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  • Processor, OS : 32bit, 64 bit

    - by Sandbox
    I am new to programming and come from a non-CS background (no formal degree). I mostly program winforms using C#. I am confused about 32 bit and 64 bit.... I mean, have heard about 32 bit OS, 32 bit processor and based on which a program can have maximum memory. How it affects the speed of a program. There are lot more questions which keep coming to mind. I tried to go through some Computer Organization and Architecture books. But, either I am too dumb to understand what is written in there or the writers assume that the reader has some CS background. Can someone explain me these things in a plain simple English or point me to something which does that. EDIT: I have read things like In 32-bit mode, they can access up to 4GB memory; in 64-bit mode, they can access much much more....I want to know WHY to all such things. BOUNTY: Answers below are really good....esp one by Martin. But, I am looking at a thorough explanation, but in plain simple English.

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  • Call 32-bit or 64-bit program from bootloader

    - by user1002358
    There seems to be quite a lot of identical information on the Internet about writing the following 3 bootloaders: Infinite loop jmp $ Print a single character Print "Hello World". This is fantastic, and I've gone through these 3 variations with very little trouble. I'd like to write some 32- or 64-bit code in C and compile it, and call that code from the bootloader... basically a bootloader that, for example, sets the computer up to run some simple numerical simulation. I'll start by listing primes, for example, and then maybe some input/output from the user to maybe compute a Fourier transform. I don't know. I haven't found any information on how to do this, but I can already foresee some problems before I even begin. First of all, compiling a C program compiles it into one of several different files, depending on the target. For Windows, it's a PE file. For Linux, it's a .out file. These files are both quite different. In my instance, the target isn't Windows or Linux, it's just whatever I have written in the bootloader. Secondly, where would the actual code reside? The bootloader is exactly 512 bytes, but the program I write in C will certainly compile to something much larger. It will need to sit on my (virtual) hard disk, probably in some sort of file system (which I haven't even defined!) and I will need to load the information from this file into memory before I can even think about executing it. But from my understanding, all this is many, many orders of magnitude more complex than a 12-line "Hello World" bootloader. So my question is: How do I call a large 32- or 64-bit program (written in C/C++) from my 16-bit bootloader.

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  • Allocating 32-bit integer arrays in 64-bit machines

    - by Shredderroy
    I have a 64-bit i7 machine. Suppose I allocate memory for n 32-bit integers. How many physical registers will actually be used in the allocation: n, or n/2? I tried to write the following simple programme to find out. #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { int a[4]; cout << &a[0] << "\t" << &a[3] << endl; cin.ignore (1); return 0; } // End main () The output is: 0018FA04 0018FA10 They seem further apart than they should be. Why aren't the addresses 04 and 07? And does this mean that the system is actually allocating four (or more) integers, instead of packing the four 32-bit integers into two 64-bit registers? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • CUDA not working in 64 bit windows 7

