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• How can I boot a vm on Hyper-V 2012 when it has a virtual hard-drive missing?

  - by Zone12

  We have a Hyper-V 2012 server with 8 VM's on. We have attached extra virtual hard-drives to each of the computers to store backups on. These drives are stored on a NAS. After a power failure, we tried to boot the VM's and found that they couldn't be booted without the attached backup drives. We couldn't boot the NAS at that point and so we had to remove all the extra drives manually, boot the VM's and re-attach the drives at a later date when we got the NAS back up and running. These backup drives are non-essential to the running of the system. I would like to know if there is a way to boot a VM on Hyper-V 2012 with some of the hard-drives (scsi) missing so that we can recover automatically from a power failure.

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• Why might one hard disk perform slower than another?

  - by Styne666

  I have just bought two WD 3TB Reds (WD30EFRX) for a FreeNAS box and whilst doing burn-in testing it seems like one is consistently taking about 10% longer than the other. So far I've done: a dd read test of the whole device, a long SMART test and it's currently halfway through a badblocks -wvs. The second device is lagging behind the first on all of them. I'm running these commands on Debian stable in two Konsole tabs. Is there a reason this could be considered normal behaviour or is it worth running the tests independantly? They're both plugged in to the LSI 2308 (IT mode) on a Supermicro X10SL7-F.

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• Does a hard drive degrade if we always write to the same directory?

  - by code-gijoe

  I have a very heavy I/O application that is constantly receiving data through the network and writing to a specific directory on the HDD. Then, the application need to load the files from that specific place. One of my clients has been experiencing slowness and when I try to access the directory it takes quite long before I can see the content. My gut feeling is the HDD is degrading due to high I/O for a couple of years and I'm thinking of changing the HDD. Is there a benefit to write to multiple directories instead of using always the same? BTW he is using Windows XP.

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• Reclaim Vertical UI Space by Adding a Toolbar to the Left or Right Side of Firefox

  - by Asian Angel

  Do you need to make the most efficient use possible of vertical UI space on your system’s screen, but have horizontal space to spare? Now you can shift the toolbar icons and their awesome functionality to a slim sidebar in Firefox using the Vertical Toolbar extension. As you can see above the sidebar even picked up on our Personas Theme to help it blend in nicely with the rest of the browser. You can access the options for the new toolbar by right clicking within the toolbar area. These are the options for the toolbar…you can choose the side of Firefox that works best for toolbar placement, adjust display, hiding, & animation settings, define how the buttons display, and add/remove additional buttons as desired. Once you open the Customize Toolbar Window make any desired additions or removals just like you would before on the top UI section and close when finished. Note: Works with Firefox 4.0b7pre – 4.0.* Vertical Toolbar [Mozilla Add-ons] Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How to Enable User-Specific Wireless Networks in Windows 7 How to Use Google Chrome as Your Default PDF Reader (the Easy Way) How To Remove People and Objects From Photographs In Photoshop Ask How-To Geek: How Can I Monitor My Bandwidth Usage? Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware Comix is an Awesome Comics Archive Viewer for Linux Get the MakeUseOf eBook Guide to Speeding Up Windows for Free Need Tech Support? Call the Star Wars Help Desk! [Video Classic] Reclaim Vertical UI Space by Adding a Toolbar to the Left or Right Side of Firefox Androidify Turns You into an Android-style Avatar Reader for Android Updates; Now with Feed Widgets and More

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• How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk

