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• How do I determine if my controller is in IDE or AHCI mode in Linux?

  - by philcolbourn

  I have an old MacBook Pro 4,1 (early 2008) - but I suspect an answer would apply to many MacBook Pros. It has an Intel IDE/SATA controller (ICH8M/ICH8M-E). I have installed a patched MBR that is supposed to put my controller into AHCI mode. It does this by setting some controller port value that I don't understand. This seems to work as I get this from lspci: 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) IDE Controller (rev 03) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 03) Now most, perhaps all, sites that provide a solution (enabling AHCI) suggest that after a sleep/wake cycle that a controller will revert to IDE mode due to how Apple support Windows. They recommend disabling sleep. From author of patchedcode.bin I think Enabling AHCI for Windows on MacBooks NB: I do not have bootcamp installed and I do not have Windows installed. Is there a way to prove that my controller is in IDE or AHCI mode? Background Data Using patchedcode.bin MBR I get this in syslog: Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.860955] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861052] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861117] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0100 32 slots 3 ports 1.5 Gbps 0x1 impl SATA mode Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861120] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo pio slum part ccc ems Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.861130] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.880880] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no) Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.880983] scsi2 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.884552] scsi3 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.886932] scsi4 : ahci Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.886998] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xdb504000 port 0xdb504100 irq 45 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.887000] ata4: DUMMY Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 1.887002] ata5: DUMMY Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204103] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300) Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204656] ata3.00: ATA-8: FUJITSU MHY2200BH, 0081000D, max UDMA/100 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.204662] ata3.00: 390721968 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.205324] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/100 Jun 12 22:33:22 max kernel: [ 2.205554] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA FUJITSU MHY2200B 0081 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 Using my original MBR I get this from syslog: Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622861] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: version 2.13 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622869] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: power state changed by ACPI to D0 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.622924] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.1: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623339] scsi0 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623730] scsi1 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623765] ata1: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0x8108 ctl 0x811c bmdma 0x80e0 irq 21 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623767] ata2: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0x8100 ctl 0x8118 bmdma 0x80e8 irq 21 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623810] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: MAP [ Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623811] P0 -- -- -- ] Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.623866] ata_piix 0000:00:1f.2: setting latency timer to 64 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624241] scsi2 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624558] scsi3 : ata_piix Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624862] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x80f8 ctl 0x8114 bmdma 0x8020 irq 18 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 0.624865] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x80f0 ctl 0x8110 bmdma 0x8028 irq 18 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208879] ata3.00: ATA-8: FUJITSU MHY2200BH, 0081000D, max UDMA/100 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208882] ata3.00: 390721968 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 0/32) Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.208961] ata1.01: ATAPI: MATSHITA DVD+/-RW UJ-867S, 1.00, max UDMA/33 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.216186] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/100 Jun 13 18:07:13 max kernel: [ 1.224396] ata1.01: configured for UDMA/33

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• Apache outputs all urls of a second domain as a subfolder of the primary domain name

  - by s_rathbone

  Hi all, would anyone be able to possibly give me some guidance.. Basically, i have a 'shared hosting' account with a large internet hosting provider, and my account lets me have multiple seperate domains within this folder structure.(note: not aliased domains and not sub domains). so, my goal is to have 2 domains set up. i have already purchased the two domain names i need: The first domain is the 'primary' domain name for the root folder(eg. www.example1.com) and the second domain name is set for one of its sub folders(eg. www.example2.com is set to the folder www.example1.com/sites/music). The problem is that when apache returns a page of the second domain back to the browser, apache writes the hyperlinks as if it's a sub folder of the first domain ( eg. www.example2.com/index.html. comes out as http://www.example1.com/sites/music/index.html). Now, I have done some reading on this, looking though "Apache: the definitive guide"(o'reilly), and although it was useful, couldn't really find the answer. i'm guessing this issue is most likely an apache setup issue in http.conf, rather than an issue with the hosting company itself (which is why im posting it here) and I have also been to the official documentation for apache site, and i am guessing i might need to use something like the rewritebase directive in htaccess files.. but im really not sure, im more of a java programmer guy, and have been struggling with this for a couple of days. Any guidance would be REALLY appreciated. If it helps, my hosting company is godaddy, and my sites are hosted on linux. My problem was originally with wordpress which i reinstalled a number of times in various ways to correct the problem, but ive just done a test with a very simple static html, and it still has the same issue with relative urls like this: <html> <head></head><body><a href="images/dog.html">Pictures of Dogs</a></body> </html> However, it is fine if i hardcode the urls like this: <html> <head></head><body><a href="http://www.example2.com/images/dog.html">Pictures of Dogs</a></body> </html> Thanks heaps, Steve R NOW FIXED Ok, the problem has now been fixed, and i didn't need to modify any .conf or .htaccess files. The problem was, that when I went to install the second application into a second domain from the godaddy site, one of the setup questions is that it asks you which site you want it installed to. after that it asks for the desired folder path. However, the problem was that the second domain name was already pointing to the correct subfolder of the primary domain. So when I started installing wordpress again and came to the menu to select which site it was for, and it listed only the primary domain as an option, i assumed that this was like a label of "which hosting account?", or "which primary domain will your application will be installed under?" because I already knew that in the next step i was specifiying the folder. In order to correct this, you must make sure that your second domain is added to your domain list so that it will be listed as an option during the installation process. For further details please read tystips.com/archives/52/how2-save-money-host-multiple-wordpress-blogs-on-a-single-godaddy-hosting-account/

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• Useful Command-line Commands on Windows

  - by Sung Meister

  The aim for this Wiki is to promote using a command to open up commonly used applications without having to go through many mouse clicks - thus saving time on monitoring and troubleshooting Windows machines. Answer entries need to specify Application name Commands Screenshot (Optional) Shortcut to commands && - Command Chaining %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\rcimlby.exe -LaunchRA - Remote Assistance (Windows XP) appwiz.cpl - Programs and Features (Formerly Known as "Add or Remove Programs") appwiz.cpl @,2 - Turn Windows Features On and Off (Add/Remove Windows Components pane) arp - Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP) at - Schedule tasks either locally or remotely without using Scheduled Tasks bootsect.exe - Updates the master boot code for hard disk partitions to switch between BOOTMGR and NTLDR cacls - Change Access Control List (ACL) permissions on a directory, its subcontents, or files calc - Calculator chkdsk - Check/Fix the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors cipher - Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions cleanmgr.exe - Disk Cleanup clip - Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard cls - clear the command line screen cmd /k - Run command with command extensions enabled color - Sets the default console foreground and background colors in console command.com - Default Operating System Shell compmgmt.msc - Computer Management control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkAndSharingCenter - Network and Sharing Center control keyboard - Keyboard Properties control mouse(or main.cpl) - Mouse Properties control sysdm.cpl,@0,3 - Advanced Tab of the System Properties dialog control userpasswords2 - Opens the classic User Accounts dialog desk.cpl - opens the display properties devmgmt.msc - Device Manager diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management diskpart - Disk management from the command line dsa.msc - Opens active directory users and computers dsquery - Finds any objects in the directory according to criteria dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Tool eventvwr - Windows Event Log (Event Viewer) explorer . - Open explorer with the current folder selected. explorer /e, . - Open explorer, with folder tree, with current folder selected. F7 - View command history find - Searches for a text string in a file or files findstr - Find a string in a file firewall.cpl - Opens the Windows Firewall settings fsmgmt.msc - Shared Folders fsutil - Perform tasks related to FAT and NTFS file systems ftp - Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service getmac - Shows the mac address(es) of your network adapter(s) gpedit.msc - Group Policy Editor gpresult - Displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) information for a target user and computer httpcfg.exe - HTTP Configuration Utility iisreset - To restart IIS InetMgr.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 7 InetMgr6.exe - Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager 6 intl.cpl - Regional and Language Options ipconfig - Internet protocol configuration lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups Administrator msconfig - System Configuration notepad - Notepad? ;) mmsys.cpl - Sound/Recording/Playback properties mode - Configure system devices more - Displays one screen of output at a time mrt - Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool mstsc.exe - Remote Desktop Connection nbstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT ncpa.cpl - Network Connections netsh - Display or modify the network configuration of a computer that is currently running netstat - Network Statistics net statistics - Check computer up time net stop - Stops a running service. net use - Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections odbcad32.exe - ODBC Data Source Administrator pathping - A traceroute that collects detailed packet loss stats perfmon - Opens Reliability and Performance Monitor ping - Determine whether a remote computer is accessible over the network powercfg.cpl - Power management control panel applet quser - Display information about user sessions on a terminal server qwinsta - See disconnected remote desktop sessions reg.exe - Console Registry Tool for Windows regedit - Registry Editor rasdial - Connects to a VPN or a dialup network robocopy - Backup/Restore/Copy large amounts of files reliably rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (shows the combined effect of all group policies active on the current system/login) runas - Run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides sc - Manage anything you want to do with services. schtasks - Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. secpol.msc - Local Security Settings services.msc - Services control panel set - Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables. set DIRCMD - Preset dir parameter in cmd.exe start - Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command start. - opens the current directory in the Windows Explorer. shutdown.exe - Shutdown or Reboot a local/remote machine subst.exe - Associates a path with a drive letter, including local drives systeminfo -Displays a comprehensive information about the system taskkill - terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name tasklist.exe - List Processes on local or a remote machine taskmgr.exe - Task Manager telephon.cpl - Telephone and Modem properties timedate.cpl - Date and Time title - Change the title of the CMD window you have open tracert - Trace route wmic - Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line winver.exe - Find Windows Version wscui.cpl - Windows Security Center wuauclt.exe - Windows Update AutoUpdate Client

