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• Terminal emulation has stopped working. Garbage escape chars

  - by oligofren

  To enable me to do some remote administration of our servers I started using a terminal emulation program called TouchTerm Pro on my iPhone. While not the smoothest experience, it has allowed me to leave my computer behind when going out of town, which makes the slightly painful experience worthwhile. As of late, the app unfortunately no longer works. Pressing up and down keys after logging on via ssh gives me garbage like ^[[A and ^[[B. Combinations with Ctrl - like you can see in the video - no longer works either. Writing full command lines and executing by the enter key works though. Being able to search my bash history was the difference between a usable app and endless frustration, so getting it to work is essential. The app has (of course) met its end of life, not getting updated anymore. I am not quite sure, which side (client or server) that has to be "fixed"/hacked to make the control sequences work again. But is there something I can do to make it work as intended? You can see a video of TouchTerm in operation here.

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• shared hosting with malware, .htaccess file gets modified every 2 hours or so

  - by apache

  I spent all day today chasing malware on the shared hosting for one of my clients. The issue is as follows: Every 2 hours or so .htaccess file and all other .htaccess files gets modified, on the top of the file these lines are added: IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^.*(google|ask|yahoo|youtube|wikipedia|excite|altavista|msn|aol|goto|infoseek|lycos|search|bing|dogpile|facebook|twitter|live|myspace|linkedin|flickr)\.(.*) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 [R=301,L] </IfModule> and on the bottom: ErrorDocument 400 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 401 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 403 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 404 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 500 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 The main problem I'm not root on the server, and cannot sudo, as this is shared hosting with 100's of websites. Typical good commands like dmesg, lsof, dtrace, chattr and many others are not available to me as I'm not root. I can't find who is modifying .htaccess files, how do I get that info? My guess is some php script is changing that which is called from outside via command and control. This seems to relate to this: http://blog.unmaskparasites.com/2009/09/11/dynamic-dns-and-botnet-of-zombie-web-servers/ How do I find out who is modifying .htaccess files without being root?

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• OpenVPN-based VPN server on same system it's "protecting": feasible?

  - by Johnny Utahh

  Scenario: hosted machine (typically a VPS) serving wiki, svn, git, forums, email lists (eg: GNU mailman), Bugzilla (etc) privately to < 20 people. People not on team not allowed access. Seeking VPN-restricted access to said server. Have good user experience with OpenVPN-based servers/clients, but have yet to server-admin such systems. Otherwise, experienced Linux sysadmin. Target system: Ubuntu, probably 12.04. Seeking to put an OpenVPN process on above server to "protect" all the above-mentioned services, enabling only OpenVPN-authorized clients/processes to access above services. (Can easily acquire additional IP address(es) as needed for this setup.) Option: if absolutely needed, can employ an additional, dedicated, "VPN server" VPS simply to be my VPN server "front end." But prefer to have all server processes (VPN server plus other server apps) all running on same machine, if possible. Will consider further if dedicated-VPN-machine setup enables 1. easier installation/administration, 2. better/easier end-user experience, and/or 3. makes system significantly more secure. Any of above feasible? The main intention: create a VPN from purely-hosted resources, and not spend all the effort to make a non-VPN, secure site--which typically means "SSL wrapping" + all the continual webserver-application-update management. Let the VPN server deal with access security, and spend list time pushing said security "down" in the other apps/Apache.

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• Cisco IOS ACL: Don't permit incoming connections just because they are from port 80

  - by cjavapro

  I am going much based on my memory and I may not be correct on all of this. On a Cisco 851 (IOS) that uses a BVI or a bridge-route (the servers on the inside are configured with static and public IP addresses). I would apply two access lists (both end with deny ip any any log) on FastEthernet4 (the WAN port). There would be one for FA4 in and another for FA4 out. FA4 out would have a line like access-list 110 permit 98.76.54.0 0.0.0.255 gt 1023 any eq http I think this means from 98.76.54.* with a from port of at least 1024 can connect to any other machine with a destination port 80. So, then I have to allow the response to the HTTP connection. FA4 in would have a line like access-list 120 permit any eq http 98.76.54.0 0.0.0.255 gt 1023 Now the problem with that is that anybody on the outside can set their from port to port 80 and then connect to any inside port that is at least 1024. How do we prevent this and require the incoming data to be a response to the outgoing data.

