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  • Parameterized Django models

    - by mgibsonbr
    In principle, a single Django application can be reused in two or more projects, providing functionality relevent to both. That implies that the same database structure (tables and relations) will be re-created identically in different databases, and most times this is not a problem (assuming the projects/databases are unrelated - for instance when someone downloads a complete app to use in their own projects). Sometimes, however, the models must be "tweaked" a little to better fit the problem needs. This can be accomplished by forking the app, but I wondered if there wouldn't be a better option in cases where the app designer can anticipate the most common customizations. For instance, if I have a model that could relate to another as one-to-one or one-to-many, I could specify the unique property as a parameter, that can be specified in the project's settings: class This(models.Model): other = models.ForeignKey(Other, unique=settings.OTHER_TO_THIS) Or if a model can relate to many others, I could create an intermediate table for each of them (thus enforcing referential integrity) instead of using generic fks: for related in settings.MODELS_RELATED_TO_OTHER: model_name = '%s_Other' % related globals()[model_name] = type(model_name, (models.Model,) { me:models.ForeignKey(find_model_class(related)), other:models.ForeignKey(Other), # Some other properties all intersection tables must have }) Etc. Let me stress out that I'm not proposing to change the models at runtime nor anything like that; once the parameters were defined and syncdb called for the first time, those parameters are not to be changed again (unless you're doing a schema migration). Is this a good design? Are there better ways to accomplish the same thing, or maybe drawbacks I coulnd't anticipate? This technique is meant to be used sparingly (only on apps meant to be reused in wildly different contexts, and only when a specific need of customization can be detected while the app model is being designed).

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  • Being stupid to get better productivity?

    - by loki2302
    I've spent a lot of time reading different books about "good design", "design patterns", etc. I'm a big fan of the SOLID approach and every time I need to write a simple piece of code, I think about the future. So, if implementing a new feature or a bug fix requires just adding three lines of code like this: if(xxx) { doSomething(); } It doesn't mean I'll do it this way. If I feel like this piece of code is likely to become larger in the nearest future, I'll think of adding abstractions, moving this functionality somewhere else and so on. The goal I'm pursuing is keeping average complexity the same as it was before my changes. I believe, that from the code standpoint, it's quite a good idea - my code is never long enough, and it's quite easy to understand the meanings for different entities, like classes, methods, and relations between classes and objects. The problem is, it takes too much time, and I often feel like it would be better if I just implemented that feature "as is". It's just about "three lines of code" vs. "new interface + two classes to implement that interface". From a product standpoint (when we're talking about the result), the things I do are quite senseless. I know that if we're going to work on the next version, having good code is really great. But on the other side, the time you've spent to make your code "good" may have been spent for implementing a couple of useful features. I often feel very unsatisfied with my results - good code that only can do A is worse than bad code that can do A, B, C, and D. Are there any books, articles, blogs, or your ideas that may help with developing one's "being stupid" approach?

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  • Caching by in-memory dictionaries. Are we doing it all wrong?

    - by user73983
    This approach is pretty much the accepted way to do anything in our company. A simple example : when a piece of data for a customer is requested from a service, we fetch all the data for that customer(relevant part to the service) and save it in a in-memory dictionary then serve it from there on following requests(we run singleton services). Any update goes to DB, then updates the in memory dictionary. It seems all simple and harmless but as we implement more complicated business rules the cache gets out of sync and we have to deal with hard to find bugs. Sometimes we defer writing to database, keeping new data in cache till then. There are cases when we store millions of rows in memory because the table has many relations to other tables and we need to show aggregate data quickly. All this cache handling is a big part of our codebase and I sense this is not the right way to do it. All of this juggling adds too much noise to the code and it makes it hard to understand the actual business logic. However I don't think we can serve data in a reasonable amount of time if we have to hit the database every time. I am unhappy about the current situation but I don't have a better alternative. My only solution would be to use NHibernate 2nd level cache but I have nearly no experience with it. I know many campanies use Redis or MemCached heavily to gain performance but I have no idea how I would integrate them into our system. I also don't know if they can perform better than in-memory data structures and queries. Are there any alternative approaches that I should look into?

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  • How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

    - by mfisch
    I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found I tried juju debug-hooks tracks/0 -e local, that dropped me into a shell and relation-get still failed.

