx)); //if touching outside left radius and moving left stick if(c >= r && touchingLs && fingerid == lsId) { if(dx>0 && dy<0) { //top right quadrant lsX = r * FloatMath.cos(theta); lsY = -(r * FloatMath.sin(theta)); Log.i("message", "top right"); } if(dx<0 && dy<0) { //top left quadrant lsX = -(r * FloatMath.cos(theta)); lsY = -(r * FloatMath.sin(theta)); Log.i("message", "top left"); } if(dx<0 && dy>0) { //bottom left quadrant lsX = -(r * FloatMath.cos(theta)); lsY = r * FloatMath.sin(theta); Log.i("message", "bottom left"); } else if(dx > 0 && dy > 0){ //bottom right quadrant lsX = r * FloatMath.cos(theta); lsY = r * FloatMath.sin(theta); Log.i("message", "bottom right"); } } if(c >= r && touchingRs && fingerid == rsId) { if(dx>0 && dy<0) { //top right quadrant rsX = r * FloatMath.cos(theta); rsY = -(r * FloatMath.sin(theta)); Log.i("message", "top right"); } if(dx<0 && dy<0) { //top left quadrant rsX = -(r * FloatMath.cos(theta)); rsY = -(r * FloatMath.sin(theta)); Log.i("message", "top left"); } if(dx<0 && dy>0) { //bottom left quadrant rsX = -(r * FloatMath.cos(theta)); rsY = r * FloatMath.sin(theta); Log.i("message", "bottom left"); } else if(dx > 0 && dy > 0) { rsX = r * FloatMath.cos(theta); rsY = r * FloatMath.sin(theta); Log.i("message", "bottom right"); } } else { if(c < r && touchingLs && fingerid == lsId) { lsX = dx; lsY = dy; } if(c < r && touchingRs && fingerid == rsId){ rsX = dx; rsY = dy; } } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: if (fingerid == lsId) { lsId = -1; lsX = 0; lsY = 0; touchingLs = false; } else if (fingerid == rsId) { rsId = -1; rsX = 0; rsY = 0; touchingRs = false; } break; } return true; } There's a left joystick and a right joystick. Right now only one will move at a time. If someone could set me on the right track I would be incredibly grateful cause I've been having nightmares about this problem.

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  • Making an interface for input in C - How?

    - by tloszk
    I have a big question. I started to develop a simple 3D engine (or should I call it framework?). I use OpenGL for rendering and it is developed for Windows. It is all written in C. But I don't know, how to write an "interface" for the keyboard/mouse input. I would like to keep it as simple as possible and nice - what the Win32 "native" input system is not. If anyone has suggestions about the topic, please, tell me. Thanks for everyone, who answers to my question!

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  • 2D Tile Map files for Platformer, JSON or DB?

    - by Stephen Tierney
    I'm developing a 2D platformer with some uni friends. We've based it upon the XNA Platformer Starter Kit which uses .txt files to store the tile map. While this is simple it does not give us enough control and flexibility with level design. Some examples: for multiple layers of content multiple files are required, each object is fixed onto the grid, doesn't allow for rotation of objects, limited number of characters etc. So I'm doing some research into how to store the level data and map file. Reasoning for DB: From my perspective I see less redundancy of data using a database to store the tile data. Tiles in the same x,y position with the same characteristics can be reused from level to level. It seems like it would simple enough to write a method to retrieve all the tiles that are used in a particular level from the database. Reasoning for JSON: Visually editable files, changes can be tracked via SVN a lot easier. But there is repeated content. Do either have any drawbacks (load times, access times, memory etc) compared to the other? And what is commonly used in the industry? Currently the file looks like this: .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .........GGG........ .........###........ .................... ....GGG.......GGG... ....###.......###... .................... .1................X. #################### 1 - Player start point, X - Level Exit, . - Empty space, # - Platform, G - Gem

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  • Efficient solution for multiplayer space partioning?

