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• How to mimic built-in .NET serialization idioms?

  - by Matt Enright

  I have a library (written in C#) for which I need to read/write representations of my objects to disk (or to any Stream) in a particular binary format (to ensure compatibility with C/Java library implementations). The format requires a fair amount of bit-packing and some DEFLATE'd bytestreams. I would like my library, however, to be as idiomatic .NET as possible, however, and so would like to provide an API as close as possible to the normal binary serialization process. I'm aware of the ability to implement the IFormatter interface, but being that I really am unable to reuse any part of the built-in serialization stack, is it worth doing this, or will it just bring unnecessary overhead. In other words: Implement IFormatter and co. OR Just provide "Serialize"/"Deserialize" methods that act on a Stream? A good point brought up below about needing the serialization semantics for any case involving Remoting. In a case where using MarshalByRef objects is feasible, I'm pretty sure that this won't be an issue, so leaving that aside are there any benefits or drawbacks to using the ISerializable/IFormatter versus a custom stack (or, is my understanding remoting incorrectly)?

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• Capturing Set Behavior with Mutating Elements

  - by Carl

  Using the Guava library, I have the following situation: SetMultimap<ImmutableFoo, Set<Foo>> setMM = HashMultimap.create(); Set<Foo> mask = Sets.newHashSet(); // ... some iteration construct { setMM.put(ImmutableFoo1, Sets.difference(SomeSetFoo1,mask)); setMM.put(ImmutableFoo1, Sets.difference(SomeSetFoo2,mask)); mask.add(someFoo); } that is, the same iteration to create the setMM is also used to create the mask - this can of course result in changes to hashCode()s and create duplicates within the SetMultimap backing. Ideally, I'd like the duplicates to drop without me having to make it happen, and avoid repeating the iteration to separately construct the multimap and mask. Any easy libraries/Set implementations to make that happen? Alternatively, can you identify a better way to drop the duplicates than: for (ImmutableFoo f : setMM.keySet()) setMM.putAll(f,setMM.removeAll(f)); revisiting the elements is probably not a performance problem, since I could combine a separate filter operation that needs to visit all the elements anyway.

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• Blocking on DBCP connection pool (open and close connnection). Is database connection pooling in OpenEJB pluggable?

  - by topchef

  We use OpenEJB on Tomcat (used to run on JBoss, Weblogic, etc.). While running load tests we experience significant performance problems with handling JMS messages (queues). Problem was localized to blocking on database connection pool getting or releasing connection to the pool. Blocking prevented concurrent MDB instances (threads) from running hence performance suffered 10-fold and worse. The same code used to run on application servers (with their respective connection pool implementations) with no blocking at all. Example of thread blocked: Name: JMS Resource Adapter-worker-23 State: BLOCKED on org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool@1ea6b4a owned by: JMS Resource Adapter-worker-19 Total blocked: 18,426 Total waited: 0 Stack trace: org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool.returnObject(GenericObjectPool.java:916) org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection.close(PoolableConnection.java:91) - locked org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection@1bcba8 org.apache.commons.dbcp.managed.ManagedConnection.close(ManagedConnection.java:147) com.xxxxx.persistence.DbHelper.closeConnection(DbHelper.java:290) .... Couple of questions. I am almost certain that some transactional attributes and properties contribute to this blocking, but MDBs are defined as non-transactional (we use both annotations and ejb-jar.xml). Some EJBs do use container-managed transactions though (and we can observe blocking there as well). Are there any DBCP configurations that may fix blocking? Is DBCP connection pool implementation replaceable in OpenEJB? How easy (difficult) to replace it with another library? Just in case this is how we define data source in OpenEJB (openejb.xml): <Resource id="MyDataSource" type="DataSource"> JdbcDriver oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver JdbcUrl ${oracle.jdbc} UserName ${oracle.user} Password ${oracle.password} JtaManaged true InitialSize 5 MaxActive 30 ValidationQuery SELECT 1 FROM DUAL TestOnBorrow true </Resource>

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• StructureMap resolve dependency through injection instead of service location