  - by The Geek

  We’ve covered loads of different anti-virus, Linux, and other boot disks that help you repair or recover your system, but why limit yourself to just one? Here’s how to combine your favorite repair disks together to create the ultimate repair toolkit for broken Windows systems—all on a single flash drive. The ones we’ve covered already? Here’s a quick list of all the ways you can recover your system with a rescue disk: How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC How to Use the BitDefender Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC How to Use the Kaspersky Rescue Disk to Clean Your Infected PC Change or Reset Windows Password from a Ubuntu Live CD The 10 Cleverest Ways to Use Linux to Fix Your Windows PC Change Your Forgotten Windows Password with the Linux System Rescue CD Use Ubuntu Live CD to Backup Files from Your Dead Windows Computer If you need to clean up an infected system, we’d absolutely recommend the BitDefender CD, since it’s auto-updating. Best bet? Create your ultimate boot disk with as many of the different utilities as your flash drive can hold Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 The 50 Best How-To Geek Windows Articles of 2010 The 20 Best How-To Geek Explainer Topics for 2010 How to Disable Caps Lock Key in Windows 7 or Vista How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC Luigi Installs Any OS on Google’s Cr-48 Notebook DIY iPad Stylus Offers Pen-Based Interaction on the Cheap Serene Blue Ubuntu Wallpaper for Your Desktop Enjoy Old School Style Video Game Fun with Chicken Invaders Hide the Twitter “Litter” in Twitter’s Sidebar Area (Chrome and Iron) Public Domain Day: Reflections on Copyright and the Importance of Public Domain

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• Ubuntu Server 13.10 can't mount hard drive that is on my router

  - by Keytachi626

  So I am working currently with my Ubuntu server which I have it on my laptop at the moment so I can test out how to work with the server OS. I have it up and running with samba, openSSH, webmin, and plexmedia server. My problem is that I can't seem to get the server to get to the router hard drive. I have a TP-link wdr3500. The format of the hard drive is a FAT32. What I've tried: install cifs. sudo vi /etc/fstab Type out \\ \tplinklogin.net\volume1 \mnt\media cifs guest 0 0 I have also tried out \\\192.168.0.1\volume1 \mnt\media cifs guest 0 0 But then when I go to terminal and do sudo mount -a, I usually get a error saying wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on //ipaddress/dns/volume1 , missing codepage or helper program, or other error. But in dmesg it will say unable to determine destination address. So am I doing something wrong here? I can't install the hard drive on to my laptop since my family is constantly using it to transfer data back and forth on it and they get mad at me if I just take it away.

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• Lost files after installing Ubuntu

  - by Joshua Rosato

  I installed Ubuntu on my laptop over windows, I had 2 partitions on one hard disk. It seems like my second partition is gone with all my files. How can I recover the old files? They weren't on the same partition as Windows. I read that the partition has probably just not been mounted so ran sudo fdisk -l to find all the partitions and then ran sudo mount, however I can't tell from the results of sudo mount what is not mounted and I am also unsure how to mount it once I find the unmounted partition. sudo fdisk -l - Results Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002c6dc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris sudo mount - Results /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw) systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=joshy1)

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• How to view/mount other partitions on your hard drive

  - by Preston Zacharias

  Recently I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 Beta 2 on a USB flash drive and decided to install it on an old external HDD which I have taken out of the casing and succesfully mounted in my desktop computer. There is no other operating system besides the newly install Ubuntu. However, there is about 500gb of data on the drive. This is why i used a partitioning software on my windows 7 netbook to partition the hard drive to set aside 1tb for files, 350gb of space for linux and the remaining 650gb for Vista which i plan on installing soon. But this is where the problem sets in...when installing Ubuntu it does not recognize that the drive is partitioned at all, it's just one big open block of space...so I used the installers built in partitioning feature to set aside 300gb for main Ubuntu install and 50gb for swap space. I set both of these partitions to be created at the "end" so that it wouldn't delete or write over my data. And this is where i am really lost; when booting into Ubuntu i am able to use it perfectly fine, got on internet, etc...but i have NO CLUE as to how i can view files that were previously on the drive (all of my data that i had prior to install). How can I mount/be able to view the other partition so that i can have access to my data? Thank you ahead of time! I REALLY appreciate any help or advice! ~Preston

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• Sharing My Thoughts on Space Flight