    - by Programmer
    I have cuda toolkit 4.0 installed in a 64 bit windows 7. I try building my cuda code, #include<iostream> #include"cuda_runtime.h" #include"cuda.h" __global__ void kernel(){ } int main(){ kernel<<<1,1>>>(); int c = 0; cudaGetDeviceCount(&c); cudaDeviceProp prop; cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, 0); std::cout<<"the name is"<<prop.name; std::cout<<"Hello World!"<<c<<std::endl; system("pause"); return 0; } but operation fails. Below is the build log: Build Log Rebuild started: Project: god, Configuration: Debug|Win32 Command Lines Creating temporary file "c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\Debug\BAT0000482007500.bat" with contents [ @echo off echo "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch=compute_10,code=\"sm_10,compute_10\" -gencode=arch=compute_20,code=\"sm_20,compute_20\" --machine 32 -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin" -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /O2 /Zi /MT " -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\include" -maxrregcount=0 --compile -o "Debug/sample.cu.obj" sample.cu "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch=compute_10,code=\"sm_10,compute_10\" -gencode=arch=compute_20,code=\"sm_20,compute_20\" --machine 32 -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin" -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /O2 /Zi /MT " -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\include" -maxrregcount=0 --compile -o "Debug/sample.cu.obj" "c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\sample.cu" if errorlevel 1 goto VCReportError goto VCEnd :VCReportError echo Project : error PRJ0019: A tool returned an error code from "Compiling with CUDA Build Rule..." exit 1 :VCEnd ] Creating command line """c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\Debug\BAT0000482007500.bat""" Creating temporary file "c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\Debug\RSP0000492007500.rsp" with contents [ /OUT:"C:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\Debug\god.exe" /LIBPATH:"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\lib\x64" /MANIFEST /MANIFESTFILE:"Debug\god.exe.intermediate.manifest" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /DEBUG /PDB:"C:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\Debug\god.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /MACHINE:X86 cudart.lib cuda.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib ".\Debug\sample.cu.obj" ] Creating command line "link.exe @"c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\Debug\RSP0000492007500.rsp" /NOLOGO /ERRORREPORT:PROMPT" Output Window Compiling with CUDA Build Rule... "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch=compute_10,code=\"sm_10,compute_10\" -gencode=arch=compute_20,code=\"sm_20,compute_20\" --machine 32 -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin" -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /O2 /Zi /MT " -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.0\include" -maxrregcount=0 --compile -o "Debug/sample.cu.obj" sample.cu sample.cu sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cudaLaunch@4 referenced in function "enum cudaError cdecl cudaLaunch(char *)" (??$cudaLaunch@D@@YA?AW4cudaError@@PAD@Z) sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol ___cudaRegisterFunction@40 referenced in function "void __cdecl _sti_cudaRegisterAll_52_tmpxft_00001c68_00000000_8_sample_compute_10_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1(void)" (?sti__cudaRegisterAll_52_tmpxft_00001c68_00000000_8_sample_compute_10_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1@@YAXXZ) sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cudaRegisterFatBinary@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl _sti_cudaRegisterAll_52_tmpxft_00001c68_00000000_8_sample_compute_10_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1(void)" (?sti__cudaRegisterAll_52_tmpxft_00001c68_00000000_8_sample_compute_10_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1@@YAXXZ) sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cudaGetDeviceProperties@8 referenced in function _main sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cudaGetDeviceCount@4 referenced in function _main sample.cu.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _cudaConfigureCall@32 referenced in function _main C:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\Debug\god.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 7 unresolved externals Results Build log was saved at "file://c:\Users\t-sudhk\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\god\god\Debug\BuildLog.htm" god - 8 error(s), 0 warning(s) I will be highly obliged if someone could help me. Thanks

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  • Replacement for Vern Buerg's list.com in 64 bit Windows 7

    - by Kevin
    I would like to find a replacement for list.com, specifically the ability to accept piped input. For example: p4 sync -n | list which accepts the output of the perforce command and displays the results in the viewer/editor for manipulation or saving. I know that I would send the output to a file and then open the file in the viewer/editor but I use it for temporary results. List.com doesn't work on 64 bit Windows 7.

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  • Workaround for the WaitHandle.WaitAll 64 handle limit?

    - by James
    My application spawns loads of different small worker threads via ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem. I have never had any issues before, however, as my application is coming under more load i.e. more threads being created, I am now beginning to get this exception: WaitHandles must be less than or equal to 64 - missing documentation What is the best alternative solution to this?

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  • Can't edit and continue when using Visual Studio 2010 on a 64 bit machine, app targets x86

    - by Sayed Ibrahim Hashimi
    I'm having some problems with Edit and Continue when using Visual Studio 2010 on a Windows 7 64 bit machine. I've ensured the following Edit and Continue is enabled under ToolsOptionsDebuggingEdit and Continue My solution platform is set to x86 My solution configuration is set to Debug All my projects are building for Debug and x86 For all projects under ProjectsPropertiesBuild the Optimize code is unchecked When I hit a break point and try to edit I and confronted with the following message. This is happening for me for all projects that I create whether they are WPF/Win Forms/VB.NET/C#/.NET 4/.NET 3. Any ideas?

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  • Explanation of the disassembly of the simplest program (x86)

    - by noname
    The following code int _main() {return 0;} Compiled using the command: gcc -s -nostdlib -nostartfiles 01-simple.c -o01-simple.exe gcc version 4.4.1 (TDM-1 mingw32) OllyDbg produced this output: http://imgur.com/g81vK.png Can you explain what happens here? Analysis so far: // these two seems to be an idiom: PUSH EBP // places EBP on stack MOV EBP, ESP // overwrites EBP with ESP MOV EAX, 0 // EAX = 0 LEAVE // == mov esp, ebp // pop ebp // according to // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings What is the meaning of all this?

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  • msysgit - sh.exe - fork: Permission denied - Vista 64 bit

    - by Steve
    I installed msysgit on other Windows machines with no problems. On this Vista 64 bit Ultimate box, I installed the 3 most recent versions of msysgit. On all three installs, when I do a "git bash here", I get exactly this on the command window: sh.exe": fork: Permission denied sh.exe"-3.1$ NThe git command doesn't work. I get the same permission denied message. Any clues as to how to fix this?

