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  • Virtual host in Apache Zend

    - by llocani
    I'd like to ask you if you can tell me why I can't get Vhost in Apache to work my Vhostconf is: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost _default_:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "E:/Archivos de programa/Zend/Apache2/htdocs" ServerName localhost <Directory "E:/Archivos de programa/Zend/Apache2/htdocs"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> #AllowOveride all </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/HealingHands" ServerName healinghands.loc <Directory "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/HealingHands"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/HealingHands/logs/error.log" CustomLog "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/HealingHands/logs/access.log" common #AllowOveride all </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects" ServerName dev.loc <Directory "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects"> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/logs/error.log" CustomLog "E:/Documents and Settings/dvieira/Mis documentos/NetBeansProjects/logs/access.log" common #AllowOveride all </VirtualHost> My httpd.conf is: ServerRoot "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\Apache2" Listen 80 LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> </IfModule> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\Apache2/htdocs" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html home.php </IfModule> <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> ErrorLog "logs/error.log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access.log" common </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> Alias /NetBeansProjects "E:\Documents and Settings\dvieira\Mis documentos\NetBeansProjects" ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\Apache2/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> </IfModule> <Directory "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\Apache2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz </IfModule> Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include "conf/zend.conf" NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> Include "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\ZendServer/etc/sites.d/zend-default-vhost-80.conf" </VirtualHost> Include "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\ZendServer/etc/sites.d/globals-*.conf" Include "E:\Archivos de programa\Zend\ZendServer/etc/sites.d/vhost_*.conf" And my host in Windows: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 healinghands.loc 127.0.0.1 dev.loc And I can't get any of the browser to recognize dev.loc or healinghands.loc but a ping does it. Localhost is working fine. I've spent 3 days now traying to solve this for my one but I finally quit and have to ask. The error should be this Error Code 11002: host not found. Background: this error indicates that the gateway could not find an authoritative DNS server for the website you are trying to access. Date: 5/20/2013 5:51:03 PM Server: Source: DNS problem. i'd like to add this ping Haciendo ping a healinghands.loc [127.0.0.1] con 32 bytes de datos: Respuesta desde 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128 Respuesta desde 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128 Respuesta desde 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128 Respuesta desde 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 tiempo<1m TTL=128 Estadísticas de ping para 127.0.0.1: Paquetes: enviados = 4, recibidos = 4, perdidos = 0 (0% perdidos), Tiempos aproximados de ida y vuelta en milisegundos: Mínimo = 0ms, Máximo = 0ms, Media = 0ms Today i've tryed something: i've add this domains into the exceptions of mi ie proxy config. This worked for healinghands.loc but not for dev.loc i really do not understand why, both config are exactly the same except for de documentroot. I will continue searching

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  • Wireless Problem on Acer Aspire 5610z

    - by Ugur Can Yalaki
    I installed ubuntu 12.04 on my machine, but I can't get wireless connection to work. My computer is Acer Aspire 5610z. I found that some other people that have same computer, face the same problem. Here is some information about it: ****** info trace ****** * uname -a * Linux ucy-Aspire-5610Z 3.8.0-32-generic #47~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 2 16:22:28 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux * lsb_release * Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise * lspci * 05:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN [14e4:4311] (rev 01) Subsystem: AMBIT Microsystem Corp. Device [1468:0422] Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge 06:01.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX [14e4:170c] (rev 02) Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device [1025:0090] Kernel driver in use: b44 * lsusb * Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04e8:6863 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 002: ID 5986:0100 Acer, Inc Orbicam Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:c52f Logitech, Inc. Wireless Mouse M305 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub * PCMCIA Card Info * PRODID_1="" PRODID_2="" PRODID_3="" PRODID_4="" MANFID=0000,0000 FUNCID=255 * iwconfig * * rfkill * 0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no * lsmod * ssb_hcd 12781 0 ssb 51554 2 ssb_hcd,b44 * nm-tool * NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) Device: usb0 [Wired connection 2] ------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: rndis_host State: connected Default: yes HW Address: Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: on IPv4 Settings: Address: 192.168.42.7 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 192.168.42.129 DNS: 192.168.42.129 IPv6 Settings: Address: ::a05d:a1ff:fea4:1738 Prefix: 64 Gateway: fe80::504d:76ff:fe86:db04 Address: fe80::a05d:a1ff:fea4:1738 Prefix: 64 Gateway: fe80::504d:76ff:fe86:db04 DNS: fe80::504d:76ff:fe86:db04 Device: eth2 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: b44 State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off * NetworkManager.state * [main] NetworkingEnabled=true WirelessEnabled=true WWANEnabled=true WimaxEnabled=true * NetworkManager.conf * [main] plugins=ifupdown,keyfile dns=dnsmasq [ifupdown] managed=false * interfaces * auto lo iface lo inet loopback * iwlist * * resolv.conf * nameserver 127.0.0.1 * blacklist * [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf] blacklist ath_pci [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf] blacklist b43 blacklist b43legacy blacklist ssb blacklist bcm43xx blacklist brcm80211 blacklist brcmfmac blacklist brcmsmac blacklist bcma [/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf] blacklist evbug blacklist usbmouse blacklist usbkbd blacklist eepro100 blacklist de4x5 blacklist eth1394 blacklist snd_intel8x0m blacklist snd_aw2 blacklist i2c_i801 blacklist prism54 blacklist bcm43xx blacklist garmin_gps blacklist asus_acpi blacklist snd_pcsp blacklist pcspkr blacklist amd76x_edac * modinfo * filename: /lib/modules/3.8.0-32-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ssb-hcd.ko license: GPL description: Common USB driver for SSB Bus author: Hauke Mehrtens srcversion: E127A51EDC8F44D2C2A8F15 alias: ssb:v4243id0819rev* alias: ssb:v4243id0817rev* alias: ssb:v4243id0808rev* depends: ssb intree: Y vermagic: 3.8.0-32-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 filename: /lib/modules/3.8.0-32-generic/kernel/drivers/ssb/ssb.ko license: GPL description: Sonics Silicon Backplane driver srcversion: 14621F6EC014F731244437C alias: pci:v000014E4d00004350sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d0000432Csv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d0000432Bsv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004329sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004328sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004325sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004324sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d0000A8D6sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004322sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004321sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004320sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004319sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014A4d00004318sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004318sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004315sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004312sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004311sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004307sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004306sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000014E4d00004301sv*sd*bc*sc*i* depends: intree: Y vermagic: 3.8.0-32-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 686 * udev rules * PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1e.0/0000:06:01.0/ssb1:0 (b44) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0" PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1e.0/0000:06:01.0/ssb2:0 (b44) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1" PCI device 0x14e4:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1e.0/0000:06:01.0/ssb3:0 (b44) SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2" * dmesg * [ 2.385241] ssb: Found chip with id 0x4311, rev 0x01 and package 0x00 [ 2.385256] ssb: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (cc 0x800, rev 0x11, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.385266] ssb: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (cc 0x812, rev 0x0A, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.385276] ssb: Core 2 found: USB 1.1 Host (cc 0x817, rev 0x03, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.385286] ssb: Core 3 found: PCI-E (cc 0x820, rev 0x01, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.448147] ssb: Sonics Silicon Backplane found on PCI device 0000:05:00.0 [ 2.468112] ssb: Found chip with id 0x4401, rev 0x02 and package 0x00 [ 2.468124] ssb: Core 0 found: Fast Ethernet (cc 0x806, rev 0x07, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.468132] ssb: Core 1 found: V90 (cc 0x807, rev 0x03, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.468140] ssb: Core 2 found: PCI (cc 0x804, rev 0x0A, vendor 0x4243) [ 2.508230] ssb: Sonics Silicon Backplane found on PCI device 0000:06:01.0 [ 2.528620] b44 ssb1:0 eth0: Broadcom 44xx/47xx 10/100 PCI ethernet driver ******** done ******** Thank you already for your help.