  - by Grant Fritchey

  This went out in the DBA newsletter from Red Gate, but I enjoyed writing it so much, I thought I'd share it to a wider audience: I grew up watching the US space program. I watched men walk on the moon for the first time in 1969, when I was only six years old. From that moment on, I dreamed of going into space. I studied aeronautics and tried to get into the Air Force Academy, all in preparation for my long career as an astronaut. Clearly, that didn't quite work out for me. But it sure could for you. At Red Gate, we're running a new contest: DBA in Space. The prize is a sub-orbital flight. When I first got word of this contest, my immediate response was, "And you need me to go right away and do a test flight? Excellent!" No, no test flight needed, plus I was pretty low on the list of volunteers. "That's OK, I'll just enter." Then I was told that, as a Red Gate employee, I couldn't win. My next response was, "I quit".eventually, I was talked down off the ledge, and agreed to help make this special for some other DBA. Many (most?) of us are science fiction fans, either the soft science of Star Trek and Star Wars, or the hard science of Niven and Pournelle, or Allen Steele. We watched the Shuttles go up and land. We've been dreaming of our own trips into orbit and our vacation-home on the Moon for a long, long time. All that might not arrive on schedule, but you've got a shot at breaking clear of the atmosphere. The first stage is a video quiz, starring Brad McGehee, and it's live at www.DBAinSpace.com now. Go for it. Good luck and God speed!

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• How to make and restore incremental snapshots of hard disk

  - by brunopereira81

  I use Virtual Box a lot for distro / applications testing purposes. One of the features I simply love about it is virtual machines snapshots, its saves a state of a virtual machine and is able to restore it to its former glory if something you did went wrong without any problems and without consuming your all hard disk space. On my live systems I know how to create a 1:1 image of the file system but all the solutions I'v known will create a new image of the complete file system. Are there any programs / file systems that are capable of taking a snapshot of a current file system, save it on another location but instead of making a complete new image it creates incremental backups? To easy describe what I want, it should be as dd images of a file system, but instead of only a full backup it would also create incremental. I am not looking for clonezilla, etc. It should run within the system itself with no (or almost none) intervention from the user, but contain all the data of the file systems. I am also not looking for a duplicity backup your all system excluding some folders script + dd to save your mbr. I can do that myself, looking for extra finesse. I'm looking for something I can do before doing massive changes to a system and then if something when wrong or I burned my hard disk after spilling coffee on it I can just boot from a liveCD and restore a working snapshot to a hard disk. It does not need to be daily, it doesn't even need a schedule. Just run once in a while and let it its job and preferably RAW based not file copy based.

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• JavaScript 3D space ship rotation

  - by user36202

  I am working with a fairly low-level JavaScript 3D API (not Three.js) which uses euler angles for rotation. In most cases, euler angles work quite well for doing things like aligning buildings, operating a hovercraft, or looking around in the first-person. However, in space there is no up or down. I want to control the ship's roll, pitch, and yaw. To do that, some people would use a local coordinate system or a permenant matrix or quaternion or whatever to represent the ship's angle. However, since I am not most people and am using a library that deals exclusively in euler angles, I will be using relative angles to represent how to rotate the ship in space and getting the resulting non-relative euler angles. For you math nerds, that means I need to convert 3 euler angles (with Y being the vertical axis, X representing the pitch, and Z representing a roll which is unaffected by the other angles, left-handed system) into a 3x3 orientation matrix, do something fancy with the matrix, and convert it back into the 3 euler angles. Euler to matrix to euler. Somebody has posted something similar to this on SO (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1217775/rotating-a-spaceship-model-for-a-space-simulator-game) but he ended up just working with a matrix. This will not do for me. Also, I am using JavaScript, not C++. What I want essentially are the functions do_roll, do_pitch, and do_yaw which only take in and put out euler angles. Many thanks.

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• No space left on disk

  - by Ned

  folks. I'm trying to copy/move files to an external 1 TB hard drive with about 50 GB remaining space. I receive a "no space left on disk" when I try. I've moved files off and retried, but still get the same message. Disk Usage Analyzer, Properties, and freeware Treesize all report available hard drive space of about 50 GB. I've tried df -i (50 GB available) and df -k, with the latter reporting only 1% of inode usage. I've been able to save files from Firefox to the drive also. I can't even rename files without getting the message. Yesterday in the midst of trying to figure this out I tried to move 4 files to the drive and got the message. Today, I found them on the drive. What's up with that? (That's the only time that has happened to my knowledge.) Is this an ubuntu problem? or is my hard drive just about to fail because of something like a controller problem? Any thoughts would be appreciated.