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  • Can't remove software - Installed in NULL

    - by ChosSimbaOne
    I've installed software to our administration machine. The problem is that i cannot start the software or uninstall it, as it is not in any directory on the machine. I tried to install it at /pack/CST/... but it is not there and a locate on CST or cst returns nothing. The software is installed from a DVD and not a repository. I've tried to reboot the machine, as i thought i might had something to do with the software being loaded in some sort of tmpfs but that didn't help. I've looked through the entire /etc to check for any relations to the software, but unsuccessfully. I'm out of ideas, to what can cause this problem, anyone got any ideas?? EDIT: I downloaded the iso wich i mounted with: sudo mount -o loop /path/to/iso.iso /path/to/mountpoint sudo /path/to/mountpoint/install.sh Ran the install GUI via an X-session. I choose to install the software in /pack/CST/... but when it exited it said that the software had been installed to /tmp/... There was nothing in tmp, so i decided to reboot the machine and did a full find to see if there was anything left of the software, removed what looked like it could be related. It had placed a script in all the /etc/rs* folder which I removed with: sudo update-rc.d -f scriptname -r I rebooted the machine again, just to be sure. When i run the installer again, it tells me that the software is installed in NULL and i have to remove before installing it. /pack/ is a mountpoint for /q/system/pack What i expected was that the software would be installed in /pack/CST, but it seems to be lock in the system, but I am unable to locate where.

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  • Type of AI to tackle this problem?

    - by user1154277
    I posted this on stackoverflow but want to get your recommendations as well as a user on overflow recommended I post it here. I'm going to say from the beginning that I am not a programmer, I have a cursory knowledge of different types of AI and am just a businessman building a web app. Anyways, the web app I am investing in to develop is for a hobby of mine. There are many part manufacturers, product manufacturers, upgrade and addon manufacturers etc. for hardware/products in this hobby's industry. Currently, I am in the process of building a crowd sourced platform for people who are knowledgeable to go in and mark up compatibility between those parts as its not always clear cut if they are for example: Manufacturer A makes a "A" class product, and manufacturer B makes upgrade/part that generally goes with class "A" products, but is for one reason or another not compatible with Manufacturer A's particular "A" class product. However, a good chunk (60%-70%) of the products/parts in the database can have their compatibility inferenced by their properties, For example: Part 1 is type "A" with "X" mm receiver and part 2 is also Type "A" with "X" mm interface and thus the two parts are compatible.. or Part 1 is a 8mm gear, thus all bushings of 8mm from any manufacturer is compatible with part 1. Further more, all gears can only have compatibility relationships in the database with bushing and gear boxes, but there can be no meaningful compatibility between a gear and a rail, or receiver since those parts don't interface. Now what I want is an AI to be able to learn from the decisions of the crowdsourced platform community and be able to inference compatibility for new parts/products based on their tagged attributes, what type of part they are etc. What would be the best form of AI to tackle this? I was thinking a Expert System, but explicitly engineering all of the knowledge rules would be daunting because of the complex relations between literally tens of thousands of parts, hundreds of part types and many manufacturers. Would a ANN (neural network) be ideal to learn from the many inputs/decisions of the crowdsource platform users? Any help/input is much appreciated.

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  • Help me alter this query to get the desired results - New*