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• Creating multiple SFTP users for one account

  - by Tom Marthenal

  I'm in the process of migrating an aging shared-hosting system to more modern technologies. Right now, plain old insecure FTP is the only way for customers to access their files. I plan on replacing this with SFTP, but I need a way to create multiple SFTP users that correspond to one UNIX account. A customer has one account on the machine (e.g. customer) with a home directory like /home/customer/. Our clients are used to being able to create an arbitrary number of FTP accounts for their domains (to give out to different people). We need the same capability with SFTP. My first thought is to use SSH keys and just add each new "user" to authorized_keys, but this is confusing for our customers, many of whom are not technically-inclined and would prefer to stick with passwords. SSH is not an issue, only SFTP is available. How can we create multiple SFTP accounts (customer, customer_developer1, customer_developer2, etc.) that all function as equivalents and don't interfere with file permissions (ideally, all files should retain customer as their owner)? My initial thought was some kind of PAM module, but I don't have a clear idea of how to accomplish this within our constraints. We are open to using an alternative SSH daemon if OpenSSH isn't suitable for our situation; again, it needs to support only SFTP and not SSH. Currently our SSH configuration has this appended to it in order to jail the users in their own directories: # all customers have group 'customer' Match group customer ChrootDirectory /home/%u # jail in home directories AllowTcpForwarding no X11Forwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp # force SFTP PasswordAuthentication yes # for non-customer accounts we use keys instead Our servers are running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

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• VMWare web UI intermittent access on CentOS

  - by PeteWilliams

  I've got a CentOS 5.2 server that I'm trying to get set up as a development environment. As part of this, I planned to install VMWare Server 2 and set up several virtual development servers. I've got as far as installing VMWare Server 2 but access to the remote control panel is only working intermittently. If I access it through Firefox at https://127.0.0.1:8333/ui/# it usually says either: "Connection intterupted: connection was reset before the page loaded" Or "Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at 127.0.0.1" But every now and then it lets me in and I'll manage a few clicks in the web UI before it kicks me out with the following error: "The server could not complete a request (HTTP 0 ). The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request. If this problem persists, please contact your system administrator." I've done all the updates available in CentOS except one OpenOffice one that is causing a conflict, and I re-ran wmware-config.pl after updating the kernel. Though I went with all the defaults as I don't really know what I'm doing! I've since rebooted and nothing changed. I've also tried accessing the control panel remotely from another machine in the network and the results are the same. Does anyone have any ideas what might be causing this and how I can resolve it? I'm afraid I'm a developer playing at sys-admin, so I may be missing something obvious! Many thanks Pete Update I have now reinstalled both the operating system and VMWare and I'm still getting the same issue. I wonder if it's a result of the settings I'm putting in on the config.pl script..?

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• Developing high-performance and scalable zend framework website [on hold]

  - by Daniel

  We are going to develop an ads website like http://www.gumtree.com/ (it will not be like this one but just to give you an ideea) and we are having some issues regarding performance and scalability. We are planning on using Zend Framework for this project but this is all that I'm sure off at this point. I don't think a classic approch like Zend Framework (PHP) + MySQL + Memcache + jQuery (and I would throw Doctrine 2 in there to) will fix result in a high-performance application. I was thinking on making this a RESTful application (with Zend Framework) + NGINX (or maybe MongoDB) + Memcache (or eAccelerator -- I understand this will create problems with scalability on multiple servers) + jQuery or maybe throw Backbone.js in there, a CDN for static content, a server for images and a scalable server for the requests and the rest. My questions are: - What do you think about my approch? - What solutions would you recommand for developing an high performance, scalable application expected to have a lot of traffic using PHP(Zend Framework 2)...I would be interested in your approch. I should note that I'm a Zend developer, I'm working with Zend for over 3 years, this is why I'm choosing it.

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• My bios datetime is resetting to 2002, what should I do?