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• Increase samba space on open suse 12.1

  - by Kapil Sharma

  I know linux basics but not an expert. IT guy left the job here and there is some time before new hire. So sorry if question is very basic. We have local testing server based on Open SUSE 12.1, which also act as shared drive between dev/mgmt team here and using Samba for that. Now we are running out of space on samba, even though server's 2*1TB harddisk is nearly 90% free. My question is, what is limiting Samba and how can I increase its limit? We need around at least 500 GB as shared drive but currently its just 25 GB. I don't need step by step answer, just a link to any helpful article would be sufficient. Probably I'm putting wrong keywords in google so not getting any helpful link. EDIT: Output of commands in the first comment. All commands were run as root user df -h (getting error with df -ht) Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / devtmpfs 2.0G 36K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 1.1M 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /run /dev/sda2 30G 5.1G 23G 19% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/run tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /media tmpfs 2.0G 676K 2.0G 1% /var/lock /dev/sda3 36G 31G 3.3G 91% /home fdisk -l /dev/[hmsv]d* Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2d4a2d49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 16771071 8384512 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 * 16771072 79681535 31455232 83 Linux /dev/sda3 79681536 156301311 38309888 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda1: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1043 cylinders, total 16769024 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda2: 32.2 GB, 32210157568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3915 cylinders, total 62910464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/sda3: 39.2 GB, 39229325312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4769 cylinders, total 76619776 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda3 doesn't contain a valid partition table vgs No volume groups found lvs No volume groups found output of vi /etc/samba/smb.conf # smb.conf is the main Samba configuration file. You find a full commented # version at /usr/share/doc/packages/samba/examples/smb.conf.SUSE if the # samba-doc package is installed. # Date: 2011-11-02 [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP passdb backend = tdbsam printing = cups printcap name = cups printcap cache time = 750 cups options = raw map to guest = Bad User include = /etc/samba/dhcp.conf logon path = \\%L\profiles\.msprofile logon home = \\%L\%U\.9xprofile logon drive = P: usershare allow guests = Yes [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S, %D%w%S browseable = No read only = No inherit acls = Yes [profiles] comment = Network Profiles Service path = %H read only = No store dos attributes = Yes create mask = 0600 directory mask = 0700 [users] comment = All users path = /home read only = No inherit acls = Yes veto files = /aquota.user/groups/shares/ [groups] comment = All groups path = /home/groups read only = No inherit acls = Yes [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/tmp printable = Yes create mask = 0600 browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/drivers write list = @ntadmin root force group = ntadmin create mask = 0664 directory mask = 0775 [allusers] comment = All Users path = /home/shares/allusers valid users = @users force group = users create mask = 0660 directory mask = 0771 writable = yes

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• How do I achieve lossless JPEG joining without truncation of partial MCUs?

  - by Karan

  I am working on a project for which I need to join thousands of JPEG images losslessly (I'm not talking about the Lossless JPEG/JPEG 2000/JPEG-LS formats here). Aforementioned images have varying levels of chroma subsampling (1x1, 1x2, 2x1, 2x2), resulting in varying MCU sizes (8x8, 8x16, 16x8, 16x16 px). However, in any given set of images to be joined together, each image has identical characteristics. For now, let's assume I only have 2 images. Image #1 (I1) is 256x256px in size and #2 (I2) is 239x256px in size. 2x2 subsampling is used such that MCU size is 16x16px. I2 thus obviously has partial MCUs at the right edge, since its width is not evenly divisible by 16. (I've read that so-called 'partial' MCUs actually contain the data for a complete MCU, but the image dimensions instruct the renderer to only display the relevant pixels and ignore/hide the extra ones.) Looking around for tools that could help me accomplish this, I came across a modified version of JpegTran, that contains an experimental lossless crop 'n' drop (cut & paste) feature. All the other apps I encountered that support lossless JPEG editing seem to utilise IJG's (JpegTran) code, so this seemed to be the logical choice. Also, given the sheer number of images, I wanted something that could preferably be run from the command-line so that I could automate the process with a script. Unfortunately, while everything else worked fine, it seems JpegTran truncates the partial MCUs instead of retaining them. Thus in the example above, the final joined image contains all of I1, but only 224x256px of I2. Why 224? because 239 = 14x16+15, which means there are 14 full MCUs along the width, and 1 partial MCU (just 1px short of the complete 16px). The last 15px is what is getting blanked, leading to a 495x256px image with 15px of blank (grey) pixels at the right edge. See images below (shame that imgur re-compresses them): (left )+ (right) = As you can clearly see, the red portion (15px) of I2 has been truncated by JpegTran. If the MCUs were 8px in width, the lost portion would have been the right-most 7px of I2. Similarly, joining I3 (256x239px) *below * I1 would cause the loss of 7 or 15px, depending on the MCU height of course: (top) + (bottom) = If this is better suited to some other StackExchange (or even non-SE) site/forum where JPEG/image encoding experts hang out, do let me know. Can what I am attempting even be done, or is the so-called 'lossless' JPEG crop 'n' drop only valid for images with no partial MCUs? (Maybe that is why the feature is still in an "experimental state" more than a decade after being introduced...) Until I know for sure that it is impossible, I am not interested in suggestions for lossy joining. Avoiding any generational loss whatsoever is the sole reason why I'm breaking my head over this, else I'd have had this done and dusted ages ago. Also, I am not interested in suggestions related to switching image formats. I do not control the source of the images. If it can be done, how? Please keep in mind that any alternate apps suggested must ideally be capable of automation, given the requirements stated above. (But given how it's unlikely I'm even going to receive a useful answer given the constraints, I would be happy with any app suggestion just as long as it actually works. I can always look into an AutoIT/AHK script or something later to automate it.) I understand that an odd-sized final image might cause issues, so I am fully prepared to accept any solution, even if it results in blank (preferably black) padding pixels to the right/bottom. What I mean is, I don't care if I1 + I2 is 496x256px (1px padding) or even 512x256px (17px padding) in size, as long as the final image contains all the actual image data from both source images, and the entire process is lossless. Obviously the lesser the padding (if any), the better, but at this point any solution will do. A Windows-based solution would be perfect, but a Linux-based one would be entirely acceptable.

