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  • Python: Most efficient way to concatenate and rearrange files

    - by user300890
    Hi, I am reading from several files, each file is divided into 2 pieces, first a header section of a few thousand lines followed by a body of a few thousand. My problem is I need to concatenate these files into one file where all the headers are on the top followed by the body. Currently I am using two loops; one to pull out all the headers and write them, and the second to write the body of each file (I also include a tmp_count variable to limit the number of lines to be loading into memory before dumping to file). This is pretty slow - about 6min for 13gb file. Can anyone tell me how to optimize this or if there is a faster way to do this in python ? Thanks! Here is my code: def cat_files_sam(final_file_name,work_directory_master,file_count): final_file = open(final_file_name,"w") if len(file_count) > 1: file_count=sort_output_files(file_count) # only for @ headers for bowtie_file in file_count: #print bowtie_file tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 for line in open(os.path.join(work_directory_master,bowtie_file)): if line.startswith("@"): if tmp_count == 1000000: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 tmp_list.append(line) tmp_count += 1 else: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) break for bowtie_file in file_count: #print bowtie_file tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 for line in open(os.path.join(work_directory_master,bowtie_file)): if line.startswith("@"): continue if tmp_count == 1000000: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 tmp_list.append(line) tmp_count += 1 final_file.writelines(tmp_list) final_file.close()

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  • How to extract part of the path and the ending file name with Regex?

    - by brasofilo
    I need to build an associative array with the plugin name and the language file it uses in the following sequence: /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/adminimize/languages/adminimize-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/audio-tube/lang/atp-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/languages/en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/languages/en_US.mo Those are the language files WordPress is loading. They are all inside /wp-content/, but with variable server paths. I'm looking only for those inside the plugins folder, grab the plugin folder name and the filename. Hipothetical case in PHP, where reg_extract_* functions are the parts I'm missing: $plugins = array(); foreach( $big_array as $item ) { $folder = reg_extract_folder( $item ); if( 'plugin' == $folder ) { // "folder-name-after-plugins-folder" $plugin_name = reg_extract_pname( $item ); // "ending-mo-file.mo" $file_name = reg_extract_fname( $item ); $plugins[] = array( 'name' => $plugin_name, 'file' => $file_name ); } } [update] Ok, so I was missing quite a basic function, pathinfo... :/ No problem to detect if /plugins/ is contained in the array. But what about the plugin folder name?

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • Non-english domain naming issues in programming

    - by Svend
    Most programming code, I imagine is written in english. But I'm curious how people handling the issue of naming herein. Alot of programming is done within some bussiness domain, usually with well established terms for certain procedures, items. I'm from Denmark for instance, and something I work alot with has a term called "indblikskode", which sorta translates to "insight code". So, do I use the line "string indblikskode = ..." in the C# code for some webservice related to this? Or do I try to use a translation, such as "insightcode"? The bussiness I'm in isn't even consistent in it's language, for instance using the term "organisatorisk enhed" (organizatorical unit), but just as often using the abbreviation "OU", which is obviously abbreviated from the english. How do other people handle this naming issue, while keeping consistent, and sane (in everything from simple variable names in your code, to database tables, to server names)? Duplicates: Should identifiers and comments be always in English or in the native language of the application and developers? Do you use another language instead of english ?

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  • incremental way of counting quantiles for large set of data

    - by Gacek
    I need to count the quantiles for a large set of data. Let's assume we can get the data only through some portions (i.e. one row of a large matrix). To count the Q3 quantile one need to get all the portions of the data and store it somewhere, then sort it and count the quantile: List<double> allData = new List<double>(); foreach(var row in matrix) // this is only example. In fact the portions of data are not rows of some matrix { allData.AddRange(row); } allData.Sort(); double p = 0.75*allData.Count; int idQ3 = (int)Math.Ceiling(p) - 1; double Q3 = allData[idQ3]; Now, I would like to find a way of counting this without storing the data in some separate variable. The best solution would be to count some parameters od mid-results for first row and then adjust it step by step for next rows. Note: These datasets are really big (ca 5000 elements in each row) The Q3 can be estimated, it doesn't have to be an exact value. I call the portions of data "rows", but they can have different leghts! Usually it varies not so much (+/- few hundred samples) but it varies! This question is similar to this one: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1058813/on-line-iterator-algorithms-for-estimating-statistical-median-mode-skewness But I need to count quantiles. ALso there are few articles in this topic, i.e.: http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~hofri/medsel.pdf http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=347195&dl But before I would try to implement these, I wanted to ask you if there are maybe any other, qucker ways of counting the 0.25/0.75 quantiles?

