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  • What is design principle behind Servlets being Singleton

    - by Sandeep Jindal
    A servlet container "generally" create one instance of a servlet and different threads of the same instance to serve multiple requests. (I know this can be changed using deprecated SingleThreadModel and other features, but this is the usual way). I thought, the simple reason behind this is performance gain, as creating threads is better than creating instances. But it seems this is not the reason. On the other hand, creating instances have little advantage that developers never have to worry about thread safety. I am trying to understand the reason for this decision over the trade-off of thread-safety.

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  • C# class design - expose variables for reading but not setting

    - by James Brauman
    I have a a polygon class which stores a list of Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Vector2 as the vertices of the polygon. Once the polygon is created, I'd like other classes to be able to read the position of the vertices, but not change them. I am currently exposing the vertices through this field: /// <summary> /// Gets the vertices stored for this polygon. /// </summary> public List<Vector2> Vertices { get { return _vertices; } } List<Vector2> _vertices; However you can change any vertex using code like: Polygon1.Vertices[0] = new Vector2(0, 0); or Polygon1.Vertices[0].X = 0; How can I limit other classes to be able to only read the properties of these vertices, and not be able to set a new one to my List? The only thing I can think of is to pass a copy to classes that request it. Note that Vector2 is a struct that is part of the XNA framework and I cannot change it. Thanks.

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  • Code Design Process?

    - by user156814
    I am going to be working on a project, a web application. I was reading 37signals getting real pamphlet online (http://gettingreal.37signals.com/), and I understand the recommended process to build the entire website. Brainstorm, sketch, HTML, code. They touch on each process lightly, but they never really talk much about the coding process (all they say is to keep code lean). I've been reading about different ways to go about it (top to bottom, bottom to top) but I dont know much about each way. I even read somewhere that one should write tests for the code before they actually write the code??? WHAT? What coding process should one follow when building an application. if its necessary, I'm using PHP and a framework.

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  • table design for storing large number of rows

    - by hyperboreean
    I am trying to store in a postgresql database some unique identifiers along with the site they have been seen on. I can't really decide which of the following 3 option to choose in order to be faster and easy maintainable. The table would have to provide the following information: the unique identifier which unfortunately it's text the sites on which that unique identifier has been seen The amount of data that would have to hold is rather large: there are around 22 millions unique identifiers that I know of. So I thought about the following designs of the table: id - integer identifier - text seen_on_site - an integer, foreign key to a sites table This approach would require around 22 mil multiplied by the number of sites. id - integer identifier - text seen_on_site_1 - boolean seen_on_site_2 - boolean ............ seen_on_site_n - boolean Hopefully the number of sites won't go past 10. This would require only the number of unique identifiers that I know of, that is around 20 millions, but it would make it hard to work with it from an ORM perspective. one table that would store only unique identifiers, like in: id - integer unique_identifier - text, one table that would store only sites, like in: id - integer site - text and one many to many relation, like: id - integer, unique_id - integer (fk to the table storing identifiers) site_id - integer (fk to sites table) another approach would be to have a table that stores unique identifiers for each site So, which one seems like a better approach to take on the long run?

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  • design question for transportation agency/workflow system

    - by George2
    Hello everyone, I am designing a transportation agency/workflow system, and it including 3 types of people, customer who requests to transport some stuff, drivers who deliver the stuff, and truck manager who manages transport source/destination truck coordination and communicates/organizes drivers. The system is expected to be a web site, and 3 kinds of people could use the web site to submit request, accept request, monitor status of specific stuff transportation, etc. The web site is more like an open agency or a workflow system. I am wondering whether there are any existing technologies, tools or projects (better to be open source, but not a must) which I could build my application faster based on? I prefer to use .Net technologies, but not a must. thanks in advance, George

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  • Commercial web application--scalable database design