    - by sandeepan
    Please dump these data first CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `all_tag_relations` ( `id_tag_rel` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id_tag` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `id_tutor` int(10) DEFAULT NULL, `id_wc` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_tag_rel`), KEY `All_Tag_Relations_FKIndex1` (`id_tag`), KEY `id_wc` (`id_wc`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=19 ; INSERT INTO `all_tag_relations` (`id_tag_rel`, `id_tag`, `id_tutor`, `id_wc`) VALUES (1, 1, 1, NULL), (2, 2, 1, NULL), (3, 6, 2, NULL), (4, 7, 2, NULL), (8, 3, 1, 1), (9, 4, 1, 1), (10, 5, 2, 2), (11, 4, 2, 2), (15, 8, 1, 3), (16, 9, 1, 3), (17, 10, 1, 4), (18, 4, 1, 4), (19, 1, 2, 5), (20, 4, 2, 5); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `tags` ( `id_tag` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `tag` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_tag`), UNIQUE KEY `tag` (`tag`), KEY `id_tag` (`id_tag`), KEY `tag_2` (`tag`), KEY `tag_3` (`tag`), KEY `tag_4` (`tag`), FULLTEXT KEY `tag_5` (`tag`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ; INSERT INTO `tags` (`id_tag`, `tag`) VALUES (1, 'Sandeepan'), (2, 'Nath'), (3, 'first'), (4, 'class'), (5, 'new'), (6, 'Bob'), (7, 'Cratchit'), (8, 'more'), (9, 'fresh'), (10, 'second'); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `webclasses` ( `id_wc` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id_author` int(10) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_wc`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; INSERT INTO `webclasses` (`id_wc`, `id_author`, `name`) VALUES (1, 1, 'first class'), (2, 2, 'new class'), (3, 1, 'more fresh'), (4, 1, 'second class'), (5, 2, 'sandeepan class'); About the system - The system consists of tutors and classes. - The data in the table All_Tag_Relations stores tag relations for each tutor registered and each class created by a tutor. The tag relations are used for searching classes. The current data dump corresponds to tutor "Sandeepan Nath" who has created classes named "first class", "more fresh", "second class" and tutor "Bob Cratchit" who has created classes "new class" and "Sandeepan class". I am trying for a search query performs AND logic on the search keywords and returns wvery such class for which the search terms are present in the class name or its tutor name To make it easy, following is the list of search terms and desired results:- Search term result classes (check the id_wc in the results) first class 1 Sandeepan Nath class 1 Sandeepan Nath 1,3 Bob Cratchit 2 Sandeepan Nath bob none Sandeepan Class 1,4,5 I have so far reached upto this query -- Two keywords search SET @tag1 = 4, @tag2 = 1; -- Setting some user variables to see where the ids go. SELECT wc.id_wc, sum( DISTINCT ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag1 ) ) AS key_1_class_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) ) AS key_2_class_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = @tag1 ) ) AS key_1_tutor_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) ) AS key_2_tutor_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = wtagrels.id_tag ) ) AS key_class_tutor_matches FROM WebClasses as wc join all_tag_relations AS wtagrels on wc.id_wc = wtagrels.id_wc join all_tag_relations as ttagrels on (wc.id_author = ttagrels.id_tutor) WHERE ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag1 OR wtagrels.id_tag = @tag2 OR ttagrels.id_tag = @tag1 OR ttagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) GROUP BY wtagrels.id_wc LIMIT 0 , 20 For search with 1 or 3 terms, remove/add the variable part in this query. Tabulating my observation of the values of key_1_class_matches, key_2_class_matches,key_1_tutor_matches (say, class keys),key_2_tutor_matches for various cases (say, tutor keys). Search term expected result Observation first class 1 for class 1, all class keys+all tutor keys =1 Sandeepan Nath class 1 for class 1, one class key+ all tutor keys = 1 Sandeepan Nath 1,3 both tutor keys =1 for these classes Bob Cratchit 2 both tutor keys = 1 Sandeepan Nath bob none no complete tutor matches for any class I found a pattern that, for any case, the class(es) which should appear in the result have the highest number of matches (all class keys and tutor keys). E.g. searching "first class", only for class =1, total of key matches = 4(1+1+1+1) searching "Sandeepan Nath", for classes 1, 3,4(all classes by Sandeepan Nath) have all the tutor keys matching. But no pattern in the search for "Sandeepan Class" - classes 1,4,5 should match. Now, how do I put a condition into the query, based on that pattern so that only those classes are returned. Do I need to use full text search here because it gives a scoring/rank value indicating the strength of the match? Any sample query would help. Please note - I have already found solution for showing classes when any/all of the search terms match with the class name. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3030022/mysql-help-me-alter-this-search-query-to-get-desired-results But if all the search terms are in tutor name, it does not work. So, I am modifying the query and experimenting.

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  • Help me alter this query to get the desired results