  - by Chris Marisic

  In my project I register many ISerializers implementations with the assembly scanner. FWIW this is the code that registers my ISerializers Scan(scanner => { scanner.AssemblyContainingType<ISerializer>(); scanner.AddAllTypesOf<ISerializer>().NameBy(type => type.Name); scanner.WithDefaultConventions(); }); Which then correctly registers ISerializer (...ISerializer) Scoped as: Transient JsonSerializer Configured Instance of ...JsonSerializer BsonSerializer Configured Instance of ...BsonSerializer And so forth. Currently the only way I've been able to figure out how to resolve the serializer I want is to hardcode a service location call with jsonSerializer = ObjectFactory.GetNamedInstance<ISerializer>("JsonSerializer"); Now I know in my class that I specifically want the jsonSerializer so is there a way to configure a rule or similar that says for ISerializer's to connect the named instance based on the property name? So that I could have MySomeClass(ISerializer jsonSerializer, ....) And StructureMap correctly resolve this scenario? Or am I approaching this wrong and perhaps I should just register the concrete type that implements ISerializer and then just specifically use MySomeClass(JsonSerializer jsonSerializer, ....) for something along these lines with the concrete class?

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• What does it mean that "Lisp can be written in itself?"

  - by Mason Wheeler

  Paul Graham wrote that "The unusual thing about Lisp-- in fact, the defining quality of Lisp-- is that it can be written in itself." But that doesn't seem the least bit unusual or definitive to me. ISTM that a programming language is defined by two things: Its compiler or interpreter, which defines the syntax and the semantics for the language by fiat, and its standard library, which defines to a large degree the idioms and techniques that skilled users will use when writing code in the language. With a few specific exceptions, (the non-C# members of the .NET family, for example,) most languages' standard libraries are written in that language for two very good reasons: because it will share the same set of syntactical definitions, function calling conventions, and the general "look and feel" of the language, and because the people who are likely to write a standard library for a programming language are its users, and particularly its designer(s). So there's nothing unique there; that's pretty standard. And again, there's nothing unique or unusual about a language's compiler being written in itself. C compilers are written in C. Pascal compilers are written in Pascal. Mono's C# compiler is written in C#. Heck, even some scripting languages have implementations "written in itself". So what does it mean that Lisp is unusual in being written in itself?

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• Using TaskDialogIndirect in C#

  - by Dennis Delimarsky

  I've been working for a while with the regular Windows Vista/7 TaskDialog for a while, and I wanted to add some additional functionality (like custom buttons and a footer), so I need to use TaskDialogIndirect. Following the MSDN documentation for TaskDialogIndirect, I got this signature: [DllImport("comctl32.dll",CharSet = CharSet.Unicode,EntryPoint="TaskDialogIndirect")] static extern int TaskDialogIndirect (TASKDIALOGCONFIG pTaskConfig, out int pnButton, out int pnRadioButton, out bool pfVerificationFlagChecked); The TASKDIALOGCONFIG class is shown below: public class TASKDIALOGCONFIG { public UInt16 cbSize; public IntPtr hwndParent; public IntPtr hInstance; public String dwFlags; public String dwCommonButtons; public IntPtr hMainIcon; public String pszMainIcon; public String pszMainInstruction; public String pszContent; public UInt16 cButtons; public TASKDIALOG_BUTTON pButtons; public int nDefaultButton; public UInt16 cRadioButtons; public TASKDIALOG_BUTTON pRadioButtons; public int nDefaultRadioButton; public String pszVerificationText; public String pszExpandedInformation; public String pszExpandedControlText; public String pszCollapsedControlText; public IntPtr hFooterIcon; public IntPtr pszFooterText; public String pszFooter; // pfCallback; // lpCallbackData; public UInt16 cxWidth; } The TASKDIALOG_BUTTON implementation: public class TASKDIALOG_BUTTON { public int nButtonID; public String pszButtonText; } I am not entirely sure if I am on the right track here. Did anyone use TaskDialogIndirect from managed code directly through WinAPI (without VistaBridge or Windows API Code Pack)? I am curious about the possible implementations, as well as the callback declarations (I am not entirely sure how to implement TaskDialogCallbackProc). PS: I am looking for a direct WinAPI implementation, not one through a wrapper.

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• How to make a custom NSFormatter work correctly on Snow Leopard?