    - by DevilWithin
    This question is a little tricky, but I will try to make it clear, Lets say I am building an online game, not in a mmo scale, but gladly supporting as many players as possible, in a authoritative server approach, and I want really big worlds with lots of AI simulated enemies. I am aware of a few strategies to save server's CPU by subdividing the space and not processing what doesn't need processing. I 've already split the world by regions, that will require loading times and small transitions, which i think is important to mantain the quality of gameplay when playing locally (alone or even with a couple of friends) because the players won't normally be in more than one or two regions. But even a region can become pretty big, and have a lot of NPC simulating at a time, how do I handle this without screwing the player's experience? Approaches like one server per region and alike are not in the table. I am mainly looking for data structures to hold hordes of enemies, and even peaceful NPC. To finalize the question, please note that vehicles exist, therefore its considerably fast to travel within a region, influencing the "when" to cull areas. Sorry for the confusing question, thanks

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  • Why is a fully transparent pixel still rendered?

    - by Mr Bell
    I am trying to make a pixel shader that achieves an effect similar to this video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1uZvurrhig&feature=related My basic idea is render the scene to a temp render target then Render the previously rendered image with a slight fade on to another temp render target Draw the current scene on top of that Draw the results on to a render target that persists between draws Draw the results on to the screen But I am having problems with the fading portion. If I have my pixel shader return a color with its A component set to 0, shouldn't that basically amount to drawing nothing? (Assuming that sprite batch blend mode is set to AlphaBlend) To test this I have my pixel shader return a transparent red color. Instead of nothing being drawn, it draws a partially transparent red box. I hope that my question makes sense, but if it doesnt please ask me to clarify Here is the drawing code public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[1] = SamplerState.PointWrap; drawImageOnClearedRenderTarget(presentationTarget, tempRenderTarget, fadeEffect); drawImageOnRenderTarget(sceneRenderTarget, tempRenderTarget); drawImageOnClearedRenderTarget(tempRenderTarget, presentationTarget); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); drawImage(backgroundTexture); drawImage(presentationTarget); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void drawImage(Texture2D image, Effect effect = null) { spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(image, new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); } private void drawImageOnRenderTarget(Texture2D image, RenderTarget2D target, Effect effect = null) { GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(target); drawImage(image, effect); } private void drawImageOnClearedRenderTarget(Texture2D image, RenderTarget2D target, Effect effect = null) { GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(target); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); drawImage(image, effect); } Here is the fade pixel shader sampler TextureSampler : register(s0); float4 PixelShaderFunction(float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 c = 0; c = tex2D(TextureSampler, texCoord); //c.a = clamp(c.a - 0.05, 0, 1); c.r = 1; c.g = 0; c.b = 0; c.a = 0; return c; } technique Fade { pass Pass1 { PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } }

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  • Tower defence game poison tower in fieldrunners dynamics

    - by Syed Ali Haider Abidi
    I had made a 2d tower defence game in unity3d.done all the pathfinder tower upgrading cash stuff.now the dynamics. can one help me in making the dynamics of the paint tower..please remember as its a 2d game so i am working on spritesheets. This tower is more likely poison tower in fieldrunners.fow now i have only one image which follows the enemy but it remains the same but in fieldrunners its more realistic.it changes its direction when the enemies are on different angles.

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  • texture mapping with lib3ds and SOIL help