  - by Thierry Lam

  I bought my PC brand new in mid-2006. I'm currently dual booting Win XP 32 bits and Ubuntu Karmic Desktop. Over the last few days, when I boot up my computer, it tells me that my bios time is not set. I now have 2 choices for booting in: Windows first: I can safely get into Windows but the date now shows 2002/01/01 at 00:00. From there, Windows will not sync its time to its servers, I have to manually advance the date myself. I can also advance the date from the bios at startup. Ubuntu first: Since the time date is still set at 2002, the boot system cannot find my linux partition. I can fix that issue by booting to Windows, set the date properly and the linux issue will be fixed automatically. The above two issues can also be fixed if I manually set the bios date/time manually when I turn on my computer. It's annoying to do that every single day since I shut down my PC daily. Am I having an OS issue or a hardware issue? How can I resolve this problem?

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• Converting a Windows 2003 server

  - by Jim Bass

  We have a legacy database system based upon MS SQL running on Windows Server 2003. The client software will only run on Windows XP. We have recently had success converting a client into a virtual machine and running it under Fusion on Mac minis. So far, it is working incredibly well. So well, in fact, that we are now considering trying to convert the server to a virtual machine. This raises several questions, though: 1. The server uses a raid array. Does the VM virtualize the raid array? I only ask because in my experience Windows products don't like it when you change core hardware. 2. Is there any reason why running SQL server on a virtual machine won't work? It will be up 24/7. 3. Is there a different converter for servers? 4. Will I have to track down the licensing for MS SQL and Server 2003 or will they come across ok? 5. The company that designed the software is no longer in business. There is some fear that the software is somehow tied to the hardware configuration. We bought the hardware, but their engineers came out and configured the system. Will the virtual machine be able to spoof particular chip sets? Thanks! Jim Bass

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• DNS resolve .com domain on local domain

  - by Joost Verdaasdonk

  I'm building a local 2008 R2 domain as a test case to be able to write a roadmap for the real new domain that needs to be created soon. What I would like to know if I'm able to make a record in DNS that will point the domain name: www.example.com and example.com to one of the servers in my network. I tried creating an a-record for it but that doesn't work. To be honest I'm not even sure if this is possible? So can I do this? That way I would be able to fully test all our services (and webb app) offline before I build the real domain and switch the DNS records at the provider. Some advice if possible and where to start is appreciated. The solution (Thanks Brent): Create new Forward lookup zone pointing to example.com Create empty A record pointing to IP of the webserver you are targeting If www is needed create A record with Name: www and IP of your webserver sub domains repeat the process but then with names for example: sub or www.sub (and ip your webserver) Be aware of the DNS Cache while you are in this process. Things can take time or do the following: Right click the server and choose clear cache in CMD: ipconfig /flushdns (to flush the client cache)

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• How to setup a hyper-v domain with internet access

  - by fynnbob

  First off let me say that I'm not a network admin or server guy, I know very little about that stuff. What I'm trying to do is setup a virtualized domain using hyper-V. Here is the configuration: Physical Server: 4Mb RAM Windows Server 2008 R2 running Hyper-V Virtual Environment: One Domain Controller running Windows Server 2008 R2 One Client running Windows Server 2008 R2 I have been successful in setting up a virtual domain controller and adding a virtual client to that domain controller but I'm stuck at trying to give the virtual Environment Internet access. I can give the client VM Internet access if I remove them from the virtual domain but once I add them back to the virtual domain, Internet access is gone. I've read articles describing many different ways this can be done (using RRAS with NAT, using a wireless connection, etc...) but all of those articles only cover a small piece of the setup and also seem to be geared towards people who know there way around networking and servers which I don't. I'd like to know more but my thing is software development and I have my hands full trying to keep up with everything in that realm. I simply want to setup a virtual domain with Internet access for testing. Can anyone point me to any "for Dummy's" type information on how to setup this type of environment or can anyone provide this kind of step-by-step help. Any help would be very much appreciated.

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• central apache log analysis of many hosts