  - by Nathan

  I have a custom NSFormatter attached to several NSTextFields who's only purpose is to uppercase the characters as they are typed into field. The entire code for my formatter is included below. The stringForObjectValue() and getObjectValue() implementations are no-ops and taken pretty much directly out of Apple's documentation. I'm using the isPartialStringValid() method to return an uppercase version of the string. This code works correctly in 10.4 and 10.5. When I run it on 10.6, I get "strange" behaviour where text fields aren't always render the characters that are typed and sometimes are just displaying garbage. I've tried enabling NSZombie detection and running under Instruments but nothing was reported. I see errors like the following in "Console": HIToolbox: ignoring exception '*** -[NSCFString replaceCharactersInRange:withString:]: Range or index out of bounds' that raised inside Carbon event dispatch ( 0 CoreFoundation 0x917ca58a __raiseError + 410 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x94581f49 objc_exception_throw + 56 2 CoreFoundation 0x917ca2b8 +[NSException raise:format:arguments:] + 136 3 CoreFoundation 0x917ca22a +[NSException raise:format:] + 58 4 Foundation 0x9140f528 mutateError + 218 5 AppKit 0x9563803a -[NSCell textView:shouldChangeTextInRange:replacementString:] + 852 6 AppKit 0x95636cf1 -[NSTextView(NSSharing) shouldChangeTextInRanges:replacementStrings:] + 1276 7 AppKit 0x95635704 -[NSTextView insertText:replacementRange:] + 667 8 AppKit 0x956333bb -[NSTextInputContext handleTSMEvent:] + 2657 9 AppKit 0x95632949 _NSTSMEventHandler + 209 10 HIToolbox 0x93379129 _ZL23DispatchEventToHandlersP14EventTargetRecP14OpaqueEventRefP14HandlerCallRec + 1567 11 HIToolbox 0x933783f0 _ZL30SendEventToEventTargetInternalP14OpaqueEventRefP20OpaqueEventTargetRefP14HandlerCallRec + 411 12 HIToolbox 0x9339aa81 SendEventToEventTarget + 52 13 HIToolbox 0x933fc952 SendTSMEvent + 82 14 HIToolbox 0x933fc2cf SendUnicodeTextAEToUnicodeDoc + 700 15 HIToolbox 0x933fbed9 TSMKeyEvent + 998 16 HIToolbox 0x933ecede TSMProcessRawKeyEvent + 2515 17 AppKit 0x95632228 -[NSTextInputContext handleEvent:] + 1453 18 AppKit 0x9562e088 -[NSView interpretKeyEvents:] + 209 19 AppKit 0x95631b45 -[NSTextView keyDown:] + 751 20 AppKit 0x95563194 -[NSWindow sendEvent:] + 5757 21 AppKit 0x9547bceb -[NSApplication sendEvent:] + 6431 22 AppKit 0x9540f6fb -[NSApplication run] + 917 23 AppKit 0x95407735 NSApplicationMain + 574 24 macsetup 0x00001f9f main + 24 25 macsetup 0x00001b75 start + 53 ) Can anybody shed some light on what is happening? Am I just using NSFormatter incorrectly? -(NSString*) stringForObjectValue:(id)object { if( ![object isKindOfClass: [ NSString class ] ] ) { return nil; } return [ NSString stringWithString: object ]; } -(BOOL)getObjectValue: (id*)object forString: string errorDescription:(NSString**)error { if( object ) { *object = [ NSString stringWithString: string ]; return YES; } return NO; } -(BOOL) isPartialStringValid: (NSString*) cStr newEditingString: (NSString**) nStr errorDescription: (NSString**) error { *nStr = [NSString stringWithString: [cStr uppercaseString]]; return NO; }

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• Where do you take mocking - immediate dependencies, or do you grow the boundaries...?

  - by Peter Mounce

  So, I'm reasonably new to both unit testing and mocking in C# and .NET; I'm using xUnit.net and Rhino Mocks respectively. I'm a convert, and I'm focussing on writing behaviour specifications, I guess, instead of being purely TDD. Bah, semantics; I want an automated safety net to work above, essentially. A thought struck me though. I get programming against interfaces, and the benefits as far as breaking apart dependencies goes there. Sold. However, in my behaviour verification suite (aka unit tests ;-) ), I'm asserting behaviour one interface at a time. As in, one implementation of an interface at a time, with all of its dependencies mocked out and expectations set up. The approach seems to be that if we verify that a class behaves as it should against its collaborating dependencies, and in turn relies on each of those collaborating dependencies to have signed that same quality contract, we're golden. Seems reasonable enough. Back to the thought, though. Is there any value in semi-integration tests, where a test-fixture is asserting against a unit of concrete implementations that are wired together, and we're testing its internal behaviour against mocked dependencies? I just re-read that and I think I could probably have worded it better. Obviously, there's going to be a certain amount of "well, if it adds value for you, keep doing it", I suppose - but has anyone else thought about doing that, and reaped benefits from it outweighing the costs?

