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• Consultations with ATG Development at OpenWorld 2014

  - by Steven Chan (Oracle Development)

  Our OpenWorld 2014 San Francisco conference is about six weeks away.  We have a great lineup of sessions this year.  Our EBS Applications Technology track sessions are listed here, and we'll have a more-detailed article about those soon. One of the advantages of attending OpenWorld is that you can meet face-to-face with senior staff in ATG Development.  You can use these meetings to discusss your questions, requirements, plans, and deployment architectures with us. There are several options for doing this: At general sessions: collar the speaker of your choice after his or her presentation. At the Meet The Experts sessions:  these are first-come first-served round-table discussions Setting up private meetings via your Oracle account manager The last option is best if you have lots of in-depth questions or confidential details about your implementation that cannot be discussed in front of other customers.  Many of this blog's experts, including me, will be attending OpenWorld this year.  If you'd like to meet with us privately, please contact your Oracle account manager to arrange that as soon as possible.  My calendar, in particular, is already starting to fill up.  It is often completely full by the time OpenWorld starts. See you there!

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• What are some ways to separate game logic from animations and the draw loop?

  - by TMV

  I have only previously made flash games, using MovieClips and such to separate out my animations from my game logic. Now I am getting into trying my hand at making a game for Android, but the game programming theory around separating these things still confuses me. I come from a background of developing non game web applications so I am versed in more MVC like patterns and am stuck in that mindset as I approach game programming. I want to do things like abstract my game by having, for example, a game board class that contains the data for a grid of tiles with instances of a tile class that each contain properties. I can give my draw loop access to this and have it draw the game board based on the properties of each tile on the game board, but I don't understand where exactly animation should go. As far as I can tell, animation sort of sits between the abstracted game logic (model) and the draw loop (view). With my MVC mindset, it's frustrating trying to decide where animation is actually supposed to go. It would have quite a bit of data associated with it like a model, but seemingly needs to be very closely coupled with the draw loop in order to have things like frame independent animation. How can I break out of this mindset and start thinking about patterns that make more sense for games?

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• Most important research article for software development [closed]

  - by Fabian Fagerholm

  Researchers all over the world collectively publish thousands of articles on software development topics every year, hoping to benefit practical software development in the long run. (Of course, some of them only publish to increase their publication count, but hopefully most still aim to advance the field.) But what is really useful for practical software development? Of all the research articles you have read, what do you consider being the most important one for the software development field? What is it about that article that makes it stand out as especially important in your view? Note: I deliberately chose the term "software development", but you can freely interpret it as "programming" or "software engineering", or anything else that fits into the "software development" category.

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• Why are MVC & TDD not employed more in game architecture?

  - by secoif

  I will preface this by saying I haven't looked a huge amount of game source, nor built much in the way of games. But coming from trying to employ 'enterprise' coding practices in web apps, looking at game source code seriously hurts my head: "What is this view logic doing in with business logic? this needs refactoring... so does this, refactor, refactorrr" This worries me as I'm about to start a game project, and I'm not sure whether trying to mvc/tdd the dev process is going to hinder us or help us, as I don't see many game examples that use this or much push for better architectural practices it in the community. The following is an extract from a great article on prototyping games, though to me it seemed exactly the attitude many game devs seem to use when writing production game code: Mistake #4: Building a system, not a game ...if you ever find yourself working on something that isn’t directly moving your forward, stop right there. As programmers, we have a tendency to try to generalize our code, and make it elegant and be able to handle every situation. We find that an itch terribly hard not scratch, but we need to learn how. It took me many years to realize that it’s not about the code, it’s about the game you ship in the end. Don’t write an elegant game component system, skip the editor completely and hardwire the state in code, avoid the data-driven, self-parsing, XML craziness, and just code the damned thing. ... Just get stuff on the screen as quickly as you can. And don’t ever, ever, use the argument “if we take some extra time and do this the right way, we can reuse it in the game”. EVER. is it because games are (mostly) visually oriented so it makes sense that the code will be weighted heavily in the view, thus any benefits from moving stuff out to models/controllers, is fairly minimal, so why bother? I've heard the argument that MVC introduces a performance overhead, but this seems to me to be a premature optimisation, and that there'd more important performance issues to tackle before you worry about MVC overheads (eg render pipeline, AI algorithms, datastructure traversal, etc). Same thing regarding TDD. It's not often I see games employing test cases, but perhaps this is due to the design issues above (mixed view/business) and the fact that it's difficult to test visual components, or components that rely on probablistic results (eg operate within physics simulations). Perhaps I'm just looking at the wrong source code, but why do we not see more of these 'enterprise' practices employed in game design? Are games really so different in their requirements, or is a people/culture issue (ie game devs come from a different background and thus have different coding habits)?

