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• C++ is it possible to set an object to null?

  - by John

  Further in my code, I check to see check if an object is null/empty. Is there a way to set an object to null?

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• Looping through a SimpleXML object, or turning the whole thing into an array.

  - by Coffee Cup

  I'm trying to work out how to iterate though a returned SimpleXML object. I'm using a toolkit called Tarzan AWS, which connects to Amazon Web Services (SimpleDB, S3, EC2, etc). I'm specifically using SimpleDB. I can put data into the Amazon SimpleDB service, and I can get it back. I just don't know how to handle the SimpleXML object that is returned. The Tarzan AWS documentation says this: Look at the response to navigate through the headers and body of the response. Note that this is an object, not an array, and that the body is a SimpleXML object. Here's a sample of the returned SimpleXML object: [body] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [QueryWithAttributesResult] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Item] = Array ( [0] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = message12413344443260 [Attribute] = Array ( [0] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = active [Value] = 1 ) [1] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = user [Value] = john ) [2] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = message [Value] = This is a message. ) [3] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = time [Value] = 1241334444 ) [4] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = id [Value] = 12413344443260 ) [5] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = ip [Value] = 10.10.10.1 ) ) ) [1] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = message12413346907303 [Attribute] = Array ( [0] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = active [Value] = 1 ) [1] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = user [Value] = fred ) [2] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = message [Value] = This is another message ) [3] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = time [Value] = 1241334690 ) [4] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = id [Value] = 12413346907303 ) [5] = SimpleXMLElement Object ( [Name] = ip [Value] = 10.10.10.2 ) ) ) ) So what code do I need to get through each of the object items? I'd like to loop through each of them and handle it like a returned mySQL query. For example, I can query SimpleDB and then loop though the SimpleXML so I can display the results on the page. Alternatively, how do you turn the whole shebang into an array? I'm new to SimpleXML, so I apologise if my questions aren't specific enough.

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• C# using the "this" keyword in this situation?

  - by Alex

  Hi, I've completed a OOP course assignment where I design and code a Complex Number class. For extra credit, I can do the following: Add two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When adding two complex numbers, the real part of the calling object is added to the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter, and the imaginary part of the calling object is added to the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter. Subtract two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When subtracting two complex numbers, the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the real part of the calling object, and the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the imaginary part of the calling object. I have coded this up, and I used the this keyword to denote the current instance of the class, the code for my add method is below, and my subtract method looks similar: public ComplexNumber Add(ComplexNumber c) { double realPartAdder = c.GetRealPart(); double complexPartAdder = c.GetComplexPart(); double realPartCaller = this.GetRealPart(); double complexPartCaller = this.GetComplexPart(); double finalRealPart = realPartCaller + realPartAdder; double finalComplexPart = complexPartCaller + complexPartAdder; ComplexNumber summedComplex = new ComplexNumber(finalRealPart, finalComplexPart); return summedComplex; } My question is: Did I do this correctly and with good style? (using the this keyword)?

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• jQuery accessing objects

  - by user1275268

  I'm trying to access the values of an object from a function I created with a callback, but have run into some trouble. I'm still fairly new at jQuery/javascript. I call the function as follows: siteDeps(id,function(data){ $.each(data,function(key,val) { console.log(key); console.log(val); }); }); The function runs 5 ajax queries from XML data and returns data as an multidimensional object; here is a excerpt showing the meat of it: function siteDeps(id,callback) { var result = { sitecontactid : {}, siteaddressid : {}, sitephoneid : {}, contactaddressid : {}, contactphoneid : {} }; ...//.... var url5 = decodeURIComponent("sql2xml.php?query=xxxxxxxxxxx"); $.get(url5, function(data){ $(data).find('ID').each(function(i){ result.delsitephoneid[i] = $(this).text(); }); }); callback(result); } The console.log output shows this: sitecontactid Object 0: "2" 1: "3" __proto__: Object siteaddressid Object 0: "1" __proto__: Object sitephoneid Object 0: "1" 1: "5" 2: "54" __proto__: Object contactaddressid Object 0: "80" __proto__: Object contactphoneid Object 0: "6" __proto__: Object How can I extract the callback data in a format I can use, for instance sitephoneid: "1","5","54" Or is there a better/simpler way to do this? Thanks in advance.

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• Can static methods be called using object/instance in .NET

  Ans is Yes and No   Yes in C++, Java and VB.NET No in C#   This is only compiler restriction in c#. You might see in some websites that we can break this restriction using reflection and delegates, but we can’t, according to my little research J I shall try to explain you…   Following is code sample to break this rule using reflection, it seems that it is possible to call a static method using an object, p1 using System; namespace T {     class Program     {         static void Main()         {             var p1 = new Person() { Name = "Smith" };             typeof(Person).GetMethod("TestStatMethod").Invoke(p1, new object[] { });                     }         class Person         {             public string Name { get; set; }             public static void TestStatMethod()             {                 Console.WriteLine("Hello");             }         }     } } but I do not think so this method is being called using p1 rather Type Name “Person”. I shall try to prove this… look at another example…  Test2 has been inherited from Test1. Let’s see various scenarios… Scenario1 using System; namespace T {     class Program     {         static void Main()         {             Test1 t = new Test1();            typeof(Test2).GetMethod("Method1").Invoke(t,                                  new object[] { });         }     }     class Test1     {         public static void Method1()         {             Console.WriteLine("At test1::Method1");         }     }       class Test2 : Test1     {         public static void Method1()         {             Console.WriteLine("At test1::Method2");         }     } } Output:   At test1::Method2 Scenario2         static void Main()         {             Test2 t = new Test2();            typeof(Test2).GetMethod("Method1").Invoke(t,                                          new object[] { });         }   Output:   At test1::Method2   Scenario3         static void Main()         {             Test1 t = new Test2();            typeof(Test2).GetMethod("Method1").Invoke(t,                             new object[] { });         }   Output: At test1::Method2 In all above scenarios output is same, that means, Reflection also not considering the object what you pass to Invoke method in case of static methods. It is always considering the type which you specify in typeof(). So, what is the use passing instance to “Invoke”. Let see below sample using System; namespace T {     class Program     {         static void Main()         {            typeof(Test2).GetMethod("Method1").                Invoke(null, new object[] { });         }     }       class Test1     {         public static void Method1()         {             Console.WriteLine("At test1::Method1");         }     }     class Test2 : Test1     {         public static void Method1()         {             Console.WriteLine("At test1::Method2");         }     } }   Output is   At test1::Method2   I was able to call Invoke “Method1” of Test2 without any object.  Yes, there no wonder here as Method1 is static. So we may conclude that static methods cannot be called using instances (only in c#) Why Microsoft has restricted it in C#? Ans: Really there Is no use calling static methods using objects because static methods are stateless. but still Java and C++ latest compilers allow calling static methods using instances. Java sample class Test {      public static void main(String str[])      {            Person p = new Person();            System.out.println(p.GetCount());      } }   class Person {   public static int GetCount()   {      return 100;   } }   Output          100 span.fullpost {display:none;}