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• LibGDX drawing map using tiles without space

  - by Enayat Muradi

  I am making a board game. To draw the map on the board I use different tiles. On some screen the map looks good but on some other screens there is a space between the tiles. How can I do so there won't be any space between the tiles? I am designing my game with the size 480x800. To fit other screens I stretch it. My tiles looks like this: I draw the map using a for loop to draw the tile in different (x,y) position on screen. Here is what I mean with space between tiles: Screen with 240x400 Screen with 360x600, here there is no spacing between tiles. I use camera and the screen to draw I don't use stage. I have also tried to use Viewport but I get the same results. cam = new OrthographicCamera();cam.setToOrtho(true, gameWidth, gameHeight); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); How can I do to solve the problem?

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• New Write Flash SSDs and more disk trays

  - by Steve Tunstall

  In case you haven't heard, the Write SSDs the ZFSSA have been updated. Much faster now for the same price. Sweet. The new write-flash SSDs have a new part number of 7105026 , so make sure you order the right ones. It's important to note that you MUST be on code level 2011.1.4.0 or higher to use these. They have increased in IOPS from 6,000 to 11,000, and increased throughput from 200MB/s to 350MB/s.    Also, you can now add six SAS HBAs (up from 4) to the 7420, allowing one to have three SAS channels with 12 disk trays each, for a new total of 36 disk trays. With 3TB drives, that's 2.5 Petabytes. Is that enough for you? Make sure you add new cards to the correct slots. I've talked about this before, but here is the handy-dandy matrix again so you don't have to go find it. Remember the rules: You can have 6 of any one kind of card (like six 10GigE cards), but you only really get 8 slots, since you have two SAS cards no matter what. If you want more than 12 disk trays, you need two more SAS cards, so think about expansion later, too. In fact, if you are going to have two different speeds of drives, in other words you want to mix 15K speed and 7,200 speed drives in the same system, I would highly recommend two different SAS channels. So I would want four SAS cards in that system, no matter how many trays you have. 

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• Partition does not start on physical sector boundary?

  - by jasmines

  I've one HD on my laptop, with two partitions (one ext3 with Ubuntu 12.04 installed and one swap). fdisk is giving me a Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary warning. What is the cause and do I need to fix it? If so, how? This is sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 testine, 63 settori/tracce, 91201 cilindri, totale 1465149168 settori Unità = settori di 1 * 512 = 512 byte Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Identificativo disco: 0x5a25087f Dispositivo Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 1448577023 724288480+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda2 1448577024 1465147391 8285184 82 Linux swap / Solaris This is sudo lshw related result: *-disk description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD7500BPKT-0 vendor: Western Digital physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 01.0 serial: WD-WX21CC1T0847 size: 698GiB (750GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=5a25087f *-volume:0 description: EXT3 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: cc5c562a-bc59-4a37-b589-805b27b2cbd7 size: 690GiB capacity: 690GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files recover ext3 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2010-02-27 09:18:28 filesystem=ext3 modified=2012-06-23 18:33:59 mount.fstype=ext3 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-06-28 00:20:47 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Linux swap volume physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: 1 serial: 16a7fee0-be9e-4e34-9dc3-28f4eeb61bf6 size: 8091MiB capacity: 8091MiB capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096 These are related /etc/fstab lines: UUID=cc5c562a-bc59-4a37-b589-805b27b2cbd7 / ext3 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 UUID=16a7fee0-be9e-4e34-9dc3-28f4eeb61bf6 none swap sw 0 0

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• external hard drive not detected after ubuntu crash [restarting machine]