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• Is it a good idea to make a game for one aspect ratio and arbitrary screen resolution?

  - by Mimars

  After several very small games I have decided to make something more standalone (2D) and playable. However, I have met the problem of every game that is going to be played in more screen resolutions. Basically, after some research I see that there are several solutions. This seems to be the simplest one: Let's say I define a constant aspect ratio for the game (16:9) and the whole game will be created for a resolution 1680 x 1050. The game will be rendered in this resolution and then I will be able to scale the render to match the player's display resolution. Therefore the game might be playable on almost any resolution, while it would keep the aspect ratio. So, if the game was run on 4:3 display, the top and the bottom of the display would be filled with black color. It seems easy, but my question is - Is this a good approach for a simple game? The game will be simple, but I want to maintain high quality.

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• Stateless game design

  - by L. De Leo

  I'm facing a challenge understanding how to program a web version of a card game that is completely stateless. I create my object graph when the game begins and distribute cards to PlayerA and PlayerB so I lay them out on the screen. At this point I could assume that HTML and the querystring is what holds at least some of my state and just keep a snapshot copy of the game state on the server-side for the sole purpose of validating the inputs I receive from the web clients. Still it appears to me that the state of the game is by its nature mutable: cards are being dealt from the deck, etc... Am I just not getting it? Or should I just strive to minimize the side-effects of my functions to the objects that I take as my input? How would you design a stateless card game?

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• How can I make my PHP development environment more efficient?

  - by pixel

  I want to start a home-brew pet project in PHP. I've spent some time in my life developing in PHP and I've always felt it was hard to organize the development environment efficiently. In my previous PHP work, I've used a windows desktop machine and a linux server for development. This configuration had it's advantages: it's easy to configure Apache (and it's modules)/PHP/MySql on a linux box, and, at the time, this configuration was the same like on production server. However, I never successfully set up a debug connection between my Eclipse install and X-debug on server. Transferring files from my local workspace to the server was also very annoying (either ftp or Bazaar script moving files from repository to web root). For my new setup, I'm considering installing everything on my local machine. I'm afraid that it will slow down workstation performance (LAMP + Eclipse), and that compatibility problems will kick-in. What would you recommend? Should I develop using two separate machines? On one? Do you have experience using one of above configurations in your work?

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• How can I make my PHP development environment more efficient?

  - by pixel

  I want to start a home-brew pet project in PHP. I've spent some time in my life developing in PHP and I've always felt it was hard to organize the development environment efficiently. In my previous PHP work, I've used a windows desktop machine and a linux server for development. This configuration had it's advantages: it's easy to configure Apache (and it's modules)/PHP/MySql on a linux box, and, at the time, this configuration was the same like on production server. However, I never successfully set up a debug connection between my Eclipse install and X-debug on server. Transferring files from my local workspace to the server was also very annoying (either ftp or Bazaar script moving files from repository to web root). For my new setup, I'm considering installing everything on my local machine. I'm afraid that it will slow down workstation performance (LAMP + Eclipse), and that compatibility problems will kick-in. What would you recommend? Should I develop using two separate machines? On one? Do you have experience using one of above configurations in your work?

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• I need a very rapid game engine with as many presets as possible [closed]

  - by GLycan

  I have to make a game about the immune system (with as many grotesque simplifications as I want) in roughly two weeks. I'm thinking of something along the lines of bubble tanks, but I think I can roll with pretty much anything that fits the following: Working engine that handles mouvement, objects The fighting system can be done in any way that allows a bare minimum of configuration Scripting should be, preferably, Python Art should be customizable I'm hoping that there is some existing game that I could adapt. Any sggestions (aside from not leaving projects until later) ?

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• Should the main game object be static in c++

  - by Som_kun

  I am creating a 2d platformer using SDL and I was thinking that my game object could be static, but I wasn't sure if this was a good idea. The pros (that I can see): Accessing settings options (such as screen size and keyboard bindings) would be easier accessed There should only ever be one main game loop, so this makes sure for me. The cons: From what I've heard, static classes in C++ are a bear to work with I've read that this may cause problems later in development (things don't work right or can't be used properly

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• Why are (almost) all the on-line games written in ActionScript (Flash) not Java?