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  • Can I avoid explicitly casting objects with a common subclass?

    - by prendio2
    I have an iPodLibraryGroup object and Artist and Album both inherit from it. When it comes to my view controllers though I find that I'm duplicate lots of code, for example I have an ArtistListViewController and and AlbumListViewController even though they're both doing basically the same thing. The reason I've ended up duplicating the code is because these view controllers each refer to either an Artist object or al Album object and I'm not sure how to set it up so that one view controller could handle both — these view controllers are mainly accessing methods that that the objects have in common from iPodLibraryGroup. As an example, to hopefully make this clearer consider this code in AlbumListViewController: - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { Album *album = nil; album = [self albumForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath inTableView:tableView]; … if (!album.thumbnail) { [self startThumbnailDownload:album forIndexPath:indexPath inTableView:tableView]; cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Placeholder.png"]; } else { cell.imageView.image = album.thumbnail; } return cell; } This is essentially completely repeated (along with a hell of a lot more repeated code) in ArtistListViewController just so that I can typecast the local variable as an Artist instead of an Album. Is there a way to not explicitly need to set Artist or Album here so that the same code could work for any object that is a child of iPodLibraryGroup?

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  • How to restrict a content of string to less than 4MB and save that string in DB using C#

    - by Pranay B
    I'm working on a project where I need to get the Text data from pdf files and dump the whole text in a DB column. With the help of iTextsharp, I got the data and referred it String. But now I need to check whether the string exceeds the 4MB limit or not and if it is exceeding then accept the string data which is less than 4MB in size. This is my code: internal string ReadPdfFiles() { // variable to store file path string filePath = null; // open dialog box to select file OpenFileDialog file = new OpenFileDialog(); // dilog box title name file.Title = "Select Pdf File"; //files to be accepted by the user. file.Filter = "Pdf file (*.pdf)|*.pdf|All files (*.*)|*.*"; // set initial directory of computer system file.InitialDirectory = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop); // set restore directory file.RestoreDirectory = true; // execute if block when dialog result box click ok button if (file.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { // store selected file path filePath = file.FileName.ToString(); } //file path /// use a string array and pass all the pdf for searching //String filePath = @"D:\Pranay\Documentation\Working on SSAS.pdf"; try { //creating an instance of PdfReader class using (PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(filePath)) { //creating an instance of StringBuilder class StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder(); //use loop to specify how many pages to read. //I started from 5th page as Piyush told for (int i = 5; i <= reader.NumberOfPages; i++) { //Read the pdf text.Append(PdfTextExtractor.GetTextFromPage(reader, i)); }//end of for(i) int k = 4096000; //Test whether the string exceeds the 4MB if (text.Length < k) { //return the string text1 = text.ToString(); } //end of if } //end of using } //end try catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Please Do select a pdf file!!", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } //end of catch return text1; } //end of ReadPdfFiles() method Do help me!

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  • Varchar columns: Nullable or not.