    - by sandeepan
    Please dump these data first CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `all_tag_relations` ( `id_tag_rel` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id_tag` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `id_tutor` int(10) DEFAULT NULL, `id_wc` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_tag_rel`), KEY `All_Tag_Relations_FKIndex1` (`id_tag`), KEY `id_wc` (`id_wc`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=19 ; INSERT INTO `all_tag_relations` (`id_tag_rel`, `id_tag`, `id_tutor`, `id_wc`) VALUES (1, 1, 1, NULL), (2, 2, 1, NULL), (3, 6, 2, NULL), (4, 7, 2, NULL), (8, 3, 1, 1), (9, 4, 1, 1), (10, 5, 2, 2), (11, 4, 2, 2), (15, 8, 1, 3), (16, 9, 1, 3), (17, 10, 1, 4), (18, 4, 1, 4), (19, 1, 2, 5), (20, 4, 2, 5); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `tags` ( `id_tag` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `tag` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_tag`), UNIQUE KEY `tag` (`tag`), KEY `id_tag` (`id_tag`), KEY `tag_2` (`tag`), KEY `tag_3` (`tag`), KEY `tag_4` (`tag`), FULLTEXT KEY `tag_5` (`tag`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ; INSERT INTO `tags` (`id_tag`, `tag`) VALUES (1, 'Sandeepan'), (2, 'Nath'), (3, 'first'), (4, 'class'), (5, 'new'), (6, 'Bob'), (7, 'Cratchit'), (8, 'more'), (9, 'fresh'), (10, 'second'); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `webclasses` ( `id_wc` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id_author` int(10) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id_wc`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; INSERT INTO `webclasses` (`id_wc`, `id_author`, `name`) VALUES (1, 1, 'first class'), (2, 2, 'new class'), (3, 1, 'more fresh'), (4, 1, 'second class'), (5, 2, 'sandeepan class'); About the system - The system consists of tutors and classes. - The data in the table All_Tag_Relations stores tag relations for each tutor registered and each class created by a tutor. The tag relations are used for searching classes. The current data dump corresponds to tutor "Sandeepan Nath" who has created classes named "first class", "more fresh", "second class" and tutor "Bob Cratchit" who has created classes "new class" and "Sandeepan class". I am trying for a search query performs AND logic on the search keywords and returns wvery such class for which the search terms are present in the class name or its tutor name To make it easy, following is the list of search terms and desired results:- Search term result classes (check the id_wc in the results) first class 1 Sandeepan Nath class 1 Sandeepan Nath 1,3 Bob Cratchit 2 Sandeepan Nath bob none Sandeepan Class 1,4,5 I have so far reached upto this query -- Two keywords search SET @tag1 = 4, @tag2 = 1; -- Setting some user variables to see where the ids go. SELECT wc.id_wc, sum( DISTINCT ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag1 ) ) AS key_1_class_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) ) AS key_2_class_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = @tag1 ) ) AS key_1_tutor_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) ) AS key_2_tutor_matches, sum( DISTINCT ( ttagrels.id_tag = wtagrels.id_tag ) ) AS key_class_tutor_matches FROM WebClasses as wc join all_tag_relations AS wtagrels on wc.id_wc = wtagrels.id_wc join all_tag_relations as ttagrels on (wc.id_author = ttagrels.id_tutor) WHERE ( wtagrels.id_tag = @tag1 OR wtagrels.id_tag = @tag2 OR ttagrels.id_tag = @tag1 OR ttagrels.id_tag = @tag2 ) GROUP BY wtagrels.id_wc LIMIT 0 , 20 For search with 1 or 3 terms, remove/add the variable part in this query. Tabulating my observation of the values of key_1_class_matches, key_2_class_matches,key_1_tutor_matches (say, class keys),key_2_tutor_matches for various cases (say, tutor keys). Search term expected result Observation first class 1 for class 1, all class keys+all tutor keys =1 Sandeepan Nath class 1 for class 1, one class key+ all tutor keys = 1 Sandeepan Nath 1,3 both tutor keys =1 for these classes Bob Cratchit 2 both tutor keys = 1 Sandeepan Nath bob none no complete tutor matches for any class I found a pattern that, for any case, the class(es) which should appear in the result have the highest number of matches (all class keys and tutor keys). E.g. searching "first class", only for class =1, total of key matches = 4(1+1+1+1) searching "Sandeepan Nath", for classes 1, 3,4(all classes by Sandeepan Nath) have all the tutor keys matching. But no pattern in the search for "Sandeepan Class" - classes 1,4,5 should match. Now, how do I put a condition into the query, based on that pattern so that only those classes are returned. Do I need to use full text search here because it gives a scoring/rank value indicating the strength of the match? Any sample query would help. Please note - I have already found solution for showing classes when any/all of the search terms match with the class name. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3030022/mysql-help-me-alter-this-search-query-to-get-desired-results But if all the search terms are in tutor name, it does not work. So, I am modifying the query and experimenting.

