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• Post raid5 setup reboot shows single hard drive failure on ubuntu 12.10?

  - by junkie

  I just set up raid 5 on linux using three HDDs as per a guide. It all went fine until when I rebooted I got the following text: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Zsfjk.jpg. Does this mean one of my HDDs has failed? How do I check if any of them are failing? I tried using smartctl and didn't see any issues. Or is it nothing to do with failure and something else altogether? I would like to get the raid 5 working again but I'm not sure where to go from here. I'm using ubuntu 12.10 and the three raid disks each have a gpt partition with a single full size partition of filesystem type ext4. Note I only got an error on reboot not while I was creating the raid array which went fine. Thanks.

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• Why does a hard disk suddenly look to Windows as if it "needs to be formatted"?

  - by pufferfish

  This is more of a theory question, but what are the reason(s) for a disk to suddenly cause Windows to start saying it "needs to be formatted"? It happens to an IDE disk that I have in a cheap external enclosure, and I can usually get most of the data back by using software like recuva. It's now happened to an internal disk I have. I'm not looking for software to fix this (although links would be appreciated), but rather a low-level explanation as to what gets corrupted on the disk.

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• What's the easiest way to upgrade a single laptop hard drive?

  - by rutherford

  My HD is coming near the end of it's life and I wondered if producing an image of the original was all that was required? What's the best software to use for this and how can I accomplish it - can I use my other laptop for the image file or do I need to buy an external HD to accomplish the clone? Does having several partitions of both FAT32 and NTFS with partition magic installed affect things at all? Is it just a matter of making the image, swapping in the new HD and copying the image to that?

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• How to recover the data from the crashed (external) hard disk drive (NTFS)?

  - by shveerab

  The 300 GB harddisk has 2 partitions,90 GB and 200 GB! I can see the drives in windows(XP) but unable to access them, the file system is shown as RAW, 0 used space and 0 free space!..chkdsk returns the error "unable to determine volume version and date. chkddsk aborted." Is the MBR corrupt? How do I restore it? TestDisk tool isn't recognizing the partitions and says invalid entry for heads/cylinder, 15 and should be 255 and suggests to change it..Should I go ahead and change it? Please advise!

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• Windows Reformatting

  - by Shimz187

  I recently began formatting a hard drive via USB extenal drive when the power went off. When i powered it up again and connected the drive the drives dont show up under my computer. When i go to disk management, i see the drive but now it says unallocated space. The drive was initialy partitioned into 2 drives. I cant see both drives now. Tried running GetDataBack NTFS recovery tool and it only comes up with errors. There seem to be no information on the drive from the data recovery utility. I know the information is there but how do i find it. HELP!!!!

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• Why does Ubuntu 10.04 not see my hard drives?

  - by CT

  I am trying to install Ubuntu Desktop 10.04 64bit to a new machine. mobo = gigabyte x58a-ud3r cpu = i7 930 ssd = Kingston 64GB V+ hhd = wd 1tb black When the installation gets to the prepare partions step, no partitions are listed. Drives are recognized by BIOS and WinXP setup sees them. I have also tried Ubuntu 9.10. It does not see the drives also. Just searching around I found a suggestion to select "no dmraid" in additional options screen. This did not seem to help. Any ideas?

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• Does downloading Torrents cause excessive wear on hard drives?

  - by Hugo

  I suspect that the most stressful to a HDD is being used as a target for downloading torrents. I plan to get a new HDD and use the old one only for storing downloads in progress. Is this true? How much stress is there on an idle HDD?

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• Reading S.M.A.R.T. statistics on an ESXi?

  - by leeand00

  Is it possible to read S.M.A.R.T. statistics on harddrive in an VMWare ESXi? When I did a backup last night I received an error message that didn't really seem to indicate if the error came from the local drive I was backing up to, or the remote ESXi Virtual Machine's E:\ drive I was backing up from caused the error. When this happened I ran chkdsk on the local drive and on the remote virtual drive. It seems like it worked, I'm no longer getting the error, but if it is something serious, I'd like to know about it before the drive fails. I've already hooked up the backup drive to my system so I can read the the S.M.A.R.T. statistics, but I have no idea how one could do this on a ESXi.

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• Does multi-platter hard-drive use all of their heads to read simultaneously?