    - by NYSystemsAnalyst
    The database development standards in our organization state the varchar fields should not allow null values. They should have a default value of an empty string (""). I know this makes querying and concatenation easier, but today, one of my coworkers questioned me about why that standard only existed for varchar types an not other datatypes (int, datetime, etc). I would like to know if others consider this to be a valid, defensible standard, or if varchar should be treated the same as fields of other data types? I believe this standard is valid for the following reason: I believe that an empty string and null values, though technically different, are conceptually the same. An empty, zero length string is a string that does not exist. It has no value. However, a numeric value of 0 is not the same as NULL. For example, if a field called OutstandingBalance has a value of 0, it means there are $0.00 remaining. However, if the same field is NULL, that means the value is unknown. On the other hand, a field called CustomerName with a value of "" is basically the same as a value of NULL because both represent the non-existence of the name. I read somewhere that an analogy for an empty string vs. NULL is that of a blank CD vs. no CD. However, I believe this to be a false analogy because a blank CD still phyically exists and still has physical data space that does not have any meaningful data written to it. Basically, I believe a blank CD is the equivalent of a string of blank spaces (" "), not an empty string. Therefore, I believe a string of blank spaces to be an actual value separate from NULL, but an empty string to be the absense of value conceptually equivalent to NULL. Please let me know if my beliefs regarding variable length strings are valid, or please enlighten me if they are not. I have read several blogs / arguments regarding this subject, but still do not see a true conceptual difference between NULLs and empty strings.

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  • Coding Practices which enable the compiler/optimizer to make a faster program.

    - by EvilTeach
    Many years ago, C compilers were not particularly smart. As a workaround K&R invented the register keyword, to hint to the compiler, that maybe it would be a good idea to keep this variable in an internal register. They also made the tertiary operator to help generate better code. As time passed, the compilers matured. They became very smart in that their flow analysis allowing them to make better decisions about what values to hold in registers than you could possibly do. The register keyword became unimportant. FORTRAN can be faster than C for some sorts of operations, due to alias issues. In theory with careful coding, one can get around this restriction to enable the optimizer to generate faster code. What coding practices are available that may enable the compiler/optimizer to generate faster code? Identifying the platform and compiler you use, would be appreciated. Why does the technique seem to work? Sample code is encouraged. Here is a related question [Edit] This question is not about the overall process to profile, and optimize. Assume that the program has been written correctly, compiled with full optimization, tested and put into production. There may be constructs in your code that prohibit the optimizer from doing the best job that it can. What can you do to refactor that will remove these prohibitions, and allow the optimizer to generate even faster code? [Edit] Offset related link

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  • C++: select argmax over vector of classes w.r.t. arbitrary expression

    - by karpathy
    Hello, I have trouble describing my problem so I'll give an example: I have a class description that has a couple of variables in it, for example: class A{ float a, b, c, d; } Now, I maintain a vector<A> that contains many of these classes. What I need to do very very often is to find the object inside this vector that satisfies that one of it's parameters is maximal w.r.t to the others. i.e code looks something like: int maxi=-1; float maxa=-1000; for(int i=0;i<vec.size();i++){ res= vec[i].a; if(res > maxa) { maxa= res; maxi=i; } } return vec[maxi]; However, sometimes I need to find class with maximal a, sometimes with maximal b, sometimes the class with maximal 0.8*a + 0.2*b, sometimes I want a maximal a*VAR + b, where VAR is some variable that is assigned in front, etc. In other words, I need to evaluate an expression for every class, and take the max. I find myself copy-pasting this everywhere, and only changing the single line that defines res. What makes it even more complicated is that even the name of the vector changes. Sometimes it's vec, sometimes it can be something else. I have many vectors that contain A's. This could be changed if this makes the problem too hard. Is there some nice way to avoid this insanity in C++? What's the neatest way to handle this? Thank you!

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  • Reduce function calls

    - by Curious2learn
    Hello, I profiled my python program and found that the following function was taking too long to run. Perhaps, I can use a different algorithm and make it run faster. However, I have read that I can also possibly increase the speed by reducing function calls, especially when it gets called repeatedly within a loop. I am a python newbie and would like to learn how to do this and see how much faster it can get. Currently, the function is: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 for person in setOfPeople: if person.getUtility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count where setOfPeople is a list of person objects. I tried the following: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 Utility=person.getUtility for person in setOfPeople: if Utility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count This, however, gives me an error saying local variable 'person' referenced before assignment Any suggestions, how I can reduce function calls or any other changes that can make the code faster. Again, I am a python newbie and even though I may possibly be able to use a better algorithm, it is still worthwhile learning the answer to the above question. Thanks very much.

