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• Upgrade CentOS 5.2 to 5.3 -- but not 5.4

  - by Jeff Leyser

  Server currently running CentOS 5.2. Developers tell me they'd like the machine upgrade to CentOS 5.3 -- but not all the way to CentOS 5.4, as they haven't tested with 5.4 yet. I'm pretty sure a yum upgrade will put me at 5.4, as a yum check-update shows all sorts of 5.4 packages. So how do I move up to 5.3?

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• How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

  - by svarni

  I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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• unknown reciever Esmtp

  - by Morteza Soltanabadiyan

  I found this in my log server: sm-mta[11410]: r9BKb6YY021119: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=2+07:24:18, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=29911032, relay=mail1.mkuku.com. [58.22.50.83], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection refused by mail1.mkuku.com. This message is repeated every 10-30 seconds with a different "to" address. What is this? Is my server being used to send spam?

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• Checkpoint - Routing into the tunnel

  - by Fake4d

  I have a simple question for my checkpoint infrastructure. Do i have to route a net which i wanna access over a configured firewall VPN Tunnel. Explanation: I have two firewalls connected over a VPN which have several nets behind them. I need to access a new net at the other firewall and put them in their encryption Domain. Now here is the question: Do i have to route it in the operating system (SecurePlat)? Thanks!

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• Download from http server all directories,files and subdirectories and so on

  - by Jack

  I want to download from remote http server all files directories,files and so on. I found some solutions to ftp server,but doesn't work to http. Until now no luck with wget -r or -m. It download all direcotories in the root and the respective index.html. Not all files and sub-directory under such it(note the sub-directory may have another directory and so on) not sure on tags fix for me if needs. Note: I'm not a native english speaker,sorry for bad english.

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• Permission denied but group permissions look good on redhat

  - by Tony

  I have a user ftpadmin: -bash-3.2$ id ftpadmin uid=10001(ftpadmin) gid=2525(fsg) groups=2525(fsg),10005(git) The important group to note is "git" Then I have my git repository: ls -al drwxrwxr-x 7 git git 4096 Apr 20 14:17 fsg So ftpadmin is a member of git, and git has given all permissions to people in the group. Why do I see this when I login as ftpadmin: -bash-3.2$ ls -al /home/git/ ls: /home/git/fsg: Permission denied ... Seems like I should have permission...

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• Is there any way I can add alternative key binding to a feature in compiz?

  - by vava

  I was wondering is there any way to add additional, alternative key binding to a particular feature in compiz? I am using Wall plugin and on my ThinkPad it is convenient to switch between horizontal workspaces with media buttons for browser navigation. But there just two of them, so I have to use completely different combinations to switch between workspaces vertically and that would very helpful if I can also use similar kind of combination to switch horizontally as well in addition to those media buttons. Is there a way maybe to send a message to the compiz to execute particular command? That would solve the issue.

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• Determine display or VNC session based on PID

  - by Daniel Kessler

  I frequently VNC into a server where we run many concurrent computationally intensive matlab processes. Sometimes, one of my processes misbehave, which I can see from top, but I have a hard time figuring out which VNC session it's running on, or more specifically, which display it's running on. Suppose I see that PID 8536 looks like a resource hog, and I want to investigate. Because it's a matlab session, I know there is likely an IDE open somewhere, and I want to check to see if anything important is happening before I kill it. We've solved this somewhat awkwardly in the past by identifying which PTY 8536 was launched from, then looking at a process tree to figure out things launched in that context, scrolling up, and seeing the VNC initialization. Seems like there must be a better way to go PID - X Display (or VNC Session).

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• How would I recognize the "spoon-feeding problem" on a dynamic webapp server?

  - by Don Spaulding

  The "spoon-feeding problem", as it was recently explained to me, happens when connections to your application server are tied up feeding data across slow network connections to your clients. This makes sense to me and now I understand the importance of putting a highly-concurrent proxy in front of my app servers. My question is, how did the first person to recognize this problem figure it out? What *nix tools and troubleshooting techniques would help me to recognize this problem if I hadn't had it explained to me?

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• grep + sed for find & replace fun!

  - by Jim Greenleaf

  I have a dev copy of a website set up that has quite a few hardcoded references to its live counterpart. I would like to replace all occurrences of "www." with "dev." in all files. I think I can use a combination of grep + sed, but I'm not sure how.

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• How do I make a Minecraft kiosk for portable USB drive that boots on most computers

  - by user2044589

  Some time ago, someone referred me to a cool website called Rapid Rollout. It worked fine until I tried to install an OS onto a netbook. To put it short, it didn't work as well as I expected it to. It also didn't install USB flash drives. I'm trying to build a system (or use a service that would create a system) that would open up the Minecraft Launcher (jar) and show it in full-screen with no background. It would also all have to fit into 8 Gigabytes (as this is the most that I can use right now). How can I accomplish this?