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  • The Joy Of Hex

    - by Jim Giercyk
    While working on a mainframe integration project, it occurred to me that some basic computer concepts are slipping into obscurity. For example, just about anyone can tell you that a 64-bit processor is faster than a 32-bit processer. A grade school child could tell you that a computer “speaks” in ‘1’s and ‘0’s. Some people can even tell you that there are 8 bits in a byte. However, I have found that even the most seasoned developers often can’t explain the theory behind those statements. That is not a knock on programmers; in the age of IntelliSense, what reason do we have to work with data at the bit level? Many computer theory classes treat bit-level programming as a thing of the past, no longer necessary now that storage space is plentiful. The trouble with that mindset is that the world is full of legacy systems that run programs written in the 1970’s.  Today our jobs require us to extract data from those systems, regardless of the format, and that often involves low-level programming. Because it seems knowledge of the low-level concepts is waning in recent times, I thought a review would be in order.       CHARACTER: See Spot Run HEX: 53 65 65 20 53 70 6F 74 20 52 75 6E DECIMAL: 83 101 101 32 83 112 111 116 32 82 117 110 BINARY: 01010011 01100101 01100101 00100000 01010011 01110000 01101111 01110100 00100000 01010010 01110101 01101110 In this example, I have broken down the words “See Spot Run” to a level computers can understand – machine language.     CHARACTER:  The character level is what is rendered by the computer.  A “Character Set” or “Code Page” contains 256 characters, both printable and unprintable.  Each character represents 1 BYTE of data.  For example, the character string “See Spot Run” is 12 Bytes long, exclusive of the quotation marks.  Remember, a SPACE is an unprintable character, but it still requires a byte.  In the example I have used the default Windows character set, ASCII, which you can see here:  http://www.asciitable.com/ HEX:  Hex is short for hexadecimal, or Base 16.  Humans are comfortable thinking in base ten, perhaps because they have 10 fingers and 10 toes; fingers and toes are called digits, so it’s not much of a stretch.  Computers think in Base 16, with numeric values ranging from zero to fifteen, or 0 – F.  Each decimal place has a possible 16 values as opposed to a possible 10 values in base 10.  Therefore, the number 10 in Hex is equal to the number 16 in Decimal.  DECIMAL:  The Decimal conversion is strictly for us humans to use for calculations and conversions.  It is much easier for us humans to calculate that [30 – 10 = 20] in decimal than it is for us to calculate [1E – A = 14] in Hex.  In the old days, an error in a program could be found by determining the displacement from the entry point of a module.  Since those values were dumped from the computers head, they were in hex. A programmer needed to convert them to decimal, do the equation and convert back to hex.  This gets into relative and absolute addressing, a topic for another day.  BINARY:  Binary, or machine code, is where any value can be expressed in 1s and 0s.  It is really Base 2, because each decimal place can have a possibility of only 2 characters, a 1 or a 0.  In Binary, the number 10 is equal to the number 2 in decimal. Why only 1s and 0s?  Very simply, computers are made up of lots and lots of transistors which at any given moment can be ON ( 1 ) or OFF ( 0 ).  Each transistor is a bit, and the order that the transistors fire (or not fire) is what distinguishes one value from  another in the computers head (or CPU).  Consider 32 bit vs 64 bit processing…..a 64 bit processor has the capability to read 64 transistors at a time.  A 32 bit processor can only read half as many at a time, so in theory the 64 bit processor should be much faster.  There are many more factors involved in CPU performance, but that is the fundamental difference.    DECIMAL HEX BINARY 0 0 0000 1 1 0001 2 2 0010 3 3 0011 4 4 0100 5 5 0101 6 6 0110 7 7 0111 8 8 1000 9 9 1001 10 A 1010 11 B 1011 12 C 1100 13 D 1101 14 E 1110 15 F 1111   Remember that each character is a BYTE, there are 2 HEX characters in a byte (called nibbles) and 8 BITS in a byte.  I hope you enjoyed reading about the theory of data processing.  This is just a high-level explanation, and there is much more to be learned.  It is safe to say that, no matter how advanced our programming languages and visual studios become, they are nothing more than a way to interpret bits and bytes.  There is nothing like the joy of hex to get the mind racing.

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  • Checksum Transformation

    The Checksum Transformation computes a hash value, the checksum, across one or more columns, returning the result in the Checksum output column. The transformation provides functionality similar to the T-SQL CHECKSUM function, but is encapsulated within SQL Server Integration Services, for use within the pipeline without code or a SQL Server connection. As featured in The Microsoft Data Warehouse Toolkit by Joy Mundy and Warren Thornthwaite from the Kimbal Group. Have a look at the book samples especially Sample package for custom SCD handling. All input columns are passed through the transformation unaltered, those selected are used to generate the checksum which is passed out through a single output column, Checksum. This does not restrict the number of columns available downstream from the transformation, as columns will always flow through a transformation. The Checksum output column is in addition to all existing columns within the pipeline buffer. The Checksum Transformation uses an algorithm based on the .Net framework GetHashCode method, it is not consistent with the T-SQL CHECKSUM() or BINARY_CHECKSUM() functions. The transformation does not support the following Integration Services data types, DT_NTEXT, DT_IMAGE and DT_BYTES. ChecksumAlgorithm Property There ChecksumAlgorithm property is defined with an enumeration. It was first added in v1.3.0, when the FrameworkChecksum was added. All previous algorithms are still supported for backward compatibility as ChecksumAlgorithm.Original (0). Original - Orginal checksum function, with known issues around column separators and null columns. This was deprecated in the first SQL Server 2005 RTM release. FrameworkChecksum - The hash function is based on the .NET Framework GetHash method for object types. This is based on the .NET Object.GetHashCode() method, which unfortunately differs between x86 and x64 systems. For that reason we now default to the CRC32 option. CRC32 - Using a standard 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC), this provides a more open implementation. The component is provided as an MSI file, however to complete the installation, you will have to add the transformation to the Visual Studio toolbox by hand. This process has been described in detail in the related FAQ entry for How do I install a task or transform component?, just select Checksum from the SSIS Data Flow Items list in the Choose Toolbox Items window. Downloads The Checksum Transformation is available for SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008 (includes R2) and SQL Server 2012. Please choose the version to match your SQL Server version, or you can install multiple versions and use them side by side if you have more than one version of SQL Server installed. Checksum Transformation for SQL Server 2005 Checksum Transformation for SQL Server 2008 Checksum Transformation for SQL Server 2012 Version History SQL Server 2012 Version 3.0.0.27 – SQL Server 2012 release. Includes upgrade support for both 2005 and 2008 packages to 2012. (5 Jun 2010) SQL Server 2008 Version 2.0.0.27 – Fix for CRC-32 algorithm that inadvertently made it sort dependent. Fix for race condition which sometimes lead to the error Item has already been added. Key in dictionary: '79764919' . Fix for upgrade mappings between 2005 and 2008. (19 Oct 2010) Version 2.0.0.24 - SQL Server 2008 release. Introduces the new CRC-32 algorithm, which is consistent across x86 and x64.. The default algorithm is now CRC32. (29 Oct 2008) Version 2.0.0.6 - SQL Server 2008 pre-release. This version was released by mistake as part of the site migration, and had known issues. (20 Oct 2008) SQL Server 2005 Version 1.5.0.43 – Fix for CRC-32 algorithm that inadvertently made it sort dependent. Fix for race condition which sometimes lead to the error Item has already been added. Key in dictionary: '79764919' . (19 Oct 2010) Version 1.5.0.16 - Introduces the new CRC-32 algorithm, which is consistent across x86 and x64. The default algorithm is now CRC32. (20 Oct 2008) Version 1.4.0.0 - Installer refresh only. (22 Dec 2007) Version 1.4.0.0 - Refresh for minor UI enhancements. (5 Mar 2006) Version 1.3.0.0 - SQL Server 2005 RTM. The checksum algorithm has changed to improve cardinality when calculating multiple column checksums. The original algorithm is still available for backward compatibility. Fixed custom UI bug with Output column name not persisting. (10 Nov 2005) Version 1.2.0.1 - SQL Server 2005 IDW 15 June CTP. A user interface is provided, as well as the ability to change the checksum output column name. (29 Aug 2005) Version 1.0.0 - Public Release (Beta). (30 Oct 2004) Screenshot

