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• Using rsync to take backup of folder

  - by Ali

  Hi, I have a server (Linux) with NAS which is mounted as folder "mount" I have website in "public_html" folder. I want to take backup of website in mount folder automatically at certain intervals for e.g. every hour. I read that there is something called "rsync" which is used to make two folders sync. And it doesn't copy all files every time and instead matches if the file has been changed and then only update changed files. How do I use it to make automatic backups? I have root access to server. Thanks

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• Access block level storage via kernel

  - by N 1.1

  How to access block level storage via the kernel (w/o using scsi libraries)? My intent is to implement a block level storage protocol over network for learning purpose, almost the same way SCSI works. Requests will be generated by initiator and sent to target (both userspace program) which makes call to kernel module and returns the data using TCP protocol to initiator. So far, I have managed to build a simple "Hello" module and run it (I am new at kernel programming), but unable to proceed with block access. After searching a lot, I found struct buffer_head * bread(int dev,int block) in linux/fs.h, but the compiler throws error. error: implicit declaration of function ‘bread’ Please help, also feel free to advice on starting with kernel programming. Thank you!

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• Detect a file is closed

  - by User1

  Is there a simple way to detect when a file for writing is closed? I have a process that kicks out a new file every 5 seconds. I can not change the code for that process. I am writing another process to analyze the contents of each file immediately when it is created. Is there a simple way to watch a certain directory to see when a file is no longer opened for writing? I'm hoping for some sort of Linux command.

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• How to link static libs (archives) to an empty dynamic lib with gcc4

  - by user360607

  Greetings all! I'm using gcc on linux to create a shared library. The library itself has no code but links to a couple of static libraries(archives) also built using gcc. I need to export the static libs' symbols through my shared library. What happens is that the resulting shared lib is too small and it actually does not contain any of the symbols provided by the static libs mentioned above. I also tried with a map of exported symbols but that did not help at all. Could any of you suggest a solution! 10x in advance

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• Standard way of distributing source code?

  - by penyuan

  I am relatively new to programming, and have built a few working C++ commandline programs with Xcode in Mac OS X (no dependencies on Mac-only libraries or APIs). My question is: What is the standard way of packaging and distributing the source code (and possibly compiled binaries)? i.e. Almost all Linux programs seemed to be distributed that a user simply needs to run ./configure && make && make install from the source directory. Thank you.

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• Check which nodes of Beowulf HPC cluster system are free from PHP app?

  - by Skuja

  I am working on my diploma thesis project. I have access to 32Node Dell poweredge HPC cluster system with Linux(Debian i think) installed on it. My first goal is to create web (PHP) app where logged users could see free and busy nodes, turn them on and off. I am planning to do something like this - write some cron daemon that would run every 30seconds or other interval, and it could run ping utility for each node to find out if it is on or off, then write results to some file. Then from my web app i could read the info. Will it be a good solution? What existing for node management solutions are there?

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• Obfuscate strings in Python

  - by Caedis

  I have a password string that must be passed to a method. Everything works fine but I don't feel comfortable storing the password in clear text. Is there a way to obfuscate the string or to truly encrypt it? I'm aware that obfuscation can be reverse engineered, but I think I should at least try to cover up the password a bit. At the very least it wont be visible to a indexing program, or a stray eye giving a quick look at my code. I am aware of pyobfuscate but I don't want the whole program obfuscated, just one string and possibly the whole line itself where the variable is defined. Target platform is GNU Linux Generic (If that makes a difference)

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• Microsoft Project opensource alternatives

  - by dcrodjer

  I have been recommended to use the Microsoft project as a project manager in my course. But being a opensource fan and linux user what will be the best opensource alternative to this. I have seen this question: Open Source Alternative to Microsoft Project?, which suggests to use openproj. Openproj's last version was released 2 years back so I was thinking otherwise. Also following the wiki project management softwares comparison, I found out there are lot of opensource alternatives. Some software in the list with maximum features I found out are: Endevour eGroupWare (web based) Onepoint Project Project.net Project-Open Redmine web2project (web based) Could anyone recommend what is the best (or most popular) alternative. Thanks

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• What's the big difference between those two binary files?

  - by Lela Dax

  These are two files (contained in the tar.bz2) that were generated using a just-in-time compiler for a game engine. The generated code from ui-linux.bin is from a x86_64 gcc compiler and the ui-windows.bin from the same brand of compiler but targetting win x86_64 (mingw-w64). I've attempted to debug a problem that occurs only on the windows version and i stumbled upon what it seems to be different end-binary code. However, the input assembly code was virtually identical (only difference being pointer representations as int). (there's theoretically no winabi/unixabi conflict since that's taken care of by an attribute flag on certain declarations involved). Any idea what it might be that makes these two binary codes different? The C for the mini-compiler and base assembly producing it appears compatible at first glance. http://www0.org/vm/bins.tar.bz2

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• mmap() for large file I/O?