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• What process is resurrecting mysqld?

  - by ripper234

  I'm following this guide to reset my mysql root password (I'm on ubuntu). When I kill the mysqld process, it immediately gets resurrected. The parent process ID is 1. How can I find what keeps resurrecting mysqld? $ ps -ef | grep mysql mysql 30136 1 0 07:16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld root 30295 30274 0 07:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql $ kill -9 30136 $ ps -ef | grep mysql mysql 30302 1 2 07:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld root 30404 30274 0 07:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql $

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• MySQL writing to net

  - by seengee

  I have a server that has been running at high CPU load due to MySQL activity, when i run the command mysqladmin pr i often see a few queries with the state "writing to net". I had a look around and couldn't find much out about this other than the fact i read somewhere that this shouldnt be expected in usual MySQL activity. Any ideas what this could mean? Running MySQL 5.0.91-community on CentOS 4.8

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• OpenVPN access to a private network

  - by Gior312

  There are many similar topics about my issue, however I cannot figure out a solution for myself. There are three hosts. A without a routable address but with an Internet access. Server S with a routable Internet address and host B behind NAT in a private network. What I've managed to do is a OpenVPN connection between A and B via S. Everything works fine so far according to this manual VPN Setup What I want to do is to connect A to Bs private network 10.A.B.x I tried this manual but had no luck. So A has a vpn address 10.9.0.10, B's vpn address is 10.9.0.6 and B's private network is 10.20.20.0/24. When at the Server I try to make a route to Bs private network like this sudo route add 10.20.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.9.0.6 dev tun0 it says "route: netmask 000000ff doesn't make sense with host route" but I don't know how to tell Server to look for a private network in a different way. Do you know how can I make it right ?

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• Logging violations of rules in limits.conf

  - by PaulDaviesC

  I am trying to log the details of the programs that where failed due to the limit cap defined in the limits.conf. My initial plan was to do it using the audit system. The idea was to track the system calls related to limits in the limits.conf that where failed. However the problem with this approach is that , it is not possible to track the violations of cpu time, since that violation do not involve failure of system calls. In the case of CPU time , one thing happens is that the program which violated the cpu time will be delivered a SIGXCPU. So my question is how should I go about logging the programs that violated CPU time? Also is there any limits.conf specific logs available?

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• unexpected behaviour of Ctrl-a x and Ctrl-a X in screen?! regions, locking

  - by gojira

  According to the screen manual (version 4.0.2.) C-a x C-a C-x (lockscreen) Lock this terminal. C-a X (remove) Kill the current region. But what actually happens when I use it (Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06): C-a X locks the terminal and asks me for the password. When I enter the correct passwword, I am back in screen but the region is killed (wtf) C-a x does nothing apparently Please note the differences between x (lowercase) and X (uppercase). Why is there a mixup between the functionalities of C-a X and C-a x? How can I fix this? I am on CentOS release 5 (Final).

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• When using gt5 in my home directory I get a blank page.

  - by MT

  When using gt5 in various directories on my system (including my home directory) I get blank results. If I limit the max-depth enough, I get results. For example, in my home directory 'gt5 --max-depth 2' produces a listing, while 'gt5 --max-depth 3' produces a blank page. I've noticed that the temporary html file that gets created in tmp (such as '/tmp/gt5.9035.kJVM08Y9/gt5.html' is a zero-byte file. I can successfully do a du in the same directory (which is what I thought gt5 was using), so I'm not sure what to check?

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• Rules for setting hostname [duplicate]

  - by Ilia Rostovtsev

  This question already has an answer here: Hostnames - What are they all about? 5 answers Setting the hostname: FQDN or short name? 6 answers It's thought that for the hostname should be used FQDN. I have a doubts about whether using: host.domain.ltd and domain.ltd for the hostname is the same thing and will be equally correct / acceptable? I'm willing to use domain.ltd for the hostname. Is it alright?