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• Unity3d: calculate the result of a transform without modifying transform object itself

  - by Heisenbug

  I'm in the following situation: I need to move an object in some way, basically rotating it around its parent local position, or translating it in its parent local space (I know how to do this). The amount of rotation and translation is know at runtime (it depends on several factors, the speed of the object, enviroment factors, etc..). The problem is the following: I can perform this transformation only if the result position of the transformed object fit some criterias. An example could be this: the distance between the position before and after the transformation must be less than a given threshold. (Actually the conditions could be several and more complex) The problem is that if I use Transform.Rotate and Transform.Translate methods of my GameObject, I will loose the original Transform values. I think I can't copy the original Transform using instantiate for performance issues. How can I perform such a task? I think I have more or less 2 possibilities: First Don't modify the GameObject position through Transform. Calculate which will be the position after the transform. If the position is legal, modify transform through Translate and Rotate methods Second Store the original transform someway. Transform the object using Translate and Rotate. If the transformed position is illegal, restore the original one.

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• How to write constructors which might fail to properly instantiate an object

  - by whitman

  Sometimes you need to write a constructor which can fail. For instance, say I want to instantiate an object with a file path, something like obj = new Object("/home/user/foo_file") As long as the path points to an appropriate file everything's fine. But if the string is not a valid path things should break. But how? You could: 1. throw an exception 2. return null object (if your programming language allows constructors to return values) 3. return a valid object but with a flag indicating that its path wasn't set properly (ugh) 4. others? I assume that the "best practices" of various programming languages would implement this differently. For instance I think ObjC prefers (2). But (2) would be impossible to implement in C++ where constructors must have void as a return type. In that case I take it that (1) is used. In your programming language of choice can you show how you'd handle this problem and explain why?

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• Object pools for efficient resource management

  - by GameDevEnthusiast

  How can I avoid using default new() to create each object? My previous demo had very unpleasant framerate hiccups during dynamic memory allocations (usually, when arrays are resized), and creating lots of small objects which often contain one pointer to some DirectX resource seems like an awful lot of waste. I'm thinking about: Creating a master look-up table to refer to objects by handles (for safety & ease of serialization), much like EntityList in source engine Creating a templated object pool, which will store items contiguously (more cache-friendly, fast iteration, etc.) and the stored elements will be accessed (by external systems) via the global lookup table. The object pool will use the swap-with-last trick for fast removal (it will invoke the object's ~destructor first) and will update the corresponding indices in the global table accordingly (when growing/shrinking/moving elements). The elements will be copied via plain memcpy(). Is it a good idea? Will it be safe to store objects of non-POD types (e.g. pointers, vtable) in such containers? Related post: Dynamic Memory Allocation and Memory Management

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• Scrolling though objects then creating a new instace of this object

  - by gopgop

  In my game when pressing the right mouse button you will place an object on the ground. all objects have the same super class (GameObject). I have a field called selected and will be equal to one certain gameobject at a time. when clicking the right mouse button it checks whats the instance of selected and that how it determines which object to place on the ground. code exapmle: t is the "slot" for which the object will go to. if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { t = new MapleTree(game,highLight); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { t = new OakTree(game,highLight); } Now it has to be a "new" instance of the object. Eventually my game will have hundreds of GameObjects and I don't want to have a huge if else statement. How would I make it so it scrolls though the possible kinds of objects and if its the correct type then create a new instance of it...? When pressing E it will switch the type of selected and is an if else statement as well. How would I do it for this too? here is a code example: if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { selected = new OakTree(game); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { selected = new MapleTree(game); }

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• Draw contour around object in Opengl

  - by Maciekp

  I need to draw contour around 2d objects in 3d space. I tried drawing lines around object(+points to fill the gap), but due to line width, some part of it(~50%) was covering object. I tried to use stencil buffer, to eliminate this problem, but I got sth like this(contour is green): http://goo.gl/OI5uc (sorry I can't post images, due to my reputation) You can see(where arrow points), that some parts of line are behind object, and some are above. This changes when I move camera, but always there is some part, that is covering it. Here is code, that I use for drawing object: glColorMask(1,1,1,1); std::list<CObjectOnScene*>::iterator objIter=ptr->objects.begin(),objEnd=ptr->objects.end(); int countStencilBit=1; while(objIter!=objEnd) { glColorMask(1,1,1,1); glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE ); (*objIter)->DrawYourVertices(); glStencilFunc(GL_NOTEQUAL,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE); (*objIter)->DrawYourBorder(); ++objIter; ++countStencilBit; } I've tried different settings of stencil buffer, but always I was getting sth like that. Here is question: 1.Am I setting stencil buffer wrong? 2. Are there any other simple ways to create contour on such objects? Thanks in advance.

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• [EF + Oracle]Object Context

  - by JTorrecilla

  Prologue After EF episodes I and II, we are going to see the Object Context. What is Object Context? It is a class which manages the DB connection, and the different Entities of our model. When Visual Studio creates the EF model, like I explain previously, also generates a Class that extends ObjectContext. ObjectContext provides: - DB connection - Add, update and delete functions. - Object Sets of Entities. - State of Pending Changes. This class will give a function, for each Entity, like  Esta clase va a contar con una función, para cada entidad, del tipo “AddTo{ENTITY}({Entity_Type } value)”, which are going to add a Entity to the related ObjectSet. In addition, it has a property, for each Entity, like “ObjectSet<TEntity> Entity”, does will keep the related record set. It will be filled with the CreateObjectSet<TEntity> function of Base class (ObjectContext). What is an ObjectSet? It is a class that allows us to manage the Entity Set from a Type. It inherits from: · ObjectQuery<TEntity> · IObjectSet<TEntity> · IQueryAble<TEntity · IEnumerable<TEntity · IQueryAble · IEnumerable An ObjectSet is a class property that allows query, insert, delete and update records from a determinate Entity. In following chapters we will see how to query Entities. LazyLoadingEnabled A very important property of the Context is “LazyLoadingEnabled”. This Boolean property lets indicate if the data loading is lazy, in other words, the Object will not be created and query until not be needed. Finally In this post we have seen what the VS generated context is, some of the characteristics, and where to see Entity data. In next chapters we will see, CRUD operations, and how to query ObjectSets.

