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  • Artificial Intelligence in online game using Google App Engine

    - by Hortinstein
    I am currently in the planning stages of a game for google app engine, but cannot wrap my head around how I am going to handle AI. I intend to have persistant NPCs that will move about the map, but short of writing a program that generates the same XML requests I use to control player actions, than run it on another server I am stuck on how to do it. I have looked at the Task Queue feature, but due to long running processes not being an option on the App engine, I am a little stuck. I intend to run multiple server instances with 200+ persistant NPC entities that I will need to update. Most action is slowly roaming around based on player movements/concentrations, and attacking close range players...(you can probably guess the type of game im developing)

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  • 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'

    - by Bill Jordan
    Hello guys, I am sending a SOAP request to my server and getting the response back. sample of the response string is shown below: <?xml version = '1.0' ?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env=http:////www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelop . .. .. <env:Body> <epas:get-all-config-resp xmlns:epas="urn:organization:epas:soap"> ^M ... ... <epas:property name="Tom">12</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Alice">34</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="John">56</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Danial">78</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="George">90</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Luise">11</epas:property> ... ^M </env:Body? </env:Envelop> What I noticed in the response is that there is an extra character shown in the body which is "^M". Not sure if this could be the issue. Note the ^M shown! when I tried parsing the string returned from the server to get the names and values using the code sample: elements = minidom.parseString(xmldoc).getElementsByTagName("property") myDict = {} for element in elements: myDict[element.getAttribute('name')] = element.firstChild.data But, I am getting this error: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'. May be its something to do with the "^M" shown on the xml response back! Any ideas/comments would be appreciated, Cheers

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  • Matplotlib: plotting discrete values

    - by Arkapravo
    I am trying to plot the following ! from numpy import * from pylab import * import random for x in range(1,500): y = random.randint(1,25000) print(x,y) plot(x,y) show() However, I keep getting a blank graph (?). Just to make sure that the program logic is correct I added the code print(x,y), just the confirm that (x,y) pairs are being generated. (x,y) pairs are being generated, but there is no plot, I keep getting a blank graph. Any help ?

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  • In Django, how to create tables from an SQL file when syncdb is run

    - by Sidney
    Hi, How do I make syncdb execute SQL queries (for table creation) defined by me, rather then generating tables automatically. I'm looking for this solution as some particular models in my app represent SQL-table-views for a legacy-database table. So, I've created their SQL-views in my django-DB like this: CREATE VIEW legacy_series AS SELECT * FROM legacy.series; I have a reverse engineered model that represents the above view/legacytable. But whenever I run syncdb, I have to create all the views first by running sql scripts, otherwise syncdb simply creates tables for them (if a view is not found). How do I make syncdb run the above mentioned SQL?

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  • Displaying emails in a JTable (Java Swing)