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  • A format for storing personal contacts in a database

    - by Gart
    I'm thinking of the best way to store personal contacts in a database for a business application. The traditional and straightforward approach would be to create a table with columns for each element, i.e. Name, Telephone Number, Job title, Address, etc... However, there are known industry standards for this kind of data, like for example vCard, or hCard, or vCard-RDF/XML or even Windows Contacts XML Schema. Utilizing an standard format would offer some benefits, like inter-operablilty with other systems. But how can I decide which method to use? The requirements are mainly to store the data. Search and ordering queries are highly unlikely but possible. The volume of the data is 100,000 records at maximum. My database engine supports native XML columns. I have been thinking to use some XML-based format to store the personal contacts. Then it will be possible to utilize XML indexes on this data, if searching and ordering is needed. Is this a good approach? Which contacts format and schema would you recommend for this? Edited after first answers Here is why I think the straightforward approach is bad. This is due to the nature of this kind of data - it is not that simple. The personal contacts it is not well-structured data, it may be called semi-structured. Each contact may have different data fields, maybe even such fields which I cannot anticipate. In my opinion, each piece of this data should be treated as important information, i.e. no piece of data could be discarded just because there was no relevant column in the database. If we took it further, assuming that no data may be lost, then we could create a big text column named Comment or Description or Other and put there everything which cannot be fitted well into table columns. But then again - the data would lose structure - this might be bad. If we wanted structured data then - according to the database design principles - the data should be decomposed into entities, and relations should be established between the entities. But this adds complexity - there are just too many entities, and lots of design desicions should be made, like "How do we store Address? Personal Name? Phone number? How do we encode home phone numbers and mobile phone numbers? How about other contact info?.." The relations between entities are complex and multiple, and each relation is a table in the database. Each relation needs to be documented in the design papers. That is a lot of work to do. But it is possible to avoid the complexity entirely - just document that the data is stored according to such and such standard schema, period. Then anybody who would be reading that document should easily understand what it was all about. Finally, this is all about using an industry standard. The standard is, hopefully, designed by some clever people who anticipated and described the structure of personal contacts information much better than I ever could. Why should we all reinvent the wheel?? It's much easier to use a standard schema. The problem is, there are just too many standards - it's not easy to decide which one to use!

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  • Adding interactions to admin pages generated by the admin generator

    - by Stick it to THE MAN
    I am using Symfony 1.2.9 (with Propel ORM) to create a website. I have started using the admin generator to implement the admin functionality. I have come accross a slight 'problem' however. My models are related (e.g. one table may have several 1:N relations and N:N relations). I have not found a way to address this satisfactorily yet. As a tactical solution (for list views), I have decided to simply show the parent object, and then add interactions to show the related objects. I'll use a Blog model to illustrate this. Here are the relationships for a blog model: N:M relationship with Blogroll (models a blog roll) 1:N relationship with Blogpost (models a post submitted to a blog) I had originally intended on displaying the (paged) blogpost list for a blog,, when it was selected, using AJAX, but I am struggling enough with the admin generator as it is, so I have shelved that idea - unless someone is kind enough to shed some light on how to do this. Instead, what I am now doing (as a tactical/interim soln), is I have added interactions to the list view which allow a user to: View a list of the blog roll for the blog on that row View a list of the posts for the blog on that row Add a post for the blog on tha row In all of the above, I have written actions that will basically forward the request to the approriate action (admin generated). However, I need to pass some parameters (like the blog id etc), so that the correct blog roll or blog post list etc is returned. I am sure there is a better way of doing what I want to do, but in case there isn't here are my questions: How may I obtain the object that relates to a specific row (of the clicked link) in the list view (e.g. the blog object in this example) Once I have the object, I may choose to extract various fields: id etc. How can I pass these arguments to the admin generated action ? Regarding the second question, my guess is that this may be the way to do it (I may be wrong) public function executeMyAddedBlogRollInteractionLink(sfWebRequest $request) { // get the object *somehow* (I'm guessing this may work) $object = $this->getRoute()->getObject(); // retrieve the required parameters from the object, and build a query string $query_str=$object->getId(); //forward the request to the generated code (action to display blogroll list in this case) $this->forward('backendmodulename',"getblogrolllistaction?params=$query_string"); } This feels like a bit of a hack, but I'm not sure how else to go about it. I'm also not to keen on sending params (which may include user_id etc via a GET, even a POST is not that much safer, since it is fairly sraightforward to see what requests a browser is making). if there is a better way than what I suggest above to implement this kind of administration that is required for objects with 1 or more M:N relationships, I will be very glad to hear the "recommended" way of going about it. I remember reading about marking certain actions as internal. i.e. callable from only within the app. I wonder if that would be useful in this instance?