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• Named query not known error trying to call a stored proc using Fluent NHibernate

  - by Hamman359

  I'm working on setting up NHibernate for a project and I have a few queries that, due to their complexity, we will be leaving as stored procedures. I'd like to be able to use NHibernate to call the sprocs, but have run into an error I can't figure out. Since I'm using Fluent NHibernate I'm using mixed mode mapping as recommended here. However, when I run the app I get a "Named query not known: AccountsGetSingle" exception and I can't figure out why. I think I might have a problem with my HBM mapping since I'm not very familiar with using them but I'm not sure. My NHibernate configuration code is: private ISessionFactory CreateSessionFactory() { return Fluently.Configure() .Database(MsSqlConfiguration.MsSql2005 .ConnectionString((conn => conn.FromConnectionStringWithKey("CIDB"))) .ShowSql()) .Mappings(m => { m.HbmMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<Account>(); m.FluentMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<Account>(); }) .BuildSessionFactory(); } My hbm.xml file is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"> <sql-query name="AccountsGetSingle"> <return alias="Account" class="Core, Account"></return> exec AccountsGetSingle </sql-query> </hibernate-mapping> And the code where I am calling the sproc looks like this: public Account Get() { return _conversation.Session .GetNamedQuery("AccountsGetSingle") .UniqueResult<Account>(); } Any thoughts or ideas would be appreciated. Thanks.

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• NHibernate SubclassMap gives DuplicateMappingException

  - by stiank81

  I'm using NHibernate to handle my database - with Fluent configuration. I'm not using Automappings. All mappings are written explicitly, and everything is working just fine. Now I wanted to add my first mapping to a subclass, using the SubclassMap, and I run into problems. With the simplest possible setup an Nhibernate DuplicateMappingException is thrown, saying that the subclass is mapped more than once: NHibernate.MappingException : Could not compile the mapping document: (XmlDocument) ---- NHibernate.DuplicateMappingException : Duplicate class/entity mapping MyNamespace.SubPerson I get this with my simple classes written for testing: public class Person { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } public class SubPerson : Person { public string Foo { get; set; } } With the following mappings: public class PersonMapping : ClassMap<Person> { public PersonMapping() { Not.LazyLoad(); Id(c => c.Id); Map(c => c.Name); } } public class SubPersonMapping : SubclassMap<SubPerson> { public SubPersonMapping() { Not.LazyLoad(); Map(m => m.Foo); } } Any idea why this is happening? If there were automappings involved I guess it might have been caused by the automappings adding a mapping too, but there should be no automapping. I create my database specifying a fluent mapping: private static ISession CreateSession() { var cfg = Fluently.Configure(). Database(SQLiteConfiguration.Standard.ShowSql().UsingFile("unit_test.db")). Mappings(m => m.FluentMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<SomeClassInTheAssemblyContainingAllMappings>()); var sessionSource = new SessionSource(cfg.BuildConfiguration().Properties, new TestModel()); var session = sessionSource.CreateSession(); _sessionSource.BuildSchema(session); return session; } Again; note that this only happens with SubclassMap. ClassMap's are working just fine!

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• Fluent nhibernate: Enum in composite key gets mapped to int when I need string

  - by Quintin Par

  By default the behaviour of FNH is to map enums to its string in the db. But while mapping an enum as part of a composite key, the property gets mapped as int. e.g. in this case public class Address : Entity { public Address() { } public virtual AddressType Type { get; set; } public virtual User User { get; set; } Where AddresType is of public enum AddressType { PRESENT, COMPANY, PERMANENT } The FNH mapping is as mapping.CompositeId().KeyReference(x => x.User, "user_id").KeyProperty(x => x.Type); the schema creation of this mapping results in create table address ( Type INTEGER not null, user_id VARCHAR(25) not null, and the hbm as <composite-id mapped="true" unsaved-value="undefined"> <key-property name="Type" type="Company.Core.AddressType, Company.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"> <column name="Type" /> </key-property> <key-many-to-one name="User" class="Company.Core.CompanyUser, Company.Core, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"> <column name="user_id" /> </key-many-to-one> </composite-id> Where the AddressType should have be generated as type="FluentNHibernate.Mapping.GenericEnumMapper`1[[Company.Core.AddressType, How do I instruct FNH to mappit as the default string enum generic mapper?