    - by Paul
    Hi I'm new to all this. I have been trying to display fetched emails in a JTable using the JavaMail add-on. However when I ask the program to set the value it never does. I have been working in NetBeans if that is any help? the fetchMail class finds all may on a server. The gui class is used to display all emails in a table as well as creating mail. You will probably think that I have tried it like a bull in a china shop, I am new to Java and trying to give myself a challenge. Any help/advice would be greatly appreciated fetchMail: package mail; import java.util.; import java.io.; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import javax.mail.; import javax.mail.internet.; import javax.mail.search.; import javax.activation.; public class fetchMail { public void fetch(String username, String pass, String search){ MessagesTableModel tableModel = new MessagesTableModel(); String complete; DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy"); gui gui = new gui(); // SUBSTITUTE YOUR ISP's POP3 SERVER HERE!!! String host = "imap.gmail.com"; // SUBSTITUTE YOUR USERNAME AND PASSWORD TO ACCESS E-MAIL HERE!!! String user = username; String password = pass; // SUBSTITUTE YOUR SUBJECT SUBSTRING TO SEARCH HERE!!! String subjectSubstringToSearch = search; // Get a session. Use a blank Properties object. Session session = Session.getInstance(new Properties()); Properties props = System.getProperties(); props.setProperty("mail.store.protocol", "imaps"); props.setProperty("mail.imap.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); props.setProperty("mail.imap.socketFactory.fallback", "false"); try { // Get a Store object Store store = session.getStore("imaps"); store.connect(host, user, password); // Get "INBOX" Folder fldr = store.getFolder("INBOX"); fldr.open(Folder.READ_WRITE); int count = fldr.getMessageCount(); System.out.println(count + " total messages"); // Message numebers start at 1 for(int i = 1; i <= count; i++) { // Get a message by its sequence number Message m = fldr.getMessage(i); // Get some headers Date date = m.getSentDate(); int pos = i - 1; String d = df.format(date); Address [] from = m.getFrom(); String subj = m.getSubject(); String mimeType = m.getContentType(); complete = date + "\t" + from[0] + "\t" + subj + "\t" + mimeType; //tableModel.setMessages(m); gui.setDate(d, pos); // System.out.println(d + " " + i); } // Search for e-mails by some subject substring String pattern = subjectSubstringToSearch; SubjectTerm st = new SubjectTerm(pattern); // Get some message references Message [] found = fldr.search(st); System.out.println(found.length + " messages matched Subject pattern \"" + pattern + "\""); for (int i = 0; i < found.length; i++) { Message m = found[i]; // Get some headers Date date = m.getSentDate(); Address [] from = m.getFrom(); String subj = m.getSubject(); String mimeType = m.getContentType(); //System.out.println(date + "\t" + from[0] + "\t" + // subj + "\t" + mimeType); Object o = m.getContent(); if (o instanceof String) { // System.out.println("**This is a String Message**"); // System.out.println((String)o); } else if (o instanceof Multipart) { // System.out.print("**This is a Multipart Message. "); Multipart mp = (Multipart)o; int count3 = mp.getCount(); // System.out.println("It has " + count3 + // " BodyParts in it**"); for (int j = 0; j < count3; j++) { // Part are numbered starting at 0 BodyPart b = mp.getBodyPart(j); String mimeType2 = b.getContentType(); // System.out.println( "BodyPart " + (j + 1) + // " is of MimeType " + mimeType); Object o2 = b.getContent(); if (o2 instanceof String) { // System.out.println("**This is a String BodyPart**"); // System.out.println((String)o2); } else if (o2 instanceof Multipart) { // System.out.print( // "**This BodyPart is a nested Multipart. "); Multipart mp2 = (Multipart)o2; int count2 = mp2.getCount(); // System.out.println("It has " + count2 + // "further BodyParts in it**"); } else if (o2 instanceof InputStream) { // System.out.println( // "**This is an InputStream BodyPart**"); } } //End of for } else if (o instanceof InputStream) { // System.out.println("**This is an InputStream message**"); InputStream is = (InputStream)o; // Assumes character content (not binary images) int c; while ((c = is.read()) != -1) { // System.out.write(c); } } // Uncomment to set "delete" flag on the message //m.setFlag(Flags.Flag.DELETED,true); } //End of for // "true" actually deletes flagged messages from folder fldr.close(true); store.close(); } catch (MessagingException mex) { // Prints all nested (chained) exceptions as well mex.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException ioex) { ioex.printStackTrace(); } } } gui: /* * gui.java * * Created on 13-May-2010, 18:29:30 */ package mail; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.FieldPosition; import java.text.ParsePosition; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Vector; import javax.mail.Address; import javax.swing.JScrollPane; import javax.swing.JTable; import javax.swing.ListSelectionModel; import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent; import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener; import javax.swing.event.TableModelListener; import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel; import javax.swing.table.TableModel; public class gui extends javax.swing.JFrame { private MessagesTableModel tableModel; // Table listing messages. private JTable table; String date; /** Creates new form gui */ public gui() { initComponents(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void initComponents() { recieve = new javax.swing.JButton(); jButton1 = new javax.swing.JButton(); jScrollPane1 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane(); inboxTable = new javax.swing.JTable(); setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); recieve.setText("Receve"); recieve.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { recieveActionPerformed(evt); } }); jButton1.setText("new"); jButton1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { jButton1ActionPerformed(evt); } }); inboxTable.setModel(new javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel( new Object [][] { {null, null, null}, {null, null, null}, {null, null, null}, {null, null, null} }, new String [] { "Date", "subject", "sender" } ) { Class[] types = new Class [] { java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class, java.lang.String.class }; public Class getColumnClass(int columnIndex) { return types [columnIndex]; } }); jScrollPane1.setViewportView(inboxTable); inboxTable.getColumnModel().getColumn(0).setResizable(false); inboxTable.getColumnModel().getColumn(1).setResizable(false); inboxTable.getColumnModel().getColumn(2).setResizable(false); javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane()); getContentPane().setLayout(layout); layout.setHorizontalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(39, 39, 39) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 558, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addComponent(recieve) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 75, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))) .addGap(73, 73, 73)) ); layout.setVerticalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(31, 31, 31) .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) .addComponent(recieve) .addComponent(jButton1)) .addGap(18, 18, 18) .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 258, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addContainerGap(179, Short.MAX_VALUE)) ); pack(); }// </editor-fold> private void recieveActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { fetchMail fetch = new fetchMail(); fetch.fetch(email goes here, password goes here, search goes here); } private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { createMail create = new createMail(); centerW center = new centerW(); //create.attVis(); center.center(create); create.setVisible(true); } public void setDate(String Date, int pos){ //pos = pos + 1; String [] s = new String [5]; s[pos] = Date; inboxTable.setValueAt(Date, pos, 0); } public String getDate(){ return date; } /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { new gui().setVisible(true); } }); } // Variables declaration - do not modify private javax.swing.JTable inboxTable; private javax.swing.JButton jButton1; private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane1; private javax.swing.JButton recieve; // End of variables declaration }