  - by Jason Antman

  We have 30+ apache httpd servers, and are looking to perform analysis on the logs both for historical trending and near "real time" monitoring/alerting. I'm mainly interested in things like error rates (4xx/5xx), response time, overall request rate, etc. but it would also be very useful to pull out more compute-intensive statistics like unique client IPs and user agents per unit of time. I'm leaning towards building this as a centralized collector/server/storage, and am also considering the possibility of storing non-apache logs (i.e. general syslog, firewall logs, etc.) in the same system. Obviously a large part of this will probably have to be custom (at least the connection between pieces and the parsing/analysis we do), but I haven't been able to find much information on people who have done stuff like this, at least at shops smaller than Google/Facebook/etc. who can throw their log data into a hundred-node compute cluster and run Map/Reduce on it. The main things I'm looking for are: - All open source - Some way of collecting logs from apache machines that isn't too resource-intensive, and transports them relatively quickly over the network - Some way of storing them (NoSQL? key-value store?) on the backend, for a given amount of time (and then rolling them up into historical averages) - In the middle of this, a way of graphing in near-real-time (probably also with some statistical analysis on it) and hopefully alerting off of those graphs. Any suggestions/pointers/ideas, to either "products"/projects or descriptions of how other people do this would be greatly helpful. Unfortunately, we're not exactly a new-age-y devops shop, lots of old stuff, homogeneous infrastructure, and strained boxes.

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• What is the oldest hardware still in production use? How is it kept running?

  - by sleske

  In the spirit of the question What is your oldest hardware that still works?, I'd like to ask: What is the oldest hardware you know that is still in production use? And what challenges did you (or someone else) face in keeping it running (scarce documentation, no support, no spare parts available...)? Most organizations will retire / upgrade software and hardware after 5-10 years, but sometimes old software is kept running on old boxes, because it "just works". I once worked at a client site that was running a critical piece of (in-house developed) business software on a single server running HP-UX. The server was old (ca. 12-13 years), but fortunately still running without problems; however, getting spares would have been very difficult, and since software installation was undocumented, any significant system changes or even new hardware might have caused significant downtime and data loss. We eventually managed to replace it, but this is not always possible. I also read that many organizations still run decade-old mainframe hardware, particularly for highly customized systems controlling industrial machines or power plants. Which old hardware have you encountered? How did you manage these challenges? Related question: http://serverfault.com/questions/82467/should-old-servers-be-retired

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• DPM server 2010 Attach agent error : administrator privileges missing?

  - by Michael

  I’m hoping you would be able to help me out with this little problem I’m having. I installed DPM 2010 in our test environment to test backups on Exchange 2010 servers. The environment includes : 1xDC 2x Exchange Server 2010 1x DPM 2010 server All of these are running on Microsoft server 2008 R2 Virtual machines. The host machines are using Hyper-v. So the problem goes like this : 1- I tried to install the agents from the DPM server GUI, which failed saying I didn’t have the correct permissions. 2- So then I tried the manual installation using the commands from : the Microsoft site http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb870935.aspx 3- The agent installation worked but when I get to attaching the agents to the DPM server it still gives me the error saying that the specified account does not have administrator rights. 4- I tried the Domain admin, users who are domain admin + local admin, single local admins. 5- I have turned off the windows firewall and made sure all the services are running. So now I’m out of ideas and really need help, the agent attach to the DPM server is the last thing that is holding me back from deploying everything to the production site. Any help would be really appreciated.

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• CloudFront with Custom Origin and ELB

  - by kmfk

  We are using CloudFront for our static assets but also wanted to allow for Gzip. We set up a new distribution with a custom origin pointing back to our application servers which are behind a elastic load balancer. We manually keep the files in sync across the cluster and update them when we publish. However, with this set up, we get nothing but Miss and RefreshHits from CloudFront, which so far has defeated the purpose. Is there any additional settings in order to use an ELB as your custom origin? In the docs, it references this as a viable solution. It appears when we point the distribution to a single server in our production cluster, cloudfront properly caches our assets. Is it possible that the sticky sessions cookie and the subsequent header that gets added by it could be an issue? Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" //Added by load balancer Any ideas? FYI - currently, we have our custom origin pointing to a single EC2 instance, so caching is working correctly - in case you try to curl the file below. Example headers: curl -I http://static.quick-cdn.com/css/9850999.css HTTP/1.0 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: max-age=3700 Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" Content-Length: 23038 Content-Type: text/css Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:03:52 GMT Last-Modified: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:00:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.17 (Ubuntu) Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Cache: RefreshHit from cloudfront X-Amz-Cf-Id: K_q7Zy3_jdzlEJ85ukELVtdx1GmuXqApAbZZ7G0fPt0mxRMqPKX5pQ==,RzJmPku-rEIO9WlvuSoKa8hiAaR3dLk5KC4cQMWWrf_MDhmjWe8n6A== Via: 1.0 28c34f9fbf559a21ee16594849e4fc9c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront) Connection: close

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• Does Active Directory on Server 2003 R2 support IPv6 subnets in Sites and Services?