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• nhibernate fatal error

  - by Afif Lamloumi

  i have an error ( System.InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'AccountProxy' to type 'System.String'.) when i did this code i mapped the tables( Account,AccountString,EventData,...) of the the database opengts ( open source) i have this error when i called a function from EventData.cs IQuery query = session.CreateQuery("FROM Eventdata"); IList pets = query.List(); return pets; the Stack Trace: [InvalidCastException: Impossible d'effectuer un cast d'un objet de type 'AccountProxy' en type 'System.String'.] (Object , Object[] , SetterCallback ) +431 NHibernate.Bytecode.Lightweight.AccessOptimizer.SetPropertyValues(Object target, Object[] values) +20 NHibernate.Tuple.Component.PocoComponentTuplizer.SetPropertyValues(Object component, Object[] values) +49 NHibernate.Type.ComponentType.SetPropertyValues(Object component, Object[] values, EntityMode entityMode) +34 NHibernate.Type.ComponentType.ResolveIdentifier(Object value, ISessionImplementor session, Object owner) +150 NHibernate.Type.ComponentType.NullSafeGet(IDataReader rs, String[] names, ISessionImplementor session, Object owner) +42 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.GetKeyFromResultSet(Int32 i, IEntityPersister persister, Object id, IDataReader rs, ISessionImplementor session) +93 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.GetRowFromResultSet(IDataReader resultSet, ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, LockMode[] lockModeArray, EntityKey optionalObjectKey, IList hydratedObjects, EntityKey[] keys, Boolean returnProxies) +92 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoQuery(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, Boolean returnProxies) +675 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, Boolean returnProxies) +129 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoList(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) +116 [GenericADOException: could not execute query [ select eventdata0_.deviceID as deviceID5_, eventdata0_.timestamp as timestamp5_, eventdata0_.statusCode as statusCode5_, eventdata0_.accountID as accountID5_, eventdata0_.latitude as latitude5_, eventdata0_.longitude as longitude5_, eventdata0_.gpsAge as gpsAge5_, eventdata0_.speedKPH as speedKPH5_, eventdata0_.heading as heading5_, eventdata0_.altitude as altitude5_, eventdata0_.transportID as transpo11_5_, eventdata0_.inputMask as inputMask5_, eventdata0_.outputMask as outputMask5_, eventdata0_.address as address5_, eventdata0_.DataSource as DataSource5_, eventdata0_.rawdata as rawdata5_, eventdata0_.distanceKM as distanceKM5_, eventdata0_.odometerKM as odometerKM5_, eventdata0_.geozoneIndex as geozone19_5_, eventdata0_.geozoneID as geozoneID5_, eventdata0_.creationTime as creatio21_5_ from eventdata eventdata0_ ] [SQL: select eventdata0_.deviceID as deviceID5_, eventdata0_.timestamp as timestamp5_, eventdata0_.statusCode as statusCode5_, eventdata0_.accountID as accountID5_, eventdata0_.latitude as latitude5_, eventdata0_.longitude as longitude5_, eventdata0_.gpsAge as gpsAge5_, eventdata0_.speedKPH as speedKPH5_, eventdata0_.heading as heading5_, eventdata0_.altitude as altitude5_, eventdata0_.transportID as transpo11_5_, eventdata0_.inputMask as inputMask5_, eventdata0_.outputMask as outputMask5_, eventdata0_.address as address5_, eventdata0_.DataSource as DataSource5_, eventdata0_.rawdata as rawdata5_, eventdata0_.distanceKM as distanceKM5_, eventdata0_.odometerKM as odometerKM5_, eventdata0_.geozoneIndex as geozone19_5_, eventdata0_.geozoneID as geozoneID5_, eventdata0_.creationTime as creatio21_5_ from eventdata eventdata0_]] NHibernate.Loader.Loader.DoList(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) +213 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.ListIgnoreQueryCache(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) +18 NHibernate.Loader.Loader.List(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters, ISet`1 querySpaces, IType[] resultTypes) +79 NHibernate.Hql.Ast.ANTLR.Loader.QueryLoader.List(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) +51 NHibernate.Hql.Ast.ANTLR.QueryTranslatorImpl.List(ISessionImplementor session, QueryParameters queryParameters) +231 NHibernate.Engine.Query.HQLQueryPlan.PerformList(QueryParameters queryParameters, ISessionImplementor session, IList results) +369 NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl.List(String query, QueryParameters queryParameters, IList results) +317 NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl.List(String query, QueryParameters parameters) +282 NHibernate.Impl.QueryImpl.List() +163 DATA1.EventdataExtensions.GetEventdata() in C:\Users\HP\Desktop\our_project\DATA1\Queries\Eventdata.cs:33 MvcApplication7.Controllers.HistoriqueController.Index() in C:\Users\HP\Desktop\our_project\MvcApplication7\Controllers\HistoriqueController.cs:17 lambda_method(Closure , ControllerBase , Object[] ) +62 System.Web.Mvc.ActionMethodDispatcher.Execute(ControllerBase controller, Object[] parameters) +17 System.Web.Mvc.ReflectedActionDescriptor.Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext, IDictionary`2 parameters) +208 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary`2 parameters) +27 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClass15.<InvokeActionMethodWithFilters>b__12() +55 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionMethodFilter(IActionFilter filter, ActionExecutingContext preContext, Func`1 continuation) +263 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClass17.<InvokeActionMethodWithFilters>b__14() +19 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionMethodWithFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, IList`1 filters, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary`2 parameters) +191 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName) +343 System.Web.Mvc.Controller.ExecuteCore() +116 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +97 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.System.Web.Mvc.IController.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +10 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClassb.<BeginProcessRequest>b__5() +37 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass1.<MakeVoidDelegate>b__0() +21 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass8`1.<BeginSynchronous>b__7(IAsyncResult _) +12 System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult`1.End() +62 System.Web.Mvc.<>c__DisplayClasse.<EndProcessRequest>b__d() +50 System.Web.Mvc.SecurityUtil.<GetCallInAppTrustThunk>b__0(Action f) +7 System.Web.Mvc.SecurityUtil.ProcessInApplicationTrust(Action action) +22 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +60 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) +9 System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +8841105 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +184 Any suggestions? how can correct this error Data entity class (outtake from comment): public class MyClass { public virtual string DeviceID { get; set; } public virtual int Timestamp { get; set; } public virtual string Account { get; set; } public virtual int StatusCode { get; set; } public virtual double Latitude { get; set; } public virtual double Longitude { get; set; } public virtual int GpsAge { get; set; } public virtual double SpeedKPH { get; set; } public virtual double Heading { get; set; } public override bool Equals(object obj) { return true; } public override int GetHashCode() { return 0; } }

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• using onDelete with Doctrine 2

  - by tamir

  I can't get the onDelete to work in Doctrine2 (with YAML Mapping). I tried this relation in my Product class: oneToOne: category: targetEntity: Category onDelete: CASCADE But that doesn't work.. EDIT: I've set the ON DELETE: CASCADE manually in the database imported the YAML mapping with doctrine:mapping:import, emptied the database updated it from the schema with doctrine:schema:update and got no ON DELETE in the foreign key.. so looks like even Doctrine doesn't know how to do it lol..

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• How do i generate hubernate models for java dotCMS plugins

  - by shuxer

  Hi I am trying to create a plugin for dotCMS. My plugin stores data in database. i defined hibernate mapping file and put in my plugin folder's conf dir and i have no idea how to hibernate generate models based my mapping definition. I am using hello world plugin's mapping file for mysql Any help or comment would be highly appreciated Thanks in advance

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• NHibernate: Dynamically swapping a single domain model between multiple physical data models

  - by Nigel

  Hi In this article Ayende describes how to map a single domain model to multiple physical data models. Is it possible to extend this principle such that the mapping can chosen dynamically? So for example, imagine we had an entity that could be written to the same physical schema in three ways depending on its current status, and lets assume that regardless of status each entity had a unique identifier. One solution would be to represent the entity in its different states with three separate classes: one for each mapping. Then the entity could be loaded and in order to change its state the entity could be mapped to a class representing one of its other states and then saved back to the schema, making use of a different mapping. I was wondering if it is at all possible to have the same entity represented by one class that held a status flag (kind of like a discriminator), and any save to the schema would choose the appropriate mapping based on the value of the status flag. Hopefully that made sense! Many thanks.