    - by Adam West
    I'm having trouble with my project for loading a texture map onto a model. Any insight into what is going wrong with my code is fantastic. Right now the code only renders a teapot which I have assinged after creating it in 3DS Max. 3dsloader.cpp #include "3dsloader.h" Object::Object(std:: string filename) { m_TotalFaces = 0; m_model = lib3ds_file_load(filename.c_str()); // If loading the model failed, we throw an exception if(!m_model) { throw strcat("Unable to load ", filename.c_str()); } // set properties of texture coordinate generation for both x and y coordinates glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_EYE_LINEAR); glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_EYE_LINEAR); // if not already enabled, enable texture generation if(! glIsEnabled(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S)) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); if(! glIsEnabled(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T)) glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); } Object::~Object() { if(m_model) // if the file isn't freed yet lib3ds_file_free(m_model); //free up memory glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); } void Object::GetFaces() { m_TotalFaces = 0; Lib3dsMesh * mesh; // Loop through every mesh. for(mesh = m_model->meshes;mesh != NULL;mesh = mesh->next) { // Add the number of faces this mesh has to the total number of faces. m_TotalFaces += mesh->faces; } } void Object::CreateVBO() { assert(m_model != NULL); // Calculate the number of faces we have in total GetFaces(); // Allocate memory for our vertices and normals Lib3dsVector * vertices = new Lib3dsVector[m_TotalFaces * 3]; Lib3dsVector * normals = new Lib3dsVector[m_TotalFaces * 3]; Lib3dsTexel* texCoords = new Lib3dsTexel[m_TotalFaces * 3]; Lib3dsMesh * mesh; unsigned int FinishedFaces = 0; // Loop through all the meshes for(mesh = m_model->meshes;mesh != NULL;mesh = mesh->next) { lib3ds_mesh_calculate_normals(mesh, &normals[FinishedFaces*3]); // Loop through every face for(unsigned int cur_face = 0; cur_face < mesh->faces;cur_face++) { Lib3dsFace * face = &mesh->faceL[cur_face]; for(unsigned int i = 0;i < 3;i++) { memcpy(&texCoords[FinishedFaces*3 + i], mesh->texelL[face->points[ i ]], sizeof(Lib3dsTexel)); memcpy(&vertices[FinishedFaces*3 + i], mesh->pointL[face->points[ i ]].pos, sizeof(Lib3dsVector)); } FinishedFaces++; } } // Generate a Vertex Buffer Object and store it with our vertices glGenBuffers(1, &m_VertexVBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_VertexVBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Lib3dsVector) * 3 * m_TotalFaces, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Generate another Vertex Buffer Object and store the normals in it glGenBuffers(1, &m_NormalVBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_NormalVBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Lib3dsVector) * 3 * m_TotalFaces, normals, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Generate a third VBO and store the texture coordinates in it. glGenBuffers(1, &m_TexCoordVBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_TexCoordVBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Lib3dsTexel) * 3 * m_TotalFaces, texCoords, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Clean up our allocated memory delete vertices; delete normals; delete texCoords; // We no longer need lib3ds lib3ds_file_free(m_model); m_model = NULL; } void Object::applyTexture(const char*texfilename) { float imageWidth; float imageHeight; glGenTextures(1, & textureObject); // allocate memory for one texture textureObject = SOIL_load_OGL_texture(texfilename,SOIL_LOAD_AUTO,SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID,SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureObject); // use our newest texture glGetTexLevelParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_TEXTURE_WIDTH,&imageWidth); glGetTexLevelParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_TEXTURE_HEIGHT,&imageHeight); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); // give the best result for texture magnification glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //give the best result for texture minification glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP); // don't repeat texture glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP); // don't repeat textureglTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP); // don't repeat texture glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_MODULATE); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,imageWidth,imageHeight,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,& textureObject); } void Object::Draw() const { // Enable vertex, normal and texture-coordinate arrays. glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); // Bind the VBO with the normals. glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_NormalVBO); // The pointer for the normals is NULL which means that OpenGL will use the currently bound VBO. glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, NULL); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_TexCoordVBO); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, NULL); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_VertexVBO); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, NULL); // Render the triangles. glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, m_TotalFaces * 3); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } 3dsloader.h #include "main.h" #include "lib3ds/file.h" #include "lib3ds/mesh.h" #include "lib3ds/material.h" class Object { public: Object(std:: string filename); virtual ~Object(); virtual void Draw() const; virtual void CreateVBO(); void applyTexture(const char*texfilename); protected: void GetFaces(); unsigned int m_TotalFaces; Lib3dsFile * m_model; Lib3dsMesh* Mesh; GLuint textureObject; GLuint m_VertexVBO, m_NormalVBO, m_TexCoordVBO; }; Called in the main cpp file with: VBO,apply texture and draw (pretty simple, how ironic) and thats it, please help me forum :)