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• Managing access to multiple linux system

  - by Swartz

  A searched for answers but have found nothing on here... Long story short: a non-profit organization is in dire need of modernizing its infrastructure. First thing is to find an alternatives to managing user accounts on a number of Linux hosts. We have 12 servers (both physical and virtual) and about 50 workstations. We have 500 potential users for these systems. The individual who built and maintained the systems over the years has retired. He wrote his own scripts to manage it all. It still works. No complaints there. However, a lot of the stuff is very manual and error-prone. Code is messy and after updates often needs to be tweaked. Worst part is there is little to no docs written. There are just a few ReadMe's and random notes which may or may not be relevant anymore. So maintenance has become a difficult task. Currently accounts are managed via /etc/passwd on each system. Updates are distributed via cron scripts to correct systems as accounts are added on the "main" server. Some users have to have access to all systems (like a sysadmin account), others need access to shared servers, while others may need access to workstations or only a subset of those. Is there a tool that can help us manage accounts that meets the following requirements? Preferably open source (i.e. free as budget is VERY limited) mainstream (i.e. maintained) preferably has LDAP integration or could be made to interface with LDAP or AD service for user authentication (will be needed in the near future to integrate accounts with other offices) user management (adding, expiring, removing, lockout, etc) allows to manage what systems (or group of systems) each user has access to - not all users are allowed on all systems support for user accounts that could have different homedirs and mounts available depending on what system they are logged into. For example sysadmin logged into "main" server has main://home/sysadmin/ as homedir and has all shared mounts sysadmin logged into staff workstations would have nas://user/s/sysadmin as homedir(different from above) and potentially limited set of mounts, a logged in client would have his/her homedir at different location and no shared mounts. If there is an easy management interface that would be awesome. And if this tool is cross-platform (Linux / MacOS / *nix), that will be a miracle! I have searched the web and so have found nothing suitable. We are open to any suggestions. Thank you. EDIT: This question has been incorrectly marked as a duplicate. The linked to answer only talks about having same homedirs on all systems, whereas we need to have different homedirs based on what system user is currently logged into(MULTIPLE homedirs). Also access needs to be granted only to some machinees not the whole lot. Mods, please understand the full extent of the problem instead of merely marking it as duplicate for points...

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• How to deploy custom MBean to Tomcat?

  - by Christian

  Hi, I'm trying to deploy a custom mbean to a tomcat. This mbean is not part of a webapp. It should be instantiated when tomcat starts. My problem is, I can't find any complete documentation about how to deploy such a mbean. I'm getting different exceptions, depending on my configuration. Has anyone hints, a complete documentation or has implemented a mbean by himself and can post an example? I configured tomcat to read a configuration from his conf directory: <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" mbeansFile="${catalina.base}/conf/mbeans-descriptors.xml"> The content is as follows: <?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- <!DOCTYPE mbeans-descriptors PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Model MBeans Configuration File" "http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dtds/mbeans-descriptors.dtd"> --> <!-- Descriptions of JMX MBeans --> <mbeans-descriptors> <mbean name="Performance" description="Caculate JVM throughput" type="Performance"> <attribute name="throughput" description="calculated throughput (ratio between gc times and uptime of JVM)" type="double" writeable="false"/> </mbean> </mbeans-descriptors> When name in the xml file and class name match, I get this excption: SEVERE: Error creating mbean Performance javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException: Key properties cannot be empty at javax.management.ObjectName.construct(ObjectName.java:467) at javax.management.ObjectName.<init>(ObjectName.java:1403) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.modules.MbeansSource.execute(MbeansSource.java:202) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.modules.MbeansSource.load(MbeansSource.java:137) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.readEngineMbeans(StandardEngine.java:517) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.init(StandardEngine.java:321) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:411) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:519) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.commons.daemon.support.DaemonLoader.start(DaemonLoader.java:177) When changing the name attribute in the xml file to test.example:type=Performance, I get this exception: SEVERE: Error creating mbean test.example:type=Performance javax.management.NotCompliantMBeanException: MBean class must have public constructor at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.Introspector.testCreation(Introspector.java:127) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.createMBean(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:284) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.createMBean(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:199) at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.createMBean(JmxMBeanServer.java:393) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.modules.MbeansSource.execute(MbeansSource.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.modules.MbeansSource.load(MbeansSource.java:137) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.readEngineMbeans(StandardEngine.java:517) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.init(StandardEngine.java:321) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:411) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:519) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:581) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.commons.daemon.support.DaemonLoader.start(DaemonLoader.java:177) The documentation from apache is not really helpful, as it just explains a small part. I'm aware of this question but it doesn't help me. The answer I gave worked just for a short time, after that I got some other exceptions. For additional info, the java interface public interface PerformanceMBean { public double getThroughput(); } and implementing class /* some import statements */ public class Performance implements PerformanceMBean { public double getThroughput() { ... } }

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• apache+mod_wsgi configuration for django project(s) on a quad core

  - by Stefano

  I've been experiment quite some time with a "typical" django setting upon nginx+apache2+mod_wsgi+memcached(+postgresql) (reading the doc and some questions on SO and SF, see comments) Since I'm still unsatisfied with the behavior (definitely because of some bad misconfiguration on my part) I would like to know what a good configuration would look like with these hypotesis: Quad-Core Xeon 2.8GHz 8 gigs memory several django projects (anything special related to this?) These are excerpts form my current confs: apache2 SetEnv VHOST null #WSGIPythonOptimize 2 <VirtualHost *:8082> ServerName subdomain.domain.com ServerAlias www.domain.com SetEnv VHOST subdomain.domain AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 ServerSignature Off LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\"" custom ErrorLog /home/project1/var/logs/apache_error.log CustomLog /home/project1/var/logs/apache_access.log custom AllowEncodedSlashes On WSGIDaemonProcess subdomain.domain user=www-data group=www-data threads=25 WSGIScriptAlias / /home/project1/project/wsgi.py WSGIProcessGroup %{ENV:VHOST} </VirtualHost> wsgi.py import os import sys # setting all the right paths.... _realpath = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) _public_html = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_realpath, '../')) sys.path.append(_realpath) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_realpath, 'apps'))) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(_public_html)) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_public_html, 'libs'))) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_public_html, 'django'))) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings' import django.core.handlers.wsgi _application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() def application(environ, start_response): """ Launches django passing over some environment (domain name) settings """ application_group = environ['mod_wsgi.application_group'] """ wsgi application group is required. It's also used to generate the HOST.DOMAIN.TLD:PORT parameters to pass over """ assert application_group fields = application_group.replace('|', '').split(':') server_name = fields[0] os.environ['WSGI_APPLICATION_GROUP'] = application_group os.environ['WSGI_SERVER_NAME'] = server_name if len(fields) > 1 : os.environ['WSGI_PORT'] = fields[1] splitted = server_name.rsplit('.', 2) assert splitted >= 2 splited.reverse() if len(splitted) > 0 : os.environ['WSGI_TLD'] = splitted[0] if len(splitted) > 1 : os.environ['WSGI_DOMAIN'] = splitted[1] if len(splitted) > 2 : os.environ['WSGI_HOST'] = splitted[2] return _application(environ, start_response)` folder structure in case it matters (slightly shortened actually) /home/www-data/projectN/var/logs /project (contains manage.py, wsgi.py, settings.py) /project/apps (all the project ups are here) /django /libs Please forgive me in advance if I overlooked something obvious. My main question is about the apache2 wsgi settings. Are those fine? Is 25 threads an /ok/ number with a quad core for one only django project? Is it still ok with several django projects on different virtual hosts? Should I specify 'process'? Any other directive which I should add? Is there anything really bad in the wsgi.py file? I've been reading about potential issues with the standard wsgi.py file, should I switch to that? Or.. should this conf just be running fine, and I should look for issues somewhere else? So, what do I mean by "unsatisfied": well, I often get quite high CPU WAIT; but what is worse, is that relatively often apache2 gets stuck. It just does not answer anymore, and has to be restarted. I have setup a monit to take care of that, but it ain't a real solution. I have been wondering if it's an issue with the database access (postgresql) under heavy load, but even if it was, why would the apache2 processes get stuck? Beside these two issues, performance is overall great. I even tried New Relic and got very good average results.