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  • Managing text-maps in a 2D array on to be painted on HTML5 Canvas

    - by weka
    So, I'm making a HTML5 RPG just for fun. The map is a <canvas> (512px width, 352px height | 16 tiles across, 11 tiles top to bottom). I want to know if there's a more efficient way to paint the <canvas>. Here's how I have it right now. How tiles are loaded and painted on map The map is being painted by tiles (32x32) using the Image() piece. The image files are loaded through a simple for loop and put into an array called tiles[] to be PAINTED on using drawImage(). First, we load the tiles... and here's how it's being done: // SET UP THE & DRAW THE MAP TILES tiles = []; var loadedImagesCount = 0; for (x = 0; x <= NUM_OF_TILES; x++) { var imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image imageObj.src = "js/tiles/t" + x + ".png"; imageObj.onload = function () { console.log("Added tile ... " + loadedImagesCount); loadedImagesCount++; if (loadedImagesCount == NUM_OF_TILES) { // Onces all tiles are loaded ... // We paint the map for (y = 0; y <= 15; y++) { for (x = 0; x <= 10; x++) { theX = x * 32; theY = y * 32; context.drawImage(tiles[5], theY, theX, 32, 32); } } } }; tiles.push(imageObj); } Naturally, when a player starts a game it loads the map they last left off. But for here, it an all-grass map. Right now, the maps use 2D arrays. Here's an example map. [[4, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 1, 1, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 1, 1, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 11, 11, 11, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [13, 13, 13, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1], [1, 1, 1, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 1, 1, 1]]; I get different maps using a simple if structure. Once the 2d array above is return, the corresponding number in each array will be painted according to Image() stored inside tile[]. Then drawImage() will occur and paint according to the x and y and times it by 32 to paint on the correct x-y coordinate. How multiple map switching occurs With my game, maps have five things to keep track of: currentID, leftID, rightID, upID, and bottomID. currentID: The current ID of the map you are on. leftID: What ID of currentID to load when you exit on the left of current map. rightID: What ID of currentID to load when you exit on the right of current map. downID: What ID of currentID to load when you exit on the bottom of current map. upID: What ID of currentID to load when you exit on the top of current map. Something to note: If either leftID, rightID, upID, or bottomID are NOT specific, that means they are a 0. That means they cannot leave that side of the map. It is merely an invisible blockade. So, once a person exits a side of the map, depending on where they exited... for example if they exited on the bottom, bottomID will the number of the map to load and thus be painted on the map. Here's a representational .GIF to help you better visualize: As you can see, sooner or later, with many maps I will be dealing with many IDs. And that can possibly get a little confusing and hectic. The obvious pros is that it load 176 tiles at a time, refresh a small 512x352 canvas, and handles one map at time. The con is that the MAP ids, when dealing with many maps, may get confusing at times. My question Is this an efficient way to store maps (given the usage of tiles), or is there a better way to handle maps? I was thinking along the lines of a giant map. The map-size is big and it's all one 2D array. The viewport, however, is still 512x352 pixels. Here's another .gif I made (for this question) to help visualize: Sorry if you cannot understand my English. Please ask anything you have trouble understanding. Hopefully, I made it clear. Thanks.

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  • Converting Celsius Processor Temperature to Fahrenheit

    - by WindowsEscapist
    I'm editing a Conky theme. I would like it to output the processor temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius. In the ~/.conkyrc file, the command sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19 is used to find the temperature in Celsius for the first processor core. I want to use bc to compute this (give it outputvalue*9/5+32). Problem is, bc wants just absolute values, and I see no way to pass it program output. If I try to use something like temp=$(sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19) & echo 'temp*9/5+32' | bc, it ends up giving me 32 because it registers "temp" as a 0.

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  • Xenserver 5.5 U2 a bit unstable with an unstable W2003 VM

    - by twistedbrain
    In the last week I had to reboot the host system twice and the second one by means of the power button. The system is a Dell PE 6950 (4 Opteron dual core, 2,8 Ghz, 16 GB RAM, 900 GB disk in a RAID 10 array composed by 4 450GB 15000 rpm disks) with XenServer 5.5 U2. We're installing it and at now there are working in production a 2003 32 bit Windows server VM with 2 GB RAM, 3 vcpu and about 200 GB disk in 4 partition (12 GB boot, 20 GB program, 80 GB user data, 80 GB other data). The first time I was compressing many Windows 2003 folders (some tens GB by means of W2003 compressed folder option) from a Windows remote console and some hours before my colleague installed Backup Exec agent that was alredy installed and that required a reboot (that was pending). The console stopped responding, it was no more possible to connect by means of remote console or by means of the console of the XenCentre, it was still possible from the network to use the shared folder of the VM and the programs on it (2 db and a GIS program), but the print server didn't work any more and I couldn't give remote reboot from other domain controller hosts. I couldn't stop the virtual machine neither from the XenCentre, neither from the command line of the host also forcing the reboot. I had to reboot the host server. Yesterday it has been worst. I installed a template of another VM, CentOS 5.3 and then, put the DVD in the drive of the host. Then, before the install and after the boot I checked for defect the DVD and the W2003 VM began to respond slowly (I was connected by means of an administration remote console) the task manager showed only mid or low load, it is, only the first of the 3 vcpu was loaded (about 70%), while the other two were about at 20% and also the disk I/O was not so heavy. Then the users were not so happy because they couldn't any more use the MS word docs on the server. I immediately stopped the check of the DVD (to do that I had to force the stop of such Centos 5.3 VM), then some users could again use their docs, but other had still problems, so I decided to reboot the VM, but it doesn't stopped, neither from XenCenter, neither from command line, neither forcing the reboot. Then I tried to reboot of the host, but it didn't worked, neither from the XenCentre, neither from the host prompt (shutdown -r now as root: it told that it was shutting down, but then it didn't did that). So I had to power off by means of the power button of the server (before I tried some Magic SyS REQ, but I saw that Xen isn't compiled with this option enabled). What could you suggest about my problem, what can I look, search and see? In the W2003 VM logs there are no errors or warning to explain what happened. Some more exciting, amusing and inspiring words of poetry (the facts happened around 11 am): \# egrep -i 'err|warning' xensource.log [20100219 10:32:05.597|debug|culo|6301 unix-RPC|VBD.plug R:c81bcda701f6|xenops] watch: watching xenstore paths: [ /xapi/0/frontend/vbd/51712/hotplug; /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/tapdisk-error ] with timeout 1200.000000 seconds [20100219 10:32:05.597|debug|culo|6301 unix-RPC|VBD.plug R:c81bcda701f6|xenops] watch: fired on /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/tapdisk-error [20100219 10:32:14.314|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] watch: watching xenstore paths: [ /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/shutdown-done; /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712/error ] with timeout 1200.000000 seconds [20100219 10:32:14.337|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/0 [20100219 10:32:14.337|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712 [20100219 10:32:14.338|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] watch: fired on /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712/error [20100219 10:53:48.903|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|helpers] Ignoring exception: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Xb.Noent ] while Vmops.destroy_domain: Destroying domid 14 guest session [20100219 10:53:52.048|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.048|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51744 [20100219 10:53:52.085|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.086|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51728 [20100219 10:53:52.122|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.122|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51712 [20100219 10:53:52.127|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/14 [20100219 10:53:52.128|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51760 [20100219 10:53:52.496|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 10:53:52.497|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/14 [20100219 10:53:52.497|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vif/0 [20100219 10:53:53.385|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 10:53:53.386|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/14 [20100219 10:53:53.386|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vif/1 [20100219 10:53:53.389| warn|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/14/hotplug/vif/0 [20100219 10:53:53.391| warn|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/14/hotplug/vif/1 [20100219 11:20:49.766|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|helpers] Ignoring exception: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Xb.Noent ] while Vmops.destroy_domain: Destroying domid 11 guest session [20100219 11:20:50.339|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/11 [20100219 11:20:50.339|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/832 [20100219 11:20:50.360|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/11 [20100219 11:20:50.360|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/768 [20100219 11:20:50.366|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/11 [20100219 11:20:50.366|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/5696 [20100219 11:20:50.753|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 11:20:50.754|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/11 [20100219 11:20:50.754|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vif/1 [20100219 11:20:50.757| warn|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/11/hotplug/vif/1 [20100219 11:28:13.803|debug|culo|6610 inet-RPC|Connection to VM console R:e9f8b76e8975|console] error: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Unix.Unix_error(63, "connect", "") ]