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• Neural Network with softmax activation

  - by Cambium

  This is more or less a research project for a course, and my understanding of NN is very/fairly limited, so please be patient :) ============== I am currently in the process of building a neural network that attempts to examine an input dataset and output the probability/likelihood of each classification (there are 5 different classifications). Naturally, the sum of all output nodes should add up to 1. Currently, I have two layers, and I set the hidden layer to contain 10 nodes. I came up with two different types of implementations 1) Logistic sigmoid for hidden layer activation, softmax for output activation 2) Softmax for both hidden layer and output activation I am using gradient descent to find local maximums in order to adjust the hidden nodes' weights and the output nodes' weights. I am certain in that I have this correct for sigmoid. I am less certain with softmax (or whether I can use gradient descent at all), after a bit of researching, I couldn't find the answer and decided to compute the derivative myself and obtained softmax'(x) = softmax(x) - softmax(x)^2 (this returns an column vector of size n). I have also looked into the MATLAB NN toolkit, the derivative of softmax provided by the toolkit returned a square matrix of size nxn, where the diagonal coincides with the softmax'(x) that I calculated by hand; and I am not sure how to interpret the output matrix. I ran each implementation with a learning rate of 0.001 and 1000 iterations of back propagation. However, my NN returns 0.2 (an even distribution) for all five output nodes, for any subset of the input dataset. My conclusions: o I am fairly certain that my gradient of descent is incorrectly done, but I have no idea how to fix this. o Perhaps I am not using enough hidden nodes o Perhaps I should increase the number of layers Any help would be greatly appreciated! The dataset I am working with can be found here (processed Cleveland): http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Heart+Disease

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• Override ActiveRecord#save, Method Alias? Trying to mixin functionality into save method...

  - by viatropos

  Here's the situation: I have a User model, and two modules for authentication: Oauth and Openid. Both of them override ActiveRecord#save, and have a fair share of implementation logic. Given that I can tell when the user is trying to login via Oauth vs. Openid, but that both of them have overridden save, how do "finally" override save such that I can conditionally call one of the modules' implementations of it? Here is the base structure of what I'm describing: module UsesOauth def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with Oauth!" end def save_with_oauth save end end end end module UsesOpenid def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with OpenID!" end def save_with_openid save end end end end module Sequencer def save if using_oauth? save_with_oauth elsif using_openid? save_with_openid else super end end end class User < ActiveRecord::Base include UsesOauth include UsesOpenid include Sequencer end I was thinking about using alias_method like so, but that got too complicated, because I might have 1 or 2 more similar modules. I also tried using those save_with_oauth methods (shown above), which almost works. The only thing that's missing is that I also need to call ActiveRecord::Base#save (the super method), so something like this: def save_with_oauth # do this and that super.save # the rest end But I'm not allowed to do that in ruby. Any ideas for a clever solution to this?

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• notify listener inside or outside inner synchronization

  - by Jary Zeels

  Hello all, I am struggling with a decision. I am writing a thread-safe library/API. Listeners can be registered, so the client is notified when something interesting happens. Which of the two implementations is most common? class MyModule { protected Listener listener; protected void somethingHappens() { synchronized(this) { ... do useful stuff ... listener.notify(); } } } or class MyModule { protected Listener listener; protected void somethingHappens() { Listener l = null; synchronized(this) { ... do useful stuff ... l = listener; } l.notify(); } } In the first implementation, the listener is notified inside the synchronization. In the second implementation, this is done outside the synchronization. I feel that the second one is advised, as it makes less room for potential deadlocks. But I am having trouble to convince myself. A downside of the second imlementation is that the client might receive 'incorrect' notifications, which happens if it accessed the module prior to the l.notify() statement. thanks a lot

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• Mocking an object that uses jni using EasyMock

  - by Visage

  So my class under test has code that looks braodly like this public void doSomething(int param) { Report report = new Report() ...do some calculations report.someMethod(someData) } my intention was to extract the construction of report into a protected method and override it to use a mock object that I could then test to ensure that someMethod had been called with the right data. So far so good. But Report isnt under my control, and to mkae things worse it uses JNI to load a library at runtime. If I do Report report = EasyMock.createMock(Report.class) then EasyMock attempts to use reflection to find out the class members, but this causes an attempt to load the JNI library, which fails (the JNI libraries are only available on UNIX). Im considering two things: a) Introduce a ReportWrapper interface with two implementations, one of which will delegate calls to an real Report (so basically a Proxy), and a second which will basically use a mock object. or b) instead of calling someMethod, call a protected method which will in turn call someMethod that I can override in a testing subclass. Either way it seems nasty. Any better ways?