  - by WiSaGaN

  Suppose we have a harddisk with 2 platters with characteristics below: Rotational rate: 10, 000 RPM Avg sectors/track: 1000 Surfaces: 4 Sector size: 512 bytes I was reading "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective 2ed" when I found that it calculates transfer time as if it only uses ONE head to read a sector. If that's the case, why not use 4 heads to write(read) on 4 surfaces? So when I write a 2K bytes file, each head should only need to wait for the platters to rotate just one sector length instead of 4, thus reducing the transfer time by a factor of 4. Or even redesign sector to make each sector on one cylinder but on 4 tracks residing same position respectively on 4 surfaces. Each one of (512/4) bytes. So when the hd needs to read a sector of 512 bytes, we only need the disk to rotate roughly 1/4 compare to original time. The idea looks like RAID 0.

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• can power supply affect I/O

  - by user101289

  I have a dev server machine running Ubuntu 12.04. For a long while it's been throwing intermittent errors where it would suddenly tell me "File system is read only" or drop into a GRUB error console on boot. I've done disk checks, bad blocks, etc. and no real problems with the main SATA drive were detected. Finally the drive would not be detected at all-- but neither would other drives I plugged in (via SATA). I plugged the supposedly "bad" drive into another server and it worked fine, no issues, for days-- so I assumed the motherboard had a bad SATA controller, and replaced the motherboard with an identical model. I replaced the drive into the original machine with the new motherboard, rebooted-- and the same issues-- I/O errors, failure to read the drive at all, dropping into GRUB, etc. I'm wondering if there could be some other issue with this machine, that's not related to the drive-- possibly power supply? Thanks for ideas

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• Windows 7 won't recognize my second hard drive after reinstall

  - by Shadur

  I recently suffered a total hardware crash on my windows C: drive. Fortunately, I had a spare disk on hand and set about reinstalling. For some reason, during the install it decided to declare my second windows drive as the booting drive, but once the installation was completed it completely and utterly refuses to acknowledge the filesystem -- I'm not even seeing a drive letter, while it /does/ find the linux partitions on the other two drives (even if it can't read any of them). My first (and most important) question: How can I get windows to re-acknowledge the drive, preferably without losing all the data on it? My second question: How can I tell windows to set up its boot loader on the new C: drive?

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• Why might one hard disk perform slower than another?

  - by Styne666

  I have just bought two WD 3TB Reds (WD30EFRX) for a FreeNAS box and whilst doing burn-in testing it seems like one is consistently taking about 10% longer than the other. So far I've done: a dd read test of the whole device, a long SMART test and it's currently halfway through a badblocks -wvs. The second device is lagging behind the first on all of them. I'm running these commands on Debian stable in two Konsole tabs. Is there a reason this could be considered normal behaviour or is it worth running the tests independantly? They're both plugged in to the LSI 2308 (IT mode) on a Supermicro X10SL7-F.

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• Laptop HDD not mounting.

  - by D3X

  I have a laptop with broken (shorted out) motherboard and a 640 GB HDD. I want to recover my data from the hard disk. Every time I connect the hard disk using an external casing, it is being detected in the disk management service but not visible in my computer, nor accessible through command prompt. The Hard Disk is functioning as I can feel the hard disk rotor working properly when connected using the casing. Also the LED on the hard disk is blinking, the data is there but i am unable to access the data. Someone please suggest me ways of using the hard-disk as a slave disk using casing.

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• Does a hard drive degrade if we always write to the same directory?

  - by code-gijoe

  I have a very heavy I/O application that is constantly receiving data through the network and writing to a specific directory on the HDD. Then, the application need to load the files from that specific place. One of my clients has been experiencing slowness and when I try to access the directory it takes quite long before I can see the content. My gut feeling is the HDD is degrading due to high I/O for a couple of years and I'm thinking of changing the HDD. Is there a benefit to write to multiple directories instead of using always the same? BTW he is using Windows XP.