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  • Linux C debugging library to detect memory corruptions

    - by calandoa
    When working sometimes ago on an embedded system with a simple MMU, I used to program dynamically this MMU to detect memory corruptions. For instance, at some moment at runtime, the foo variable was overwritten with some unexpected data (probably by a dangling pointer or whatever). So I added the additional debugging code : at init, the memory used by foo was indicated as a forbidden region to the MMU; each time foo was accessed on purpose, access to the region was allowed just before then forbidden just after; a MMU irq handler was added to dump the master and the address responsible of the violation. This was actually some kind of watchpoint, but directly self-handled by the code itself. Now, I would like to reuse the same trick, but on a x86 platform. The problem is that I am very far from understanding how is working the MMU on this platform, and how it is used by Linux, but I wonder if any library/tool/system call already exist to deal with this problem. Note that I am aware that various tools exist like Valgrind or GDB to manage memory problems, but as far as I know, none of these tools car be dynamically reconfigured by the debugged code. I am mainly interested for user space under Linux, but any info on kernel mode or under Windows is also welcome!

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  • need to display info for user within active-directory

    - by Brad
    The following code will search for the user within the domain controller, but I want to display the info of each thing noted within the justthese variable: "displayname","mail","samaccountname","sn","givenname","department","telephonenumber" $dn = "dc=xxx,dc=xxx"; $justthese = array("displayname","mail","samaccountname","sn","givenname","department","telephonenumber"); $sr=ldap_search($ldapconn, $dn,'SAMAccountName=username', $justthese); $info = ldap_get_entries($ldapconn, $sr); echo "<h3>".$info["count"]." entries returned</h3>"; foreach($justthese as $key=>$value){ print '<p><strong>'.$value.'</strong></p>'; } It displays each item within the $justthese array, I want to display the info for that user for each thing noted in $justthese array. Right now it outputs it like this: displayname mail samaccountname sn givenname department telephonenumber I want it to have the actual data to the right of it, which I know I am doing something wrong with the foreach loop, any help is appreciated. So it'd look like this displayname Chuck mail [email protected] samaccountname chucknorris sn chuckisthebest givenname Chuck Norris department Security telephonenumber 555-555-5555

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  • Code smells galore. Can this be a good company?

    - by Paperflyer
    I am currently doing some contract work for a company. Now they want to hire me for real. I have been reading on SO about code smells lately. The thing is, I have worked with some of their code and it smells. Badly. They use incredibly old versions of MSVC (2003), they do not seem to use version control systems, most code is completely undocumented, variable names with more than three letters are a rarity, there is commented out code all over the place, some methods take huge amounts of arguments, UI design is seemingly done by blind people... Yet they seem to be quite successful with what they do and their actual algorithms seem to be pretty sound and rather sophisticated. Since they mostly do DSP stuff, I am willing to ignore the UI side of things, but really these code smells are worrying. What would you think of a company that doesn't seem to value readable code? The people are nice enough and payment would be good. How much would you value code smells in this context? You see, this is my first job and SO got me worried, so I turn to you for suggestions ;-)

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  • a + sing in email address

    - by d.andreykiv
    Hi. I need to submit an email address with a "+" sign and validate in on server. But server receives email like "[email protected]" as "aaa [email protected]". I send all data as POST request with following code NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", url, @"/signUp"]]; NSString *post = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"&email=%@&userName=%@&password=%@", user.email, user.userName, user.password]; NSData *postData = [post dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:NO]; NSData* data = [self sendRequest:url postData:postData]; post variable before encoding has value &[email protected]&userName=Asdfasdfadsfadsf&password=sdfasdf after encoding it is same &[email protected]&userName=Asdfasdfadsfadsf&password=sdfasdf Method I use to send request looks like following code: -(id) sendRequest:(NSURL*) url postData:(NSData*)postData { // Create request NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init]; NSString *postLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[postData length]]; [request setURL:url]; [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; [request setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Current-Type"]; [request setValue:postLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"]; [request setHTTPBody:postData]; NSURLResponse *urlResponse; NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&urlResponse error:nil]; [request release]; return data; }

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  • Python 3.3 Webserver restarting problems