  - by Boatzart

  I'm creating a utility in C++ to be run on Linux which can convert videos to a proprietary format. The video frames are very large (up to 16 megapixels), and we need to be able to seek directly to exact frame numbers, so our file format uses libz to compress each frame individually, and append the compressed data onto a file. Once all frames are finished being written, a journal which includes meta data for each frame (including their file offsets and sizes) is written to the end of the file. I'm currently using ifstream and ofstream to do the file i/o, but I am looking to optimize as much as possible. I've heard that mmap() can increase performance in a lot of cases, and I'm wondering if mine is one of them. Our files will be in the tens to hundreds of gigabytes, and although writing will always be done sequentially, random access reads should be done in constant time. Any thoughts as to whether I should investigate this further, and if so does anyone have any tips for things to look out for? Thanks!

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• kill -9 and production application

  - by valodzka

  Which problem can cause kill -9 in production application (in linux to be exact)? I have application which do some periodical work, stopping these takes long time, and I don't care if some jobs will be aborted - work can be finished by new processes. So can I use kill -9 just to stop it immediately or this can cause serious OS problems? For example, Unicorn, uses it as normal working procedure: When your application goes awry, a BOFH can just "kill -9" the runaway worker process without worrying about tearing all clients down, just one. But this article claims: The -9 (or KILL) argument to kill(1) should never be used on Unix systems

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• How to retrieve value from etc/sysconfig in Python

  - by stanleyxu2005

  Hi All, I have a config file FOO in /etc/sysconfig/. This Linux file is very similar to INI-File, but without a section declaration. In order to retrieve a value from this file, I used to write a shell script like: source /etc/sysconfig/FOO echo $MY_VALUE Now I want to do the same thing in python. I tried to use ConfigParser, but ConfigParser does not accept such an INI-File similar format, unless it has a section declaration. Is there any way to retrieve value from such a file?

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• SWT Filedialog Open into home folder

  - by Ivan

  I want to open a FileDialog window into the user home folder (i.e. /home/user or /Users/unsername) I read the user home folder, using System.getProperty: String homefolder = System.getProperty(user.home); And the variable containts the correct home folder. But when i set the filterpath in FileDialog, it opens (in linux) only the /home level not entering into the user home dir. This is the source code: FileDialog dialog = new FileDialog(shell); dialog.setText("Choose a certificate"); String platform = SWT.getPlatform(); String homefolder = System.getProperty("user.home"); dialog.setFilterPath(homefolder); Any idea? Here a screenshot:

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• Need help in understanding the mapping of user-space send, sendto, sendmsg to kernel-space sendmsg

  - by bala1486

  Hello, I am trying to implement my own transport layer protocol in Linux for an experiment. I am going to use socket interface and add my protocol using sock_register. For the proto_ops i can see that the parameters for the sendmsg and recvmsg are (struct kiocb *iocb, struct socket *sock, struct msghdr *msg, size_t len, int flags). But there are three types of user api's send, sendto, sendmsg. Of these three only sendmsg contains a parameter for msghdr. I find that the other two api's are incompatible with the parameters supplied by the kernel to my kernel-space sendmsg function. So what happens when we use send and sendto user-space api's? Hope i am clear.. Thanks, Bala

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• How to generate one large dependency map for the whole project that builds with makefiles?

  - by Stan

  I have a gigantic project that is built using makefiles. Running make at the root of the project takes over 20 minutes when no files have changed (i.e. just traversing the project and checking for updated files). I'd like to create a dependency map that will tell me which directories I need to run 'make' in based on the file(s) changed. I already have a list of updated files that I can get from my version control system, and I'd like to skip the 20 minutes of traversing and get straight to the locations that do need to be recompiled. The project has a mix of several languages and custom tools, so this would ideally be language-independent (i.e. it would only process all makefiles to generate dependencies). I'll settle for a C/C++-specific solution, too, as the majority of the project is in C++. The project is built on Linux.

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• gcc, UTF-8 and limits.h

  - by bobby

  My OS is Debian, my default locale is UTF-8 and my compiler is gcc. By default CHAR_BIT in limits.h is 8 which is ok for ASCII because in ASCII 1 char = 8 bits. But since I am using UTF-8, chars can be up to 32 bits which contradicts the CHAR_BIT default value of 8. If I modify CHAR_BIT to 32 in limits.h to better suit UTF-8, what do I have to do in order for this new value to come into effect ? I guess I have to recompile gcc ? Do I have to recompile the linux kernel ? What about the default installed Debian packages, will they work ?

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• How do I throttle my site's API users?