  - by NorbyTheGeek

  I've been experimenting with IPv6 at our organization. The domain controllers (all 2003 R2) and most of the servers (2003 R2 / 2008 / 2008 R2) have IPv6 configured. We have a subnet assigned through a tunnel provider. Currently, the only workstation that is running IPv6 is mine. (Windows 7) I have been noticing that my workstation is picking domain controllers in other sites for things like DFS, and I finally realized that I don't have the IPv6 subnets set up in Active Directory Sites and Services (ADSS). But when I try to add a IPv6 prefix in ADSS, it tells me: Windows cannot create the object 2001:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64 because: The object name has bad syntax. I believe I may be using the 2008 version of the admin tools (ADSS reports version 6.1.7601.17514) so I'm wondering if maybe my 2003 R2 Active Directory schema doesn't support configuring IPv6 subnets in ADSS. Is this true? UPDATE Even with 2008 R2 schema in Active Directory, I'm having the same problem. How can I get my IPv6 subnets into Sites and Services?

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• sysbench memory test on ec2 small instance

  - by caribio

  I'm seeing a problem with sysbench memory test (the default version that's compiled in). This is on Ubuntu Maverick, sysbench installed via apt-get install sysbench. Running the same thing on Ubuntu @ Rackspace worked just as expected. While the CPU and I/O tests worked fine on EC2 servers, the memory test just runs without doing anything (notice the 0M in the test results). The instance used was the publicly available 'stock' Ubuntu image with no changes to it: ./ec2-run-instances ami-ccf405a5 --instance-type m1.small --region us-east-1 --key mykey Supplying more arguments (such as: --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=102400M) didn't help. What am I doing wrong? Thanks. sysbench --num-threads=4 --test=memory run sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 4 Doing memory operations speed test Memory block size: 1K Memory transfer size: 0M Memory operations type: write Memory scope type: global Threads started! Done. Operations performed: 0 ( 0.00 ops/sec) 0.00 MB transferred (0.00 MB/sec) Test execution summary: total time: 0.0003s total number of events: 0 total time taken by event execution: 0.0000 per-request statistics: min: 18446744073709.55ms avg: 0.00ms max: 0.00ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 0.0000/0.00 execution time (avg/stddev): 0.0000/0.00

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• Caching all files in varnish

  - by csgwro

  I want my varnish servers to cache all files. At backend there is lighttpd hosting only static files, and there is an md5 in the url in case of file change, ex. /gfx/Bird.b6e0bc2d6cbb7dfe1a52bc45dd2b05c4.swf). However my hit ratio is very poorly (about 0.18) My config: sub vcl_recv { set req.backend=default; ### passing health to backend if (req.url ~ "^/health.html$") { return (pass); } remove req.http.If-None-Match; remove req.http.cookie; remove req.http.authenticate; if (req.request == "GET") { return (lookup); } } sub vcl_fetch { ### do not cache wrong codes if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status >= 500) { set beresp.ttl = 0s; } remove beresp.http.Etag; remove beresp.http.Last-Modified; } sub vcl_deliver { set resp.http.expires = "Thu, 31 Dec 2037 23:55:55 GMT"; } I have made an performance tuning: DAEMON_OPTS="${DAEMON_OPTS} -p thread_pool_min=200 -p thread_pool_max=4000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p session_linger=100" The main url which is missed is... /health.html. Is that forward to backend correctly configured? Disabling health checking hit ratio increases to 0.45. Now mostly "/crossdomain.xml" is missed (from many domains, as it is wildcard). How can I avoid that? Should I carry on other headers like User-Agent or Accept-Encoding? I thing that default hashing mechanism is using url + host/IP. Compression is used at the backend. What else can improve performance?

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• Licensing SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services w/ SharePoint 2010

  - by Evan M.