  - by Netmoon

  today i tried to watch movie [with vlc media player] from my external hard drive [expansion portable 500 GB], and it's play good, then pause the movie and play it again, and my Ubuntu crashed! [Ubuntu 12.04]i had to restart the machine, so did it, but after that Ubuntu can't recognize this hard drive! i changed USB cable but it was not effective. this is my dmesg command result : [ 191.281630] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 9 using ehci_hcd [ 191.353527] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.529115] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.704669] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ehci_hcd [ 191.776524] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.952202] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 192.127772] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd [ 192.534742] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 11, error -32 [ 192.606749] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 12 using ehci_hcd [ 193.013696] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 12, error -32 [ 193.013906] hub 2-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3 note: I am able to hear the sound of the external drive lens. When attach hard drive to usb port, the status light goes on, but it's low bright and i think its power is low! try to mount in Microsoft Windows 7, but nothing happened.

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• Upgrading a hard disk – To repave or to migrate, that is the question

  - by guybarrette

  I recently changed my laptop hard disk from the stock 250GB 5400 drive to a 320GB 7200 drive.  And no, I didn’t bought a SSD drive because the cost is way too much right now.  At $70, my upgrade was a lot cheaper than a SSD drive.  Maybe next year. When changing a system main hard drive, one must ask himself: To repave or to migrate, that is the question.  I choose to migrate so I went to the Acronis Website to take a look at their product line.  They have a few products that could do the job.  One being Acronis Migrate Easy 7.0 and the other being Acronis True Image Home 2010.  Since True Image was just $10 more then Migrate Easy, I bought True Image. I inserted my new hard drive in a 2.5” USB enclosure, and started the migration process.  Once the data copied, I switched the drives.  The process went very smoothly and without hiccups.  Highly recommended. BTW, Acronis offers free trials so I guess that nothing can stop you from “testing” a migration  ;-) var addthis_pub="guybarrette";

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• Booting Ubuntu 12.04 from external eSATA disk

  - by Lord of Scripts

  This is my system topology: Disk #1 (SATA Internal) C: D: (Windows 7 Ultimate) Disk #2 (SATA Internal) E: (Windows Backup) Disk #3 (eSATA External) H: I: (Other windows data) /dev/sdc3 Linux Swap /dev/sdc4 Extended partition /dev/sdc5 Linux / So, I originally had there Ubuntu 8.1 from years ago but never got to use it. Now I used the Ubuntu 12.04 Live CD to install on that same location (That live CD takes a century to boot on a 6GB Intel i7 system...). The installation went fine, I selected it to install on /dev/sdc5 but it never asked me for any boot stuff, where I wanted to install Grub or whatever it is that it uses nowaways (I come from the LILO days when it always worked :-) So, yet again I can't access my new Linux installation. I have to wait a century to boot the "Live" CD and it allows me to see my new installation but I can't do anything with it. I tried the approach of this blog post. Copied the linux.bin of /dev/sdc5 into C: and used the BCDEdit steps to declare the new OS. So when I boot I see the Windows Boot menu and select Linux and after than I only get a black screen with a blinking cursor on the upper left. I can boot into Windows though. So, perhaps it didn't install the boot code on /dev/sdc5? I used this setup years ago booting from Windows with a BIN file: dd if=/dev/sdc5 of=/mnt/share/C/linux.bin bs=512 count=1 I am very reluctant to run GRUB because years ago I did and it wiped out my Windows boot sector and took quite some effort to recover it and be able to boot Windows again. I have been trying to install GRUB on a blank USB stick but I can't find anything clear enough. My system does NOT have a floppy. So can someone give me some ideas about how to get control of my Ubuntu 12.04 installation?