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• "Network is unreachable" When pinging google, can connect to internal computers on debian VM

  - by musher

  Similar to this SU question: "Network is unreachable" when attempting to ping google, but internal addresses work Actually, it's pretty much the same base issue. I went through that thread trying to find a solution, I changed my resolv.conf: before: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver [my gateway] nameserver [my gateway2] I changed it to: after: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 However, any time I reboot the computer the resolv.conf gets overwritten to the previous version (the 'before' above). The issues began after I installed virtualbox additions, X server and (specifically) LXDE: Cat of apt history.log: Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:42 Commandline: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-dkms Install: x11-xkb-utils:amd64 (7.7+1, automatic), libxaw7:amd64 (1.0.12-2, automatic), xfonts-utils:$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:56 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:18:39 Commandline: apt-get install lxde Install: desktop-base:amd64 (7.0.3, automatic), libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 (3.12.4-1, automatic), lxmenu-d$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:21:52 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:26:40 Commandline: apt-get upgrade Upgrade: libio-socket-ssl-perl:am ifconfig on the guest: root@Peridot:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:89:c9:20 og inet addr:172.31.2.102 Bcast:172.31.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe89:c920/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2281 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:266507 (260.2 KiB) TX bytes:120554 (117.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) The adapter in VBox is a bridged adapter directly onto my ethernet connection; as are my other 2 VMs (which work) Other SU questions I've tried: "connect: Network is unreachable" in VirtualBox VM

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• Can't install back a purged package in Ubuntu

  - by systemsfault

  Hello all i've just migrated my desktop machine to Ubuntu 10.04. My problem is that i've purged a package and can't install this package back. Because I can't see it in the aptitude or apt-get's package list. I think I have play with some configurations. How can i fix this issue?

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• Configuring snedmail to forward mail for a specific domain to a specific mail server without using M

  - by aHunter

  I am new to sendmail and would like to configure sendmail to forward all mail for a specific email address to another internal mail server. I need it to ignore the MX records and only send it to the server I specify but am not sure which files to edit or how to configure the sendmail config. Is it sufficiant to add the server to the /etc/hosts and the /etc/mail/local-host-names files? Thanks in advance.

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• Ubuntu IP Configuration - multiple subnets & interfaces

  - by HaydnWVN

  Have a 'new' mailserver running postfix on Ubuntu. We are having some problems configuring the subnets & interfaces. Basically 2 subnets (.253. & .254.) need to be connected through the 3rd subnet (.252.) where the Router is residing. # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.62.254.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.254.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.62.253.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.253.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 #gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-nameservers 10.62.252.138 dns-search ***.com auto eth2 iface eth2 inet static address 10.62.252.199 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.62.252.0 broadcast 10.62.255.255 gateway 10.62.252.138 #dns-nameservers 10.62.254.199 10.62.253.199 10.62.252.199 dns-search ***.com I have an external support company who are looking into this (they built and configured this server), but it's taking far too long... So I'm looking to highlight the mistake!

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• How can I measure TCP timeout limit on NAT firewall for setting keepalive interval?

  - by jmanning2k

  A new (NAT) firewall appliance was recently installed at $WORK. Since then, I'm getting many network timeouts and interruptions, especially for operations which would require the server to think for a bit without a response (svn update, rsync, etc.). Inbound SSH sessions over VPN also timeout frequently. That clearly suggests I need to adjust the TCP (and ssh) keepalive time on the servers in question in order to reduce these errors. But what is the appropriate value I should use? Assuming I have machines on both sides of the firewall between which I can make a connection, is there a way to measure what the time limit on TCP connections might be for this firewall? In theory, I would send a packet with gradually increasing intervals until the connection is lost. Any tools that might help (free or open source would be best, but I'm open to other suggestions)? The appliance is not under my control, so I can't just get the value, though I am attempting to ask what it currently is and if I can get it increased.

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• rsync not writing files

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm trying to setup rsync to backup a remote directory to my local drive. I cd to the directory that I want to pull the files to, then I enter: rsync -vrtW [email protected]:~/public_html I enter the password then it starts running. I get all the files listed, but none of them actually transfer. What am I missing? Thanks

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• DirectAdmin Centos4 server has virus

  - by Rogier21

  Hello all, I have a problem with a webserver that runs Centos4 with DirectAdmin. Since a few weeks some websites hosted on it are not redirecting on search engines properly, they are redirected to some malware site, resulting in a ban from google. Now I have used 3 virusscanners: ClamAV: Didn't find anything Bitdefender: Found a 2-3 files with JS infection, deleted them AVG: Finds lots of files, but doesn't have the option to clean! The virus that it finds is: JS/Redir JS/Dropper Still the strange thing is: website a (www.aa.com) does not have any infected files (have gone through all the files manually, is a custom PHP app, nothing special) but does still have the same virus. Website b (www.bb.com) does have the infected files as only one. I deleted all these files and suspended the account, but no luck, still the same error. I do get the log entries on the website from the searchengines so the DNS entries are not changed. But now I have gone through the httpd files but cannot find anything. Where can I start looking for this?

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