  - by scotts

  The legitimate users of my site occasionally hammer the server with API requests that cause undesirable results. I want to institute a limit of no more than say one API call every 5 seconds or n calls per minute (haven't figured out the exact limit yet). I could obviously log every API call in a DB and do the calculation on every request to see if they're over the limit, but all this extra overhead on EVERY request would be defeating the purpose. What are other less resource-intensive methods I could use to institute a limit? I'm using PHP/Apache/Linux, for what it's worth.

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• Postgres pg_dump dumps database in a different order every time

  - by behrk2

  Hello, I am writing a PHP script (which also uses linux bash commands) which will run through test cases by doing the following: I am using a PostgreSQL database (8.4.2)... 1.) Create a DB 2.) Modify the DB 3.) Store a database dump of the DB (pg_dump) 4.) Do regression testing by doing steps 1.) and 2.), and then take another database dump and compare it (diff) with the original database dump from step number 3.) However, I am finding that pg_dump will not always dump the database in the same way. It will dump things in a different order every time. Therefore, when I do a diff on the two database dumps, the comparison will result in the two files being different, when they are actually the same, just in a different order. Is there a different way I can go about doing the pg_dump? Thanks!

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• Measuring daemon CPU utilization over a portion of it's wall clock run time

  - by WhirlWind

  I am dealing with a network-related daemon: it takes data in, processes it, and spits it out. I would like to increase the performance of this daemon by profiling it and reducing it's CPU utilization. I can do this easily on Linux with gprof. However, I would also like to use something like "time" to measure it's total CPU utilization over a period of time. If possible, I would like to time it over a period that is less than its total run time: thus, I would like to start the daemon, wait awhile, generate CPU statistics, stop generating them, then stop the daemon at some later time. The "time" command would work well for me, but it seems to require that I start and stop the daemon as a child of time. Is there a way to measure CPU utilization for only a portion of the daemon's wall clock time?

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• How can I have MySQL write outfiles as a different user?

  - by David Locke

  I'm working with a MySQL query that writes into an outfile. I run this query once every day or two and so I want to be able to remove the outfile without having to resort to su or sudo. The only way I can think of making that happen is to have the outfile written as owned by someone other than the mysql user. Is this possible? Edit: I am not redirecting output to a file, I am using the INTO OUTFILE part of a select query to output to a file. If it helps: mysql --version mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.32, for pc-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

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• Creating PDF Invoices - Are there any templating solutions?

  - by smashedmercury

  Our company is looking to integrate invoices into a new system we are developing. We require some a solution to create a layout of the invoice and then convert to pdf. We have considered just laying out the invoice in html/css then converting to pdf. We have also considered using SVG-PDf conversion. Both of these solutions integrate well into our existing templating language used for our web application. Historically we have been a Microsoft based business and used Crystal Reports for such a task but we are looking an open source Linux solution for this project. Does any one have any suggestions of an approach or technology we could use for such a task?

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• Compatibility of x-www-browser

  - by rohit.arondekar

  I want to open html files from a shell script. I know that Ubuntu has a command x-www-browser that will open the default browser on the system. I also found via some Googling that the command is part of the debian system. I was wondering if the command is available on non debian based distros. If it isn't is there a standard way of opening an html file in the default browser on a linux OS via command line? Note that I'm using Bash.

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• How to file split at a line number

  - by superspace

  I want to split a 400k line long log file from a particular line number. For this question, lets make this an arbitrary number 300k. Is there a linux function that allows me to do this? I know split lets me split the file in equal parts either by size or line numbers but that's not what I want. I want to the first 300k in one file and the last 100k in the second file. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• Avoid copying of data between user and kernel space and vice-versa

  - by bala1486

  Hello, I am developing a active messaging protocol for parallel computation that replaces TCP/IP. My goal is to decrease the latency of a packet. Since the environment is a LAN, i can replace TCP/IP with simpler protocol to reduce the packet latency. I am not writing any device driver and i am just trying to replace the TCP/IP stack with something simpler. Now I wanted to avoid copying of a packet's data from user space to kernel space and vice-versa. I heard of the mmap(). Is it the best way to do this? If yes, it will be nice if you can give links to some examples. I am a linux newbie and i really appreciate your help.. Thank you... Thanks, Bala

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• Netlink user-space and kernel-space communication

  - by sasayins

  Hi, I am learning programming in embedded systems using Linux as my main platform. And I want to create a Device Event Management Service. This service is a user-space application/daemon that will detect if a connected hardware module triggered an event. But my problem is I don't know where should I start. I read about Netlink implementation for userspace-kernelspace communication and it seems its a good idea but not sure if it is the best solution. But I read that the UDEV device manager uses Netlink to wait a "uevent" from the kernel space but it is not clear for me how to do that. I read about polling sysfs but it seems it is not a good idea to poll filesystem. What do you think the implementation that should I use in my service? Should I use netlink(hard/no clue how to) or just polling the sysfs(not sure if it works)? Thanks

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