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• Emacs stops taking input when a file has changed on disk [migrated]

  - by recf

  I'm using Emacs v24.3.1 on Windows 8. I had a file change on disk while I had an Emacs buffer open with that file. As soon as I attempt to make a change to the buffer, a message appears in the minibuffer. Fileblah.txt changed on disk; really edit the buffer? (y, n, r or C-h) I would expect to be able to hit r to have it reload the disk version of the file, but nothing happens. Emacs completely stops responding to input. None of the listed keys work, nor do any other keys as far as I can tell. I can't C-g out of the minibuffer. Alt-F4 doesn't work, not does Close window from the task bar. I have to kill the process from task manager. Anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong here? In cases it's various modes not playing nice with each other, for reference, my init.el is here. Nothing complex. Here's the breakdown: better-defaults (ido-mode, remove menu-bar, uniquify buffer `forward, saveplace) recentf-mode custom frame title visual-line-mode require final newline and delete trailing whitespace on save Markdown mode with auto-mode-alist Flyspell with Aspell backend Powershell mode with auto-mode-alist Ruby auto-mode-alist Puppet mode with auto-mode-alist Feature (Gherkin) mode with auto-mode-alist The specific file was a markdown file with Github-flavored Markdown mode and Flyspell mode enabled.

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• btrfs and missing free space

  - by easteregg

  I converted my ext4 partition to btrfs and deleted the save subvolume after doing so. Then I enabled the compression (lzo) of the filessystem in the fstab file and everything is correct so far. Then I forced the compression of all files using the defragmentation command with the parameter -c that the new compression is applied to all files. While doing so, I noticed that my ssd got completly filled up - before I had 6gigs of free space. No I got nothing left. easteregg@x201s:~$ btrfs fi df / Data: total=50.00GB, used=49.17GB System: total=32.00MB, used=4.00KB Metadata: total=24.50GB, used=9.86GB and easteregg@x201s:~$ df -ha Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 75G 60G 852M 99% / So now. How can I regain my free space. I expected to gain more space because of the lzo compression. And now! The fs is correctly mounted. easteregg@x201s:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type btrfs (rw,noatime,ssd,compress=lzo) Any ideas how to fix this issue?

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• questions about dual-boot install Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7 on same hard drive

  - by Tim

  I'd like to dual-boot install Ubuntu 10.04 on the same hard drive as Windows 7 which has already been installed. As to sources on the internet: I found a website iinet about dual-boot installation of Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 on the same hard drive, which I think more specific than the one on Ubuntu Community without specific version of the OSes. Since I am installing Ubuntu 10.04 instead of 10.10, my question is whether their installers are same or almost same and if I can follow iinet for my dual-boot installation? Or are there better websites for information about dual-boot installtion of Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7? As to shrinking Windows partitions to make free space for Ubuntu partitions: iinet uses the partition software in Ubuntu's installer to shrink the Windows partition. But I saw in many website that the partition software in Ubuntu's installer cannot guarantee shrinking Windows 7 partitions successfully, so they recommended in general to shrink Windows partitions under Windows itself using its softwares. For example, in Ubuntu Community, it says: Some people think that the Windows partition must be resized only from within Windows Vista and Windows 7 using the shrink/resize option. ... If you use GParted Partition Editor in the Ubuntu Live CD be careful. So I was wondering which way to go in my situation? As to partition for bootloader files: In iinet, I don't see there is a partition created and dedicated to boot files (i.e. Grub files). However, I saw in many websites strongly suggesting using a boot partition for Grub files, especially for the purpose of separation and protection from installed OS files. I was wondering which way I should choose and why? As to installing bootloader Grub, in iinet, I see that to install Grub it only needs to specify the hard drive device for bootloader installation. However, in ubuntuguide(for more than 2 OSes and Ubuntu 9.04), some commands are needed to run in order to put Grub configuration files in MBR, and OS partition, for the chain-load process (where to find the files for the next stage). In Ubuntu Community, there are some related sentences which I don't quite understand how to do in practice: the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk. The MBR code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. If you have a problem with changing the MBR code, you might prefer to just install the code for pointing to GRUB to the first sector of your Ubuntu partition instead. If you do that during the Ubuntu installation process, then Ubuntu won't boot until you configure some other boot manager to point to Ubuntu's boot sector. Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=112156 about it. Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called EasyBCD, developed and mastered in during the times of Vista Beta already. EasyBCD is user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend EasyBCD. In what is quoted above, I was wondering how exactly I should change the MBR code to point to the bootloader in Ubuntu? if I fail to change MBR code, are the other suggested boot managers being bcdedit.exe and EasyBCD in Windows? With the three sources above, which one shall I follow? Thanks and regards