    - by Rob Campbell
    I'm designing a set of web apps to track scientific laboratory data. Each laboratory has several members, each of whom will access both their own data and that of their laboratory as a whole. Many typical queries will thus be expected to return records of multiple members (e.g. my mouse, joe's mouse and sally's mouse). I think I have the database fairly well normalized. I'm now wondering how to ensure that users can efficiently access both their own data and their lab's data set when it is mixed among (hopefully) a whole ton of records from other labs. What I've come up with so far is that most tables will end with two fields: user_id and labgroup_id. The WHERE clause of any SELECT statement will include the appropriate reference to one of the id fields ("...WHERE 'labroup_id=n..." or "...WHERE user_id=n..."). My questions are: Is this an approach that will scale to 10^6 or more records? If so, what's the best way to use these fields in a query so that it most efficiently searches the relevant subset of the database? e.g. Should the first step in querying be to create a temporary table containing just the labgroup's data? Or will indexing using some combination of the id, user_id, and labroup_id fields be sufficient at that scale? I thank any responders very much in advance.

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  • Database design MySQL using foreign keys

    - by dscher
    I'm having some a little trouble understanding how to handle the database end of a program I'm making. I'm using an ORM in Kohana, but am hoping that a generalized understanding of how to solve this issue will lead me to an answer with the ORM. I'm writing a program for users to manage their stock research information. My tables are basically like so: CREATE TABLE tags( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, tags VARCHAR(30), UNIQUE(tags) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE stock_tags( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, tag_id INT NOT NULL, stock_id INT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (tag_id) REFERENCES tags(id), FOREIGN KEY(stock_id) REFERENCES stocks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE notes( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL, stock_id INT NOT NULL, notes TEXT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) REFERENCES stocks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, PRIMARY KEY(id) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE links( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL, stock_id INT NOT NULL, links VARCHAR(2083) NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (stock_id) REFERENCES stocks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, PRIMARY KEY(id) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; How would I get all the attributes of a single stock, including its links, notes, and tags? Do I have to add links, notes, and tags columns to the stocks table and then how do you call it? I know this differs using an ORM and I'd assume that I can use join tables in SQL. Thanks for any help, this will really help me understand the issue a lot better.

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  • Android listing design problem with cursors

    - by Priyank
    Hi. I have a following situation in my android app. I have an app that fetches messages from inbox, sent items and drafts based on search keywords. I use to accomplish this by fetching cursors for each manually based on selection by user and then populating them in a custom data holder object. Filter those results based on given keywords and then manually render view with respective data. Someone suggested that I should use a custom Cursor adapter to bind view and my cursor data. So I tried doing that. Now what I am doing is this: Fetch individual cursors for inbox, sent items and drafts. Merge them into one using Merge cursor and then pass that back to my CursorAdapter implmentation. Now where or how do I filter my cursor data based on keywords; because now binding will ensure that they are directly rendered to view on list. Also, some post fetching operation like fetching sender's contact pic and all will be something that I do not want to move to adapter. If I do all this processing in adapter; it'll be heavy and ugly. How could I have designed it better such that it performs and the responsibilities are shared and distributed. Any ideas will be helpful.

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  • OOP, Interface Design and Encapsulation

    - by Mau
    C# project, but it could be applied to any OO languages. 3 interfaces interacting: public interface IPublicData {} public /* internal */ interface IInternalDataProducer { string GetData(); } public interface IPublicWorker { IPublicData DoWork(); IInternalDataProducer GetInternalProducer(); } public class Engine { Engine(IPublicWorker worker) {} IPublicData Run() { DoSomethingWith(worker.GetInternalProducer().GetData()); return worker.DoWork(); } } Clearly Engine is parametric in the actual worker that does the job. A further source of parametrization is how we produce the 'internal data' via IInternalDataProducer. This implementation requires IInternalDataProducer to be public because it's part of the declaration of the public interface IPublicWorker. However, I'd like it to be internal since it's only used by the engine. A solution is make the IPublicWorker produce the internal data itself, but that's not very elegant since there's only a couple of ways of producing it (while there are many more worker implementations), therefore it's nice to delegate to a couple of separate concrete classes. Moreover, the IInternalDataProducer is used in more places inside the engine, so it's good for the engine to pass around the actual object. I'm looking for elegant ideas/patterns. Cheers :-)

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  • What is the best schema design for child collection with a "primary" entity

    - by erg39
    Here is the scenario: You have a Persons table with a one-to-many relationship with an Addresses table, where one of the Address rows is the "primary" Address. Is it better in a normalized schema to Use a Persons.PrimaryAddressID to access the "primary" Address for a Person or Use an Addresses.IsPrimary bit column to reference the "primary" Address for a Person via Addresses.PersonID or Other and why?