    - by IPDGino
    I have made a simple webserver in python, and had some problems with it before as described here: Python (3.3) Webserver script with an interesting error In that question, the answer was to use a While True: loop so that any crashes or errors would be resolved instantly, because it would just start itself again. I've used this for a while, and still want to make the server restart itself every few minutes, but on Linux for some reason it won't work for me. On windows the code below works fine, but on linux it keeps saying Handler class up here ... ... class Server: def __init__(self): self.server_class = HTTPServer self.server_adress = ('MY IP GOES HERE, or localhost', 8080) global httpd httpd = self.server_class(self.server_adress, Handler) self.main() def main(self): if count > 1: global SERVER_UP_SINCE HOUR_CHECK = int(((count - 1) * RESTART_INTERVAL) / 60) SERVER_UPTIME = str(HOUR_CHECK) + " MINUTES" if HOUR_CHECK > 60: minutes = int(HOUR_CHECK % 60) hours = int(HOUR_CHECK // 60) SERVER_UPTIME = ("%s HOURS, %s MINUTES" % (str(hours), str(minutes))) SERVING_ON_ADDR = self.server_adress SERVER_UP_SINCE = str(SERVER_UP_SINCE) SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER = count - 1 print(""" SERVER INFO ------------------------------------- SERVER_UPTIME: %s SERVER_UP_SINCE: %s TOTAL_FILES_SERVED: %d SERVING_ON_ADDR: %s SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER: %s \n\nSERVER HAS RESTARTED """ % (SERVER_UPTIME, SERVER_UP_SINCE, TOTAL_FILES, SERVING_ON_ADDR, SERVER_RESTART_NUMBER)) else: print("SERVER_BOOT=1\nSERVER_ONLINE=TRUE\nRESTART_LOOP=TRUE\nSERVING_ON_ADDR:%s" % str(self.server_adress)) while True: try: httpd.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print("Shutting down...") break httpd.shutdown() httpd.socket.close() raise(SystemExit) return def server_restart(): """If you want the restart timer to be longer, replace the number after the RESTART_INTERVAL variable""" global RESTART_INTERVAL RESTART_INTERVAL = 10 threading.Timer(RESTART_INTERVAL, server_restart).start() global count count = count + 1 instance = Server() if __name__ == "__main__": global SERVER_UP_SINCE SERVER_UP_SINCE = strftime("%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S", gmtime()) server_restart() Basically, I make a thread to restart it every 10 seconds (For testing purposes) and start the server. After ten seconds it will say File "/home/username/Desktop/Webserver/server.py", line 199, in __init__ httpd = self.server_class(self.server_adress, Handler) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/socketserver.py", line 430, in __init__ self.server_bind() File "/usr/lib/python3.3/http/server.py", line 135, in server_bind socketserver.TCPServer.server_bind(self) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/socketserver.py", line 441, in server_bind self.socket.bind(self.server_address) OSError: [Errno 98] Address already in use As you can see in the except KeyboardInterruption line, I tried everything to make the server stop, and the program stop, but it will NOT stop. But the thing I really want to know is how to make this server able to restart, without giving some wonky errors.

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  • Why can't I roll a loop in Javascript?

    - by Carl Manaster
    I am working on a web page that uses dojo and has a number (6 in my test case, but variable in general) of project widgets on it. I'm invoking dojo.addOnLoad(init), and in my init() function I have these lines: dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 0).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(0);}); dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 1).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(1);}); dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 2).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(2);}); dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 3).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(3);}); dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 4).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(4);}); dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + 5).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(5);}); and change events for my project widgets properly invoke the makeMatch function. But if I replace them with a loop: for (var i = 0; i < 6; i++) dojo.connect(dijit.byId("project" + i).InputNode, "onChange", function() {makeMatch(i);}); same makeMatch() function, same init() invocation, same everything else - just rolling my calls up into a loop - the makeMatch function is never called; the objects are not wired. What's going on, and how do I fix it? I've tried using dojo.query, but its behavior is the same as the for loop case.