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• e2fsck extremely slow, although enough memory exists

  - by kaefert

  I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there is some problem that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg ... [ 113.084079] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [ 113.217783] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3320 [ 113.217787] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1 [ 113.217790] usb 2-1: Product: Expansion Desk [ 113.217792] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Seagate [ 113.217794] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: NA4J4N6K [ 113.435404] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 113.455315] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 113.468051] scsi5 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 113.468180] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 113.468182] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 114.473105] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate Expansion Desk 070B PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! ... So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and e2fsck scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So the numbers in the lseek lines before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if those numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. UPDATE2: Okey, big disappointment, the numbers are back to very small again (2012-11-07_0720) lseek(4, 52174548992, SEEK_SET) = 52174548992 read(4, "\374\312\22\\\325\215\213\23\0357U\222\246\370v^f(\312|f\212\362\343\375\373\342\4\204mU6"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 46603526144, SEEK_SET) = 46603526144 write(4, "\370\261\223\227\23?\4\4\217\264\320_Am\246CQ\313^\203U\253\274\204\277\2564n\227\177\267\343"..., 4096) = 4096 so either e2fsck goes over the data multiple times, or it just hops back and forth multiple times. Or my assumption that those numbers are bytes is wrong. UPDATE3: Since it's mentioned here http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?t=282125&page=2 that you can testisk while e2fsck is running, i tried that, though not with a lot of success. When asking testdisk to display the data of my partition, this is what I get: TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org 1 P Linux 0 4 5 45600 40 8 732566272 Can't open filesystem. Filesystem seems damaged. And this is what strace currently gives me (2012-11-07_1030) lseek(4, 212460343296, SEEK_SET) = 212460343296 read(4, "\315Mb\265v\377Gn \24\f\205EHh\2349~\330\273\203\3375\206\10\r3=W\210\372\352"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 47347830784, SEEK_SET) = 47347830784 write(4, "]\204\223\300I\357\4\26\33+\243\312G\230\250\371*m2U\t_\215\265J \252\342Pm\360D"..., 4096) = 4096 (times are in CET)

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• Increase samba space on open suse 12.1

  - by Kapil Sharma

  I know linux basics but not an expert. IT guy left the job here and there is some time before new hire. So sorry if question is very basic. We have local testing server based on Open SUSE 12.1, which also act as shared drive between dev/mgmt team here and using Samba for that. Now we are running out of space on samba, even though server's 2*1TB harddisk is nearly 90% free. My question is, what is limiting Samba and how can I increase its limit? We need around at least 500 GB as shared drive but currently its just 25 GB. I don't need step by step answer, just a link to any helpful article would be sufficient. Probably I'm putting wrong keywords in google so not getting any helpful link. EDIT: Output of commands in the first comment. All commands were run as root user df -h (getting error with df -ht) Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / devtmpfs 2.0G 36K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 1.1M 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /run /dev/sda2 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/run tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /media tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/lock /dev/sda3 36G 31G 3.3G 91% /home fdisk -l /dev/[hmsv]d* Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2d4a2d49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 16771071 8384512 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 * 16771072 79681535 31455232 83 Linux /dev/sda3 79681536 156301311 38309888 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda1: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1043 cylinders, total 16769024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda2: 32.2 GB, 32210157568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3915 cylinders, total 62910464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sda3: 39.2 GB, 39229325312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4769 cylinders, total 76619776 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda3 doesn't contain a valid partition table vgs No volume groups found lvs No volume groups found output of vi /etc/samba/smb.conf # smb.conf is the main Samba configuration file. You find a full commented # version at /usr/share/doc/packages/samba/examples/smb.conf.SUSE if the # samba-doc package is installed. # Date: 2011-11-02 [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP passdb backend = tdbsam printing = cups printcap name = cups printcap cache time = 750 cups options = raw map to guest = Bad User include = /etc/samba/dhcp.conf logon path = \\%L\profiles\.msprofile logon home = \\%L\%U\.9xprofile logon drive = P: usershare allow guests = Yes [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S, %D%w%S browseable = No read only = No inherit acls = Yes [profiles] comment = Network Profiles Service path = %H read only = No store dos attributes = Yes create mask = 0600 directory mask = 0700 [users] comment = All users path = /home read only = No inherit acls = Yes veto files = /aquota.user/groups/shares/ [groups] comment = All groups path = /home/groups read only = No inherit acls = Yes [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/tmp printable = Yes create mask = 0600 browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/drivers write list = @ntadmin root force group = ntadmin create mask = 0664 directory mask = 0775 [allusers] comment = All Users path = /home/shares/allusers valid users = @users force group = users create mask = 0660 directory mask = 0771 writable = yes