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  • Database Design Question

    - by deniz
    Hi, I am designing a database for a project. I have a table that has 10 columns, most of them are used whenever the table is accessed, and I need to add 3 more rows; View Count Thumbs Up (count) Thumbs Down (Count) which will be used on %90 of the queries when the table is accessed. So, my question is that whether it is better to break the table up and create new table which will have these 3 columns + Foreign ID, or just make it 13 columns and use no joins? Since these columns will be used frequently, I guess adding 3 more columns is better, but if I need to create 10 more columns which will be used %90 of the time, should I add them as well, or create a new table and use joins? I am not sure when to break the table if the columns are used very frequently. Do you have any suggestions? Thanks in advance,

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  • Open source libraries to design directed graphs

    - by Benjamin
    Hi all, I'm going to need to write a software that takes a list of persons and connects them together in a directed-graph-like manner. The GUI aspect of the whole project is very important. The graph must allow a lot of interaction. Such as selecting several people and hiding the others, moving them around. Additionally, the software will need to be able to provide other kind of GUI-features such as several tabs, text boxes etc. The application must be quite performant. As in, it must be able to handle hundreds if not thousands of widgets. Hence, I would like to know which open source libraries (at this point the programming language they are written in does not matter - I just want an overview of everything good that is out there) would allow me to develop such piece of software? What would you recommend? Thanks for that. Edit: Could you please also link to tutorials explaining how I could program a GUI that can interact with the generated graph? For example mouse events.

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  • Policy based design and defaults.

    - by Noah Roberts
    Hard to come up with a good title for this question. What I really need is to be able to provide template parameters with different number of arguments in place of a single parameter. Doesn't make a lot of sense so I'll go over the reason: template < typename T, template <typename,typename> class Policy = default_policy > struct policy_based : Policy<T, policy_based<T,Policy> > { // inherits R Policy::fun(arg0, arg1, arg2,...,argn) }; // normal use: policy_base<type_a> instance; // abnormal use: template < typename PolicyBased > // No T since T is always the same when you use this struct custom_policy {}; policy_base<type_b,custom_policy> instance; The deal is that for many abnormal uses the Policy will be based on one single type T, and can't really be parameterized on T so it makes no sense to take T as a parameter. For other uses, including the default, a Policy can make sense with any T. I have a couple ideas but none of them are really favorites. I thought that I had a better answer--using composition instead of policies--but then I realized I have this case where fun() actually needs extra information that the class itself won't have. This is like the third time I've refactored this silly construct and I've got quite a few custom versions of it around that I'm trying to consolidate. I'd like to get something nailed down this time rather than just fish around and hope it works this time. So I'm just fishing for ideas right now hoping that someone has something I'll be so impressed by that I'll switch deities. Anyone have a good idea? Edit: You might be asking yourself why I don't just retrieve T from the definition of policy based in the template for default_policy. The reason is that default_policy is actually specialized for some types T. Since asking the question I have come up with something that may be what I need, which will follow, but I could still use some other ideas. template < typename T > struct default_policy; template < typename T, template < typename > class Policy = default_policy > struct test : Policy<test<T,Policy>> {}; template < typename T > struct default_policy< test<T, default_policy> > { void f() {} }; template < > struct default_policy< test<int, default_policy> > { void f(int) {} }; Edit: Still messing with it. I wasn't too fond of the above since it makes default_policy permanently coupled with "test" and so couldn't be reused in some other method, such as with multiple templates as suggested below. It also doesn't scale at all and requires a list of parameters at least as long as "test" has. Tried a few different approaches that failed until I found another that seems to work so far: template < typename T > struct default_policy; template < typename T, template < typename > class Policy = default_policy > struct test : Policy<test<T,Policy>> {}; template < typename PolicyBased > struct fetch_t; template < typename PolicyBased, typename T > struct default_policy_base; template < typename PolicyBased > struct default_policy : default_policy_base<PolicyBased, typename fetch_t<PolicyBased>::type> {}; template < typename T, template < typename > class Policy > struct fetch_t< test<T,Policy> > { typedef T type; }; template < typename PolicyBased, typename T > struct default_policy_base { void f() {} }; template < typename PolicyBased > struct default_policy_base<PolicyBased,int> { void f(int) {} };