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• PHP OOP: Providing Domain Entities with "Identity"

  - by sunwukung

  Bit of an abstract problem here. I'm experimenting with the Domain Model pattern, and barring my other tussles with dependencies - I need some advice on generating Identity for use in an Identity Map. In most examples for the Data Mapper pattern I've seen (including the one outlined in this book: http://apress.com/book/view/9781590599099) - the user appears to manually set the identity for a given Domain Object using a setter: $UserMapper = new UserMapper; //returns a fully formed user object from record sets $User = $UserMapper->find(1); //returns an empty object with appropriate properties for completion $UserBlank = $UserMapper->get(); $UserBlank->setId(); $UserBlank->setOtherProperties(); Now, I don't know if I'm reading the examples wrong - but in the first $User object, the $id property is retrieved from the data store (I'm assuming $id represents a row id). In the latter case, however, how can you set the $id for an object if it has not yet acquired one from the data store? The problem is generating a valid "identity" for the object so that it can be maintained via an Identity Map - so generating an arbitrary integer doesn't solve it. My current thinking is to nominate different fields for identity (i.e. email) and demanding their presence in generating blank Domain Objects. Alternatively, demanding all objects be fully formed, and using all properties as their identity...hardly efficient. (Or alternatively, dump the Domain Model concept and return to DBAL/DAO/Transaction Scripts...which is seeming increasingly elegant compared to the ORM implementations I've seen...)

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• Data Mappers, Models and Images

  - by James

  Hi, I've seen and read plenty of blog posts and forum topics talking about and giving examples of Data Mapper / Model implementations in PHP, but I've not seen any that also deal with saving files/images. I'm currently working on a Zend Framework based project and I'm doing some image manipulation in the model (which is being passed a file path), and then I'm leaving it to the mapper to save that file to the appropriate location - is this common practise? But then, how do you deal with creating say 3 different size images from the one passed in? At the moment I have a "setImage($path_to_tmp_name)" which checks the image type, resizes and then saves back to the original filename. A call to "getImagePath()" then returns the current file path which the data mapper can use and then change with a call to "setImagePath($path)" once it's saved it to the appropriate location, say "/content/my_images". Does this sound practical to you? Also, how would you deal with getting the URL to that image? Do you see that as being something that the model should be providing? It seems to me like that model should worry about where the images are being stored or ultimately how they're accessed through a browser and so I'm inclined to put that in the ini file and just pass the URL prefix to the view through the controller. Does that sound reasonable? I'm using GD for image manipulation - not that that's of any relevance. UPDATE: I've been wondering if the image resizing should be done in the model at all. The model could require that it's provided a "main" image and a "thumb" image, both of certain dimensions. I've thought about creating a "getImageSpecs()" function in the model that would return something that defines the required sizes, then a separate image manipulation class could carry out the resizing and (perhaps in the controller?) and just pass the final paths in to the model using something like "setImagePaths($images)". Any thoughts much appreciated :) James.

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• Adding custom methods to a subclassed NSManagedObject

  - by CJ

  I have a Core Data model where I have an entity A, which is an abstract. Entities B, C, and D inherit from entity A. There are several properties defined in entity A which are used by B, C, and D. I would like to leverage this inheritance in my model code. In addition to properties, I am wondering if I can add methods to entity A, which are implemented in it's sub-entities. For example: I add a method to the interface for entity A which returns a value and takes one argument I add implementations of this method to A, B, C, D Then, I call executeFetchRequest: to retrieve all instances of B I call the method on the objects retrieved, which should call the implementation of the method contained in B's implementation I have tried this, but when calling the method, I receive: [NSManagedObject methodName:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance I presume this is because the objects returned by executeFetchRequest: are proxy objects of some sort. Is there any way to leverage inheritance using subclassed NSManagedObjects? I would really like to be able to do this, otherwise my model code would be responsible for determining what type of NSManagedObject it's dealing with and perform special logic according to the type, which is undesirable. Any help is appreciated, thanks in advance.