  - by MasterPeter

  I absolutely love good defender games (e.g. Gemcraft, Protector: reclaiming the throne) as they can be intellectually quite challenging; it's like playing chess but a little less thinking a bit more action. Sadly, there are not that many good ones out there and I thought I would create one myself and share it with the rest of the world by making it available on-line. I have never worked with ActionScript but when it comes to on-line games, this is the main choice. I have tried to find a decent 2D game in the form of a Java applet but to no avail. Why is this so? I could write the game, most comfortably, in Delphi for Win32 but then people would need to download the executable, which could deter some form downloading it, and also it would only work on Windows. I am also familiar with Java, having worked with Java for the last four years or so. Although I don't have much experience with games programming. Should I note be deterred by the fact that all online games are written for in Flash and create my defender game as a Java applet, or should I consider learning ActionScript and games development for the ActionScript Virtual Machine (AS3 looks very much like Java... but still, it's an entirely new technology to me and I might never use it professionally.) Could you, please, just answer the the question in the title? Why Flash, not Java applets? Is it only 'politics'?

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• Setting up an efficient and effective development process

  - by christopher-mccann

  I am in the midst of setting up the development environment (PHP/MySQL) for my start-up. We use three sets of servers: LIVE - the servers which provide the actual application TEST - providing a testing version before it is actually released DEV - the development servers The development servers run SVN with each developer checking out their local copy. At the end of each day completed fixes are checked in and then we use Hudson to automate our build process and then transfer it over to TEST. We then check the application still functions correctly using a tester and then if everything is fine move it to LIVE. I am happy with this process but I do have two questions: How would you recommend we do local testing - as each developer adds new pages or changes functionality I want them to be able to test what they are doing. Would you just setup local Apache and a local database and have them test locally on their own machine? How would you recommend dealing with data layer changes? Is there anything else you would recommend doing to really make our development process as easy and efficient as possible? Thanks in advance

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• Resources for setting up a Visual Studio/C++ development environment

  - by Tom H.

  I haven't done much "front-end" development in about 15 years since moving to database development. I'm planning to start work on a personal project using C++ and since I already have MSDN I'll probably end up doing it in Visual Studio 2010. I'm thinking about using Subversion as a version control system eventually. Of course, I'd like to get up and running as quickly as I can, but I'd also like to avoid any pitfalls from a poorly organized project environment. So, my question is, are there any good resources with common best practices for setting up a development environment? I'm thinking along the lines of where to break down a solution into multiple projects if necessary, how to set up a unit testing process, organizing resources, directories, etc. Are there any great add-ons that I should make sure I have set up from the start? Most tutorials just have one simple project, type in your code and click on build to see that your new application says, "Hello World!". This will be a Windows application with several DLLs as well (no web development), so there doesn't need to be a deploy to a web server kind of process. Mostly I just want to make sure that I don't miss anything big and then have to extensively refactor because of it. Thanks!

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• Seperation of game- and rendering logic

  - by Qua

  What is the best way to seperate rendering code from the actually game engine/logic code? And is it even a good idea to seperate those? Let's assume we have a game object called Knight. The Knight has to be rendered on the screen for the user to see. We're now left with two choices. Either we give the Knight a Render/Draw method that we can call, or we create a renderer class that takes care of rendering all knights. In the scenario where the two is seperated the Knight should the knight still contain all the information needed to render him, or should this be seperated as well? In the last project we created we decided to let all the information required to render an object be stored inside the object itself, but we had a seperate component to actually read those informations and render the objects. The object would contain information such as size, rotation, scale, and which animation was currently playing and based on this the renderer object would compose the screen. Frameworks such as XNA seem to think joining the object and rendering is a good idea, but we're afraid to get tied up to a specific rendering framework, whereas building a seperate rendering component gives us more freedom to change framework at any given time.

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• AJAX vs ActiveX/Flash for browser-based game

  - by iconiK

  I have been following the usage of JavaScript for the past few years, and with the release of extremely fast scripting engines (V8, SquirrelFish Extrene, TraceMonkey, etc.) the possibilities of JavaScript have increased dramatically. However, the usage share of Internet Explorer coupled with it's total lack of support for recent standards makes me want to drop a bomb on Microsoft's HQ, as it creates a huge amount of problems for any website. The game will need to be pretty dynamic client-side, with animations and other eye-candy things, but not a full-blown game like those that run directly in the OS using DirectX or OpenGL. However, this might be a little stretch for JavaScript and will certainly feel extremely slow in Internet Explorer (given that the current IE engine can be hundreds of times slower than SFX; gotta see what IE9 will bring), would it be better to just do the whole thing in Flash? I know this means requiring the plug-in AND I have no experience whatsoever with Flash (other than browsing YouTube :P). It also means I can't just output directly from PHP, I would have to use XML or some other format to pass data to it (JSON is directly integrated in JS and PHP can deal with it easily). Another idea would be to provide an alternative interface just for IE, though I don't know how (ActiveX maybe? or with Flash, then why not just provide it to all browsers) or totally not supporting it and requiring the use of other browsers, although this is plain stupid from a business perspective. So here am I, wondering what approach to take and thus asking for your advice. How should I build the client-side? AJAX in all browsers, Flash in all browsers or a mix (AJAX for "modern" browsers and something else for the "grandpa": IE).