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  • How to clone a mercurial repository over an ssh connection initiated by fabric when http authorizati

    - by Monika Sulik
    I'm attempting to use fabric for the first time and I really like it so far, but at a certain point in my deployment script I want to clone a mercurial repository. When I get to that point I get an error: err: abort: http authorization required My repository requires http authorization and fabric doesn't prompt me for the user and password. I can get around this by changing my repository address from: https://hostname/repository to: https://user:password@hostname/repository But for various reasons I would prefer not to go this route. Are there any other ways in which I could bypass this problem?

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  • Non-global middleware in Django

    - by hekevintran
    In Django there is a settings file that defines the middleware to be run on each request. This middleware setting is global. Is there a way to specify a set of middleware on a per-view basis? I want to have specific urls use a set of middleware different from the global set.

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  • Real-time data on webpage with Django and jQuery

    - by Steven Hepting
    I would like a webpage that constantly updates a graph with new data as it arrives. Regularly, all the data you have is passed to a Django view at the beginning of the request. However, I need the page to be able to update itself with fresh information every few seconds to redraw the graph. Background The webpage will be similar to this http://www.panic.com/blog/2010/03/the-panic-status-board/. The data coming in will temperature values to be graphed measured by an Arduino and saved to the Django database (I've already done this part).

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  • Graphics glitch when drawing to a Cairo context obtained from a gtk.DrawingArea inside a gtk.Viewport.