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• Threads, Sockets, and Designing Low-Latency, High Concurrency Servers

  - by lazyconfabulator

  I've been thinking a lot lately about low-latency, high concurrency servers. Specifically, http servers. http servers (fast ones, anyway) can serve thousands of users simultaneously, with very little latency. So how do they do it? As near as I can tell, they all use events. Cherokee and Lighttpd use libevent. Nginx uses it's own event library performing much the same function of libevent, that is, picking a platform optimal strategy for polling events (like kqueue on *bsd, epoll on linux, /dev/poll on Solaris, etc). They all also seem to employ a strategy of multiprocess or multithread once the connection is made - using worker threads to handle the more cpu intensive tasks while another thread continues to listen and handle connections (via events). This is the extent of my understanding and ability to grok the thousand line sources of these applications. What I really want are finer details about how this all works. In examples of using events I've seen (and written) the events are handling both input and output. To this end, do the workers employ some sort of input/output queue to the event handling thread? Or are these worker threads handling their own input and output? I imagine a fixed amount of worker threads are spawned, and connections are lined up and served on demand, but how does the event thread feed these connections to the workers? I've read about FIFO queues and circular buffers, but I've yet to see any implementations to work from. Are there any? Do any use compare-and-swap instructions to avoid locking or is locking less detrimental to event polling than I think? Or have I misread the design entirely? Ultimately, I'd like to take enough away to improve some of my own event-driven network services. Bonus points to anyone providing solid implementation details (especially for stuff like low-latency queues) in C, as that's the language my network services are written in.

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• CouchDB, HDFS, HBase or which is right for my situation?

  - by Lucas

  Hello all, This question is regarding data storage systems such as CouchDB, HDFS and HBase, specifically, which is right. I am looking at making a simple and customized Document Management System for my organization. Basically, we need the ability to store some Word Documents, PDFs and other similar files. I also want to store metadata about these files (e.g., Author, Dates, etc). Usage permissions would also be handy, but that can probably be built using meta-data. I would also need the ability to full-text index. The ability to version, while not required would be extremely useful. I would like the ability to simply add hardware to expand the resources of the system and the system must support Network Attached Storage over the CIFS or NFS protocol(s). I have read about CouchDB, HDFS and HBase. My preferred programming language is C# as all of my end-users will be running Windows machines and I will want to make both web and winforms client implementations. My question is which solution best fits my needs? Based on my research it appears that CouchDB (utilizing the CouchDB-Lounge and CouchDB-Lucene) perfectly fits my needs. However, I am worried that since I have worked with CouchDB that I might be overlooking something useful for my needs in HDFS or HBase or something similar due to a bias. Any and all opinions are welcome as I am looking for the community input as I really do not want to make the wrong choice at the start of my project. Please ask if you need more information. I thank you all for your time, input and assistance.

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• What Scheme Does Ghuloum Use?

  - by Don Wakefield

  I'm trying to work my way through Compilers: Backend to Frontend (and Back to Front Again) by Abdulaziz Ghuloum. It seems abbreviated from what one would expect in a full course/seminar, so I'm trying to fill in the pieces myself. For instance, I have tried to use his testing framework in the R5RS flavor of DrScheme, but it doesn't seem to like the macro stuff: src/ghuloum/tests/tests-driver.scm:6:4: read: illegal use of open square bracket I've read his intro paper on the course, An Incremental Approach to Compiler Construction, which gives a great overview of the techniques used, and mentions a couple of Schemes with features one might want to implement for 'extra credit', but he doesn't mention the Scheme he uses in the course. Update I'm still digging into the original question (investigating options such as Petit Scheme suggested by Eli below), but found an interesting link relating to Gholoum's work, so I am including it here. [Ikarus Scheme](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarus_(Scheme_implementation)) is the actual implementation of Ghuloum's ideas, and appears to have been part of his Ph.D. work. It's supposed to be one of the first implementations of R6RS. I'm trying to install Ikarus now, but the configure script doesn't want to recognize my system's install of libgmp.so, so my problems are still unresolved. Example The following example seems to work in PLT 2.4.2 running in DrEd using the Pretty Big (require lang/plt-pretty-big) (load "/Users/donaldwakefield/ghuloum/tests/tests-driver.scm") (load "/Users/donaldwakefield/ghuloum/tests/tests-1.1-req.scm") (define (emit-program x) (unless (integer? x) (error "---")) (emit " .text") (emit " .globl scheme_entry") (emit " .type scheme_entry, @function") (emit "scheme_entry:") (emit " movl $~s, %eax" x) (emit " ret") ) Attempting to replace the require directive with #lang scheme results in the error message foo.scm:7:3: expand: unbound identifier in module in: emit which appears to be due to a failure to load tests-driver.scm. Attempting to use #lang r6rs disables the REPL, which I'd really like to use, so I'm going to try to continue with Pretty Big. My thanks to Eli Barzilay for his patient help.