  Here's my situation: I have 1 VM that is running SharePoint 2010 SP1. I have a different physical server that is running SQL Server 2008 R2 that hosts all the configuration and content database for SharePoint. Now, we want to start providing BI capabilities to our users with SharePoint and SQL Server. With it's new features, 2012 is the obvious way to go. To support this, I'm looking to build a new VM that will have SQL Server 2012 installed w/ Analysis services and SSIS, which will be the platform that gets our data from our Oracle databases, puts it in a warehouse hosted by the SQL 2012 instance, and is put into cubes. What's getting me about the platform is licensing for Reporting Services and PowerPivot. My plan was to install SSRS and PowerPivot on the current SharePoint server. But my understanding of the licensing means that instead of the new SQL server being licensed, I'd have to license both new server, and the SharePoint server. Conversely, I could install SharePoint onto the SQL server, and only have to get a second SP license, but then I'd have the added complexity of deploying a separated application server, and combines my data and application servers. Is my licensing understanding correct, or can I have SSRS and PowerPivot installed separately without incurring additional licensing costs?

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• use ssh tunnel with phpmyadmin

  - by JohnMerlino

  I been using ssh tunnel to bypass firewall of remote mysql server. On my Ubuntu 12.04 installation, it works via the terminal and it works when using a program called mysql workbench. However, that program freezes often and I want to try phpmyadmin as an alternative. However, I cannot connect to remote server using ssh tunnel on phpmyadmin, albeit I can connect locally. These are the steps I've tried: 1) Open a tunnel, listening on localhost:3307 and forwarding everything to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3306 (used 3307 because MySQL on my local machine uses the default port 3306): ssh -L 3307:localhost:3306 [email protected] So now I have the port for tunnel open and I have my local mysql installation default port: $ netstat -tln Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN ... 2) Now I can easily connect to remote server via localhost using the terminal: $ mysql -u user.name -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307 Notice that I expicitly identify 3307 as the port, so traffic forwards to the remote server, and hence it logs me in to the remote server. Unfortunately, the localhost/phpmyadmin local login interface doesn't allow you to specify a port option. So I modify the config-db.php file and change the $dbport variable to 3307, under the impression that the phpmyadmin interface will now work with port 3307: $ sudo vim /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php $dbport='3307'; Then I restart the mysql server. Unfortunately, it didn't work. When I use the remote credentials to login, it gives me error: #1045 Cannot log in to the MySQL server

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• How Do I Use Multiple Versions of OpenSSL ... One for Apache and one for PHP

  - by Ken S.

  I have an Apache 2.2 (self-compiled version) server that is getting dinged during a PCI scan because it does not support TLS 1.1 or 1.2 ciphers. After some digging I found that the installed version of OpenSSL (0.9.8e) does not contain the newest TLS ciphers. So I went and downloaded and compiled the latest version of OpenSSL (1.0.1c) and have it installed in an alternate location within /opt so it wouldn't interfere with the installed version. What I would like to do is to compile Apache against the 1.0.1 libraries and keep the system-installed libraries for use with PHP, cURL, openssh, etc. I'm hoping that doing it this way will allow Apache to use the newest TLS but not break anything with any other programs that require the old libraries. I thought I could do this by adding an entry in to /etc/ld.so.conf that pointed to the new libraries, but I think this will conflict with the existing ones. i.e. two references to libcrypto could cause everything to have issues. The main reason for doing this is because of issues with PHP cURLing to external servers and having issues with the latest OpenSSL libs thus requiring edits to our PHP code. Would love some guidance on how best to accomplish this.

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• How do you backup your own files? [on hold]

  - by Antonis Christofides

  I'm a system administrator and I use rsnapshot to backup some servers, duplicity for some others. Both work fine, each one with advantages and disadvantages. Despite that, I am at a loss on how to backup my own private files. I'd use duplicity to automatically backup my files to a remote server; but the problem is that once in a while I must do a full backup. My emails and important files are 9G, and I expect this to increase. Uploading through aDSL at 1Mbit would be 20 hours. Too much. rsnapshot doesn't require periodic full backups (only the first time), but it must be running on the remote server and have a means to connect to my computer; if the server is compromised (or simply if the NSA decides to use it), my own machine is also compromised. Not good. The only solution I've come up with is use encfs, use unison to synchronize the files to a remote server, and use duplicity or rsnapshot on the remote server to backup these files. In that case, the question is whether I can sync the files on many computers; is it possible for encfs to be used with the same key on many computers? I also think that if I append one character to the unencrypted file, its encrypted encfs counterpart might change a lot, so that incrementals with duplicity would be less efficient—but not a big deal. Maybe also, when I need to restore a file, finding the correct file to restore could be a pain, because of filename encryption. I wonder whether there is any other possibility that I've overlooked. Maybe I'm asking too much for my personal use, and I should settle with an external disk?