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• How to find unmapped properties in a NHibernate mapped class?

  - by haarrrgh

  I just had a NHibernate related problem where I forgot to map one property of a class. A very simplified example: public class MyClass { public virtual int ID { get; set; } public virtual string SomeText { get; set; } public virtual int SomeNumber { get; set; } } ...and the mapping file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly="MyAssembly" namespace="MyAssembly.MyNamespace"> <class name="MyClass" table="SomeTable"> <property name="ID" /> <property name="SomeText" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping> In this simple example, you can see the problem at once: there is a property named "SomeNumber" in the class, but not in the mapping file. So NHibernate will not map it and it will always be zero. The real class had a lot more properties, so the problem was not as easy to see and it took me quite some time to figure out why SomeNumber always returned zero even though I was 100% sure that the value in the database was != zero. So, here is my question: Is there some simple way to find this out via NHibernate? Like a compiler warning when a class is mapped, but some of its properties are not. Or some query that I can run that shows me unmapped properties in mapped classes...you get the idea. (Plus, it would be nice if I could exclude some legacy columns that I really don't want mapped.)

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• How to find and fix performance problems in ORM powered applications

  - by FransBouma

  Once in a while we get requests about how to fix performance problems with our framework. As it comes down to following the same steps and looking into the same things every single time, I decided to write a blogpost about it instead, so more people can learn from this and solve performance problems in their O/R mapper powered applications. In some parts it's focused on LLBLGen Pro but it's also usable for other O/R mapping frameworks, as the vast majority of performance problems in O/R mapper powered applications are not specific for a certain O/R mapper framework. Too often, the developer looks at the wrong part of the application, trying to fix what isn't a problem in that part, and getting frustrated that 'things are so slow with <insert your favorite framework X here>'. I'm in the O/R mapper business for a long time now (almost 10 years, full time) and as it's a small world, we O/R mapper developers know almost all tricks to pull off by now: we all know what to do to make task ABC faster and what compromises (because there are almost always compromises) to deal with if we decide to make ABC faster that way. Some O/R mapper frameworks are faster in X, others in Y, but you can be sure the difference is mainly a result of a compromise some developers are willing to deal with and others aren't. That's why the O/R mapper frameworks on the market today are different in many ways, even though they all fetch and save entities from and to a database. I'm not suggesting there's no room for improvement in today's O/R mapper frameworks, there always is, but it's not a matter of 'the slowness of the application is caused by the O/R mapper' anymore. Perhaps query generation can be optimized a bit here, row materialization can be optimized a bit there, but it's mainly coming down to milliseconds. Still worth it if you're a framework developer, but it's not much compared to the time spend inside databases and in user code: if a complete fetch takes 40ms or 50ms (from call to entity object collection), it won't make a difference for your application as that 10ms difference won't be noticed. That's why it's very important to find the real locations of the problems so developers can fix them properly and don't get frustrated because their quest to get a fast, performing application failed. Performance tuning basics and rules Finding and fixing performance problems in any application is a strict procedure with four prescribed steps: isolate, analyze, interpret and fix, in that order. It's key that you don't skip a step nor make assumptions: these steps help you find the reason of a problem which seems to be there, and how to fix it or leave it as-is. Skipping a step, or when you assume things will be bad/slow without doing analysis will lead to the path of premature optimization and won't actually solve your problems, only create new ones. The most important rule of finding and fixing performance problems in software is that you have to understand what 'performance problem' actually means. Most developers will say "when a piece of software / code is slow, you have a performance problem". But is that actually the case? If I write a Linq query which will aggregate, group and sort 5 million rows from several tables to produce a resultset of 10 rows, it might take more than a couple of milliseconds before that resultset is ready to be consumed by other logic. If I solely look at the Linq query, the code consuming the resultset of the 10 rows and then look at the time it takes to complete the whole procedure, it will appear to me to be slow: all that time taken to produce and consume 10 rows? But if you look closer, if you analyze and interpret the situation, you'll see it does a tremendous amount of work, and in that light it might even be extremely fast. With every performance problem you encounter, always do realize that what you're trying to solve is perhaps not a technical problem at all, but a perception problem. The second most important rule you have to understand is based on the old saying "Penny wise, Pound Foolish": the part which takes e.g. 5% of the total time T for a given task isn't worth optimizing if you have another part which takes a much larger part of the total time T for that same given task. Optimizing parts which are relatively insignificant for the total time taken is not going to bring you better results overall, even if you totally optimize that part away. This is the core reason why analysis of the complete set of application parts which participate in a given task is key to being successful in solving performance problems: No analysis -> no problem -> no solution. One warning up front: hunting for performance will always include making compromises. Fast software can be made maintainable, but if you want to squeeze as much performance out of your software, you will inevitably be faced with the dilemma of compromising one or more from the group {readability, maintainability, features} for the extra performance you think you'll gain. It's then up to you to decide whether it's worth it. In almost all cases it's not. The reason for this is simple: the vast majority of performance problems can be solved by implementing the proper algorithms, the ones with proven Big O-characteristics so you know the performance you'll get plus you know the algorithm will work. The time taken by the algorithm implementing code is inevitable: you already implemented the best algorithm. You might find some optimizations on the technical level but in general these are minor. Let's look at the four steps to see how they guide us through the quest to find and fix performance problems. Isolate The first thing you need to do is to isolate the areas in your application which are assumed to be slow. For example, if your application is a web application and a given page is taking several seconds or even minutes to load, it's a good candidate to check out. It's important to start with the isolate step because it allows you to focus on a single code path per area with a clear begin and end and ignore the rest. The rest of the steps are taken per identified problematic area. Keep in mind that isolation focuses on tasks in an application, not code snippets. A task is something that's started in your application by either another task or the user, or another program, and has a beginning and an end. You can see a task as a piece of functionality offered by your application.  