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• Why should the "prime-based" hashcode implmentation be used instead of the "naive" one?

  - by Wilhelm

  I have seen that a prime number implmentation of the GetHashCode function is being recommend, for example here. However using the following code (in VB, sorry), it seems as if that implementation gives the same hash density as a "naive" xor implementation. If the density is the same, I would suppose there is the same probability of cllision in both implementations. Am I missing anything on why is the prime approach preferred? I am supossing that if the hash code is a byte I do not lose generality for the integer case. Sub Main() Dim XorHashes(255) As Integer Dim PrimeHashes(255) As Integer For i = 0 To 255 For j = 0 To 255 For k = 0 To 255 XorHashes(GetXorHash(i, j, k)) += 1 PrimeHashes(GetPrimeHash(i, j, k)) += 1 Next Next Next For i = 0 To 255 Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}, {2}", i, XorHashes(i), PrimeHashes(i)) Next Console.ReadKey() End Sub Public Function GetXorHash(ByVal valueOne As Integer, ByVal valueTwo As Integer, ByVal valueThree As Integer) As Byte Return CByte((valueOne Xor valueTwo Xor valueThree) Mod 256) End Function Public Function GetPrimeHash(ByVal valueOne As Integer, ByVal valueTwo As Integer, ByVal valueThree As Integer) As Byte Dim TempHash = 17 TempHash = 31 * TempHash + valueOne TempHash = 31 * TempHash + valueTwo TempHash = 31 * TempHash + valueThree Return CByte(TempHash Mod 256) End Function

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• Join + IEqualityComparer<T> and HashCode

  - by Jesus Rodriguez

  Im writing my own LINQ reference but Im getting troubles with some of the more complicated operators implementations. There is a Join implementation that takes a IEqualityComparer Im getting just crazy. Im trying to understand it first before I write (obviously) Image this two lists: List<string> initials = new List<string> {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E"}; List<string> words = new List<string> {"Ant", "Crawl", "Pig", "Boat", "Elephant", "Arc"}; Nothing weird here. I want to join both lists by the Initial, something like: Initial=A Word=Ant Initial=A Word=Arc Initial=B Word=Boat ... I need a comparator, I wrote this: public class InitialComparator : IEqualityComparer<string> { public bool Equals(string x, string y) { return x.StartsWith(y); } public int GetHashCode(string obj) { return obj[0].GetHashCode(); } } The Join itself: var blah = initials.Join(words, initial => initial, word => word, (initial, word) => new {Initial = initial, Word = word}, new InitialComparator()); It's the first time Im using HashCodes, after a good session of debugging I see that every word go to the comparator and look at its HashCode, if another word has the same HashCode it calls equals. Since I want to compare just the initial I though that I just need the first letter Hash (Am I wrong?) The thing is that this is not working correctly. Its says that "Ant" and "Arc" are equals, Ok, its comparing every word in the same list or not, But it adds only the last word it finds, in this case Arc, ignoring Ant and Ant is equals to "A" too... If I put "Ant" and "Ant" it add both. In short, What is the way of doing something like that? I know that Im doing something wrong. Thank you.

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• JMX - MBean automated registration on application deployment

  - by Gadi

  Hi All, I need some direction with JMX and J2EE. I am aware (after few weeks of research) that the JMX specification is missing as far as deployment is concerned. There are few vendor specific implementations for what I am looking for but none are cross vendor. I would like to automate the deployment of MBeans and registration with the Server. I need the server to load and register my MBeand when the application is deployed and remove when the application is un-deployed. I develop with: NetBean 6.7.1, GlassFish 2.1, J2EE5, EJB3 More specific, I need a way to manage timer service runs. My application need to run different archiving agents and batch reporting. I was hoping the JMX will give me remote access to create and manage the timer services and enable the user to create his own schedule. If the JMX is auto registered on application deployment the user can immediately connect and manage the schedule. On the other hand, how can an EJB connect/access an MBean? Many thanks in advance. Gadi.