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  • Access COM DLL using VS 2008 on Windows 7 64 bit

    - by Nitin
    I am using Windows 7 64 bit OS and VS 2008 SP1 as development environment. One of the console application uses a COM component. When I try to create an instance of a class from the COM component, I got following error: Creating an instance of the COM component with CLSID {CE92C3B9-9A93-40E1-85AB-6A49170AEF7F} from the IClassFactory failed due to the following error: 80010105.

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  • EC2 AMI for CentOS 5.x 64-bit

    - by Etienne
    Which AMI would you suggest for CentOS 5.x 64-bit? There is quite a large list but I am clueless as to how to make my decision based on the list here: http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/kbcategory.jspa?categoryID=208&resultOffset=0&sortField=107&sortOrder=0&filterEntryTypeID=-1 (I tried 'Rating' but that's too subjective) I also don't want to build my own AMI (for now).

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  • Oracle VM Administration: Oracle VM Server for x86 - new Training

    - by Antoinette O'Sullivan
     Oracle VM Administration: Oracle VM Server for x86 - new course just released. This 3 day hands-on course teaches students how to build a virtualization platform using the Oracle VM Manager and Oracle VM Server for x86. Students learn how deploy and manage highly configurable, inter-connected virtual machines. The course teaches students how to install and configure Oracle VM Server for x86 as well as details of network and storage configuration, pool and repository creation, and virtual machine management. You can follow this class that brings you great hands-on experience either in-class or from your own desk.

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  • Context Menu Shell Extension not working under Windows 7 64-bit

    - by Smejda
    I created very simple Context Menu using Shell Extension in C#. It works fine under Windows XP 32 bit but under Windows 7 64 bits menu items not appearing. I tried to build Setup output to x64 but no effect. Simple Source contains ContextMenu and Setup project is under http://bit.ly/9nGd41 Looks like Wow6432 should be handled by Setup project, same for registration and adding to Global Assembly Cache I would be appreciate for help / suggestions with this issue.

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  • DBD::Advantage and 64-bit Perl - Always 6060

    - by WarheadsSE
    I realize that I am attempting to go beyond the "supported" behavior of the manf's released drivers for perl, after all they have only released it in package with x86 .so's. However, since I cannot use their package with x64 Perl on a RHEL 5.4 x86_64 box, and maintaining a seperate install of x86 perl just for this one package, I have made an attempt to get this puppy working thanks to released 64-bit .so's that accompany other driver packages for Advantage. What I have done to this point: download beta 10 DBI drivers, in 32 download beta 10 PHP extension (it contains 32 and x86_64) copy the required DLLs into the ads-lib location (eg /usr/local/ads/lib64) compile the Perl DBI driver with the path to the lib64's .so's Good compilation, good install, good use. The problem is that I always get : failed: [iAnywhere Solutions][Advantage SQL][ASA] Error 6060: Advantage Database Server not available on specified server. axServerConnect (SQL-HY000)(DBD: db_login/SQLConnect err=-1) Does anyone have any ideas? EDIT: fixed package name in post title

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  • Operand size conflict in x86 Assembly??

    - by Mark V.
    I'm a novice programmer who is attempting assembly for the first time. Sorry in advance if this is an incredibly lame question. I have a character stored in the EAX register, but I need to move it to my DL register. When I try: mov dl, eax I get an error C2443: operand size conflict. I know that the eax register is 32 bit while the dl is 8 bit... am I on to something?? How do I go about solving this.

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  • Drawing a stack frame for x86 assembly

    - by drozzy
    So, I am kind of confused about drawing a stack frame for my assembly code. I have a feeling I started out wrong. Here is what I got so far, but as you can see I am confused at step 5, because I think my initial layout is wrong. Can you tell me where I went wrong?