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  • Table Design in mysql

    - by RIDDHI
    Hi everyone, I need to create one table, Description : i need to create table based on schedule like daily, weekly & monthly, columns are like : sno, startdate, enddate, day, scheduletype For example i ll take weekly data, for my point of view : From sunday to saturday (1 - 7 )Id i create.... So lots of posibilities are creates like (1,2)(1,3) ..(1,2,3)....up to n....this twise posibility only but that will created up to 7 posibility in one. so how can i store this posibility in mysql database? If any one have an issue get back to me... Thanks in advanced!!!! Riddhi

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  • GUI design techniques to enhance user experience

    - by aku
    What techniques do you know\use to create user-friendly GUI ? I can name following techniques that I find especially useful: Non-blocking notifications (floating dialogs like in Firefox3 or Vista's pop-up messages in tray area) Absence of "Save" button MS OneNote as an example. IM clients can save conversation history automatically Integrated search Search not only through help files but rather make UI elements searchable. Vista made a good step toward such GUI. Scout addin Microsoft Office was a really great idea. Context oriented UI (Ribbon bar in MS Office 2007) Do you implement something like listed techniques in your software? Edit: As Ryan P mentioned, one of the best way to create usable app is to put yourself in user's place. I totally agree with it, but what I want to see in this topic is specific techniques (like those I mentioned above) rather than general recommendations.

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  • Comparing two Objects which implement the same interface for equality / equivalence - Design help

    - by gav
    Hi All, I have an interface and two objects implementing that interface, massively simplied; public interface MyInterface { public int getId(); public int getName(); ... } public class A implements MyInterface { ... } public class B implements MyInterface { ... } We are migrating from using one implementation to the other but I need to check that the objects of type B that are generated are equivalent to those of type A. Specifically I mean that for all of the interface methods an object of Type A and Type B will return the same value (I'm just checking my code for generating this objects is correct). How would you go about this? Map<String, MyInterface> oldGeneratedObjects = getOldGeneratedObjects(); Map<String, MyInterface> newGeneratedObjects = getNewGeneratedObjects(); // TODO: Establish that for each Key the Values in the two maps return equivalent values. I'm looking for good coding practices and style here. I appreciate that I could just iterate through one key set pulling out both objects which should be equivalent and then just call all the methods and compare, I'm just thinking there may be a cleaner, more extensible way and I'm interested to learn what options there might be. Would it be appropriate / possible / advised to override equals or implement Comparable? Thanks in advance, Gavin

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  • Database Table design for Weekdays and Values

    - by Ved
    Guys, I would love to here your ideas on this. I am creating a table which will store weekly shift hours for employees. for example: Jon works 9:00am tp 9:00pm Monday , 10:00 AM to 5:00PM on Tuseday etc.... How should i go on designing this table. I thought of 2 options. (1) For every record I can have two lines for AM and PM and have columns for Monday to Sunday ID | ParentID | Type | Monday | Tuseday ......Sunday 1 | 1 | AM | 9:00 | 9:00 12:00 2 | 1 | PM | 9:00 | 5:00 02:00 3 | 2 | AM | 10:00 | 4 | 2 | PM | 10:00 | (2) I can save Preference in XML format in one column ID | Info 1 | |Hours|Monday|9:00 AM - 9:00PM|Monday|Tuseday........|Hours Any better ideas ? Thanks

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  • How to design websites for all display sizes

    - by katie bekell
    I like to use a lot of unique graphics on my pages, which often results in making different page sizes depending on available screen width/height. Here are two examples: http://www.uvm.edu/~areid/homesite/ - the image floats at the bottom of my screen but on a larger browser, the image floats near the middle making it look off. It looks best when the bottom of the window aligns with the bottom of the image www.stevenlebel.com - it loads two different pages depending on what monitor size is detected. This seems like a lot of redundant coding. My question is, how can I make sliced/Photoshop images transition well to different screen sizes. Does Photoshop allow you to make DIVS instead of tables? Can i make each of the slices created by Photoshop grow/shrink when the browser window size changes? If anyone has any input on creating websites like this I would be very interested to hear what they have to say. Thanks Katie

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  • java api design - NULL or Exception

    - by srini.venigalla
    Is it better to return a null value or throw an exception from an API method? Returning a null requires ugly null checks all over, and cause a major quality problem if the return is not checked. Throwing an exception forces the user to code for the faulty condition, but since Java exceptions bubble up and force the caller code to handle them, in general, using custom exceptions may be a bad idea (specifically in java). Any sound and practical advice?