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  • Objective-C Moving UIView along a curved path

    - by PruitIgoe
    I'm not sure if I am approaching this the correct way. In my app, when a user touches the screen I capture the point and create an arc from a fixed point to that touch point. I then want to move a UIView along that arc. Here's my code: ViewController.m //method to "shoot" object - KIP_Projectile creates the arc, KIP_Character creates the object I want to move along the arc ... //get arc for trajectory KIP_Projectile* vThisProjectile = [[KIP_Projectile alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(51.0, fatElvisCenterPoint-30.0, touchPoint.x, 60.0)]; vThisProjectile.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; [self.view addSubview:vThisProjectile]; ... KIP_Character* thisChar = [[KIP_Character alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(51, objCenterPoint-5, imgThisChar.size.width, imgThisChar.size.height)]; thisChar.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; thisChar.charID = charID; thisChar.charType = 2; thisChar.strCharType = @"Projectile"; thisChar.imgMyImage = imgThisChar; thisChar.myArc = vThisProjectile; [thisChar buildImage]; [thisChar traceArc]; in KIP_Projectile I build the arc using this code: - (CGMutablePathRef) createArcPathFromBottomOfRect : (CGRect) rect : (CGFloat) arcHeight { CGRect arcRect = CGRectMake(rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y + rect.size.height - arcHeight, rect.size.width, arcHeight); CGFloat arcRadius = (arcRect.size.height/2) + (pow(arcRect.size.width, 2) / (8*arcRect.size.height)); CGPoint arcCenter = CGPointMake(arcRect.origin.x + arcRect.size.width/2, arcRect.origin.y + arcRadius); CGFloat angle = acos(arcRect.size.width / (2*arcRadius)); CGFloat startAngle = radians(180) + angle; CGFloat endAngle = radians(360) - angle; CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathAddArc(path, NULL, arcCenter.x, arcCenter.y, arcRadius, startAngle, endAngle, 0); return path; } - (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect { CGContextRef currentContext = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); _myArcPath = [self createArcPathFromBottomOfRect:self.bounds:30.0]; CGContextSetLineWidth(currentContext, 1); CGFloat red[4] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}; CGContextSetStrokeColor(currentContext, red); CGContextAddPath(currentContext, _myArcPath); CGContextStrokePath(currentContext); } Works fine. The arc is displayed with a red stroke on the screen. In KIP_Character, which has been passed it's relevant arc, I am using this code but getting no results. - (void) traceArc { CGMutablePathRef myArc = _myArc.myArcPath; // Set up path movement CAKeyframeAnimation *pathAnimation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"]; pathAnimation.calculationMode = kCAAnimationPaced; pathAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; pathAnimation.removedOnCompletion = NO; pathAnimation.path = myArc; CGPathRelease(myArc); [self.layer addAnimation:pathAnimation forKey:@"savingAnimation"]; } Any help here would be appreciated.

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  • Turn-based Strategy Loop

    - by Djentleman
    I'm working on a strategy game. It's turn-based and card-based (think Dominion-style), done in a client, with eventual AI in the works. I've already implemented almost all of the game logic (methods for calculations and suchlike) and I'm starting to work on the actual game loop. What is the "best" way to implement a game loop in such a game? Should I use a simple "while gameActive" loop that keeps running until gameActive is False, with sections that wait for player input? Or should it be managed through the UI with player actions determining what happens and when? Any help is appreciated. I'm doing it in Python (for now at least) to get my Python skills up a bit, although the language shouldn't matter for this question.

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  • How do I apply different probability factors in an algorithm for a cricket simulation game?