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  • Unable to sync time using `ntpdate`, error: "no server suitable for synchronization found"

    - by William Ting
    My ntp.conf file: user@pc[0][07:37:40]:/etc$ cat /etc/ntp.conf idriftfile /var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift server 0.pool.ntp.org server 1.pool.ntp.org server 2.pool.ntp.org server pool.ntp.org Command output: user@pc[0][07:37:24]:/etc$ sudo ntpdate -dv pool.ntp.org 18 Jun 07:37:35 ntpdate[10737]: ntpdate [email protected] Tue Apr 19 07:15:05 UTC 2011 (1) Looking for host pool.ntp.org and service ntp host found : conquest.kjsl.com transmit(198.137.202.16) transmit(216.45.57.38) transmit(64.6.144.6) transmit(198.137.202.16) transmit(216.45.57.38) transmit(64.6.144.6) transmit(198.137.202.16) transmit(216.45.57.38) transmit(64.6.144.6) transmit(198.137.202.16) transmit(216.45.57.38) transmit(64.6.144.6) transmit(198.137.202.16) transmit(216.45.57.38) transmit(64.6.144.6) 198.137.202.16: Server dropped: no data 216.45.57.38: Server dropped: no data 64.6.144.6: Server dropped: no data server 198.137.202.16, port 123 stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000 refid [198.137.202.16], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 transmit timestamp: d1a71a93.1f16c1e3 Sat, Jun 18 2011 7:37:39.121 filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 offset 0.000000 server 216.45.57.38, port 123 stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000 refid [216.45.57.38], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 transmit timestamp: d1a71a93.524a05dd Sat, Jun 18 2011 7:37:39.321 filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 offset 0.000000 server 64.6.144.6, port 123 stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000 refid [64.6.144.6], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 transmit timestamp: d1a71a93.524a05dd Sat, Jun 18 2011 7:37:39.321 filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 offset 0.000000 server 64.6.144.6, port 123 stratum 0, precision 0, leap 00, trust 000 refid [64.6.144.6], delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 transmitted 4, in filter 4 reference time: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 originate timestamp: 00000000.00000000 Thu, Feb 7 2036 0:28:16.000 transmit timestamp: d1a71a93.857c6fbd Sat, Jun 18 2011 7:37:39.521 filter delay: 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 filter offset: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 delay 0.00000, dispersion 64.00000 offset 0.000000 18 Jun 07:37:40 ntpdate[10737]: no server suitable for synchronization found

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  • Parallel processing in R 2.11 Windows 64-bit using SNOW not quite working

    - by Abhijit
    I'm running R 2.11 64-bit on a WinXP64 machine with 8 processors. With R 2.10.1 the following code spawned 6 R processes for parallel processing: require(foreach) require(doSNOW) cl = makeCluster(6, type='SOCK') registerDoSNOW(cl) bl2 = foreach(i=icount(length(unqmrno))) %dopar% { (Some code here) } stopCluster(cl) When I run the same code in R 2.11 Win64, the 6 R processes are not spawning, and the code hangs. I'm wondering if this is a problem with the port of SNOW to 2.11-64bit, or if any additional code is required on my part. Thanks

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  • eclipse galileo not responding ubuntu 64-bit

    - by Agent1891
    I'm having a problem with eclipse galileo on ubuntu 64-bit system. when ever i open it the splash scree turns gray but keeps loading and then when eclipse opens it shows the secure storage password request and hangs. I dont know what could be wrong, it used to work fine before, if you have or had the same problem please tell me what to do

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  • ASM x86 relative JMP

    - by benlaug
    Hi, I'm doing some ASM code in a C code with the asm function. My environment is DVL with gcc version 3. Hi need to make a JMP to a relative address like %eip+0x1f. How can I do this ? Thanks

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  • Using an array in embedded x86 assembly??

    - by Mark V.
    Hey all I have a method (C++) that returns a character and takes an array of characters as its parameters. I'm messing with assembly for the first time and just trying to return the first character of the array in the dl register. Here's what I have so far: char returnFirstChar(char arrayOfLetters[]) { char max; __asm { push eax push ebx push ecx push edx mov dl, 0 mov eax, arrayOfLetters[0] xor edx, edx mov dl, al mov max, dl pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax } return max; } For some reason this method returns a ? Any idea whats going on? Thanks

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  • x86 Assembly Question about outputting

    - by jdea
    My code looks like this _declspec(naked) void f(unsigned int input,unsigned int *output) { __asm{ push dword ptr[esp+4] call factorial pop ecx mov [output], eax //copy result ret } } __declspec(naked) unsigned int factorial(unsigned int n) { __asm{ push esi mov esi, dword ptr [esp+8] cmp esi, 1 jg RECURSE mov eax, 1 jmp END RECURSE: dec esi push esi call factorial pop esi inc esi mul esi END: pop esi ret } } Its a factorial function and I'm trying to output the answer after it recursively calculates the number that was passed in But what I get returned as an output is the same large number I keep getting Not sure about what is wrong with my output, by I also see this error CXX0030: Error: expression cannot be evaluated Thanks!

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