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  • Upload File to Windows Azure Blob in Chunks through ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript and HTML5

    - by Shaun
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/shaunxu/archive/2013/07/01/upload-file-to-windows-azure-blob-in-chunks-through-asp.net.aspxMany people are using Windows Azure Blob Storage to store their data in the cloud. Blob storage provides 99.9% availability with easy-to-use API through .NET SDK and HTTP REST. For example, we can store JavaScript files, images, documents in blob storage when we are building an ASP.NET web application on a Web Role in Windows Azure. Or we can store our VHD files in blob and mount it as a hard drive in our cloud service. If you are familiar with Windows Azure, you should know that there are two kinds of blob: page blob and block blob. The page blob is optimized for random read and write, which is very useful when you need to store VHD files. The block blob is optimized for sequential/chunk read and write, which has more common usage. Since we can upload block blob in blocks through BlockBlob.PutBlock, and them commit them as a whole blob with invoking the BlockBlob.PutBlockList, it is very powerful to upload large files, as we can upload blocks in parallel, and provide pause-resume feature. There are many documents, articles and blog posts described on how to upload a block blob. Most of them are focus on the server side, which means when you had received a big file, stream or binaries, how to upload them into blob storage in blocks through .NET SDK.  But the problem is, how can we upload these large files from client side, for example, a browser. This questioned to me when I was working with a Chinese customer to help them build a network disk production on top of azure. The end users upload their files from the web portal, and then the files will be stored in blob storage from the Web Role. My goal is to find the best way to transform the file from client (end user’s machine) to the server (Web Role) through browser. In this post I will demonstrate and describe what I had done, to upload large file in chunks with high speed, and save them as blocks into Windows Azure Blob Storage.   Traditional Upload, Works with Limitation The simplest way to implement this requirement is to create a web page with a form that contains a file input element and a submit button. 1: @using (Html.BeginForm("About", "Index", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" })) 2: { 3: <input type="file" name="file" /> 4: <input type="submit" value="upload" /> 5: } And then in the backend controller, we retrieve the whole content of this file and upload it in to the blob storage through .NET SDK. We can split the file in blocks and upload them in parallel and commit. The code had been well blogged in the community. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public ActionResult About(HttpPostedFileBase file) 3: { 4: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 5: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 6: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(file.FileName); 7: var blockDataList = new Dictionary<string, byte[]>(); 8: using (var stream = file.InputStream) 9: { 10: var blockSizeInKB = 1024; 11: var offset = 0; 12: var index = 0; 13: while (offset < stream.Length) 14: { 15: var readLength = Math.Min(1024 * blockSizeInKB, (int)stream.Length - offset); 16: var blockData = new byte[readLength]; 17: offset += stream.Read(blockData, 0, readLength); 18: blockDataList.Add(Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)), blockData); 19:  20: index++; 21: } 22: } 23:  24: Parallel.ForEach(blockDataList, (bi) => 25: { 26: blob.PutBlock(bi.Key, new MemoryStream(bi.Value), null); 27: }); 28: blob.PutBlockList(blockDataList.Select(b => b.Key).ToArray()); 29:  30: return RedirectToAction("About"); 31: } This works perfect if we selected an image, a music or a small video to upload. But if I selected a large file, let’s say a 6GB HD-movie, after upload for about few minutes the page will be shown as below and the upload will be terminated. In ASP.NET there is a limitation of request length and the maximized request length is defined in the web.config file. It’s a number which less than about 4GB. So if we want to upload a really big file, we cannot simply implement in this way. Also, in Windows Azure, a cloud service network load balancer will terminate the connection if exceed the timeout period. From my test the timeout looks like 2 - 3 minutes. Hence, when we need to upload a large file we cannot just use the basic HTML elements. Besides the limitation mentioned above, the simple HTML file upload cannot provide rich upload experience such as chunk upload, pause and pause-resume. So we need to find a better way to upload large file from the client to the server.   Upload in Chunks through HTML5 and JavaScript In order to break those limitation mentioned above we will try to upload the large file in chunks. This takes some benefit to us such as - No request size limitation: Since we upload in chunks, we can define the request size for each chunks regardless how big the entire file is. - No timeout problem: The size of chunks are controlled by us, which means we should be able to make sure request for each chunk upload will not exceed the timeout period of both ASP.NET and Windows Azure load balancer. It was a big challenge to upload big file in chunks until we have HTML5. There are some new features and improvements introduced in HTML5 and we will use them to implement our solution.   In HTML5, the File interface had been improved with a new method called “slice”. It can be used to read part of the file by specifying the start byte index and the end byte index. For example if the entire file was 1024 bytes, file.slice(512, 768) will read the part of this file from the 512nd byte to 768th byte, and return a new object of interface called "Blob”, which you can treat as an array of bytes. In fact,  a Blob object represents a file-like object of immutable, raw data. The File interface is based on Blob, inheriting blob functionality and expanding it to support files on the user's system. For more information about the Blob please refer here. File and Blob is very useful to implement the chunk upload. We will use File interface to represent the file the user selected from the browser and then use File.slice to read the file in chunks in the size we wanted. For example, if we wanted to upload a 10MB file with 512KB chunks, then we can read it in 512KB blobs by using File.slice in a loop.   Assuming we have a web page as below. User can select a file, an input box to specify the block size in KB and a button to start upload. 1: <div> 2: <input type="file" id="upload_files" name="files[]" /><br /> 3: Block Size: <input type="number" id="block_size" value="512" name="block_size" />KB<br /> 4: <input type="button" id="upload_button_blob" name="upload" value="upload (blob)" /> 5: </div> Then we can have the JavaScript function to upload the file in chunks when user clicked the button. 1: <script type="text/javascript"> 1: 2: $(function () { 3: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 4: }); 5: });</script> Firstly we need to ensure the client browser supports the interfaces we are going to use. Just try to invoke the File, Blob and FormData from the “window” object. If any of them is “undefined” the condition result will be “false” which means your browser doesn’t support these premium feature and it’s time for you to get your browser updated. FormData is another new feature we are going to use in the future. It could generate a temporary form for us. We will use this interface to create a form with chunk and associated metadata when invoked the service through ajax. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: if (window.File && window.Blob && window.FormData) { 4: alert("Your brwoser is awesome, let's rock!"); 5: } 6: else { 7: alert("Oh man plz update to a modern browser before try is cool stuff out."); 8: return; 9: } 10: }); Each browser supports these interfaces by their own implementation and currently the Blob, File and File.slice are supported by Chrome 21, FireFox 13, IE 10, Opera 12 and Safari 5.1 or higher. After that we worked on the files the user selected one by one since in HTML5, user can select multiple files in one file input box. 1: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 2: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 3: var file = files[i]; 4: var fileSize = file.size; 5: var fileName = file.name; 6: } Next, we calculated the start index and end index for each chunks based on the size the user specified from the browser. We put them into an array with the file name and the index, which will be used when we upload chunks into Windows Azure Blob Storage as blocks since we need to specify the target blob name and the block index. At the same time we will store the list of all indexes into another variant which will be used to commit blocks into blob in Azure Storage once all chunks had been uploaded successfully. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10:  11: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 12: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 13: var blockSizeInKB = $("#block_size").val(); 14: var blockSize = blockSizeInKB * 1024; 15: var blocks = []; 16: var offset = 0; 17: var index = 0; 18: var list = ""; 19: while (offset < fileSize) { 20: var start = offset; 21: var end = Math.min(offset + blockSize, fileSize); 22:  23: blocks.push({ 24: name: fileName, 25: index: index, 26: start: start, 27: end: end 28: }); 29: list += index + ","; 30:  31: offset = end; 32: index++; 33: } 34: } 35: }); Now we have all chunks’ information ready. The next step should be upload them one by one to the server side, and at the server side when received a chunk it will upload as a block into Blob Storage, and finally commit them with the index list through BlockBlobClient.PutBlockList. But since all these invokes are ajax calling, which means not synchronized call. So we need to introduce a new JavaScript library to help us coordinate the asynchronize operation, which named “async.js”. You can download this JavaScript library here, and you can find the document here. I will not explain this library too much in this post. We will put all procedures we want to execute as a function array, and pass into the proper function defined in async.js to let it help us to control the execution sequence, in series or in parallel. Hence we will define an array and put the function for chunk upload into this array. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4:  5: // start to upload each files in chunks 6: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 7: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 8: var file = files[i]; 9: var fileSize = file.size; 10: var fileName = file.name; 11: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 12: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 13: ... ... 14:  15: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 16: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 17: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 18: }); 19: }); 20: } 21: }); 22: }); As you can see, I used File.slice method to read each chunks based on the start and end byte index we calculated previously, and constructed a temporary HTML form with the file name, chunk index and chunk data through another new feature in HTML5 named FormData. Then post this form to the backend server through jQuery.ajax. This is the key part of our solution. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 15: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 16: // load blob based on the start and end index for each chunks 17: var blob = file.slice(block.start, block.end); 18: // put the file name, index and blob into a temporary from 19: var fd = new FormData(); 20: fd.append("name", block.name); 21: fd.append("index", block.index); 22: fd.append("file", blob); 23: // post the form to backend service (asp.net mvc controller action) 24: $.ajax({ 25: url: "/Home/UploadInFormData", 26: data: fd, 27: processData: false, 28: contentType: "multipart/form-data", 29: type: "POST", 30: success: function (result) { 31: if (!result.success) { 32: alert(result.error); 33: } 34: callback(null, block.index); 35: } 36: }); 37: }); 38: }); 39: } 40: }); Then we will invoke these functions one by one by using the async.js. And once all functions had been executed successfully I invoked another ajax call to the backend service to commit all these chunks (blocks) as the blob in Windows Azure Storage. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.series(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: }); That’s all in the client side. The outline of our logic would be - Calculate the start and end byte index for each chunks based on the block size. - Defined the functions of reading the chunk form file and upload the content to the backend service through ajax. - Execute the functions defined in previous step with “async.js”. - Commit the chunks by invoking the backend service in Windows Azure Storage finally.   Save Chunks as Blocks into Blob Storage In above we finished the client size JavaScript code. It uploaded the file in chunks to the backend service which we are going to implement in this step. We will use ASP.NET MVC as our backend service, and it will receive the chunks, upload into Windows Azure Bob Storage in blocks, then finally commit as one blob. As in the client side we uploaded chunks by invoking the ajax call to the URL "/Home/UploadInFormData", I created a new action under the Index controller and it only accepts HTTP POST request. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: } 8: catch (Exception e) 9: { 10: error = e.ToString(); 11: } 12:  13: return new JsonResult() 14: { 15: Data = new 16: { 17: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 18: error = error 19: } 20: }; 21: } Then I retrieved the file name, index and the chunk content from the Request.Form object, which was passed from our client side. And then, used the Windows Azure SDK to create a blob container (in this case we will use the container named “test”.) and create a blob reference with the blob name (same as the file name). Then uploaded the chunk as a block of this blob with the index, since in Blob Storage each block must have an index (ID) associated with so that finally we can put all blocks as one blob by specifying their block ID list. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 8: var index = int.Parse(Request.Form["index"]); 9: var file = Request.Files[0]; 10: var id = Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)); 11:  12: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 13: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 14: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 15: blob.PutBlock(id, file.InputStream, null); 16: } 17: catch (Exception e) 18: { 19: error = e.ToString(); 20: } 21:  22: return new JsonResult() 23: { 24: Data = new 25: { 26: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 27: error = error 28: } 29: }; 30: } Next, I created another action to commit the blocks into blob once all chunks had been uploaded. Similarly, I retrieved the blob name from the Request.Form. I also retrieved the chunks ID list, which is the block ID list from the Request.Form in a string format, split them as a list, then invoked the BlockBlob.PutBlockList method. After that our blob will be shown in the container and ready to be download. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult Commit() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 8: var list = Request.Form["list"]; 9: var ids = list 10: .Split(',') 11: .Where(id => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id)) 12: .Select(id => Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(int.Parse(id)))) 13: .ToArray(); 14:  15: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 16: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 17: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 18: blob.PutBlockList(ids); 19: } 20: catch (Exception e) 21: { 22: error = e.ToString(); 23: } 24:  25: return new JsonResult() 26: { 27: Data = new 28: { 29: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 30: error = error 31: } 32: }; 33: } Now we finished all code we need. The whole process of uploading would be like this below. Below is the full client side JavaScript code. 1: <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/async.js"></script> 2: <script type="text/javascript"> 3: $(function () { 4: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 5: // assert the browser support html5 6: if (window.File && window.Blob && window.FormData) { 7: alert("Your brwoser is awesome, let's rock!"); 8: } 9: else { 10: alert("Oh man plz update to a modern browser before try is cool stuff out."); 11: return; 12: } 13:  14: // start to upload each files in chunks 15: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 16: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 17: var file = files[i]; 18: var fileSize = file.size; 19: var fileName = file.name; 20:  21: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 22: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 23: var blockSizeInKB = $("#block_size").val(); 24: var blockSize = blockSizeInKB * 1024; 25: var blocks = []; 26: var offset = 0; 27: var index = 0; 28: var list = ""; 29: while (offset < fileSize) { 30: var start = offset; 31: var end = Math.min(offset + blockSize, fileSize); 32:  33: blocks.push({ 34: name: fileName, 35: index: index, 36: start: start, 37: end: end 38: }); 39: list += index + ","; 40:  41: offset = end; 42: index++; 43: } 44:  45: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 46: var putBlocks = []; 47: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 48: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 49: // load blob based on the start and end index for each chunks 50: var blob = file.slice(block.start, block.end); 51: // put the file name, index and blob into a temporary from 52: var fd = new FormData(); 53: fd.append("name", block.name); 54: fd.append("index", block.index); 55: fd.append("file", blob); 56: // post the form to backend service (asp.net mvc controller action) 57: $.ajax({ 58: url: "/Home/UploadInFormData", 59: data: fd, 60: processData: false, 61: contentType: "multipart/form-data", 62: type: "POST", 63: success: function (result) { 64: if (!result.success) { 65: alert(result.error); 66: } 67: callback(null, block.index); 68: } 69: }); 70: }); 71: }); 72:  73: // invoke the functions one by one 74: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 75: async.series(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 76: var data = { 77: name: fileName, 78: list: list 79: }; 80: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 81: if (!result.success) { 82: alert(result.error); 83: } 84: else { 85: alert("done!"); 86: } 87: }); 88: }); 89: } 90: }); 91: }); 92: </script> And below is the full ASP.NET MVC controller code. 1: public class HomeController : Controller 2: { 3: private CloudStorageAccount _account; 4: private CloudBlobClient _client; 5:  6: public HomeController() 7: : base() 8: { 9: _account = CloudStorageAccount.Parse(CloudConfigurationManager.GetSetting("DataConnectionString")); 10: _client = _account.CreateCloudBlobClient(); 11: } 12:  13: public ActionResult Index() 14: { 15: ViewBag.Message = "Modify this template to jump-start your ASP.NET MVC application."; 16:  17: return View(); 18: } 19:  20: [HttpPost] 21: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 22: { 23: var error = string.Empty; 24: try 25: { 26: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 27: var index = int.Parse(Request.Form["index"]); 28: var file = Request.Files[0]; 29: var id = Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)); 30:  31: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 32: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 33: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 34: blob.PutBlock(id, file.InputStream, null); 35: } 36: catch (Exception e) 37: { 38: error = e.ToString(); 39: } 40:  41: return new JsonResult() 42: { 43: Data = new 44: { 45: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 46: error = error 47: } 48: }; 49: } 50:  51: [HttpPost] 52: public JsonResult Commit() 53: { 54: var error = string.Empty; 55: try 56: { 57: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 58: var list = Request.Form["list"]; 59: var ids = list 60: .Split(',') 61: .Where(id => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id)) 62: .Select(id => Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(int.Parse(id)))) 63: .ToArray(); 64:  65: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 66: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 67: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 68: blob.PutBlockList(ids); 69: } 70: catch (Exception e) 71: { 72: error = e.ToString(); 73: } 74:  75: return new JsonResult() 76: { 77: Data = new 78: { 79: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 80: error = error 81: } 82: }; 83: } 84: } And if we selected a file from the browser we will see our application will upload chunks in the size we specified to the server through ajax call in background, and then commit all chunks in one blob. Then we can find the blob in our Windows Azure Blob Storage.   Optimized by Parallel Upload In previous example we just uploaded our file in chunks. This solved the problem that ASP.NET MVC request content size limitation as well as the Windows Azure load balancer timeout. But it might introduce the performance problem since we uploaded chunks in sequence. In order to improve the upload performance we could modify our client side code a bit to make the upload operation invoked in parallel. The good news is that, “async.js” library provides the parallel execution function. If you remembered the code we invoke the service to upload chunks, it utilized “async.series” which means all functions will be executed in sequence. Now we will change this code to “async.parallel”. This will invoke all functions in parallel. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.parallel(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: }); In this way all chunks will be uploaded to the server side at the same time to maximize the bandwidth usage. This should work if the file was not very large and the chunk size was not very small. But for large file this might introduce another problem that too many ajax calls are sent to the server at the same time. So the best solution should be, upload the chunks in parallel with maximum concurrency limitation. The code below specified the concurrency limitation to 4, which means at the most only 4 ajax calls could be invoked at the same time. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.parallelLimit(putBlocks, 4, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: });   Summary In this post we discussed how to upload files in chunks to the backend service and then upload them into Windows Azure Blob Storage in blocks. We focused on the frontend side and leverage three new feature introduced in HTML 5 which are - File.slice: Read part of the file by specifying the start and end byte index. - Blob: File-like interface which contains the part of the file content. - FormData: Temporary form element that we can pass the chunk alone with some metadata to the backend service. Then we discussed the performance consideration of chunk uploading. Sequence upload cannot provide maximized upload speed, but the unlimited parallel upload might crash the browser and server if too many chunks. So we finally came up with the solution to upload chunks in parallel with the concurrency limitation. We also demonstrated how to utilize “async.js” JavaScript library to help us control the asynchronize call and the parallel limitation.   Regarding the chunk size and the parallel limitation value there is no “best” value. You need to test vary composition and find out the best one for your particular scenario. It depends on the local bandwidth, client machine cores and the server side (Windows Azure Cloud Service Virtual Machine) cores, memory and bandwidth. Below is one of my performance test result. The client machine was Windows 8 IE 10 with 4 cores. I was using Microsoft Cooperation Network. The web site was hosted on Windows Azure China North data center (in Beijing) with one small web role (1.7GB 1 core CPU, 1.75GB memory with 100Mbps bandwidth). The test cases were - Chunk size: 512KB, 1MB, 2MB, 4MB. - Upload Mode: Sequence, parallel (unlimited), parallel with limit (4 threads, 8 threads). - Chunk Format: base64 string, binaries. - Target file: 100MB. - Each case was tested 3 times. Below is the test result chart. Some thoughts, but not guidance or best practice: - Parallel gets better performance than series. - No significant performance improvement between parallel 4 threads and 8 threads. - Transform with binaries provides better performance than base64. - In all cases, chunk size in 1MB - 2MB gets better performance.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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  • How LINQ to Object statements work