    - by Komal Sharma
    I am trying to write the algorithm for a cricket simulation game which generates runs on each ball between 0 to 6. The run rate or runs generated changes when these factors come into play like skill of the batsman, skill of the bowler, target to be chased. Wickets left. If the batsman is skilled more runs will be generated. There will be a mode of play of the batsman aggressive, normal, defensive. If he plays aggressive chances of getting out will be more. If the chasing target is more the run rate should be more. If the overs are final the run rate should be more. I am using java random number function for this. The code so far I've written is public class Cricket { public static void main(String args[]) { int totalRuns=0; //i is the balls bowled for (int i = 1; i <= 60 ; i++) { int RunsPerBall = (int)(Math.random()*6); //System.out.println(Random); totalRuns=totalRuns+RunsPerBall; } System.out.println(totalRuns); } } Can somebody help me how to apply the factors in the code. I believe probability will be used with this. I am not clear how to apply the probability of the factors stated above in the code.

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  • How do I break an image into 6 or 8 pieces of different shapes?

    - by Anil gupta
    I am working on puzzle game, where the player can select an image from iPhone photo gallery. The selected image will save in puzzle page and after 3 second wait the selected image will be broken into 6 or 8 parts of different shapes. Then player will arrange these broken parts of images to make the original image. I am not getting idea how to break the image and merged so that player arrange the broken part. I want to break image like this below frame. I am developing this game in cocos2d.

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  • Issue with multiplayer interpolation

    - by Ben Cracknell
    In a fast-paced multiplayer game I'm working on, there is an issue with the interpolation algorithm. You can see it clearly in the image below. Cyan: Local position when a packet is received Red: Position received from packet (goal) Blue: Line from local position to goal when packet is received Black: Local position every frame As you can see, the local position seems to oscillate around the goals instead of moving between them smoothly. Here is the code: // local transform position when the last packet arrived. Will lerp from here to the goal private Vector3 positionAtLastPacket; // location received from last packet private Vector3 goal; // time since the last packet arrived private float currentTime; // estimated time to reach goal (also the expected time of the next packet) private float timeToReachGoal; private void PacketReceived(Vector3 position, float timeBetweenPackets) { positionAtLastPacket = transform.position; goal = position; timeToReachGoal = timeBetweenPackets; currentTime = 0; Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up, Color.cyan, 5); // current local position Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, goal, Color.blue, 5); // path to goal Debug.DrawRay(goal, Vector3.up, Color.red, 5); // received goal position } private void FrameUpdate() { currentTime += Time.deltaTime; float delta = currentTime/timeToReachGoal; transform.position = FreeLerp(positionAtLastPacket, goal, currentTime / timeToReachGoal); // current local position Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up * 0.5f, Color.black, 5); } /// <summary> /// Lerp without being locked to 0-1 /// </summary> Vector3 FreeLerp(Vector3 from, Vector3 to, float t) { return from + (to - from) * t; } Any idea about what's going on?

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  • Direct3D9 application won't write to depth buffer

    - by DeadMG
    I've got an application written in D3D9 which will not write any values to the depth buffer, resulting in incorrect values for the depth test. Things I've checked so far: D3DRS_ZENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZWRITEENABLE, set to TRUE D3DRS_ZFUNC, set to D3DCMP_LESSEQUAL The depth buffer is definitely bound to the pipeline at the relevant time The depth buffer was correctly cleared before use. I've used PIX to confirm that all of these things occurred as expected. For example, if I clear the depth buffer to 0 instead of 1, then correctly nothing is drawn, and PIX confirms that all the pixels failed the depth test. But I've also used PIX to confirm that my submitted geometry does not write to the depth buffer and so is not correctly rendered. Any other suggestions?

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  • Tiled game: how to correct load background image ?

    - by stighy
    Hi, i'm a newbie. I'm trying to develop a 2d game (top-down view). I would like to load a standard background, a textured ground... My "world" is big, for example 3000px X 3000px. I think it is not a good idea to load a 3000px x 3000px image and move it... So, how is the best practice ? To load a single small image (64x64) and repeat it for N times ? If yes, ok, but how i can manage the "background" movement ? Thanks Bye!