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• Cannot join Win7 workstations to Win2k8 domain

  - by wfaulk

  I am trying to connect a Windows 7 Ultimate machine to a Windows 2k8 domain and it's not working. I get this error: Note: This information is intended for a network administrator. If you are not your network's administrator, notify the administrator that you received this information, which has been recorded in the file C:\Windows\debug\dcdiag.txt. DNS was successfully queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate a domain controller for domain "example.local": The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.example.local The following domain controllers were identified by the query: dc1.example.local dc2.example.local However no domain controllers could be contacted. Common causes of this error include: Host (A) or (AAAA) records that map the names of the domain controllers to their IP addresses are missing or contain incorrect addresses. Domain controllers registered in DNS are not connected to the network or are not running. The client is in an office connected remotely via MPLS to the data center where our domain controllers exist. I don't seem to have anything blocking connectivity to the DCs, but I don't have total control over the MPLS circuit, so it's possible that there's something blocking connectivity. I have tried multiple clients (Win7 Ultimate and WinXP SP3) in the one office and get the same symptoms on all of them. I have no trouble connecting to either of the domain controllers, though I have, admittedly, not tried every possible port. ICMP, LDAP, DNS, and SMB connections all work fine. Client DNS is pointing to the DCs, and "example.local" resolves to the two IP addresses of the DCs. I get this output from the NetLogon Test command line utility: C:\Windows\System32>nltest /dsgetdc:example.local Getting DC name failed: Status = 1355 0x54b ERROR_NO_SUCH_DOMAIN I have also created a separate network to emulate that office's configuration that's connected to the DC network via LAN-to-LAN VPN instead of MPLS. Joining Windows 7 computers from that remote network works fine. The only difference I can find between the two environments is the intermediate connectivity, but I'm out of ideas as to what to test or how to do it. What further steps should I take? (Note that this isn't actually my client workstation and I have no direct access to it; I'm forced to do remote hands access to it, which makes some of the obvious troubleshooting methods, like packet sniffing, more difficult. If I could just set up a system there that I could remote into, I would, but requests to that effect have gone unanswered.) 2011-08-25 update: I had DCDIAG.EXE run on a client attempting to join the domain: C:\Windows\System32>dcdiag /u:example\adminuser /p:********* /s:dc2.example.local Directory Server Diagnosis Performing initial setup: Ldap search capabality attribute search failed on server dc2.example.local, return value = 81 This sounds like it was able to connect via LDAP, but the thing that it was trying to do failed. But I don't quite follow what it was trying to do, much less how to reproduce it or resolve it. 2011-08-26 update: Using LDP.EXE to try and make an LDAP connection directly to the DCs results in these errors: ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.1", 389); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.1. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.2", 389); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.2. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.1", 3268); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.1. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.2", 3268); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.2. This would seem to point fingers at LDAP connections being blocked somewhere. (And 0x51 == 81, which was the error from DCDIAG.EXE from yesterday's update.) I could swear I tested this using TELNET.EXE weeks ago, but now I'm thinking that I may have assumed that its clearing of the screen was telling me that it was waiting and not that it had connected. I'm tracking down LDAP connectivity problems now. This update may become an answer.

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• Cloudformation with Ubuntu throwing errors

  - by Sammaye

  I have been doing some reading and have come to the understanding that if you wish to use a launchConfig with Ubuntu you will need to install the cfn-init file yourself which I have done: "Properties" : { "KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" }, "SpotPrice" : "0.05", "ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSRegionArch2AMI", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "AWSInstanceType2Arch", { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "Arch" ] } ] }, "SecurityGroups" : [ { "Ref" : "InstanceSecurityGroup" } ], "InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" }, "UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/bin/bash\n", "apt-get -y install python-setuptools\n", "easy_install https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudformation-examples/aws-cfn-bootstrap-1.0-6.tar.gz\n", "cfn-init ", " --stack ", { "Ref" : "AWS::StackName" }, " --resource LaunchConfig ", " --configset ALL", " --access-key ", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, " --secret-key ", {"Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, " --region ", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, " || error_exit 'Failed to run cfn-init'\n" ]]}} But I have a problem with this setup that I cannot seem to get a decent answer to. I keep getting this error in the logs: Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: config-scripts-per-once already ran once Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-boot with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-per-instance with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling scripts-user with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cc_scripts_user.py[WARNING]: failed to run-parts in /var/lib/cloud/instance/scripts Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[WARNING]: Traceback (most recent call last):#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 117, in run_cc_modules#012 cc.handle(name, run_args, freq=freq)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/__init__.py", line 78, in handle#012 [name, self.cfg, self.cloud, cloudinit.log, args])#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/__init__.py", line 326, in sem_and_run#012 func(*args)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/CloudConfig/cc_scripts_user.py", line 31, in handle#012 util.runparts(runparts_path)#012 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cloudinit/util.py", line 223, in runparts#012 raise RuntimeError('runparts: %i failures' % failed)#012RuntimeError: runparts: 1 failures Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[ERROR]: config handling of scripts-user, None, [] failed Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling keys-to-console with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling phone-home with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] __init__.py[DEBUG]: handling final-message with freq=None and args=[] Jun 15 12:02:34 ip-0 [CLOUDINIT] cloud-init-cfg[ERROR]: errors running cloud_config [final]: ['scripts-user'] I have absolutely no idea what scripts-user means and Google is not helping much here either. I can, when I ssh into the server, see that it runs the userdata script since I can access cfn-init as a command whereas I cannot in the original AMI the instance is made from. However I have a launchConfig: "Comment" : "Install a simple PHP application", "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : { "configSets" : { "ALL" : ["WorkerRole"] }, "WorkerRole" : { "files" : { "/etc/cron.d/worker.cron" : { "content" : "*/1 * * * * ubuntu /home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php &> /home/ubuntu/worker.log\n", "mode" : "000644", "owner" : "root", "group" : "root" }, "/home/ubuntu/worker_cron.php" : { "content" : { "Fn::Join" : ["", [ "#!/usr/bin/env php", "<?php", "define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));", "const AWS_KEY = \"", { "Ref" : "WorkerKeys" }, "\";", "const AWS_SECRET = \"", { "Fn::GetAtt": ["WorkerKeys", "SecretAccessKey"]}, "\";", "const QUEUE = \"", { "Ref" : "InputQueue" }, "\";", "exec('git clone x '.ROOT.'/worker');", "if(!file_exists(ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php')){", "echo 'git not downloaded right';", "exit();", "}", "echo 'git downloaded';", "include_once ROOT.'/worker/worker_despatcher.php';" ]]}, "mode" : "000755", "owner" : "ubuntu", "group" : "ubuntu" } } } } Which does not seem to run at all. I have checked for the files existance in my home directory and it's not there. I have checked for the cronjob entry and it's not there either. I cannot, after reading through the documentation, seem to see what's potentially wrong with my code. Any thoughts on why this is not working? Am I missing something blatant?