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• Can't access my accelerated hard disk from msdos after installing linux on ssd cache

  - by Chibueze Opata

  I mistakenly installed Ubuntu on my ssd (forgot my PC actually came with one), when it detected a ~31GiB disk that it wanted to install to, I was a bit confused since I had brought out 30Gb in my primary disk for it, but I clicked continue. After installation, I tried to boot back into my Windows and it brought out some Intel Raid Disk Utility stuff saying I should disable acceleration on a disk something couldn't be found, I canceled it but whatever I tried, recovery tools, setups etc, I couldn't just access the drive which was apparently using the SSD as cache. Since then I've been stuck. I tried setting the 'raid' flag to the disk from 'gParted', still I couldn't. I tried the diskraid utility from windows recover disk, it said it couldn't detect any raid, diskpart sees the partition but doesn't see the volume, when I remove the raid flag, it sees the volume as one of raw type, and I can't access anything. I can however mount the drive from terminal in Ubuntu and access my files, but I don't have any backup media at the moment so I can do a factory re-install. Please how do I go about solving the issue, precisely I would like to know how to boot into the drive again. Thanks!

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• Ubuntu Server 13.10 can't mount hard drive that is on my router

  - by Keytachi626

  So I am working currently with my Ubuntu server which I have it on my laptop at the moment so I can test out how to work with the server OS. I have it up and running with samba, openSSH, webmin, and plexmedia server. My problem is that I can't seem to get the server to get to the router hard drive. I have a TP-link wdr3500. The format of the hard drive is a FAT32. What I've tried: install cifs. sudo vi /etc/fstab Type out \\ \tplinklogin.net\volume1 \mnt\media cifs guest 0 0 I have also tried out \\\192.168.0.1\volume1 \mnt\media cifs guest 0 0 But then when I go to terminal and do sudo mount -a, I usually get a error saying wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on //ipaddress/dns/volume1 , missing codepage or helper program, or other error. But in dmesg it will say unable to determine destination address. So am I doing something wrong here? I can't install the hard drive on to my laptop since my family is constantly using it to transfer data back and forth on it and they get mad at me if I just take it away.

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• "Bootmgr is missing...." Upon reboot [closed]

  - by Gabe

  Possible Duplicate: Install/running ubuntu on extarnal HDD with a windows laptop? Ill take you through the steps I did. Sorry if this question has already been resolved, I'm new to Ubuntu and forums in general. I have 2 internal HDDs in my computer, both with Win7. One HDD is my mothers, the other is mine. I did this because she didn't want my games on her computer, and my PCs motherboard took a crap on me, so I set up a dual boot. I also have an external HDD. This is what I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 on. I formatted the drive by right clicking it, then selecting "Format". It is now in NTSF format. I downloaded the Windows installer, ran it, and selected "I:/" (my externl hdd) as the install location. The download and installation ran smoothly, and it gave me the reboot prompt. I selected "Reboot now" and my PC rebooted. I was then interrupted by the "Bootmgr is missing. Press CTRL + ALT + DEL TO REBOOT" message. NOTE: I would like to use my HDD for a FULL Ubuntu installation, not the Live (i think thats what its called). I want all my files and settings from Ubuntu saved to the External drive as if it was my only drive. If you need more information just ask. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Is a disk/ata timeout exception dangerous?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I have a few hard drives in mdadm RAID 5 configured to go to standby after a few minutes of inactivity. (Using hdparm.conf spindown_time.) At irregular intervals I get messages like these in dmesg: [ 1840.251661] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen [ 1840.251722] ata4.00: failed command: SMART [ 1840.251758] ata4.00: cmd b0/d5:01:06:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 0 pio 512 in [ 1840.251759] res 40/00:14:50:2e:04/00:00:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x4 (timeout) [ 1840.251858] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [ 1840.251888] ata4: hard resetting link [ 1840.600742] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [ 1840.601521] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 1840.601547] ata4: EH complete [337877.713988] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen [337877.714019] ata4.00: failed command: SMART [337877.714038] ata4.00: cmd b0/d5:01:06:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 0 pio 512 in [337877.714039] res 40/00:04:90:10:81/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x4 (timeout) [337877.714089] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [337877.714107] ata4: hard resetting link [337878.063085] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [337878.063743] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [337878.063764] ata4: EH complete I think the exception is caused by smartd when a drive does not wake up quickly enough. There are no issues (that I can tell) in accessing the drives normally through the file system - it takes a few seconds longer than normal when they are asleep, but there are no exceptions. Is this something I should worry about, as a potential symptom on something that could corrupt a drive over time? Or can I safely ignore it as part of normal operation? Edit: By request: smartctl -a for sdaand sde, both disks are members of the array. If ata4is the same as scsi-4 then sde is the one that gave the error above, according to /dev/disk/by-path.