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  • Edit of self referencing HABTM in cakephp works, sometimes

    - by Odegard
    I'm using a self referencing HABTM model with Participants. You sign up for an event and when you log in to your reservation/profile you see a list of other participants and you can choose to add yourself and others into various groups; share hotel room, share transportation from airport etc. What I've managed so far: 1) In my profile I see the list of all other participants with checkboxes. Great so far. 2) Adding another participant works fine. Next time I edit, the participant I added is shown as checked. 3) Removing another participant works fine too as long as you still have checked participants before you submit! Again, with words: There are 3 participants. I'm logged in as one of them, and I see the 2 other people on the participants list. I choose to check both of them. This works fine (always). Later I choose to remove one of them (by unchecking the checkbox and hitting submit). This also works fine (always). If I want to remove the last checkbox... nothing is updated (always!). What's curious is that I can add and remove any odd combination of participants and it will always work UNLESS I choose to remove every participants in one go (removing a one and only participant is a special case of "remove all checked participants"). As far as I know, HABTMs work by first deleting all relations, then re-saving them. I can see that in my tables when I remove, add, remove, add the same participant over and over again - the id on the HABTM table is always increasing. When I deselect all participants at once, however, the relations are not updated. The ids stay the same, so it's like the save never happened. This behaviour is so specific and peculiar, I have a feeling I'm missing something obvious here. Anyway, here's the relevant code: Model class Participant extends AppModel { var $hasAndBelongsToMany = array( 'buddy' = array( 'className' = 'Participant', 'joinTable' = 'participants_participants', 'foreignKey' = 'participant_id', 'associationForeignKey' = 'buddy_id', 'unique' = true, ) ); Controller function edit($id = null) { if (!$id && empty($this-data)) { $this-Session-setFlash(__('Invalid Participant', true)); $this-redirect(array('action'='index')); } if (!empty($this-data)) { if ($this-Participant-saveAll($this-data)) { $this-Session-setFlash(__('The Participant has been saved', true)); $this-redirect(array('action'='index')); } else { $this-Session-setFlash(__('The Participant could not be saved. Please, try again.', true)); } } if (empty($this-data)) { $this-data = $this-Participant-read(null, $id); } // Fetching all participants except yourself $allParticipants = $this-Participant-find('list', array('conditions' = array('participant.id ' = $id))); // Fetching every participant that has added you to their list $allBuddies = $this-Participant-ParticipantsParticipant-find('list', array( 'conditions' = array('buddy_id' = $id), 'fields' = 'ParticipantsParticipant.participant_id', 'order' = 'ParticipantsParticipant.participant_id ASC' )); $this-set(compact('allParticipants','allBuddies')); } View echo $form-create('Participant'); echo $associations-habtmCheckBoxes($allParticipants, $this-data['buddy'], 'buddy', 'div', '\'border: 1px solid #000;\'', '\'border: 1px solid #000;\''); echo $form-end('Submit'); I'm using a slightly modified helper, habtmCheckBoxes, found here: http://cakeforge.org/snippet/detail.php?type=snippet&id=190 It works like this: function habtmCheckBoxes($rows=array(), $selectedArr=array(), $modelName, $wrapTag='p', $checkedDiv, $uncheckedDiv) {}

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  • Flow-Design Cheat Sheet &ndash; Part I, Notation