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• unreadable corrupted ntfs partition - lost clusters reported

  - by Eduardo Martinez

  partition magic is reporting multiple 'bad file record signature' and 'lost clusters' errors on my 250GB samsung sata disk (connected via usb on a xp sp3). Unfortunately PM is unable to fix. PM shows the drive as being NTFS, detects used space ok and also drive name. But PM browser (right click on partition, browse...) won't show anything (as if disk was empty) Windows Explorer is not even picking the drive name and reports 'the file or directory is corrupted and unreadable' PTDD partition table doctor demo tells me the boot sector is fine, and I can see all disk content on its browser - but crucially cannot copy that content over to a new disk (PTDD browser is pretty arid to say the least) Also tried - photorec-6.11.3 - it actually started to extract files but wouldn't keep file names or any folder structure (maybe I missed sth on the configuration options) - find and mount - intellectual scan went well, the only partition on the disk was detected, then tried to mount into p: but got this error on windows explorer: 'p:\ is not accesible. The media is write protected'. Find and mount allows you to create an image from partition but I don't have a disk big enough at hand. Does anyone know if this will keep the extracted files/folders structure intact? I'm starting to think the disk is pretty screwed and my chances to recover this data are slim. Please someone enlighten me with that marvellous piece of software I am missing :-) Thanks in advance

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• DRBD on a disk with existing file system that takes all the place

  - by Karolis T.

  I'm currently trying to simulate the environment via XEN. I have installed two debian systems with such FS layout: cltest1:/etc# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda2 6.0G 417M 5.2G 8% / tmpfs 257M 0 257M 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 16K 10M 1% /dev tmpfs 257M 4.0K 257M 1% /dev/shm Host cltest2 is identical. Here's my drbd.conf global { minor-count 1; } resource mysql { protocol C; syncer { rate 10M; # 10 Megabytes } on cltest1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvda2; address 192.168.1.186:7789; meta-disk internal; } on cltest2 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvda2; address 192.168.1.187:7789; meta-disk internal; } } I have not created filesystem on drbd0 Starting DRBD via init.d script errors out with: Starting DRBD resources: [ d(mysql) /dev/drbd0: Failure: (114) Lower device is already claimed. This usually means it is mounted. [mysql] cmd /sbin/drbdsetup /dev/drbd0 disk /dev/xvda2 /dev/xvda2 internal --set-defaults --create-device failed - continuing! Running: drbdadm create-md mysql gives: cltest1:/etc# drbdadm create-md mysql md_offset 6442446848 al_offset 6442414080 bm_offset 6442217472 Found ext3 filesystem which uses 6291456 kB current configuration leaves usable 6291228 kB Device size would be truncated, which would corrupt data and result in 'access beyond end of device' errors. You need to either * use external meta data (recommended) * shrink that filesystem first * zero out the device (destroy the filesystem) Operation refused. Command 'drbdmeta /dev/drbd0 v08 /dev/xvda2 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 40 drbdadm aborting As I understand, all of my problems are because I don't have unallocated disk space on xvda2. What are my options besides shrinking FS and connecting a separate physical disk? Can't the meta-data be stored on a file in the local filesystem?

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