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• Exchange Server 2007 Setup

  - by AlamedaDad

  Hi, I'm working on a upgrade to Exchange 2007 and I wanted to get some advise on hardware choices. We currently have an Exchange 2003 STD server with 400 users split between 6 AD Sites, that is housed on a single server. We need to move to a redundant, fault tolerant system to support our users. I'm planning on installing 2 Dell 1950 servers with W2k8-std to act as CAS and Hub servers, with NLB to allow abstraction of the actual server name to the users. There won't be an edge system since we have a Barracuda box already that will handle in/out spam/virus filtering. Backend I'm planning on 2 mailbox servers which will be Dell 2950s with 16GB RAM, 2 either dual-core or quad-core CPUs and 6 300GB SAS drives in some RAID config. These systems will be clustered using W2k8 Ent clustering and running CCR in Exchange. My questions are as follows: Is 16GB enough RAM for serving that many mailboxes along with the windows clustering and ccr? I'm trying to figure out disk layouts and I'm unsure of whether to use all local disk or some local and some SAN, via an OpenFiler iSCSI server. The SAN would be a Dell 2850 with 6 - 300GB SCSI drives and a PERC controller to slice as I want, with 8GB RAM. Option 1: 2 drives, RAID 1 - OS 2 drives, RAID 1 - Logs 2 drives, RAID 1 - Mail stores Option 2: 2 drives, RAID 1 - OS and logs 4 drives, RAID 5 - Mail Stores and scratch space for eseutil. Option 3: 2 drives, RAID 1 - OS 2 drives, RAID 1 - Logs 2 drives, RAID 0 - scratch space ~300GB iSCSI volume for mail stores Option 4: 2 drives, RAID 1 - OS 4 drives, RAID 5 - scratch space ~300GB iSCSI volume for mail stores ~300GB iSCSI volume for logs I have 2 sockets for CPUs and need to chose between dual and quad cores. The dual core have faster clocks but less cache and I'm thinking older architecture. Am I better off with more cores and cache while sacraficing clock speed? I am planning on adding the new E2K7 cluster to the E2K3 server and then move each mailbox over, all at once, then remove the old server. This seems more complicated than simply getting rid of the 2003 server and then adding the 2007 cluster and restoring the mailboxes using PowerControls or exmerge. The migration option lets me do this on my time, where a cutover means it all needs to work at once. If I go with the cutover method, how can I prebuild the servers and add them to the domain right after removing the 2003 server, or can't I? I think the answer is no and the migration is my only real option if I want to prebuild. I need to also migrate about 30GB of Public Folders. Is there anything special about this, other than specifying in the E2K7 install that I want older Outlook clients and PF's setup? I guess I could even keep the E2K3 server to host just the PFs? Lastly, if I have a mix of Outlook 200, 2003 and 2007 what do I need to do to make sure they all have access to the GAL and OAB? At time of cutover, we'll be at like 90% 2007, but we will have some older stuff around. My plan is to use Outlook Anywhere on laptops that are used outside the physical network. Are there any gotchas involved in that? I'm even thinking about using is for all Outlook clients, does anyone do that? The reason I'm considering it is that our WAN is really VPN tunnels over internet connections, so not a fully messhed, stable WAN. Thank you all very much for the assistance in advance and I look forward to discussion of these points! Regards...Michael

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• How should I ask for help in getting my emails to stop bouncing?

  - by Gregg Williams

  For several months, people have been telling me that emails they sent to me have been bouncing back, marked as undeliverable. The bounce message would contain portions like this: Final-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.7.1 Diagnostic-Code: smtp;550 5.7.1 <[email protected]>... Recipient declines email from 69.64.159.2, <spamhaus-xbl>, Ref: http://www.spamhaus.org/query/bl?ip=69.64.159.2 Clicking the link on the last line, the destination page told me that "this IP address is infected with/emitting spamware/spamtrojan traffic and needs to be fixed." I could temporarily de-list this node by clicking a link on that page, but it would get back on the list and more emails to me to bounce. I own a domain, innerpaths.net, and I normally use [email protected] for my email. I have my domain registrar, namecheap.com, forward all email from innerpaths.net to the email account [email protected]. (BTW, I had this same problem at a former registrar. I changed registrars, hoping that would fix the problem. It didn't.) Trying to isolate the problem, I asked namecheap.com what I should do. Their answer, though substantial, left me scratching my head: We have received feedback from our upstream provider which informed us that the mail server that you are trying to email subscribes to a 3rd party blacklist service which they appear to be listed on at the present time and is causing destination mail server to reject the messages. Being blocked with one of these services can happen to anyone for many reasons and is something that is beyond our control. 3rd party blacklist services require companies whose mail servers they have blacklisted, pay fees in order to be removed from their lists. As we cannot pay fees to blacklist services which require them for removal, you should contact your email provider and have them whitelist our mail server IP address: 69.64.157.73. My best guess is that I should email my ISP, sonic.net, tell them what is going on and ask them to whitelist the IP address 69.64.157.73. (If not, please let me know.) But I want to know what is going on and how email works. I understand that there's a device at location 69.64.159.2 that is doing something bad that causes the "destination mail server [sonic.net's, I assume --gw] to reject the messages." I know that email is sent through multiple devices in a way that eventually gets it to its destination. Beyond that, here are my questions: 1) I thought the Internet "routed around damage." Why does email starting at namecheap.com always (or is it 'sometimes'?) go through 69.64.159.2? 2) Who is the "upstream provider" that the namecheap.com representative mentions, and what is their role? 3) How does having sonic.net's whitelisting namecheap.com's mail server prevent my email being bounced by 69.64.159.2? I've searched the Internet for answers but have found nothing useful. Thanks for whatever answers you can provide.

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• Pfsense 2.1 OpenVPN can't reach servers on the LAN

  - by Lucas Kauffman

  I have a small network set up like this: I have a Pfsense for connecting my servers to the WAN, they are using NAT from the LAN - WAN. I have an OpenVPN server using TAP to allow remote workers to be put on the same LAN network as the servers. They connect through the WAN IP to the OVPN interface. The LAN interface also servers as the gateway for the servers to get internet connection and has an IP of 10.25.255.254 The OVPN Interface and the LAN interface are bridged in BR0 Server A has an IP of 10.25.255.1 and is able to connect the internet Client A is connecting through the VPN and is assigned an IP address on its TAP interface of 10.25.24.1 (I reserved a /24 within the 10.25.0.0/16 for VPN clients) Firewall currently allows any-any connection OVPN towards LAN and vice versa Currently when I connect, all routes seem fine on the client side: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.25.0.0 10.25.255.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 10.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I can ping the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.254 PING 10.25.255.254 (10.25.255.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=7.65 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=7.49 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=7.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=7.31 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=7.42 ms But I can't ping past the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.1 PING 10.25.255.1 (10.25.255.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) I ran a tcpdump on my em1 interface (LAN interface which has the IP of 10.25.255.254) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 08:21:13.449222 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 10, length 64 08:21:13.458211 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:14.450541 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 11, length 64 08:21:14.458431 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:15.451794 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 12, length 64 08:21:15.458530 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:16.453203 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 13, length 64 So traffic is reaching the LAN interface, but it's not getting passed it. But no answer from the 10.25.255.1 host. I'm not sure what I'm missing.

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• Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

  - by Tom Lagier

  We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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• How to prevent delays associated with IPv6 AAAA records?