    - by user410023
    I am trying to redraw the part of the DrawingArea that is visible in the Viewport in the expose-event handler. However, it seems that I am doing something wrong with the coordinates that are passed to the event handler because there is garbage at the edge of the Viewport when scrolling. Can anyone tell what I am doing wrong? Here is a small example: import pygtk pygtk.require("2.0") import gtk from numpy import array from math import pi class Circle(object): def init(self, position = [0., 0.], radius = 0., edge = (0., 0., 0.), fill = None): self.position = position self.radius = radius self.edge = edge self.fill = fill def draw(self, ctx): rect = array(ctx.clip_extents()) rect[2] -= rect[0] rect[3] -= rect[1] center = rect[2:4] / 2 ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], self.radius, 0., 2. * pi) if self.fill != None: ctx.set_source_rgb(*self.fill) ctx.fill_preserve() ctx.set_source_rgb(*self.edge) ctx.stroke() class Scene(object): class Proxy(object): directory = {} def init(self, target, layers = set()): self.target = target self.layers = layers Scene.Proxy.directory[target] = self def __init__(self, viewport): self.objects = {} self.layers = [set()] self.viewport = viewport self.signals = {} def draw(self, ctx): x = self.viewport.get_hadjustment().value y = self.viewport.get_vadjustment().value ctx.set_source_rgb(1., 1., 1.) ctx.paint() ctx.translate(x, y) for obj in self: obj.draw(ctx) def add(self, item, layer = 0): item = Scene.Proxy(item, layers = set((layer,))) assert(hasattr(item.target, "draw")) assert(isinstance(layer, int)) item.layers.add(layer) while not layer < len(self.layers): self.layers.append(set()) self.layers[layer].add(item) if not item in self.objects: self.objects[item] = set() self.objects[item].add(layer) def remove(self, item, layers = None): item = Scene.Proxy.directory[item] if layers == None: layers = self.objects[item] for layer in layers: layer.remove(item) item.layers.remove(layer) if len(item.layers) == 0: self.objects.remove(item) def __iter__(self): for layer in self.layers: for item in layer: yield item.target class App(object): def init(self): signals = { "canvas_exposed": self.update_canvas, "gtk_main_quit": gtk.main_quit } self.builder = gtk.Builder() self.builder.add_from_file("graphics_glitch.glade") self.window = self.builder.get_object("window") self.viewport = self.builder.get_object("viewport") self.canvas = self.builder.get_object("canvas") self.scene = Scene(self.viewport) signals.update(self.scene.signals) self.builder.connect_signals(signals) self.window.show() def update_canvas(self, widget, event): ctx = self.canvas.window.cairo_create() self.scene.draw(ctx) ctx.clip() if name == "main": app = App() scene = app.scene scene.add(Circle((0., 0.), 10.)) gtk.main() And the Glade file "graphics_glitch.glade": <?xml version="1.0"?> <interface> <requires lib="gtk+" version="2.16"/> <!-- interface-naming-policy project-wide --> <object class="GtkWindow" id="window"> <property name="width_request">200</property> <property name="height_request">200</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <signal name="destroy" handler="gtk_main_quit"/> <child> <object class="GtkScrolledWindow" id="scrolledwindow1"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="hadjustment">h_adjust</property> <property name="vadjustment">v_adjust</property> <property name="hscrollbar_policy">automatic</property> <property name="vscrollbar_policy">automatic</property> <child> <object class="GtkViewport" id="viewport"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="resize_mode">queue</property> <child> <object class="GtkDrawingArea" id="canvas"> <property name="width_request">640</property> <property name="height_request">480</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <signal name="expose_event" handler="canvas_exposed"/> </object> </child> </object> </child> </object> </child> </object> <object class="GtkAdjustment" id="h_adjust"> <property name="lower">-1000</property> <property name="upper">1000</property> <property name="step_increment">1</property> <property name="page_increment">25</property> <property name="page_size">25</property> </object> <object class="GtkAdjustment" id="v_adjust"> <property name="lower">-1000</property> <property name="upper">1000</property> <property name="step_increment">1</property> <property name="page_increment">25</property> <property name="page_size">25</property> </object> </interface> Thanks! --Dan

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  • Django: Summing values

    - by Anry
    I have a two Model - Project and Cost. class Project(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=150) url = models.URLField() manager = models.ForeignKey(User) class Cost(models.Model): project = models.ForeignKey(Project) cost = models.FloatField() date = models.DateField() I must return the sum of costs for each project. view.py: from mypm.costs.models import Project, Cost from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from django.db.models import Avg, Sum def index(request): #... return render_to_response('index.html',... How?