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• How to make and restore incremental snapshots of hard disk

  - by brunopereira81

  I use Virtual Box a lot for distro / applications testing purposes. One of the features I simply love about it is virtual machines snapshots, its saves a state of a virtual machine and is able to restore it to its former glory if something you did went wrong without any problems and without consuming your all hard disk space. On my live systems I know how to create a 1:1 image of the file system but all the solutions I'v known will create a new image of the complete file system. Are there any programs / file systems that are capable of taking a snapshot of a current file system, save it on another location but instead of making a complete new image it creates incremental backups? To easy describe what I want, it should be as dd images of a file system, but instead of only a full backup it would also create incremental. I am not looking for clonezilla, etc. It should run within the system itself with no (or almost none) intervention from the user, but contain all the data of the file systems. I am also not looking for a duplicity backup your all system excluding some folders script + dd to save your mbr. I can do that myself, looking for extra finesse. I'm looking for something I can do before doing massive changes to a system and then if something when wrong or I burned my hard disk after spilling coffee on it I can just boot from a liveCD and restore a working snapshot to a hard disk. It does not need to be daily, it doesn't even need a schedule. Just run once in a while and let it its job and preferably RAW based not file copy based.

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• Ubuntu install can't find hard drives

  - by Casey Hungler

  I recently got a Dell Inspiron Special Edition 7720 computer. I am trying to install Ubuntu along side Windows. When I use the WUBI installer, the installation of Ubuntu works as long as I do not boot into Windows; if I boot into Windows, when I go back into Ubuntu, I am given a variety of error messages which claim to have corrupt or missing kernel/root directory, etc. I have been working with this problem for about a week, and have reinstalled Ubuntu MANY times. So far, I have eliminated all of the following problems: Corrupt WUBI installation (Downloaded multiple times, used on other systems), I have tried using a CD and a flash drive, both of which work on other computers. I know that no program within Ubuntu is creating the problem. I know that others have successfully installed Ubuntu on a computer with my operating system (Windows 7 SP1). This is a much shortened version of the original question, which has been up for about 5 days, and included a more detailed description of the problem, but left everyone clueless as to the source of this problem. When I spoke with the Dell service technician who came over today to replace my keyboard, he suggested that the driver for my HDD was so new that it was not compatible with the current version of Ubuntu. His reasoning is as follows: 1) During an install from a flash drive or CD, where I am supposed to get the option to wipe my system or create a dual boot, I get a window that asks me to select a hard drive partition, but none are listed. 2) This model of computer was made public in June of this year, while Ubuntu was released in April Adopting this theory, it would seem to me that the WUBI install fails after booting into Windows because Ubuntu can no longer find the files that it needs to load. Does this theory seem at all plausible to anyone? I just want to install Ubuntu and have it stay on my computer. I don't care how I put it there, I just need it to work, so I would TRULY appreciate any advice or suggestions anyone could give. Thanks so much for your time and support!!!

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• My new hard drive won't automount on boot

  - by user518

  I installed a new hard drive right before installing the new Ubuntu 11.10 by reformatting, not upgrading. I was able to mount my drive, and partition it. It's a 1TB, and I was able to transfer all of my music, and videos to it. For some reason, it won't mount on boot, and I can't figure out how to manually mount it afterwards either. Here's my current /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=e0fbdf09-f9a0-4336-bac3-ba4dc6cfbcc0 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=adf15180-c84c-4309-bc9f-085fd7464f89 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sdc1 /media/sdc1 ext4 defaults 0 0 The last line is what I added for my hard drive. Here's the output from sudo lshw -C disk: % sudo lshw -C disk ~ *-disk:0 description: ATA Disk product: ST3250310AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 3.AD serial: 6RYBF2QE size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000da204 *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD+-RW DH-16A6S vendor: PLDS physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: YD11 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

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• Keep Windows Installer from using largest drive for temporary files

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  By default Windows Installer uses the largest drive for temporary storage, no matter if that's needed (meaning there would also be enough space on the system drive). Taken from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa371372%28VS.85%29.aspx: During an administrative installation the installer sets ROOTDRIVE to the first connected network drive it finds that can be written to. If it is not an administrative installation, or if the installer can find no network drives, the installer sets ROOTDRIVE to the local drive that can be written to having the most free space. Now my system drive is an SSD, my largest drive is a RAID, that spins down when it's not used. Remember the SSD as system drive? Everything is silent now! Until I install something and Windows Installer wakes up my RAID again just to put a small .tmp file on it... How can I prevent Windows Installer from using the largest drive as temporary storage? Can I maybe set some access rights to disallow the Windows Installer to write on my RAID drive? Any other ideas? Thank you!