    - by rajbk
    This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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  • Atheros AR928X wireless connection makes neighbourhood machine drop off line

    - by funicorn
    I have an Acer laptop with Atheros AR928X wireless card installed, supported by ath9k driver in the linux kernel. There are other 5 computers sharing wireless connection via a TPLink 150Mbit/s wireless router. At first I found the network is a little bit slower than it's in Windows7, which I accepted as it should be. However a very strange thing is, each time I connected to the router and downloaded stuff for a while, one of the computers running Windows7 in my local network dropped off from the router. And if I run my laptop under Windows7, everything is fine. What's even stranger is although the network becomes slower, only the certain computer drops and totally freezes in connection with the router. I'm not willing to conclude it's due to the unhealthy connection from my laptop to the router, however we have confirmed this for more than one times and there is no problem with the network when I'm running WIndows7. I'm extremely confused about what's going on. As a Linux user running Ubuntu over 5 years, I am awared that wireless driver in Linux is badly notorious of lack of stability and slow speed. But is it so bad that the unhealthy wireless connection can do damage to another computer in the same local network? I do see a lot of "Tx excessive retries" in iwconfig output. But how exactly does this happen ? Thanks for your help. I guess I have to use this answer box to show the outputs $ sudo iwconfig wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"TP-LINK111" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.427 GHz Access Point: E0:05:C5:E8:A9:92 Bit Rate=121.5 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality=47/70 Signal level=-63 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:2 Invalid misc:23 Missed beacon:0 To show what's wrong with the wireless connection, I ran iwconfig again within 3 minutes, during which time I hardly did anything and the network was not much busy than being nearly idle $ sudo iwconfig wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"TP-LINK111" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.427 GHz Access Point: E0:05:C5:E8:A9:92 Bit Rate=121.5 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality=48/70 Signal level=-62 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:9 Invalid misc:28 Missed beacon:0 You can see Tx excessive retires and Invalid misc increase very quickly. $ sudo iwlist wlan0 modu wlan0 unknown modulation information. $ sudo iwlist wlan0 channel wlan0 13 channels in total; available frequencies : Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz Current Frequency:2.427 GHz (Channel 4)

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  • Windows 7 upgrade on XP and Vista

    - by icc97
    I am upgrading a Windows XP (32-bit) machine and a Windows Vista (32-bit) machine to Windows 7 (32-bit). The most important files and accounts are on the Windows XP machine. What I would like to do is the following: backup the XP machine using Windows Easy Transfer upgrade the Windows Vista machine to a fresh install of Windows 7 install the XP backup on the Vista machine and see if everything is working Is this possible? I would have thought its possible as once the Vista machine is upgraded to Windows 7 it should be the same as if I had upgraded the XP machine, but I don't want to waste my time if its not. Thanks

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  • How can I add usbip modules on Redhat 6 kernel?