    - by Ralf Westphal
    You want to avoid the pitfalls of object oriented design? Then this is the right place to start. Use Flow-Oriented Analysis (FOA) and –Design (FOD or just FD for Flow-Design) to understand a problem domain and design a software solution. Flow-Orientation as described here is related to Flow-Based Programming, Event-Based Programming, Business Process Modelling, and even Event-Driven Architectures. But even though “thinking in flows” is not new, I found it helpful to deviate from those precursors for several reasons. Some aim at too big systems for the average programmer, some are concerned with only asynchronous processing, some are even not very much concerned with programming at all. What I was looking for was a design method to help in software projects of any size, be they large or tiny, involing synchronous or asynchronous processing, being local or distributed, running on the web or on the desktop or on a smartphone. That´s why I took ideas from all of the above sources and some additional and came up with Event-Based Components which later got repositioned and renamed to Flow-Design. In the meantime this has generated some discussion (in the German developer community) and several teams have started to work with Flow-Design. Also I´ve conducted quite some trainings using Flow-Orientation for design. The results are very promising. Developers find it much easier to design software using Flow-Orientation than OOAD-based object orientation. Since Flow-Orientation is moving fast and is not covered completely by a single source like a book, demand has increased for at least an overview of the current state of its notation. This page is trying to answer this demand by briefly introducing/describing every notational element as well as their translation into C# source code. Take this as a cheat sheet to put next to your whiteboard when designing software. However, please do not expect any explanation as to the reasons behind Flow-Design elements. Details on why Flow-Design at all and why in this specific way you´ll find in the literature covering the topic. Here´s a resource page on Flow-Design/Event-Based Components, if you´re able to read German. Notation Connected Functional Units The basic element of any FOD are functional units (FU): Think of FUs as some kind of software code block processing data. For the moment forget about classes, methods, “components”, assemblies or whatever. See a FU as an abstract piece of code. Software then consists of just collaborating FUs. I´m using circles/ellipses to draw FUs. But if you like, use rectangles. Whatever suites your whiteboard needs best.   The purpose of FUs is to process input and produce output. FUs are transformational. However, FUs are not called and do not call other FUs. There is no dependency between FUs. Data just flows into a FU (input) and out of it (output). From where and where to is of no concern to a FU.   This way FUs can be concatenated in arbitrary ways:   Each FU can accept input from many sources and produce output for many sinks:   Flows Connected FUs form a flow with a start and an end. Data is entering a flow at a source, and it´s leaving it through a sink. Think of sources and sinks as special FUs which conntect wires to the environment of a network of FUs.   Wiring Details Data is flowing into/out of FUs through wires. This is to allude to electrical engineering which since long has been working with composable parts. Wires are attached to FUs usings pins. They are the entry/exit points for the data flowing along the wires. Input-/output pins currently need not be drawn explicitly. This is to keep designing on a whiteboard simple and quick.   Data flowing is of some type, so wires have a type attached to them. And pins have names. If there is only one input pin and output pin on a FU, though, you don´t need to mention them. The default is Process for a single input pin, and Result for a single output pin. But you´re free to give even single pins different names.   There is a shortcut in use to address a certain pin on a destination FU:   The type of the wire is put in parantheses for two reasons. 1. This way a “no-type” wire can be easily denoted, 2. this is a natural way to describe tuples of data.   To describe how much data is flowing, a star can be put next to the wire type:   Nesting – Boards and Parts If more than 5 to 10 FUs need to be put in a flow a FD starts to become hard to understand. To keep diagrams clutter free they can be nested. You can turn any FU into a flow: This leads to Flow-Designs with different levels of abstraction. A in the above illustration is a high level functional unit, A.1 and A.2 are lower level functional units. One of the purposes of Flow-Design is to be able to describe systems on different levels of abstraction and thus make it easier to understand them. Humans use abstraction/decomposition to get a grip on complexity. Flow-Design strives to support this and make levels of abstraction first class citizens for programming. You can read the above illustration like this: Functional units A.1 and A.2 detail what A is supposed to do. The whole of A´s responsibility is decomposed into smaller responsibilities A.1 and A.2. FU A thus does not do anything itself anymore! All A is responsible for is actually accomplished by the collaboration between A.1 and A.2. Since A now is not doing anything anymore except containing A.1 and A.2 functional units are devided into two categories: boards and parts. Boards are just containing other functional units; their sole responsibility is to wire them up. A is a board. Boards thus depend on the functional units nested within them. This dependency is not of a functional nature, though. Boards are not dependent on services provided by nested functional units. They are just concerned with their interface to be able to plug them together. Parts are the workhorses of flows. They contain the real domain logic. They actually transform input into output. However, they do not depend on other functional units. Please note the usage of source and sink in boards. They correspond to input-pins and output-pins of the board.   Implicit Dependencies Nesting functional units leads to a dependency tree. Boards depend on nested functional units, they are the inner nodes of the tree. Parts are independent, they are the leafs: Even though dependencies are the bane of software development, Flow-Design does not usually draw these dependencies. They are implicitly created by visually nesting functional units. And they are harmless. Boards are so simple in their functionality, they are little affected by changes in functional units they are depending on. But functional units are implicitly dependent on more than nested functional units. They are also dependent on the data types of the wires attached to them: This is also natural and thus does not need to be made explicit. And it pertains mainly to parts being dependent. Since boards don´t do anything with regard to a problem domain, they don´t care much about data types. Their infrastructural purpose just needs types of input/output-pins to match.   Explicit Dependencies You could say, Flow-Orientation is about tackling complexity at its root cause: that´s dependencies. “Natural” dependencies are depicted naturally, i.e. implicitly. And whereever possible dependencies are not even created. Functional units don´t know their collaborators within a flow. This is core to Flow-Orientation. That makes for high composability of functional units. A part is as independent of other functional units as a motor is from the rest of the car. And a board is as dependend on nested functional units as a motor is on a spark plug or a crank shaft. With Flow-Design software development moves closer to how hardware is constructed. Implicit dependencies are not enough, though. Sometimes explicit dependencies make designs easier – as counterintuitive this might sound. So FD notation needs a ways to denote explicit dependencies: Data flows along wires. But data does not flow along dependency relations. Instead dependency relations represent service calls. Functional unit C is depending on/calling services on functional unit S. If you want to be more specific, name the services next to the dependency relation: Although you should try to stay clear of explicit dependencies, they are fundamentally ok. See them as a way to add another dimension to a flow. Usually the functionality of the independent FU (“Customer repository” above) is orthogonal to the domain of the flow it is referenced by. If you like emphasize this by using different shapes for dependent and independent FUs like above. Such dependencies can be used to link in resources like databases or shared in-memory state. FUs can not only produce output but also can have side effects. A common pattern for using such explizit dependencies is to hook a GUI into a flow as the source and/or the sink of data: Which can be shortened to: Treat FUs others depend on as boards (with a special non-FD API the dependent part is connected to), but do not embed them in a flow in the diagram they are depended upon.   Attributes of Functional Units Creation and usage of functional units can be modified with attributes. So far the following have shown to be helpful: Singleton: FUs are by default multitons. FUs in the same of different flows with the same name refer to the same functionality, but to different instances. Think of functional units as objects that get instanciated anew whereever they appear in a design. Sometimes though it´s helpful to reuse the same instance of a functional unit; this is always due to valuable state it holds. Signify this by annotating the FU with a “(S)”. Multiton: FUs on which others depend are singletons by default. This is, because they usually are introduced where shared state comes into play. If you want to change them to be a singletons mark them with a “(M)”. Configurable: Some parts need to be configured before the can do they work in a flow. Annotate them with a “(C)” to have them initialized before any data items to be processed by them arrive. Do not assume any order in which FUs are configured. How such configuration is happening is an implementation detail. Entry point: In each design there needs to be a single part where “it all starts”. That´s the entry point for all processing. It´s like Program.Main() in C# programs. Mark the entry point part with an “(E)”. Quite often this will be the GUI part. How the entry point is started is an implementation detail. Just consider it the first FU to start do its job.   Patterns / Standard Parts If more than a single wire is attached to an output-pin that´s called a split (or fork). The same data is flowing on all of the wires. Remember: Flow-Designs are synchronous by default. So a split does not mean data is processed in parallel afterwards. Processing still happens synchronously and thus one branch after another. Do not assume any specific order of the processing on the different branches after the split.   It is common to do a split and let only parts of the original data flow on through the branches. This effectively means a map is needed after a split. This map can be implicit or explicit.   Although FUs can have multiple input-pins it is preferrable in most cases to combine input data from different branches using an explicit join: The default output of a join is a tuple of its input values. The default behavior of a join is to output a value whenever a new input is received. However, to produce its first output a join needs an input for all its input-pins. Other join behaviors can be: reset all inputs after an output only produce output if data arrives on certain input-pins