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• Mocking attributes - C#

  - by bob

  I use custom Attributes in a project and I would like to integrate them in my unit-tests. Now I use Rhino Mocks to create my mocks but I don't see a way to add my attributes (and there parameters) to them. Did I miss something, or is it not possible? Other mocking framework? Or do I have to create dummy implementations with my attributes? example: I have an interface in a plugin-architecture (IPlugin) and there is an attribute to add meta info to a property. Then I look for properties with this attribute in the plugin implementation for extra processing (storing its value, mark as gui read-only...) Now when I create a mock can I add easily an attribute to a property or the object instance itself? EDIT: I found a post with the same question - link. The answer there is not 100% and it is Java... EDIT 2: It can be done... searched some more (on SO) and found 2 related questions (+ answers) here and here Now, is this already implemented in one or another mocking framework?

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• The algorithm used to generate recommendations in Google News?

  - by Siddhant

  Hi everyone. I'm study recommendation engines, and I went through the paper that defines how Google News generates recommendations to users for news items which might be of their interest, based on collaborative filtering. One interesting technique that they mention is Minhashing. I went through what it does, but I'm pretty sure that what I have is a fuzzy idea and there is a strong chance that I'm wrong. The following is what I could make out of it :- Collect a set of all news items. Define a hash function for a user. This hash function returns the index of the first item from the news items which this user viewed, in the list of all news items. Collect, say "n" number of such values, and represent a user with this list of values. Based on the similarity count between these lists, we can calculate the similarity between users as the number of common items. This reduces the number of comparisons a lot. Based on these similarity measures, group users into different clusters. This is just what I think it might be. In Step 2, instead of defining a constant hash function, it might be possible that we vary the hash function in a way that it returns the index of a different element. So one hash function could return the index of the first element from the user's list, another hash function could return the index of the second element from the user's list, and so on. So the nature of the hash function satisfying the minwise independent permutations condition, this does sound like a possible approach. Could anyone please confirm if what I think is correct? Or the minhashing portion of Google News Recommendations, functions in some other way? I'm new to internal implementations of recommendations. Any help is appreciated a lot. Thanks!

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• Considerations when architecting an application using Dependency Injection

  - by Dan Bryant

  I've begun experimenting with dependency injection (in particular, MEF) for one of my projects, which has a number of different extensibility points. I'm starting to get a feel for what I can do with MEF, but I'd like to hear from others who have more experience with the technology. A few specific cases: My main use case at the moment is exposing various singleton-like services that my extensions make use of. My Framework assembly exposes service interfaces and my Engine assembly contains concrete implementations. This works well, but I may not want to allow all of my extensions to have access to all of my services. Is there a good way within MEF to limit which particular imports I allow a newly instantiated extension to resolve? This particular application has extension objects that I repeatedly instantiate. I can import multiple types of Controllers and Machines, which are instantiated in different combinations for a Project. I couldn't find a good way to do this with MEF, so I'm doing my own type discovery and instantiation. Is there a good way to do this within MEF or other DI frameworks? I welcome input on any other things to watch out for or surprising capabilities you've discovered that have changed the way you architect.

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• Google Web Toolkit Asynchronous Call from a Service Implementation

  - by Thor Thurn

  I'm writing a simple Google Web Toolkit service which acts as a proxy, which will basically exist to allow the client to make a POST to a different server. The client essentially uses this service to request an HTTP call. The service has only one asynchronous method call, called ajax(), which should just forward the server response. My code for implementing the call looks like this: class ProxyServiceImpl extends RemoteServiceServlet implements ProxyService { @Override public Response ajax(String data) { RequestBuilder rb = /*make a request builder*/ RequestCallback rc = new RequestCallback() { @Override public void onResponseReceived(Response response) { /* Forward this response back to the client as the return value of the ajax method... somehow... */ } }; rb.sendRequest(data, requestCallback); return /* The response above... except I can't */; } } You can see the basic form of my problem, of course. The ajax() method is used asynchronously, but GWT decides to be smart and hide that from the dumb old developer, so they can just write normal Java code without callbacks. GWT services basically just do magic instead of accepting a callback parameter. The trouble arises, then, because GWT is hiding the callback object from me. I'm trying to make my own asynchronous call from the service implementation, but I can't, because GWT services assume that you behave synchronously in service implementations. How can I work around this and make an asynchronous call from my service method implementation?

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