Analyze Once you've determined the problem areas, you have to perform analysis on the code paths of each area, to see where the performance problems occur and which areas are not the problem. This is a multi-layered effort: an application which uses an O/R mapper typically consists of multiple parts: there's likely some kind of interface (web, webservice, windows etc.), a part which controls the interface and business logic, the O/R mapper part and the RDBMS, all connected with either a network or inter-process connections provided by the OS or other means. Each of these parts, including the connectivity plumbing, eat up a part of the total time it takes to complete a task, e.g. load a webpage with all orders of a given customer X. To understand which parts participate in the task / area we're investigating and how much they contribute to the total time taken to complete the task, analysis of each participating task is essential. Start with the code you wrote which starts the task, analyze the code and track the path it follows through your application. What does the code do along the way, verify whether it's correct or not. Analyze whether you have implemented the right algorithms in your code for this particular area. Remember we're looking at one area at a time, which means we're ignoring all other code paths, just the code path of the current problematic area, from begin to end and back. Don't dig in and start optimizing at the code level just yet. We're just analyzing. If your analysis reveals big architectural stupidity, it's perhaps a good idea to rethink the architecture at this point. For the rest, we're analyzing which means we collect data about what could be wrong, for each participating part of the complete application. Reviewing the code you wrote is a good tool to get deeper understanding of what is going on for a given task but ultimately it lacks precision and overview what really happens: humans aren't good code interpreters, computers are. We therefore need to utilize tools to get deeper understanding about which parts contribute how much time to the total task, triggered by which other parts and for example how many times are they called. There are two different kind of tools which are necessary: .NET profilers and O/R mapper / RDBMS profilers. .NET profiling .NET profilers (e.g. dotTrace by JetBrains or Ants by Red Gate software) show exactly which pieces of code are called, how many times they're called, and the time it took to run that piece of code, at the method level and sometimes even at the line level. The .NET profilers are essential tools for understanding whether the time taken to complete a given task / area in your application is consumed by .NET code, where exactly in your code, the path to that code, how many times that code was called by other code and thus reveals where hotspots are located: the areas where a solution can be found. Importantly, they also reveal which areas can be left alone: remember our penny wise pound foolish saying: if a profiler reveals that a group of methods are fast, or don't contribute much to the total time taken for a given task, ignore them. Even if the code in them is perhaps complex and looks like a candidate for optimization: you can work all day on that, it won't matter.  As we're focusing on a single area of the application, it's best to start profiling right before you actually activate the task/area. Most .NET profilers support this by starting the application without starting the profiling procedure just yet. You navigate to the particular part which is slow, start profiling in the profiler, in your application you perform the actions which are considered slow, and afterwards you get a snapshot in the profiler. The snapshot contains the data collected by the profiler during the slow action, so most data is produced by code in the area to investigate. This is important, because it allows you to stay focused on a single area. O/R mapper and RDBMS profiling .NET profilers give you a good insight in the .NET side of things, but not in the RDBMS side of the application. As this article is about O/R mapper powered applications, we're also looking at databases, and the software making it possible to consume the database in your application: the O/R mapper. To understand which parts of the O/R mapper and database participate how much to the total time taken for task T, we need different tools. There are two kind of tools focusing on O/R mappers and database performance profiling: O/R mapper profilers and RDBMS profilers. For O/R mapper profilers, you can look at LLBLGen Prof by hibernating rhinos or the Linq to Sql/LLBLGen Pro profiler by Huagati. Hibernating rhinos also have profilers for other O/R mappers like NHibernate (NHProf) and Entity Framework (EFProf) and work the same as LLBLGen Prof. For RDBMS profilers, you have to look whether the RDBMS vendor has a profiler. For example for SQL Server, the profiler is shipped with SQL Server, for Oracle it's build into the RDBMS, however there are also 3rd party tools. Which tool you're using isn't really important, what's important is that you get insight in which queries are executed during the task / area we're currently focused on and how long they took. Here, the O/R mapper profilers have an advantage as they collect the time it took to execute the query from the application's perspective so they also collect the time it took to transport data across the network. This is important because a query which returns a massive resultset or a resultset with large blob/clob/ntext/image fields takes more time to get transported across the network than a small resultset and a database profiler doesn't take this into account most of the time. Another tool to use in this case, which is more low level and not all O/R mappers support it (though LLBLGen Pro and NHibernate as well do) is tracing: most O/R mappers offer some form of tracing or logging system which you can use to collect the SQL generated and executed and often also other activity behind the scenes. While tracing can produce a tremendous amount of data in some cases, it also gives insight in what's going on. Interpret After we've completed the analysis step it's time to look at the data we've collected. We've done code reviews to see whether we've done anything stupid and which parts actually take place and if the proper algorithms have been implemented. We've done .NET profiling to see which parts are choke points and how much time they contribute to the total time taken to complete the task we're investigating. We've performed O/R mapper profiling and RDBMS profiling to see which queries were executed during the task, how many queries were generated and executed and how long they took to complete, including network transportation. All this data reveals two things: which parts are big contributors to the total time taken and which parts are irrelevant. Both aspects are very important. The parts which are irrelevant (i.e. don't contribute significantly to the total time taken) can be ignored from now on, we won't look at them. The parts which contribute a lot to the total time taken are important to look at. We now have to first look at the .NET profiler results, to see whether the time taken is consumed in our own code, in .NET framework code, in the O/R mapper itself or somewhere else. For example if most of the time is consumed by DbCommand.ExecuteReader, the time it took to complete the task is depending on the time the data is fetched from the database. If there was just 1 query executed, according to tracing or O/R mapper profilers / RDBMS profilers, check whether that query is optimal, uses indexes or has to deal with a lot of data. Interpret means that you follow the path from begin to end through the data collected and determine where, along the path, the most time is contributed. It also means that you have to check whether this was expected or is totally unexpected. My previous example of the 10 row resultset of a query which groups millions of rows will likely reveal that a long time is spend inside the database and almost no time is spend in the .NET code, meaning the RDBMS part contributes the most to the total time taken, the rest is compared to that time, irrelevant. Considering the vastness of the source data set, it's expected this will take some time. However, does it need tweaking? Perhaps all possible tweaks are already in place. In the interpret step you then have to decide that further action in this area is necessary or not, based on what the analysis results show: if the analysis results were unexpected and in the area where the most time is contributed to the total time taken is room for improvement, action should be taken. If not, you can only accept the situation and move on. In all cases, document your decision together with the analysis you've done. If you decide that the perceived performance problem is