    - by Gk.
    I have RHEL 6 with # uname -r 2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 I'm trying to build usbip modules on staging driver. Everything is OK. I have all needed *.ko files. But I cannot add those modules on running kernel. # pwd /lib/modules/2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 # ls | grep ko usbip_common_mod.ko usbip.ko vhci-hcd.ko # modprobe usbip FATAL: Error inserting usbip (/lib/modules/2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64/usbip.ko): Required key not available # insmod usbip.ko insmod: error inserting 'usbip.ko': -1 Required key not available How can I add it? Do I need to rebuild whole kernel? TIA, giobuon

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  • Siteminder webagent installation failed

    - by Sreekanth
    Hi All, I have tried to install a 32 bit Netegrity(CA) siteminder web agent on 64 bit Windows server 2003. The IIS server is V 6.0 and so it is also 64 bit. But the problem is while configuring the agent it is showing metabase error. Previously 64 bit web agent was installed on the same server and removed. The IIS V 6.0 is also reinstalled on the server. But after that when I tried to install 32 bit siteminder web agent, it is showing an error as said above. Is it possible to install a 32 bit siteminder web agent on 64 bit IIS? Please help me as soon as possible. Thanks in advance.

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  • Installing Xen 4.0.1 from Source on Ubuntu 10.10

    - by markus
    I'm trying to install Xen 4.0.1 from Source on Ubuntu 10.10 Server Edition. I started with a clean machine and followed the instructions from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Xen. So I installed the packages mentioned there with: sudo apt-get install gettext bin86 bcc libc6-dev-i386 iasl texinfo git When making the source with make world I get this error: + git clone -o xen -n git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp Initialized empty Git repository in /home/homer/xen/linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 1855434, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (291939/291939), done. Receiving objects: 100% (1855434/1855434), 368.49 MiB | 11.00 MiB/s, done. remote: Total 1855434 (delta 1553214), reused 1847760 (delta 1546656) Resolving deltas: 100% (1553214/1553214), done. + cd linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + git checkout -b xen/stable-2.6.32.x xen/xen/stable-2.6.32.x fatal: git checkout: branch xen/stable-2.6.32.x already exists make[3]: *** [linux-2.6-pvops.git/.valid-src] Error 128 Does anybody have an idea what i can do?

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  • What is the fastest MD5 sum calculator?

    - by netvope
    I tested the speed of md5sum on a few Ubuntu 8.04 servers Pentium III 700 MHz: 52 MB/s Atom 1.6 GHz, 32-bit: 119 MB/s Core 2 (Yorkfield) 2.5GHz, 32-bit: 194 MB/s Core 2 (Yorkfield) 2.5GHz, 64-bit: 222 MB/s Then I downloaded a tool (by apt-get install) called md5deep and found that it's roughly 20% faster (as tested on the 32-bit Core 2 server). This makes me feel that the "vanilla" md5sum included in Ubuntu isn't the fastest one. Questions: Other than md5deep, are you aware of any MD5 calculators that are potentially faster than md5sum? (Answers for software from other OS are also welcomed.) If I want to compile md5sum myself, where can I download the source? What compiler options would you suggest for the Core 2 server? (note: gcc 4.2.4 in Ubuntu 8.04 does not seem to support -march=core2)

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  • My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

    - by sbleon
    (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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  • Siteminder webagent installation failed

    - by Sreekanth
    Hi All, I have tried to install a 32 bit Netegrity(CA) siteminder web agent on 64 bit Windows server 2003. The IIS server is V 6.0 and so it is also 64 bit. But the problem is while configuring the agent it is showing metabase error. Previously 64 bit web agent was installed on the same server and removed. The IIS V 6.0 is also reinstalled on the server. But after that when I tried to install 32 bit siteminder web agent, it is showing an error as said above. Is it possible to install a 32 bit siteminder web agent on 64 bit IIS? Please help me as soon as possible. Thanks in advance.

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  • Again WPA Connection problem even after changed to latest version ..please help

    - by Renjith G
    I am using hostapd, wireless tools with madwifi for my wireless ap in my board. The WEP, WPA-PSK connections and communications between my board with linux and my desktop PC, Windows XP SP2 (with Olitec USB wireless) are fine. But when I configured the WPA type, the connection seems established but shows the status "TKIP - Key Absent" in the security dialog box. Anyone faced this problem? Am attaching the conf files and the connection status. In the AP side am complaining . I am using the in built radius server conf with the hostapd 0.4.7 hostapd.conf interface=ath0 driver=madwifi logger_syslog=0 logger_syslog_level=0 logger_stdout=0 logger_stdout_level=0 debug=0 eapol_key_index_workaround=1 dump_file=/tmp/hostapd.dump.0.0 ssid=Renjith G wpa wpa=1 wpa_passphrase=mypassphrase wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-EAP wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP wpa_group_rekey=600 macaddr_acl=2 /* commented */ ieee8021x=1 /* commented */ eap_authenticator=1 own_ip_addr=172.16.25.1 nas_identifier=renjithg.com auth_server_addr=172.16.25.1 auth_server_port=1812 auth_server_shared_secret=key1 ca_cert=/flash1/ca.crt server_cert=/flash1/server.crt eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd.eap_user hostapd.eap_user "*@renjithg.com" TLS And the commands am using are wlanconfig ath0 create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode ap iwconfig ath0 essid Renjith channel 6 ifconfig ath0 192.168.25.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Please correct if am wrong .. Also am getting the debug messages on my AP when am connecting in my windows machine through WPA ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Configuration file: /etc/hostapd.conf Line 18: obsolete eap_authenticator used; this has been renamed to eap_server madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'Renjith G wpa' madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA= 0x1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT GMK - hexdump(len=32): 9c 77 cd 38 5a 60 3b 16 8a 22 90 e8 65 b3 c2 86 40 5c be c3 dd 84 3e df 58 1d 16 61 1d 13 d1 f2 GTK - hexdump(len=32): 02 78 d7 d3 5d 15 e3 89 9c 62 a8 fe 8a 0f 40 28 ba dc cd bc 07 f4 59 88 1c 08 84 2b 49 3d e2 32 WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 Deauthenticate all stations l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 < Register Fail < Register Fail Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 NOW am getting the following error message with latest tools. *This is the latest error messages..please refer this only..* ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf TLS: Trusted root certificate(s) loaded madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 BSS count 1, BSSID mask ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (0 bits) Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 3) Could not connect to kernel driver. Deauthenticate all stations madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=2 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 2) madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=2 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=3 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'RenjithGwpa' SSID - hexdump_ascii(len=11): 52 65 6e 6a 69 74 68 47 77 70 61 RenjithGwpa PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=12): 6d 79 70 61 73 73 70 68 72 61 73 65 mypassphrase PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): a6 55 3e 76 94 8b d9 81 a1 22 5e 24 29 83 33 86 11 a8 7e 93 19 7c a9 ab ab cc 12 58 37 e5 35 b6 RADIUS local address: 172.16.25.1:1024 madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA=0x1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT (VLAN-ID 0) GMK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] GTK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE (VLAN-ID 0) madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 ath0: Setup of interface done. l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8b1a len=24 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09

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  • My IIS server won't serve SSL sites to some browsers