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• how do you view / access the contents of a mounted dmg drive through TERMINAL hdiutil diskmount

  - by A. O.

  My external USB drive failed. I made a .dmg image file of the drive using disk utility. Later I was not able to mount the .dmg image. I used terminal hdiutil attach -noverify -nomount name.dmg diskutil list diskutil mountDisk /dev/disk4 then received the following message: Volume(s) mounted successfully However, I cant see the drive or access its contents through Finder. DUtility shows the drive as ghost but I still cant mount it using diskutility. Terminal tells me that the drive is mounted and constantly shows it in the diskutil list. pwd is not the mounted .dmg image. I dont know how to enter into the mounted image drive to see its contents. So in case what I said sounds like I see the files in the mounted image no this is not the case. I do not know how to access or even change the pwd within Terminal. I was hoping to see the mounted drive tru finder but I do not see that. So I need help as to how to find a way to access the mounted image drive if it was really mounted. Terminal says that it was and it shows it under diskutil list as a /dev/disk4. Can someone please help me access the files on this drive?

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• Linux RAID: Replacing Failed Drive...permanantly

  - by user137519

  Okay, odd question here. I have a server with RAID 5. A drive failed, in a really physically in a really odd way. On the machine it boots and is seen by the BIOS but...no partition can be seen on the drive consistantly (in and out). 2 out of 3 drives working...I made new spare disk and added it, RAID 5 rebuilt clean. All appears well but...when I reboot it keeps trying to use the 2nd drive which doesn't give any partition data, so of course the RAID 5 gets 2 out of 3...again. The status of my drive is as follows: /dev/sda2:Good /dev/sdb2 (drive has physical problem so no partition data) bad, /dev/sdc2:good /dev/sdd2:good. Every time I reboot the mdadm system seems to keep trying to use /dev/sdb which has physical failure (although spins and is detected). /dev/sdd is the new drive I created. I added /dev/sdd to the raid and it rebuilds the raid but this action isn't memorized upon reboot so it keeps listing /dev/sda and /dev/sdc but doesn't use the perfectly good /dev/sdd until I re-add manually. I've tried removing the dead drive with the mdadm tool, but as it cannot see /dev/sdb paritions it will not fail or remove it (says partition doesn't exist). the /etc/mdadm.conf was automatically made on the original OS install which only lists: DEVICE partitions MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md2 super-minor=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 super-minor=0 ARRAY /dev/md1 super-minor=1 Basically just the raids to use on boot. I need to remove this semi-dead drive (/dev/sdb) but I'd prefer to know why this is happening before I do. any ideas or suggestions. I supposed I could attempt to clone/replace /dev/sdb (the partitions on drive show up, then disappear shortly after) but given the partition "chester cat" behaviour this seems risky to me and as I have a working "spare" it seems unnecessary. Thanks in advance for your insight.

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• Drive security settings in Windows 8 Pro

  - by Donotalo

  My PC OS is Windows 8 Pro x64. Windows 8 seems confusing. D:\ drive is supposed to be used solely by a single user, who is in Users group of the PC. The requirement is... that user will have full control of D drive. Admins will have full control of D drive. All other users can only list drive contents. No file could be opened. My account is admin account. From D drive's property Security tab, I've set the following: Allow "List folder contents" for Authenticated Users group. Allow "Full control" for SYSTEM. Allow "Full control" to specific user, who's supposed to use the drive. Allow "Full control" for Administrators group of the computer. Allow "List folder contents" for Users group. After setting this up, the specific user have full control of D drive. No other user can open any file on D drive. But though my account is an admin account, no file on D drive could be opened from my account! Why is this happening and how files can be opened from my account? Note: All accounts in this PC are local accounts.

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