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  • how to import a.py not a folder

    - by zjm1126
    zjm_code |-----a.py |-----a |----- __init__.py |-----b.py in a.py is : c='ccc' in b.py is : import a print dir(a) when i execute b.py ,it show (it import 'a' folder): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__path__'] and when i delete a folder, it show ,(it import a.py): ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'c'] so my question is : how to import a.py via not delete a folder thanks

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  • Url open encoding

    - by badc0re
    I have the following code for urllib and BeautifulSoup: getSite = urllib.urlopen(pageName) # open current site getSitesoup = BeautifulSoup(getSite.read()) # reading the site content print getSitesoup.originalEncoding for value in getSitesoup.find_all('link'): # extract all <a> tags defLinks.append(value.get('href')) The result of it: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/bs4/dammit.py:231: UnicodeWarning: Some characters could not be decoded, and were replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. "Some characters could not be decoded, and were " And when i try to read the site i get: ?7?e????0*"I??G?H????F??????9-??????;??E?YÞBs????????????4i???)?????^W?????`w?Ke??%??*9?.'OQB???V??@?????]???(P??^??q?$?S5???tT*?Z

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  • Execute function without sending 'self' to it

    - by Sergey
    Is that possible to define a function without referencing to self this way? def myfunc(var_a,var_b) But so that it could also get sender data, like if I defined it like this: def myfunc(self, var_a,var_b) That self is always the same so it looks a little redundant here always to run a function this way: myfunc(self,'data_a','data_b'). Then I would like to get its data in the function like this sender.fields. UPDATE: Here is some code to understand better what I mean. The class below is used to show a page based on Jinja2 templates engine for users to sign up. class SignupHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, *args, **kwargs): utils.render_template(self, 'signup.html') And this code below is a render_template that I created as wrapper to Jinja2 functions to use it more conveniently in my project: def render_template(response, template_name, vars=dict(), is_string=False): template_dirs = [os.path.join(root(), 'templates')] logging.info(template_dirs[0]) env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(template_dirs)) try: template = env.get_template(template_name) except TemplateNotFound: raise TemplateNotFound(template_name) content = template.render(vars) if is_string: return content else: response.response.out.write(content) As I use this function render_template very often in my project and usually the same way, just with different template files, I wondered if there was a way to get rid of having to call it like I do it now, with self as the first argument but still having access to that object.

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  • How do I get javascript results using selenium?

    - by Seth
    I have the following code: from selenium import selenium selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", "http://some_site.com/") selenium.start() sel = selenium sel.open("/") sel.type("ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SuburbTownTextBox", "Adelaide,SA,5000") sel.click("ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_SearchImageButton") #text = sel.get_body_text() text = sel.get_html_source() print(text) The click executes a javascript file which then produces results on the same page. Obviously print(text) will only print the orignal html source. How do I get to the results of the javascript?

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  • Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check

    - by Rahul99
    I have .zip file which contain csv data. I am reading .zip file using <input type = "file" name = "select_file"/> I want to decompress that .zip file and read csv data. file_data = self.request.get('select_file') file_str = zlib.decompress(file_data) #file_data_list = file_str.split('\n') #file_Reader = csv.reader(file_data_list,quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE ) I am expecting csv data in file_str but I am getting error. error :: Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check What I have to use?

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  • Convert args to flat list?