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  • Transform only one axis to log10 scale with ggplot2

    - by daroczig
    I have the following problem: I would like to visualize a discrete and a continuous variable on a boxplot in which the latter has a few extreme high values. This makes the boxplot meaningless (the points and even the "body" of the chart is too small), that is why I would like to show this on a log10 scale. I am aware that I could leave out the extreme values from the visualization, but I am not intended to. Let's see a simple example with diamonds data: m <- ggplot(diamonds, aes(y = price, x = color)) The problem is not serious here, but I hope you could imagine why I would like to see the values at a log10 scale. Let's try it: m + geom_boxplot() + coord_trans(y = "log10") As you can see the y axis is log10 scaled and looks fine but there is a problem with the x axis, which makes the plot very strange. The problem do not occur with scale_log, but this is not an option for me, as I cannot use a custom formatter this way. E.g.: m + geom_boxplot() + scale_y_log10() My question: does anyone know a solution to plot the boxplot with log10 scale on y axis which labels could be freely formatted with a formatter function like in this thread? Editing the question to help answerers based on answers and comments: What I am really after: one log10 transformed axis (y) with not scientific labels. I would like to label it like dollar (formatter=dollar) or any custom format. If I try @hadley's suggestion I get the following warnings: > m + geom_boxplot() + scale_y_log10(formatter=dollar) Warning messages: 1: In max(x) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf 2: In max(x) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf 3: In max(x) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf With an unchanged y axis labels:

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  • C++: best way to implement globally scoped data

    - by bobobobo
    I'd like to make program-wide data in a C++ program, without running into pesky LNK2005 errors when all the source files #includes this "global variable repository" file. I have 2 ways to do it in C++, and I'm asking which way is better. The easiest way to do it in C# is just public static members. C#: public static class DataContainer { public static Object data1 ; public static Object data2 ; } In C++ you can do the same thing C++ global data way#1: class DataContainer { public: static Object data1 ; static Object data2 ; } ; Object DataContainer::data1 ; Object DataContainer::data2 ; However there's also extern C++ global data way #2: class DataContainer { public: Object data1 ; Object data2 ; } ; extern DataContainer * dataContainer ; // instantiate in .cpp file In C++ which is better, or possibly another way which I haven't thought about? The solution has to not cause LNK2005 "object already defined" errors.

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  • get another sequence elements'value in one sequence.

    - by lxusharp
    I have an XML file as below, and I want to transform it with xslt. I want to achieve is: when do the for-each of "s1" elements, I want to get the corresponding "r1"'s "value" attbute value. the xslt I wrote as below, but it does not work, can anyone give a help? thanks. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" exclude-result-prefixes="msxsl"> <xsl:output method="html" indent="yes"/> <xsl:template mode="getr1" match="summary" > <xsl:param name="index"/> <xsl:value-of select="r1[$index][@value]"/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <ul> <xsl:for-each select="root/s1"> <xsl:variable name="i" select="position()"/> <li> <xsl:value-of select ="@name"/> : <!--<xsl:apply-templates mode="getr1" select="/root/summary"> <xsl:with-param name="index" select="$i" /> </xsl:apply-templates>--> <!--I want to get the corresponding r1's value according to the index --> <!-- but above code is not work.--> </li> </xsl:for-each> </ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

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  • Using JAXB to customise the generation of java enums

    - by belltower
    I'm using an external bindings file when using jaxb against an XML schema. I'm mostly using the bindings file to map from the XML schema primitives to my own types. This is a snippet of the bindings file <jxb:bindings version="1.0" xmlns:jxb="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxb" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ai="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jaxb/xjc" extensionBindingPrefixes="ai"> <jxb:bindings schemaLocation="xsdurl" node="xs:schema"> <jxb:globalBindings> <jxb:javaType name="com.companyname.StringType" xmlType="xs:string" parseMethod="parse" printMethod="print" hasNsContext="true"> </jxb:javaType> </jxb:globalBindings> </jxb:bindings> </jxb:bindings> So whenever a xs:string is encountered, the com.companyname.StringType the methods print / parse are called for marshalling/unmarshalling etc. Now if JAXB encounters an xs:enumeration it will generate a java enum. For example: <xs:simpleType name="Address"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="ADDR"/> <xs:enumeration value="PBOX"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> public enum Address { ADDR, PBOX, public String value() { return name(); } public static Address fromValue(String v) { return valueOf(v); } } Does anyone know if it is possible to customise the creation of an enum like it is for a primitive? I would like to be able to: Add a standard member variable / other methods to every enum generated by jaxb. Specify the static method used to create the enum.