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• Generic FSM for game in C++ ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  Hello, I was wondering if there's a way I could code some kind of "generic" FSM for a game with C++?. My game has a component oriented design, so I use a FSM Component. my Finite State Machine (FSM) Component, looks more or less this way. class gecFSM : public gecBehaviour { public: //Constructors gecFSM() { state = kEntityState_walk; } gecFSM(kEntityState s) { state = s; } //Interface void setRule(kEntityState initialState, int inputAction, kEntityState resultingState); void performAction(int action); private: kEntityState fsmTable[MAX_STATES][MAX_ACTIONS]; }; I would love to hear your opinions/ideas or suggestions about how to make this FSM component, generic. With generic I mean: 1) Creating the fsmTable from an xml file is really easy, I mean it's just a bunch of integers that can be loaded to create an MAX_STATESxMAX_ACTION matrix. void gecFSM::setRule(kEntityState initialState, int inputAction, kEntityState resultingState) { fsmTable[initialState][inputAction] = resultingState; } 2) But what about the "perform Action" method ? void gecFSM::performAction(int action) { switch( smTable[ ownerEntity->getState() ][ action ] ) { case WALK: /*Walk action*/ break; case STAND: /*Stand action*/ break; case JUMP: /*Jump action*/ break; case RUN: /*Run action*/ break; } } What if I wanted to make the "actions" and the switch generic? This in order to avoid creating a different FSM component class for each GameEntity? (gecFSMZombie, gecFSMDryad, gecFSMBoss etc ?). That would allow me to go "Data Driven" and construct my generic FSM's from files for example. What do you people suggest?

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• Keeping sync in multiplayer RTS game that uses floating point arithmetic

  - by Calmarius

  I'm writing a 2D space RTS game in C#. Single player works. Now I want to add some multiplayer functionality. I googled for it and it seems there is only one way to have thousands of units continuously moving without a powerful net connection: send only the commands through the network while running the same simulation at every player. And now there is a problem the entire engine uses doubles everywhere. And floating point calculations are depends heavily on compiler optimalizations and cpu architecture so it is very hard to keep things syncronized. And it is not grid based at all, and have a simple phisics engine to move the space-ships (space ships have impulse and angular-momentum...). So recoding the entire stuff to use fixed point would be quite cumbersome (but probably the only solution). So I have 2 options so far: Say bye to the current code and restart from scratch using integers Make the game LAN only where there is enough bandwidth to have 8 players with thousands of units and sending the positions and orientation etc in (almost) every frame... So I looking for better opinions, (or even tips on migrating the code to fixed-point without messing everything up...)

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• iPhone shooter game bullet physics!

  - by user298261

  Hello, Making a new shooter game here in the vein of "Galaga" (my fav shooter game growing up). Here's the code I have for bullet physics: -(IBAction)shootBullet:(id)sender{ imgBullet.hidden = NO; timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.05 target:self selector:@selector(fireBullet) userInfo:Nil repeats:YES]; } -(void)fireBullet{ imgBullet.center = CGPointMake(imgBullet.center.x + bulletVelocity.x , imgBullet.center.y + bulletVelocity.y); if(imgBullet.center.y <= 0){ imgBullet.hidden = YES; imgBullet.center = self.view.center; [timer invalidate]; } } Anyway, the obvious issue is that once the bullet leaves the screen, its center is being reset, so I'm reusing the same bullet for each press of the "fire" button. Ideally, I would like the user to be able to spam the "fire" button without causing the program to crash. How would I tinker this existing code so that a bullet object would spawn on the button press each time, and then despawn after it exits the screen, or collides with an enemy? Thank you for any assistance you can offer!