  - by Nic

  Our Windows servers are registering IPv6 AAAA records with our Windows DNS servers. However, we don't have IPv6 routing enabled on our network, so this frequently causes stall behaviours. Microsoft RDP is the worst offender. When connecting to a server that has a AAAA record in DNS, the remote desktop client will try IPv6 first, and won't fall back to IPv4 until the connection times out. Power users can work around this by connecting to the IP address directly. Resolving the IPv4 address with ping -4 hostname.foo always works instantly. What can I do to avoid this delay? Disable IPv6 on client? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Too many clients to ensure this is set everywhere consistently. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Disable IPv6 on the server? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Requires an inconvenient registry hack to disable the entire IPv6 stack. Ensuring this is correctly set on all servers is inconvenient. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Mask IPv6 records on the user-facnig DNS recursor? Nope, we're using NLNet Unbound and it doesn't support that. Prevent registration of IPv6 AAAA records on the Microsoft DNS server? I don't think that's even possible. At this point, I'm considering writing a script that purges all AAAA records from our DNS zones. Please, help me find a better way. UPDATE: DNS resolution is not the problem. As @joeqwerty points out in his answer, the DNS records are returned instantly. Both A and AAAA records are immediately available. The problem is that some clients (mstsc.exe) will preferentially attempt a connection over IPv6, and take a while to fall back to IPv4. This seems like a routing problem. The ping command produces a "General failure" error message because the destination address is unroutable. C:\Windows\system32>ping myhost.mydomain Pinging myhost.mydomain [2002:1234:1234::1234:1234] with 32 bytes of data: General failure. General failure. General failure. General failure. Ping statistics for 2002:1234:1234::1234:1234: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), I can't get a packet capture of this behaviour. Running this (failing) ping command does not produce any packets in Microsoft Network Monitor. Similarly, attempting a connection with mstsc.exe to a host with an AAAA record produces no traffic until it does a fallback to IPv4. UPDATE: Our hosts are all using publicly-routable IPv4 addresses. I think this problem might come down to a broken 6to4 configuration. 6to4 behaves differently on hosts with public IP addresses vs RFC1918 addresses. UPDATE: There is definitely something fishy with 6to4 on my network. When I disable 6to4 on the Windows client, connections resolve instantly. netsh int ipv6 6to4 set state disabled But as @joeqwerty says, this only masks the problem. I'm still trying to find out why IPv6 communication on our network is completely non-working.

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• How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• Cisco VPNClient from Mac won't connect using iPhone Tethering

  - by Dan Short

  I just set up iPhone tethering from my Snow Leopard Macbook Pro to my iPhone 3GS with the Datapro 4GB plan from AT&T. When attempting to connect to my corporate VPN from the MacBook Pro with Cisco VPNClient 4.9.01 (0100) I get the following log information: Cisco Systems VPN Client Version 4.9.01 (0100) Copyright (C) 1998-2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Client Type(s): Mac OS X Running on: Darwin 10.6.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.6.0: Wed Nov 10 18:13:17 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.9.26~3/RELEASE_I386 i386 Config file directory: /etc/opt/cisco-vpnclient 1 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100002 Begin connection process 2 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400011 Error -28 sending packet. Dst Addr: 0x0AD337FF, Src Addr: 0x0AD33702 (DRVIFACE:1158). 3 13:02:50.791 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400011 Error -28 sending packet. Dst Addr: 0x0A2581FF, Src Addr: 0x0A258102 (DRVIFACE:1158). 4 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100004 Establish secure connection using Ethernet 5 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x43100024 Attempt connection with server "209.235.253.115" 6 13:02:50.792 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x43400019 Privilege Separation: binding to port: (500). 7 13:02:50.793 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x43400019 Privilege Separation: binding to port: (4500). 8 13:02:50.793 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/6 IKE/0x4300003B Attempting to establish a connection with 209.235.253.115. 9 13:02:51.293 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 10 13:02:51.894 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 11 13:02:52.495 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 12 13:02:53.096 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 13 13:02:53.698 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 14 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 CVPND/0x83400018 Output size mismatch. Actual: 0, Expected: 237. (DRVIFACE:1319) 15 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000075 Unable to acquire local IP address after 5 attempts (over 5 seconds), probably due to network socket failure. 16 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Warning/2 IKE/0xC300009A Failed to set up connection data 17 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CM/0x4310001C Unable to contact server "209.235.253.115" 18 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/5 CM/0x43100025 Initializing CVPNDrv 19 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 CVPND/0x4340001F Privilege Separation: restoring MTU on primary interface. 20 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000001 IKE received signal to terminate VPN connection 21 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700008 IPSec driver successfully started 22 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 23 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x4370000D Key(s) deleted by Interface (192.168.0.171) 24 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 25 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 26 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x43700014 Deleted all keys 27 13:02:54.300 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IPSEC/0x4370000A IPSec driver successfully stopped The key line is 15: 15 13:02:54.299 02/22/2011 Sev=Info/4 IKE/0x43000075 Unable to acquire local IP address after 5 attempts (over 5 seconds), probably due to network socket failure. I can't find anything online about this. I found a single entry for the error message in Google, and it was a swedish (or some other nordic language site) that didn't have an answer to the question. I've tried connecting through both USB and Bluetooth tethering to the iPhone, and they both return the exact same results. I don't have direct control over the firewall, but if changes are necessary to make it work, I may be able to get the powers-that-be to make adjustments. A solution that doesn't require reconfiguring the firewall would be far better of course... Does anyone know what I can do to make this behave? Thanks, Dan

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• 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

  - by bart613

  Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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• Why do we need different CPU architecture for server & mini/mainframe & mixed-core?

  - by claws

  Hello, I was just wondering what other CPU architectures are available other than INTEL & AMD. So, found List of CPU architectures on Wikipedia. It categorizes notable CPU architectures into following categories. Embedded CPU architectures Microcomputer CPU architectures Workstation/Server CPU architectures Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Mixed core CPU architectures I was analyzing the purposes and have few doubts. I taking Microcomputer CPU (PC) architecture as reference and comparing others. Embedded CPU architecture: They are a completely new world. Embedded systems are small & do very specific task mostly real time & low power consuming so we do not need so many & such wide registers available in a microcomputer CPU (typical PC). In other words we do need a new small & tiny architecture. Hence new architecture & new instruction RISC. The above point also clarifies why do we need a separate operating system (RTOS). Workstation/Server CPU architectures I don't know what is a workstation. Someone clarify regarding the workstation. As of the server. It is dedicated to run a specific software (server software like httpd, mysql etc.). Even if other processes run we need to give server process priority therefore there is a need for new scheduling scheme and thus we need operating system different than general purpose one. If you have any more points for the need of server OS please mention. But I don't get why do we need a new CPU Architecture. Why cant Microcomputer CPU architecture do the job. Can someone please clarify? Mini/Mainframe CPU architectures Again I don't know what are these & what miniframes or mainframes used for? I just know they are very big and occupy complete floor. But I never read about some real world problems they are trying to solve. If any one working on one of these. Share your knowledge. Can some one clarify its purpose & why is it that microcomputer CPU archicture not suitable for it? Is there a new kind of operating system for this too? Why? Mixed core CPU architectures Never heard of these. If possible please keep your answer in this format: XYZ CPU architectures Purpose of XYZ Need for a new architecture. why can't current microcomputer CPU architecture work? They go upto 3GHZ & have upto 8 cores. Need for a new Operating System Why do we need a new kind of operating system for this kind of archictures?

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• synchronization of file locations between two machines

  - by intuited

  Although similar threads have been asked on this site and its siblings before, I've not managed to glean the answer to this persistent question. Any help is much appreciated. The situation: I've got two laptops; both contain a ton of music. Sometimes I move these music files to different locations, or change the metadata in them, or convert them to a different format. I might do any of these things on either machine. I rarely do all of them at once — ie it's unlikely that I'll convert a file's format and move it to a different location all in one go. I'd like to be able to synchronize these changes without having to sift through everything that was renamed or moved. I'm familiar with rsync but I find it inadequate, because although it can compute checksums, it doesn't have any way to store them. So if a file differs, it can't figure out which side it changed on. This also means that it can't attempt to match a missing file to a new one with the same checksum (ie a move) if the filesize and date are the same, it , so it takes an epoch to do a sync on a large repository. I would like to only check the checksum if the files even if you turn on checksumming, it still doesn't use it intelligently: ie it checksums files even if the sizes differ. IIRC. it's not able to use file metadata as a means of file comparison. this is sort of a wishlist item but it seems doable. I've also looked into rsnapshot, but its requirement to create a full backup is impractical in this situation. I don't need a backup, I just need a record of what file with each hash was where when. Unison seems like it might be able to do something vaguely along these lines, but I'm loathe to spend hours wading through its details only to discover that it's sadly lacking. Plus, it's fun asking questions on here. What I'd like is a tool that does something along these lines: keeps track of file checksums or of actual renames, possibly using inotify to greatly reduce resource consumption/latency stores a database containing this info, along with other pertinencies like the file format and metadata, the actual inode, the filename history, etc. uses this info to provide more-intelligent synchronization with a counterpart on the other side. So for example: if a file has been converted from flac to ogg, but kept the same base filename, or the same metadata, it should be able to send the new version over, and the other side should delete the original. Probably it should actually sequester it somewhere in case they or you screwed up, but that's a detail. And then when the transaction is done, the state is logged so that the next time the two interact they can work out their differences. Maybe all this metadata stuff is a fancy pipe dream. I would actually be pretty happy if there was something out there that could just use checksums in an intelligent way. This would be sort of like having the intelligence of something like git, minus the need to duplicate data in an index/backup/etc (and branching, and checkouts, and all the other great stuff that RCSs do. basically just fast forward commit pushes are all I want, with maybe the option to roll back.) So is there something out there that can do this? If not, can someone suggest a good way to start making it?