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  • How would I go about sharing variables in a C++ class with Lua?

    - by Nicholas Flynt
    I'm fairly new to Lua, I've been working on trying to implement Lua scripting for logic in a Game Engine I'm putting together. I've had no trouble so far getting Lua up and running through the engine, and I'm able to call Lua functions from C and C functions from Lua. The way the engine works now, each Object class contains a set of variables that the engine can quickly iterate over to draw or process for physics. While game objects all need to access and manipulate these variables in order for the Game Engine itself to see any changes, they are free to create their own variables, a Lua is exceedingly flexible about this so I don't forsee any issues. Anyway, currently the Game Engine side of things are sitting in C land, and I really want them to stay there for performance reasons. So in an ideal world, when spawning a new game object, I'd need to be able to give Lua read/write access to this standard set of variables as part of the Lua object's base class, which its game logic could then proceed to run wild with. So far, I'm keeping two separate tables of objects in place-- Lua spawns a new game object which adds itself to a numerically indexed global table of objects, and then proceeds to call a C++ function, which creates a new GameObject class and registers the Lua index (an int) with the class. So far so good, C++ functions can now see the Lua object and easily perform operations or call functions in Lua land using dostring. What I need to do now is take the C++ variables, part of the GameObject class, and expose them to Lua, and this is where google is failing me. I've encountered a very nice method here which details the process using tags, but I've read that this method is deprecated in favor of metatables. What is the ideal way to accomplish this? Is it worth the hassle of learning how to pass class definitions around using libBind or some equivalent method, or is there a simple way I can just register each variable (once, at spawn time) with the global lua object? What's the "current" best way to do this, as of Lua 5.1.4?

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  • Javascript code works only when the page loads

    - by victor
    I have a page with a dropdown and two textboxes. The javascript code checks to make sure that if the dropdown says Appointment Made or Patient Scheduled, the appropriate text boxes will have dates in them. When the page loads and the drop down shows either of the two above, all works fine but when I change the drop down the script does not work. I have put an alert statament after the third line and do see that when I make a change to patient_status, the variable a gets updated but for some reason the script fails and does not prompt. For example if the page loads and Appointment Made is selected, the script will prompt, but if I change the drop down to Patient Scheduled, it will not prompt. Thank You. function calculate() { a= document.getElementById("EditRecordpatient_status").value; b= document.getElementById("EditRecordSurgery_Date").value; c= document.getElementById("EditRecordConsult_Date").value; alert(a); alert(b); alert(c); if (a=="Appointment Made" && c=="") { alert('You have scheduled a patient for consultation but the consult date is missing!'); return false; } else if (a=="Patient Scheduled" && b=="") { alert('You have scheduled a patient for surgery but the surgery date is missing!'); return false; } else { return true; } } document.getElementById("Mod0EditRecord").onclick=calculate;

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  • scanf segfaults and various other anomalies inside while loop

    - by Shadow
    while(1){ //Command prompt char *command; printf("%s>",current_working_directory); scanf("%s",command);<--seg faults after input has been received. printf("\ncommand:%s\n",command); } I am getting a few different errors and they don't really seem reproducible(except for the segfault at this point .<). This code worked fine about 10 minutes ago, then it infinite looped the printf command and now it seg faults on the line mentioned above. The only thing I changed was scanf("%s",command); to what it currently is. If I change the command variable to be an array it works, obviously this is because the storage is set aside for it. 1) I got prosecuted about telling someone that they needed to malloc a pointer* (But that usually seems to solve the problem such as making it an array) 2) the command I am entering is "magic" 5 characters so there shouldn't be any crazy stack overflow. 3) I am running on mac OSX 10.6 with newest version of xCode(non-OS4) and standard gcc 4) this is how I compile the program: gcc --std=c99 -W sfs.c Just trying to figure out what is going on. Being this is for a school project I am never going to have to see again, I will just code some noob work around that would make my boss cry :) But for afterwards I would love to figure out why this is happening and not just make some fix for it, and if there is some fix for it why that fix works.

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