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  • Effecient data structure design

    - by Sway
    Hi there, I need to match a series of user inputed words against a large dictionary of words (to ensure the entered value exists). So if the user entered: "orange" it should match an entry "orange' in the dictionary. Now the catch is that the user can also enter a wildcard or series of wildcard characters like say "or__ge" which would also match "orange" The key requirements are: * this should be as fast as possible. * use the smallest amount of memory to achieve it. If the size of the word list was small I could use a string containing all the words and use regular expressions. however given that the word list could contain potentially hundreds of thousands of enteries I'm assuming this wouldn't work. So is some sort of 'tree' be the way to go for this...? Any thoughts or suggestions on this would be totally appreciated! Thanks in advance, Matt

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  • Design pattern to integrate Rails with a Comet server

    - by empire29
    I have a Ruby on Rails (2.3.5) application and an APE (Ajax Push Engine) server. When records are created within the Rails application, i need to push the new record out on applicable channels to the APE server. Records can be created in the rails app by the traditional path through the controller's create action, or it can be created by several event machines that are constantly monitoring various inputstream and creating records when they see data that meets a certain criteria. It seems to me that the best/right place to put the code that pushes the data out to the APE server (which in turn pushes it out to the clients) is in the Model's after_create hook (since not all record creations will flow through the controller's create action). The final caveat is I want to push a piece of formatted HTML out to the APE server (rather than a JSON representation of the data). The reason I want to do this is 1) I already have logic to produce the desired layout in existing partials 2) I don't want to create a javascript implementation of the partials (javascript that takes a JSON object and creates all the HTML around it for presentation). This would quickly become a maintenance nightmare. The problem with this is it would require "rendering" partials from within the Model (which im having trouble doing anyhow because they don't seem to have access to Helpers when they're rendered in this manner). Anyhow - Just wondering what the right way to go about organizing all of this is. Thanks

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  • Dependency Injection & Singleton Design pattern

    - by SysAdmin
    How do we identify when to use dependency injection or singleton pattern. I have read in lot of websites where they say "Use Dependency injection over singleton pattern". But I am not sure if I totally agree with them. For my small or medium scale projects I definitely see the use of singleton pattern straightforward. For example Logger. I could use Logger.GetInstance().Log(...) But, instead of this, why do I need to inject every class I create, with the logger's instance?.

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  • Useful design patterns when dealing with spring 3 controllers

    - by Mat Banik
    Recently I was overlooking my controllers and they are bit of mess. I'd like to organize they way I set returning views Do more elegant mesageSource massaging back to the users and account for i18n Security checking, what user can access an what they can't Consistent way of calling the service layer And somehow bring consistency to the debugging lines. Do better job with error handling and serving it to the user. I'm already on mission to do security logging with AOP :) I'm just looking for patterns I could implement to help me to do all of the above. Or just some general advice in case no patterns apply, or advice on something I didn't mention but is common practice.

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  • MVC & Design patterns in C++

    - by theunanonim
    I have an assignment (university level) in C++ The application that was done so far: - MVC agenda - the views are command-line - Agenda contains a list of contacts - a contact may be a friend or an acquiantance - Agenda may contain also a Company that is a contact and may contain other contacts (sorry the code is already too big as I tried to keep the MVC aspect of the application, and I can't post it here or request your time to study it..) To do: - implement factory method pattern - implement observer pattern - implement strategy pattern - implement visitor pattern The evaluation will depend on the number of added patterns and places they have been added. Am I an idiot or this is the stupidies possible assignement ? If not, please help me with some basic tips.. which one where ? Best Regards. P.S. Sorry for my English

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