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• Difference between `curl -I` and `curl -X HEAD`

  - by chmeee

  I was wathcing the funny server type from http://www.reddit.com with curl -I http://www.reddit.com when I guessed that curl -X HEAD http://www.reddit.com would do the same. But, in fact, it doesn't. I'm curious about why. This is what I observe running the two commands: curl -I: works as expected, outputs the header and exists. curl -X HEAD: does not show anything and seems to wait for user input. But, sniffing with tshark I see the second command actually sends the same HTML query and receives the correct answer, but it does not show it and it doesn't close the connection. curl -I 0.000000 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 TCP 59675 > http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=47267342 TSER=0 WS=6 0.045392 213.248.111.106 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP http > 59675 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=2552532839 TSER=47267342 WS=1 0.045441 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 TCP 59675 > http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=5888 Len=0 TSV=47267353 TSER=2552532839 0.045623 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 HTTP HEAD / HTTP/1.1 0.091665 213.248.111.106 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP http > 59675 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=155 Win=6432 Len=0 TSV=2552532886 TSER=47267353 0.861782 213.248.111.106 -> 333.33.33.33 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK 0.861830 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 TCP 59675 > http [ACK] Seq=155 Ack=321 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=47267557 TSER=2552533656 0.862127 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 TCP 59675 > http [FIN, ACK] Seq=155 Ack=321 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=47267557 TSER=2552533656 0.910810 213.248.111.106 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP http > 59675 [FIN, ACK] Seq=321 Ack=156 Win=6432 Len=0 TSV=2552533705 TSER=47267557 0.910880 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.106 TCP 59675 > http [ACK] Seq=156 Ack=322 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=47267570 TSER=2552533705 curl -X HEAD 34.106389 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.90 TCP 51690 > http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=47275868 TSER=0 WS=6 34.149507 213.248.111.90 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP http > 51690 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=3920268348 TSER=47275868 WS=1 34.149560 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.90 TCP 51690 > http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=5888 Len=0 TSV=47275879 TSER=3920268348 34.149646 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.90 HTTP HEAD / HTTP/1.1 34.191484 213.248.111.90 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP http > 51690 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=155 Win=6432 Len=0 TSV=3920268390 TSER=47275879 34.192657 213.248.111.90 -> 333.33.33.33 TCP [TCP Dup ACK 15#1] http > 51690 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=155 Win=6432 Len=0 TSV=3920268390 TSER=47275879 34.823399 213.248.111.90 -> 333.33.33.33 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK 34.823453 333.33.33.33 -> 213.248.111.90 TCP 51690 > http [ACK] Seq=155 Ack=321 Win=6912 Len=0 TSV=47276048 TSER=3920269022 Any idea about why this difference in behaviour?

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• SBS2003 to SBS2011 Migration - Installation Error

  - by Shawn Gradwell

  Microsoft Small Business Server 2003 to 2011 Migration. I followed the Migration Guide from Microsoft and the source server had no errors when running the various tests prior to the migration. I have completed the destination server setup using the Answer File and the server is up and running. It all looks good, I can access Exchange and AD and the only problem is the error message when you log in stating that the setup did not complete and to check the logs. Because all looks good I am continuing the migration to the destination server. I also have to state that this client does not use Sharepoint at all. Do I have to redo everything? Herewith the logs: [4992] 121016.225454.5905: Task: Starting Add User or Group access VSS registry. [4992] 121016.225454.7645: TaskManagement: In TaskScheduler.RunTasks(): The "ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask" Task threw an Exception during the Run() call:System.Security.Principal.IdentityNotMappedException: Some or all identity references could not be translated. at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceAccounts, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess) at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(Type targetType) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.ModifyAccess(AccessControlModification modification, AccessRule rule, Boolean& modified) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.AddAccessRule(AccessRule rule) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.AddUsersToAccessRegistry(List`1 names) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.Run(ITaskDataLink dl) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.Data.Task.Run(ITaskDataLink dataLink) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.TaskScheduler.RunTasks(String taskListId, String stateFileName) [4992] 121016.225454.7655: Setup: An error was encountered on the TME thread: System.Security.Principal.IdentityNotMappedException: Some or all identity references could not be translated. at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceAccounts, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess) at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(Type targetType) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.ModifyAccess(AccessControlModification modification, AccessRule rule, Boolean& modified) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.AddAccessRule(AccessRule rule) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.AddUsersToAccessRegistry(List`1 names) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.Run(ITaskDataLink dl) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.Data.Task.Run(ITaskDataLink dataLink) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.TaskScheduler.RunTasks(String taskListId, String stateFileName) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.ProgressPagePresenter._RunTasks(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) [4956] 121016.225455.0685: Setup: _UnhandledExceptionHandler: Setup encountered an error: System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: The TME thread failed (see the inner exception). ---> System.Security.Principal.IdentityNotMappedException: Some or all identity references could not be translated. at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(IdentityReferenceCollection sourceAccounts, Type targetType, Boolean forceSuccess) at System.Security.Principal.NTAccount.Translate(Type targetType) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.ModifyAccess(AccessControlModification modification, AccessRule rule, Boolean& modified) at System.Security.AccessControl.CommonObjectSecurity.AddAccessRule(AccessRule rule) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.AddUsersToAccessRegistry(List`1 names) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.IWorker.Tasks.ConfigureSharePointVSSRegistryTask.Run(ITaskDataLink dl) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.Data.Task.Run(ITaskDataLink dataLink) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.TaskManagement.TaskScheduler.RunTasks(String taskListId, String stateFileName) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.ProgressPagePresenter._RunTasks(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) at System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker.WorkerThreadStart(Object argument) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.ProgressPagePresenter.TasksCompleted(Object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.RuntimeMethodHandle._InvokeMethodFast(IRuntimeMethodInfo method, Object target, Object[] arguments, SignatureStruct& sig, MethodAttributes methodAttributes, RuntimeType typeOwner) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks) at System.Delegate.DynamicInvokeImpl(Object[] args) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackDo(ThreadMethodEntry tme) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackHelper(Object obj) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallback(ThreadMethodEntry tme) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbacks() at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DebuggableCallback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessageW(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(IntPtr dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.Wizards.Framework.WizardChainEngine.Launch() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.MainClass._LaunchWizard() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.MainClass.RealMain(String[] args) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Setup.SBSSetup.MainClass.Main(String[] args) [4956] 121016.225455.0865: Setup: Removed the password. [4956] 121016.225455.0905: Setup: Deleting scheduled task at path Microsoft\Windows\Windows Small Business Server 2011 Standard with name Setup [4956] 121016.225455.8055: Setup: Removed SBSSetup from the RunOnce.

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• Alternative Methods of Sharing Folders in Windows?