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• Are there any viable DNS or LDAP alternatives for distributed key/value storage and retrieval?

  - by makerofthings7

  I'm working on a software app that needs distributed decentralized name resolution, and isn't bound to TCP/IP. Or more precisely, I need to store a "key" and look up it's value, and the key may be a string, a number, or any other realistic data type. Examples: With a phone number, look up a name. (or with an area code, redirect to the server that handles that exchange) With an IP Address get a DNS name, or a Whois contact (string value) With a string, get an IP, ( like a DNS TXT or SRV record). I'm thinking out of the box here and looking for any software that allows for this. (more info below) Are there any secure, scalable DNS alternatives that have gained notoriety? I could ask on StackOverflow, but think the infrastructure groups would have better insight on this. Edit More info: I'm looking at "Namecoin" the DNS version of Bitcoin, and since that project is faltering, I'm looking at alternative ways to store name-value pairs, with an optional qualifier. I think a name value pair is of global interest is useful, but on a limited scale. Namecoin tried to be too much, and ended up becoming nothing. I'm trying to solve that problem in researching alternatives and applying distributed technologies where applicable. Bitcoin/Namecoin offers a Distributed Hash Table, which has some positive aspects, but not useful for DNS, except for root servers.

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• Where do these mysterious DNS lookups come from and why are they slow?

  - by Hongli

  I have recently obtained a new dedicated server which I'm now setting up. It's running on 64-bit Debian 6.0. I have cloned a fairly large git repository (177 MB including working files) onto this server. Switching to a different branch is very very slow. On my laptop it takes 1-2 seconds, on this server it can take half a minute. After some investigation it turns out to be some kind of DNS timeout. Here's an exhibit from strace -s 128 git checkout release: stat("/etc/resolv.conf", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=132, ...}) = 0 socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_IP) = 5 connect(5, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("213.133.99.99")}, 16) = 0 poll([{fd=5, events=POLLOUT}], 1, 0) = 1 ([{fd=5, revents=POLLOUT}]) sendto(5, "\235\333\1\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\35Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal\n\17happyponies\3com\0\0\1\0\1", 67, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 67 poll([{fd=5, events=POLLIN}], 1, 5000) = 0 (Timeout) This snippet repeats several times per 'git checkout' call. My server's hostname was originally Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal. I had changed it to shell.happyponies.com by running hostname shell.happyponies.com, editing /etc/hostname and rebooting the server. I don't understand the DNS protocol, but it looks like Git is trying to lookup the IP for Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal as well as for happyponies.com. Why does Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal come back even though I've already changed the host name? Why does Git perform DNS lookups at all? Why are these lookups so slow? I've already verified that all DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf are up and responding slowly, yet Git's own lookups time out. Changing the host name back to Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal seems to fix the slowness. Basically I just want to fix whatever DNS issues my server has because I'm sure they will cause more problems that just slowing down git checkout. But I'm not sure sure what the problem exactly is and what these symptoms mean.

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• Customer site is out of IP addresses, they want to go from /24 to /12 netmask... Bad idea?

  - by ewwhite

  One of my client sites called to ask me to change the subnet masks of the Linux servers I manage there while they re-IP/change the netmask of their network based on a 10.0.0.x scheme. "Can you change the server netmasks from 255.255.255.0 to 255.240.0.0?" You mean, 255.255.240.0? "No, 255.240.0.0." Are you sure you need that many IP addresses? "Yeah, we never want to run out of IP addresses." A quick check against the Subnet Cheat Sheet shows: a 255.255.255.0 netmask, a /24 provides 256 hosts. It's clear to see that an organization can exhaust that number of IP addresses. a 255.240.0.0 netmask, a /12 provides 1,048,576 hosts. This is a small < 200-user site. I doubt that they'd allocate more than 400 IP addresses. I suggested something that provides fewer hosts, like a /22 or /21 (1024 and 2048 hosts, respectively), but was unable to give a specific reason against using the /12 subnet. Is there anything this customer should be concerned about? Are there any specific reasons they shouldn't use such an incredibly large mask in their environment?

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