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  • Redering performance in FlasCC + UDK when compared to Stage3d and UDK on Windows?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    http://gaming.adobe.com/technologies/flascc/ Developers can now access UDK for browser applications. Does this mean greater performance than using a Stage3D engine (Away3D 4) and how much of a noticeable difference in performance would it make in rendering speeds? Is there any benchmark you could propose that would allow to compare them fairly? I am asking this to help myself understand the consequences in performance for deciding to use UDK in a browser based game. I would also like to know how it compares with UDK running natively in Windows? I am not asking which technology to use or which is better. Only interested in the optimizing rendering speed in a 3d browser game with flash.

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  • XNA 4.0 - Normal mapping shader - strange texture artifacts

    - by Taylor
    I recently started using custom shader. Shader can do diffuse and specular lighting and normal mapping. But normal mapping is causing really ugly artifacts (some sort of pixeling noise) for textures in greater distance. It looks like this: Image link This is HLSL code: // Matrix float4x4 World : World; float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; //Textury texture2D ColorMap; sampler2D ColorMapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <ColorMap>; MinFilter = Anisotropic; MagFilter = Linear; MipFilter = Linear; MaxAnisotropy = 16; }; texture2D NormalMap; sampler2D NormalMapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <NormalMap>; MinFilter = Anisotropic; MagFilter = Linear; MipFilter = Linear; MaxAnisotropy = 16; }; // Light float4 AmbientColor : Color; float AmbientIntensity; float3 DiffuseDirection : LightPosition; float4 DiffuseColor : Color; float DiffuseIntensity; float4 SpecularColor : Color; float3 CameraPosition : CameraPosition; float Shininess; // The input for the VertexShader struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float3 Binormal : BINORMAL0; float3 Tangent : TANGENT0; }; // The output from the vertex shader, used for later processing struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; float3 View : TEXCOORD1; float3x3 WorldToTangentSpace : TEXCOORD2; }; // The VertexShader. VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input, float3 Normal : NORMAL) { VertexShaderOutput output; float4 worldPosition = mul(input.Position, World); float4 viewPosition = mul(worldPosition, View); output.Position = mul(viewPosition, Projection); output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord; output.WorldToTangentSpace[0] = mul(normalize(input.Tangent), World); output.WorldToTangentSpace[1] = mul(normalize(input.Binormal), World); output.WorldToTangentSpace[2] = mul(normalize(input.Normal), World); output.View = normalize(float4(CameraPosition,1.0) - worldPosition); return output; } // The Pixel Shader float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { float4 color = tex2D(ColorMapSampler, input.TexCoord); float3 normalMap = 2.0 *(tex2D(NormalMapSampler, input.TexCoord)) - 1.0; normalMap = normalize(mul(normalMap, input.WorldToTangentSpace)); float4 normal = float4(normalMap,1.0); float4 diffuse = saturate(dot(-DiffuseDirection,normal)); float4 reflect = normalize(2*diffuse*normal-float4(DiffuseDirection,1.0)); float4 specular = pow(saturate(dot(reflect,input.View)), Shininess); return color * AmbientColor * AmbientIntensity + color * DiffuseIntensity * DiffuseColor * diffuse + color * SpecularColor * specular; } // Techniques technique Lighting { pass Pass1 { VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 VertexShaderFunction(); PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 PixelShaderFunction(); } } Any advice? Thanks!

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  • Scaling and new coordinates based off screen resolution

    - by Atticus
    I'm trying to deal with different resolutions on Android devices. Say I have a sprite at X,Y and dimensions W,H. I understand how to properly scale the width and heigh dimensions depending on the screen size, but I am not sure how to properly reposition this sprite so that it exists in the same area that it should. If I simply resize the width and heigh and keep X,Y at the same coordinates, things don't scale well. How do I properly reposition? Multiply the coordinates by the scale as well?

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