actually expected due to the nature of the task performed, it's essential that in the future when someone else looks at the application and starts asking questions you can answer them properly and new analysis is only necessary if situations changed. Fix After interpreting the analysis results you've concluded that some areas need adjustment. This is the fix step: you're actively correcting the performance problem with proper action targeted at the real cause. In many cases related to O/R mapper powered applications it means you'll use different features of the O/R mapper to achieve the same goal, or apply optimizations at the RDBMS level. It could also mean you apply caching inside your application (compromise memory consumption over performance) to avoid unnecessary re-querying data and re-consuming the results. After applying a change, it's key you re-do the analysis and interpretation steps: compare the results and expectations with what you had before, to see whether your actions had any effect or whether it moved the problem to a different part of the application. Don't fall into the trap to do partly analysis: do the full analysis again: .NET profiling and O/R mapper / RDBMS profiling. It might very well be that the changes you've made make one part faster but another part significantly slower, in such a way that the overall problem hasn't changed at all. Performance tuning is dealing with compromises and making choices: to use one feature over the other, to accept a higher memory footprint, to go away from the strict-OO path and execute queries directly onto the RDBMS, these are choices and compromises which will cross your path if you want to fix performance problems with respect to O/R mappers or data-access and databases in general. In most cases it's not a big issue: alternatives are often good choices too and the compromises aren't that hard to deal with. What is important is that you document why you made a choice, a compromise: which analysis data, which interpretation led you to the choice made. This is key for good maintainability in the years to come. Most common performance problems with O/R mappers Below is an incomplete list of common performance problems related to data-access / O/R mappers / RDBMS code. It will help you with fixing the hotspots you found in the interpretation step. SELECT N+1: (Lazy-loading specific). Lazy loading triggered performance bottlenecks. Consider a list of Orders bound to a grid. You have a Field mapped onto a related field in Order, Customer.CompanyName. Showing this column in the grid will make the grid fetch (indirectly) for each row the Customer row. This means you'll get for the single list not 1 query (for the orders) but 1+(the number of orders shown) queries. To solve this: use eager loading using a prefetch path to fetch the customers with the orders. SELECT N+1 is easy to spot with an O/R mapper profiler or RDBMS profiler: if you see a lot of identical queries executed at once, you have this problem. Prefetch paths using many path nodes or sorting, or limiting. Eager loading problem. Prefetch paths can help with performance, but as 1 query is fetched per node, it can be the number of data fetched in a child node is bigger than you think. Also consider that data in every node is merged on the client within the parent. This is fast, but it also can take some time if you fetch massive amounts of entities. If you keep fetches small, you can use tuning parameters like the ParameterizedPrefetchPathThreshold setting to get more optimal queries. Deep inheritance hierarchies of type Target Per Entity/Type. If you use inheritance of type Target per Entity / Type (each type in the inheritance hierarchy is mapped onto its own table/view), fetches will join subtype- and supertype tables in many cases, which can lead to a lot of performance problems if the hierarchy has many types. With this problem, keep inheritance to a minimum if possible, or switch to a hierarchy of type Target Per Hierarchy, which means all entities in the inheritance hierarchy are mapped onto the same table/view. Of course this has its own set of drawbacks, but it's a compromise you might want to take. Fetching massive amounts of data by fetching large lists of entities. LLBLGen Pro supports paging (and limiting the # of rows returned), which is often key to process through large sets of data. Use paging on the RDBMS if possible (so a query is executed which returns only the rows in the page requested). When using paging in a web application, be sure that you switch server-side paging on on the datasourcecontrol used. In this case, paging on the grid alone is not enough: this can lead to fetching a lot of data which is then loaded into the grid and paged there. Keep note that analyzing queries for paging could lead to the false assumption that paging doesn't occur, e.g. when the query contains a field of type ntext/image/clob/blob and DISTINCT can't be applied while it should have (e.g. due to a join): the datareader will do DISTINCT filtering on the client. this is a little slower but it does perform paging functionality on the data-reader so it won't fetch all rows even if the query suggests it does. Fetch massive amounts of data because blob/clob/ntext/image fields aren't excluded. LLBLGen Pro supports field exclusion for queries. You can exclude fields (also in prefetch paths) per query to avoid fetching all fields of an entity, e.g. when you don't need them for the logic consuming the resultset. Excluding fields can greatly reduce the amount of time spend on data-transport across the network. Use this optimization if you see that there's a big difference between query execution time on the RDBMS and the time reported by the .NET profiler for the ExecuteReader method call. Doing client-side aggregates/scalar calculations by consuming a lot of data. If possible, try to formulate a scalar query or group by query using the projection system or GetScalar functionality of LLBLGen Pro to do data consumption on the RDBMS server. It's far more efficient to process data on the RDBMS server than to first load it all in memory, then traverse the data in-memory to calculate a value. Using .ToList() constructs inside linq queries. It might be you use .ToList() somewhere in a Linq query which makes the query be run partially in-memory. Example: var q = from c in metaData.Customers.ToList() where c.Country=="Norway" select c; This will actually fetch all customers in-memory and do an in-memory filtering, as the linq query is defined on an IEnumerable<T>, and not on the IQueryable<T>. Linq is nice, but it can often be a bit unclear where some parts of a Linq query might run. Fetching all entities to delete into memory first. To delete a set of entities it's rather inefficient to first fetch them all into memory and then delete them one by one. It's more efficient to execute a DELETE FROM ... WHERE query on the database directly to delete the entities in one go. LLBLGen Pro supports this feature, and so do some other O/R mappers. It's not always possible to do this operation in the context of an O/R mapper however: if an O/R mapper relies on a cache, these kind of operations are likely not supported because they make it impossible to track whether an entity is actually removed from the DB and thus can be removed from the cache. Fetching all entities to update with an expression into memory first. Similar to the previous point: it is more efficient to update a set of entities directly with a single UPDATE query using an expression instead of fetching the entities into memory first and then updating the entities in a loop, and afterwards saving them. It might however be a compromise you don't want to take as it is working around the idea of having an object graph in memory which is manipulated and instead makes the code fully aware there's a RDBMS somewhere. Conclusion Performance tuning is almost always about compromises and making choices. It's also about knowing where to look and how the systems in play behave and should behave. The four steps I provided should help you stay focused on the real problem and lead you towards the solution. Knowing how to optimally use the systems participating in your own code (.NET framework, O/R mapper, RDBMS, network/services) is key for success as well as knowing what's going on inside the application you built. I hope you'll find this guide useful in tracking down performance problems and dealing with them in a useful way.  