    - by Mark
    I know this is very similar to a few other questions, but I can't quite get this function to work correctly. def flatten(*args): return list(item for iterable in args for item in iterable) The output I'm looking for is: flatten(1) -> [1] flatten(1,[2]) -> [1, 2] flatten([1,[2]]) -> [1, 2] The current function, which I from another SO answer doesn't seem to produce correct results at all: >>> flatten([1,[2]]) [1, [2]] I wrote the following function which seems to work for 0 or 1 levels of nesting, but not deeper: def flatten(*args): output = [] for arg in args: if hasattr(arg, '__iter__'): output += arg else: output += [arg] return output

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  • Scrapy Not Returning Additonal Info from Scraped Link in Item via Request Callback

    - by zoonosis
    Basically the code below scrapes the first 5 items of a table. One of the fields is another href and clicking on that href provides more info which I want to collect and add to the original item. So parse is supposed to pass the semi populated item to parse_next_page which then scrapes the next bit and should return the completed item back to parse Running the code below only returns the info collected in parse If I change the return items to return request I get a completed item with all 3 "things" but I only get 1 of the rows, not all 5. Im sure its something simple, I just can't see it. class ThingSpider(BaseSpider): name = "thing" allowed_domains = ["somepage.com"] start_urls = [ "http://www.somepage.com" ] def parse(self, response): hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) items = [] for x in range (1,6): item = ScrapyItem() str_selector = '//tr[@name="row{0}"]'.format(x) item['thing1'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/text()').extract() item['thing2'] = hxs.select(str_selector")]/a/@href').extract() print 'hello' request = Request("www.nextpage.com", callback=self.parse_next_page,meta={'item':item}) print 'hello2' request.meta['item'] = item items.append(item) return items def parse_next_page(self, response): print 'stuff' hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response) item = response.meta['item'] item['thing3'] = hxs.select('//div/ul/li[1]/span[2]/text()').extract() return item

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  • How do I call setattr() on the current module?

    - by Matt Joiner
    What do I pass as the first parameter "object" to the function setattr(object, name, value), to set variables on the current module? For example: setattr(object, "SOME_CONSTANT", 42); giving the same effect as: SOME_CONSTANT = 42 within the module containing these lines (with the correct object). I'm generate several values at the module level dynamically, and as I can't define __getattr__ at the module level, this is my fallback.

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  • Which webserver to use with bottle?

    - by luc
    Bottle can use several webservers: Build-in HTTP development server and support for paste, fapws3, flup, cherrypy or any other WSGI capable server. I am using bottle for a desktop-app and I guess that the development server is enough in this case. I would like to know if some of you have experience with one of the alternative server. Which server for which purpose? Thanks in advance

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  • Condition checking vs. Exception handling

    - by Aidas Bendoraitis
    When is exception handling more preferable than condition checking? There are many situations where I can choose using one or the other. For example, this is a summing function which uses a custom exception: # module mylibrary class WrongSummand(Exception): pass def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands of the same type """ if type(a) != type(b): raise WrongSummand("given arguments are not of the same type") return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_, WrongSummand try: print sum_("A", 5) except WrongSummand: print "wrong arguments" And this is the same function, which avoids using exceptions # module mylibrary def sum_(a, b): """ returns the sum of two summands if they are both of the same type """ if type(a) == type(b): return a + b # module application using mylibrary from mylibrary import sum_ c = sum_("A", 5) if c is not None: print c else: print "wrong arguments" I think that using conditions is always more readable and manageable. Or am I wrong? What are the proper cases for defining APIs which raise exceptions and why?

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  • Sending data from one Protocol to another Protocol in Twisted?

    - by veb
    Hi! One of my protocols is connected to a server, and with the output of that I'd like to send it to the other protocol. I need to access the 'msg' method in ClassA from ClassB but I keep getting: exceptions.AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write' Actual code: http://pastebin.com/MQPhduSY Any ideas please? :-)

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  • Can SQLAlchemy DateTime Objects Only Be Naive?

    - by Sean M
    I am working with SQLAlchemy, and I'm not yet sure which database I'll use under it, so I want to remain as DB-agnostic as possible. How can I store a timezone-aware datetime object in the DB without tying myself to a specific database? Right now, I'm making sure that times are UTC before I store them in the DB, and converting to localized at display-time, but that feels inelegant and brittle. Is there a DB-agnostic way to get a timezone-aware datetime out of SQLAlchemy instead of getting naive datatime objects out of the DB?

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