    - by sbleon
    (Update: This is now cross-posted at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3355000. This is the more appropriate forum, but StackOverflow gets a lot more traffic.) I've got an IIS 6.0 server that won't serve pages over SSL to some browsers. In Webkit-based browsers on OS X 10.6, I can't load pages at all. In MSIE 8 on Windows XP SP3, I can load pages, but it will sometimes hang downloading images or sending POSTs. Working: Firefox 3.6 (OS X + Windows) Chrome (Windows) Partially Working: MSIE 8 (works sometimes, but hangs up, especially on POSTs) Not Working: Chrome 5 (OS X) Safari 5 (OS X) Mobile Safari (iOS 4) On OS X (the easiest platform for me to test on), Chrome and Firefox both negotiate the same TLS Cipher, but Chrome hangs on or after the post-negotiation handshake. Chrome packet capture (via ssldump): 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 cipher suites Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc012 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0x2f TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 Unknown value 0x35 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0x39 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.3106 (0.2620) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= bb 0e 00 00 7a 7e 07 50 5e 78 48 cf 43 5a f7 4d d2 ed 72 8f ff 1d 9e 74 66 74 03 b3 bb 92 8d eb cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL Certificate ServerHelloDone 1 3 0.3196 (0.0090) C>S Handshake ClientKeyExchange 1 4 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 5 0.3197 (0.0000) C>S Handshake [hang, no more data transmitted] Firefox packet capture: 1 1 0.0485 (0.0485) C>S Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 resume [32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipher suites Unknown value 0xff Unknown value 0xc00a Unknown value 0xc014 Unknown value 0x88 Unknown value 0x87 Unknown value 0x39 Unknown value 0x38 Unknown value 0xc00f Unknown value 0xc005 Unknown value 0x84 Unknown value 0x35 Unknown value 0xc007 Unknown value 0xc009 Unknown value 0xc011 Unknown value 0xc013 Unknown value 0x45 Unknown value 0x44 Unknown value 0x33 Unknown value 0x32 Unknown value 0xc00c Unknown value 0xc00e Unknown value 0xc002 Unknown value 0xc004 Unknown value 0x96 Unknown value 0x41 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Unknown value 0x2f Unknown value 0xc008 Unknown value 0xc012 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Unknown value 0xc00d Unknown value 0xc003 Unknown value 0xfeff TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0983 (0.0497) S>C Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 session_id[32]= 14 03 00 00 4e 28 de aa da 7a 25 87 25 32 f3 a7 ae 4c 2d a0 e4 57 cc dd d7 0e d7 82 19 f7 8f b9 cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 compressionMethod NULL 1 3 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C ChangeCipherSpec 1 4 0.0983 (0.0000) S>C Handshake 1 5 0.1019 (0.0035) C>S ChangeCipherSpec 1 6 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S Handshake 1 7 0.1019 (0.0000) C>S application_data 1 8 0.2460 (0.1440) S>C application_data 1 9 0.3108 (0.0648) S>C application_data 1 10 0.3650 (0.0542) S>C application_data 1 11 0.4188 (0.0537) S>C application_data 1 12 0.4580 (0.0392) S>C application_data 1 13 0.4831 (0.0251) S>C application_data [etc] Update: Here's a Wireshark capture from the server end. What's going on with those two much-delayed RST packets? Is that just IIS terminating what it perceives as a non-responsive connection? 19 10.129450 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=3 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 20 10.129517 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=16384 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=0 TSV=0 TSER=0 21 10.168596 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250189 TSER=0 22 10.172950 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Hello 23 10.173267 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 24 10.173297 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 25 10.385180 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=2897 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250191 TSER=163006 26 10.385235 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TLSv1 Server Hello, Certificate, Server Hello Done 27 10.424682 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TCP 50653 > https [ACK] Seq=148 Ack=4215 Win=524280 Len=0 TSV=699250192 TSER=163008 28 10.435245 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Client Key Exchange 29 10.438522 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Change Cipher Spec 30 10.438553 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=421 Win=65115 Len=0 TSV=163008 TSER=699250192 31 10.449036 67.249.xxx.xxx 10.100.xxx.xx TLSv1 Encrypted Handshake Message 32 10.580652 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=65078 Len=0 TSV=163010 TSER=699250192 7312 57.315338 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50644 [RST, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=0 Len=0 19531 142.316425 10.100.xxx.xx 67.249.xxx.xxx TCP https > 50653 [RST, ACK] Seq=4215 Ack=458 Win=0 Len=0

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  • FoxPro 2.6 DOS on Windows 7 64-bit

    - by Rolando
    I support a company that has a very old, mission critical, FoxPro for DOS 2.6 (FPD) application. For variuos reasons the company didn't adapt/migrate their app, which, ironically, has been running even better under Windows XP (and 32-bit Win7) because the OS allowed new features like more reliable networking, distributed printing, email integration. Unfortunately for this company, most new machines now come with a 64-bit version of Windows 7, which is incompatible with their FPD app. I know this time the writing is on the wall: the only long-term solution is to migrate their app. But I wonder if anyone can suggest a temporary alternative path, which doesn't involve either: a) downgrade 64-bit Windows to 32-bit, or b) run the app on a virtualized 32-bit XP Thanks! PS: Happy New Year!!!

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  • FoxPro 2.6 DOS on Windows 7 64-bit

    - by Rolando
    I support a company that has a very old, mission critical, FoxPro for DOS 2.6 (FPD) application. For variuos reasons the company didn't adapt/migrate their app, which, ironically, has been running even better under Windows XP (and 32-bit Win7) because the OS allowed new features like more reliable networking, distributed printing, email integration. Unfortunately for this company, most new machines now come with a 64-bit version of Windows 7, which is incompatible with their FPD app. I know this time the writing is on the wall: the only long-term solution is to migrate their app. But I wonder if anyone can suggest a temporary alternative path, which doesn't involve either: a) downgrade 64-bit Windows to 32-bit, or b) run the app on a virtualized 32-bit XP Thanks! PS: Happy New Year!!!

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  • What to do if I get ping results for non-existing hosts?

    - by bublegumm
    When I am pinging non-existing host like 'zzz' or 'qwerty' I am getting the following result Pinging zzz.kanisa.com [209.62.20.200] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 209.62.20.200: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=46 Reply from 209.62.20.200: bytes=32 time=66ms TTL=46 It looks like a virus to me. But I was unable to find a solution on web. Any ideas how to fix it? Even more ridiculous results with nslookup C:\> nslookup google.com Server: google-public-dns-a.google.com Address: 8.8.8.8 Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com.kanisa.com Address: 209.62.20.200 How to get rid of it?

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  • Can't connect to YouTube from specific network

    - by Tyilo
    Using my current network, I am unable to connect to http://www.youtube.com/. It doesn't matter what browser I use or if I use a cli-command (wget, curl). Error in Google Chrome: Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to www.youtube.com Error using curl: curl: (7) couldn't connect to host If I use nslookup to get the IP-address of YouTube, I get 173.194.32.32. If I go to http://173.194.32.32/ in my browser it can connect, but as Google is probably checking the Host HTTP-header, it shows Google's frontpage instead. There is no blocked websites on the router and other devices on the network seems to work. My computer only has this problem on this specific network. I am using Mac OS X 10.8.2 on a MacBook (mid 2009).

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  • Machine account authentication on Radius server

    - by O.Shevchenko
    My workstation is under Linux. I have an Active Directory domain controller + Radius server on Windows 2008. I can verify user account 'radius-01' using 'radtest' tool: $ radtest -t pap radius-01 password123 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 Sending Access-Request of id 98 to 195.234.73.2 port 1812 User-Name = "radius-01" User-Password = "password123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.1.1 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 195.234.133.32 port 1812, id=98, length=84 Framed-MTU = 1344 Framed-Protocol = PPP Service-Type = Framed-User Class = 0x537004f00000013700010200ac1c0... I have joined my Linux PC to Active Directory domain ARB-HRK using Samba: [root@shev-arb]# net ads testjoin Join is OK I can dump machine password: [root@shev-arb]# tdbdump /var/lib/samba/private/secrets.tdb { key(34) = "SECRETS/MACHINE_PASSWORD/ARB-HRK" data(15) = "yGgXJsquRnpT0g\00" } How can i authenticate my machine account on Radius server? Do anybody know any tools for this, like: radtest shev-arb$ yGgXJsquRnpT0g 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 (this command fails)

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  • Kernel appears to have no modules

    - by George Reith
    Useful info: OS: CentOS 5.8 final Kernel: 2.6.32-042stab056.8 My kernel came prebuilt with the server, I don't know anything about kernels and not a lot about linux however as far as I do know I should have some modules loaded by the kernel. I came across this problem because I am unable to run iscsi as it is expecting certain modules to be loaded. lsmod returns nothing. depmod -a returns: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory I have rebooted and nothing has changed. Does anyone know why this is happening?

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