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• COM Object Method Invoke Exception - Silverlight 4

  - by Adam Driscoll

  I'm trying to use the new AutomationFactory provided with Silverlight 4 to call a .NET COM class. .NET COM-Exposed Class: public class ObjectContainer { public bool GetObject([Out, MarshalAs((UnmanagedType.IUnknown)] out object obj) { obj = new SomeOtherObj(); return true; } } Silverlight Assembly: dynamic objectContainer; try { objectContainer = AutomationFactory.GetObject(ProgId); } catch { objectContainer = AutomationFactory.CreateObject(ProgId); } object obj; if (!objectContainer.GetObject(out obj)) { throw new Exception(); } When I call objectContainer.GetObject(out obj) an exception is thrown stating: Value does not fall within the expected range. at MS.Internal.ComAutomation.ComAutomationNative.CheckInvokeHResult(UInt32 hr, String memberName, String exceptionSource, String exceptionDescription, String exceptionHelpFile, UInt32 exceptionHelpContext) at MS.Internal.ComAutomation.ComAutomationNative.Invoke(Boolean tryInvoke, String memberName, ComAutomationInvokeType invokeType, ComAutomationInteropValue[] rgParams, IntPtr nativePeer, ComAutomationInteropValue& returnValue) at MS.Internal.ComAutomation.ComAutomationObject.InvokeImpl(Boolean tryInvoke, String name, ComAutomationInvokeType invokeType, Object& returnValue, Object[] args) at MS.Internal.ComAutomation.ComAutomationObject.Invoke(String name, ComAutomationInvokeType invokeType, Object[] args) at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Automation.AutomationMetaObjectProvider.TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, Object[] args, Object& result) at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Automation.AutomationMetaObjectProviderBase.<.cctorb__4(Object obj, InvokeMemberBinder binder, Object[] args) at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , Object , String , Object& ) at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , Object , String , Object& ) at ApplicationModule.ObjectContainer.GetObject() Wha's the deal?

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• Object oriented design of game in Java: How to handle a party of NPCs?

  - by Arvanem

  Hi folks, I'm making a very simple 2D RPG in Java. My goal is to do this in as simple code as possible. Stripped down to basics, my class structure at the moment is like this: Physical objects have an x and y dimension. Roaming objects are physical objects that can move(). Humanoid objects are roaming objects that have inventories of GameItems. The Player is a singleton humanoid object that can hire up to 4 NPC Humanoids to join his or her party, and do other actions, such as fight non-humanoid objects. NPC Humanoids can be hired by the Player object to join his or her party, and once hired can fight for the Player. So far I have given the Player class a "party" ArrayList of NPC Humanoids, and the NPC Humanoids class a "hired" Boolean. However, my fight method is clunky, using an if to check the party size before implementing combat, e.g. public class Player extends Humanoids { private ArrayList<Humanoids> party; // GETTERS AND SETTERS for party here //... public void fightEnemy(Enemy eneObj) { if (this.getParty().size() == 0) // Do combat without party issues else if (this.getParty().size() == 1) // Do combat with party of 1 else if (this.getParty().size() == 2) // Do combat with party of 2 // etc. My question is, thinking in object oriented design, am I on the right track to do this in as simple code as possible? Is there a better way?

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• How to draw an unfilled square on top of a stream video using a mouse and track the object enclosed

  - by Haxed

  Hi, I am making an object tracking application. I have used Emgucv 2.1.0.0 to load a video file to a picturebox. I have also taken the video stream from a web camera. Now, I want to draw an unfilled square on the video stream using a mouse and then track the object enclosed by the unfilled square as the video continues to stream. This is what people have suggested so far:- (1) .NET Video overlay drawing(DirectX) - but this is for C++ users, the suggester said that there are .NET wrappers, but I had a hard time finding any. (2) DxLogo sample DxLogo – A sample application showing how to superimpose a logo on a data stream. It uses a capture device for the video source, and outputs the result to a file. Sadly, this does not use a mouse. (3) GDI+ and mouse handling - this area I do not have a clue. And for tracking the object in the square, I would appreciate if someone give me some research paper links to read. Any help as to using the mouse to draw on a video is greatly appreciated. Thank you for taking the time to read this. Many Thanks

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• What does the JS function 'postMessage()' do when called on an html object tag?

  - by Stephano

  I was recently searching for a way to call the print function on a PDF I was displaying in adobe air. I solved this problem with a little help from this fellow, and by calling postMessage on my PDF like so: //this is the HTML I use to view my PDF <object id="PDFObj" data="test.pdf" type="application/pdf"/> ... //this actionscript lives in my air app var pdfObj:Object = htmlLoader.window.document.getElementById("PDFObj"); pdfObj.postMessage([message]); I've tried this in JavaScript as well, just to be sure it wasn't adobe sneaking in and helping me out... var obj = document.getElementById("PDFObj"); obj.postMessage([message]); Works well in JavaScript and in ActionScript. I looked up what the MDC had to say about postMessage, but all I found was window.postMessage. Now, the code works like a charm, and postMessage magically sends my message to my PDF's embedded JavaScript. However, I'm still not sure how I'm doing this. I found adobe talking about this method, but not really explaining it: HTML-PDF communication basics JavaScript in an HTML page can send a message to JavaScript in PDF content by calling the postMessage() method of the DOM object representing the PDF content. Any ideas how this is accomplished?

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• How can I find "People's Contacts" folders via Outlook's object model?

  - by Dennis Palmer

  I have some code that locates all the contact folders that a user has access to by iterating through the Application.Session.Stores collection. This works for the user's contacts and also all the public contacts folders. It also finds all the contacts folders in additional mailbox accounts that the user has added via the Tools - Account Settings... menu command. However, this requires the user to have full access to the other person's account. When a user only has access to another person's contacts, then that person's contacts show up under the "People's Contacts" group in the Contacts view. How do I find those contact folders that don't show up under Session.Stores? In order to see the other user's contacts folder without adding access to their full mailbox, click File - Open - Other User's Folder... from the Outlook menu. In the dialog box, enter the other user's name and select Contacts from the Folder type drop down list. Here's the code (minus the error checking and logging) I'm using to find a list of all the user's Outlook contact folders. I know this can (and maybe should) be done using early binding to the Outlook.Application type, but that doesn't affect the results. EnumerateFolders is recursive so that it searches all sub folders. Dim folderList = New Dictionary(Of String, String) Dim outlookApp = CreateObject(Class:="Outlook.Application") For Each store As Object In outlookApp.Session.Stores EnumerateFolders(folderList, store.GetRootFolder) Next Private Sub EnumerateFolders(ByRef folderList As Dictionary(Of String, String), ByVal folder As Object) Try If folder.DefaultItemType = 2 Then folderList.Add(folder.EntryID, folder.FolderPath.Substring(2)) End If For Each subFolder As Object In folder.Folders EnumerateFolders(folderList, subFolder) Next Catch ex As Exception End Try End Sub

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