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• HTML5 Canvas and Game Programming

  - by LemonBeagle

  I hope this isn't too open ended. I'm wondering if there is a better (more battery-friendly) way of doing this -- I have a small HTML 5 game, drawn in a canvas (let's say 500x500). I have some objects whose positions I update every 50ms or so. My current implementation re-draws the entire canvas every 50ms. I can't imagine that being very good for battery life on mobile platforms. Is there a better way to do this? This must be a common pattern with games. EDIT: as requested, here are some more updates: Right now, the objects are geometric primitives drawn via arcs and lines. I'm not opposed to making these small png/jpg/gif files instead of that'd help out. These are small graphics -- just 15x15 or so. As the game progresses, more and more of the screen changes at a time. However, at the start, the screen changes relatively slowly (the objects randomly moved a few pixels every 50ms).

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• Remote iPhone / xCode application development?

  - by ANE

  4 java developers are new to iPod Touch/iPhone app development. They have an idea for an app. They have never used Xcode or Macs before. Instead of spending money for a new iMac or Mac Mini for each of them, my boss would like to sell them a $999 Apple server, hosted at a facility connected a single T1 line, and have all 4 people work remotely in Xcode. Is this feasible? Is anyone doing anything like this? Specifically, is 1 T1 enough for realistic remote app development? Would they have to work in black & white via Logmein or Gotomeeting to get decent speed? Can four people work remotely together on an Xcode project at the same time? Do they absolutely need their own Macs to connect their iPod Touches or iPhones physically to, or can they connect to their existing PCs with iTunes and install their in-development apps that way?

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• Languages and development methodologies

  - by Carlos

  Having never worked with Ruby on Rails, I looked it up on Wikipedia. It says It is intended to be used with an Agile development methodology that is used by web developers for rapid development. This got me asking how a given language/framework can be more appropriate for given development methodologies. Are there certain languages that are more friendly for pair programming, for instance? Are there language features that make certain methodologies are more appropriate? Are there features that make certain methodologies impossible? My initial reaction is to dismiss the connection (the design process is a business process, which is more dependent on business needs that language features). But I'm an only programmer within the firm, and I'm a partner, so I get to decide the business needs. What do you think? Also, if the SO community finds that certain languages point towards certain methodologies, what methodology is most common for c#, which is what I use most of the time?

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• Minimum Hardware requirements for Android development

  - by vishwanath

  I need information about minimum hardware requirement I need to have better experience in developing Android application. My current configuration is as follows. P4 3.0 GHz, 512 MB of ram. Started with Hello Android development on my machine and experience was sluggish, was using Eclipse Helios for development. Emulator used to take lot of time to start. And running program too. Do I need to upgrade my machine for the development purpose or is there anything else I am missing on my machine(like heavy processing by some other application I might have installed). And If I do need to upgrade, do I need to upgrade my processor too(that counts to new machine actually, which I am not in favor of), or only upgrading RAM will suffice.

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• Managing Team Development on Shared Website

  - by stjowa

  I need to know the best way to manage team web-development on a shared server (hostgator). I have done some individual web development on a shared server in the past, and I have always setup SVN through SSH to have a pretty-nice development workflow (version control, quick-commits, work though eclipse/subclipse, etc). However, I also know that with that setup, I had to make some pretty-sophisticated post-commit hooks to export the repository to /public_html; and, therefore, making the repository code testable. This seems like a tedious and error-prone setup for an entire team. I would like to be able to: Easily test the latest code in the repository. Somewhat easily move the code in the repository to production. Use an IDE like eclipse/subclipse to easily work with the repository. With this in mind, does anyone know of a good version-control/repository setup for developing a website with a team of about 4-5 people? Thanks a lot.

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• The Utilization of Software Engineering Development Principles

  - by Chance

  Being a CS student I've had to take a course in basic software engineering. I was a little curious to find such elaborate "software development processes", like the spiral model, the waterfall model, et cetera. Some of these methodologies seem a little antiquated to me and, after speaking with several employed developers, I can't seem to find anyone who actually adheres to these models. Does anyone here have experience working under the guidance of these models? Were they useful to you and your team during the development of your product? Or are these models just some way to communicate a sense of progression to interested parties outside of the development team?

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• Most common software development mistakes

  - by hgulyan

  Inspired by Dealing with personal failure, I remembered my own failed software development experience. Finally I agreed to rewrite existing application. It took me less than a week to rewrite existing app and more up to 2 months to write from zero my own. That 2 months were really hard and interesting. It was my first big software development process. I researched almost everything concerning to my application. Read Code Complete. Even some articles on how to create user interface. Some psychology stuff. Typography, Colors. DAL, DB Structure, SOA, Patterns, UML, Load testing etc. I hope, that after a month or 2 I would get opportunity to continue working on my failed project, but before that, I would like to ask: What are common mistakes in software development? What you shouldn't do in any case?

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