  - by Blaenk

  Hey guys. I'm running Windows 7 and as of now I simply share folders as one usually does in Windows. I then have a MacBook with Leopard (Now Snow Leopard) which I use to connect to my computer to mount the shares by going to Finder, then CMD + K and typing smb://BlaenkPC (The name of my PC) into the address box. This consequently connects to my computer and mounts all of the shares. The problem is that sometimes, if for example I close my MacBook (Which makes it go to sleep) or sometimes even without doing that, the connection somehow drops. Sometimes I close the MacBook and upon re-opening it, everything still works; it's random. It still shows the computer as being connected, but it just shows 'loading' indefinitely. If I hit 'eject' with the intention of re-connecting to the computer, it disappears from the sidebar (The Computer Icon) in Finder, but I cannot re-connect. Activity Monitor (or ps aux, whichever) both show hung instances of umount; one for each share that was mounted. I cannot kill these processes with kill or killall (Yes, even with sudo, and sending signal -9). This has happened to me before, and here is another person who has experienced this. My question boils down to this: Is there an alternative method of sharing folders in Windows, that my Mac can read/understand, that is possibly more reliable and preferably just as fast? I usually use the mounted shares to watch television episodes off my computer, or movies, etc. (In other words, I open them in VLC and they automatically stream from my computer). As far as I can tell, this is a problem with the Samba protocol. I have heard of NFS, but I am not sure if I would have to re-format my drives, or what. I don't mind running a service or daemon to allow the sharing of the folders, I just want it to be done and hopefully in a better way than typical Windows shares through Samba. Usually when I encounter this problem, which is often (read: every day), I have no other option but to restart the MacBook. As I stated in the first question I linked to, shutting down and restarting don't work; I have to manually force the shutdown by holding the power button. I have not modified my installation of Mac OS X in any hackish way, so I doubt it's something with the Operating System, but worst come to worst, I might end up reformatting and doing a clean install to see if that fixes anything, as I am at a complete loss as to what may be causing the problem, and no one else seems to have any idea or care, despite there being quite a few people suffering from this problem, as my research has shown. Any pieces of information that can help are extremely appreciated. You don't have to answer every question on here, but maybe even some insight as to why it might not be possible to kill those hung umount instances for example, or why I may not be able to reconnect using samba (Is it something regarding the way the protocol works?). One thing to note is that I have another computer in the home network that doesn't seem to have this problem. However, it is also running Windows 7 (Note though that I am not using the homegroup feature, but the typical windows sharing feature). My only deduction is that the problem is being caused by the way the Mac (Or Samba implementation, whichever) is handling things. Perhaps it is a limitation.

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• PHP.ini does not load

  - by Jonathan Park

  Ok this is probably just me not knowing enough about php but here it goes. I'm on Ubuntu Hardy. I have a custom compiled version of PHP which I have compiled with these parameters. ./configure --enable-soap --with-zlib --with-mysql --with-apxs2=[correct path] --with-config-file-path=[correct path] --with-mysqli --with-curlwrappers --with-curl --with-mcrypt I have used the command pecl install pecl_http to install the http.so extension. It is in the correct module directory for my php.ini. My php.ini is loading and I can change things within the ini and effect php. I have included the extension=http.so line in my php.ini. That worked fine. Until I added these compilation options in order to add imap --with-openssl --with-kerberos --with-imap --with-imap-ssl Which failed because I needed the c-client library which I fixed by apt-get install libc-client-dev After which php compiles fine and I have working imap support, woo. HOWEVER, now all my calls to HttpRequest which is part of the pecl_http extention in http.so result in Fatal error: Class 'HttpRequest' not found errors. I figure the http.so module is no longer loading for one reason or another but I cannot find any errors showing the reason. You might say "Have you tried undoing the new imap setup?" To which I will answer. Yes I have. I directly undid all my config changes and uninstalled the c-client library and I still can't get it to work. I thought that's weird... I have made no changes that would have resulted in this issue. After looking at that I have also discovered that not only is the http extension no longer loading but all my extensions loaded via php.ini are no longer loading. Can someone at least give me some further debugging steps? So far I have tried enabling all errors including startup errors in my php.ini which works for other errors, but I'm not seeing any startup errors either on command line or via apache. And yet again the php.ini appears to be being parsed given that if I run php_info() I get settings that are in the php.ini. Edit it appears that only some of the php.ini settings are being listened to. Is there a way to test my php.ini? Edit Edit It appears I am mistaken again and the php.ini is not being loaded at all any longer. However, If I run php_info() I get that it's looking for my php.ini in the correct location. Edit Edit Edit My config is at the config file path location below but it says no config file loaded. WTF Permission issue? It is currently 644 so everyone should be able to read it if not write it. I tried making it 777 and that didn't work. Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php.ini Loaded Configuration File (none) Edit Edit Edit Edit By loading the ini on the command line using the -c command I am able to run my files and using -m shows that my modules load So nothing is wrong with the php.ini

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• PC runs very slowly for no apparent reason

  - by GalacticCowboy

  I have a Dell Latitude D820 that I've owned for about 2.5 years. It is a Core 2 Duo T7200 2.0GHz, with 2 GB of RAM, an 80 GB hard drive and an NVidia Quadro 120M video card. The computer was purchased in late November of 2006 with XP Pro, and included a free upgrade to Vista Business. (Vista was available on MSDN but not yet via retail, so the Vista Business upgrades weren't shipped until March of '07.) Since we had an MSDN subscription at the time, I installed Vista Ultimate on it pretty much as soon as I got it. It ran happily until sometime in the spring of 2007 when Media Center (which I had never used except to watch DVDs) started throwing some kind of bizarre SQL (CE?) error. This error would pop up at random times just while using the computer. Furthermore, Media Center would no longer start. I never identified the cause of this error. I had the Vista Business upgrade by this time, so I nuked the machine, installed XP and all the drivers, and then the Vista Business upgrade. Again, it ran happily for a few months and then started behaving badly once again. Vista Business doesn't have Media Center, so this exhibited completely unrelated symptoms. For no apparent reason and at fairly random times, the machine would suddenly appear to freeze up or run very slowly. For example, launching a new application window (any app) might take 30-45 seconds to paint fully. However, Task Manager showed very low CPU load, memory, etc. I tried all the normal stuff (chkdsk, defrag, etc.) and ran several diagnostic programs to try to identify any problems, but none found anything. It eventually reached the point that the computer was all but unusable, so I nuked it again and installed XP. This time I decided to stick with XP instead of going to Vista. However, within the past couple of months it has started to exhibit the same symptoms in XP that I used to see in Vista. The computer is still under Dell warranty until December, but so far they aren't any help unless I can identify a specific problem. A friend (partner in a now-dead business) has an identical machine that was purchased at the same time. His machine exhibits none of these symptoms, which leads me to believe it is a hardware issue, but I can't figure out how to identify it. Any ideas? Utilities? Seen something similar? At this point I can't even identify any pattern to the behavior, but would be willing to run a "stress test"-style app for as long as a couple days if I had any hope that it would find something. EDIT July 17 I'm testing jerryjvl's answer regarding the video card, though I'm not sure it fully explains the symptoms yet. This morning I ran a video stress test. The test itself ran fine, but immediately afterward the PC started acting up again. I left ProcExp open and various system processes were consuming 50-60% of the CPU but with no apparent reason. For example, "services.exe" was eating about 40%, but the sum of its child processes wasn't higher than about 5%. I left it alone for several minutes to settle down, and then it was fine again. I used the "video card stability test" from firestone-group.com. Its output isn't very detailed, but it at least exercises the hardware pretty hard. EDIT July 22 Thanks for your excellent suggestions. Here is an update on what I have tried so far. Ran memtest86, SeaTools (Seagate), Hitachi drive fitness test, video card stability test (mentioned above). The video card test was the only one that seemed to produce any results, though it didn't occur during the actual test. I defragged the drive (again...) with JkDefrag I dropped the video card

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