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  • SonicPoint AP Clients Not Able To Connect With DHCP

    - by Mike Keller
    This is my first time setting up anything like this so please be gentle. I'm a web developer who fell into setting up a few SonicWall NSA 4200's... I've tried doing as much research on this through Google and ServerFault but haven't been able to hunt down an answer as to what I'm doing wrong. We've got two virtual access points set up here, one that is intended for employees (tied to X2) and the other for guests (tied to X2:V1). We are not using the DHCP server on the NSA 4200, but one already on the network. When a client connects to the employee SSID they are able to obtain a IP from the network's DHCP server. However when attempting to connect to the guest SSID the client does a search for a DHCP server but can't find one. Any clues, resources, answers would be appreciated.

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  • OpenLDAP and Samba, can't log onto Samba share from Windows

    - by Jakobud
    The former jackass IT-guy that I'm taking over for had a Samba share setup on a Fedora server that uses our OpenLDAP server to authenticate users who want to log in from Windows. We recently added a new employee and I jumped through the LDAP hoops to add them to the system. However, I can't seem to use their login to access the Samba share. I'm looking through the LDAP settings and Groups and comparing the new user account to existing ones, and I can't figure out what settings in LDAP are required for this user to be able to access the Samba share. Of course the former idiotic IT-guy didn't document a single thing and has all sorts of weird setups on the network. So I'm at a bit of a loss on knowing what to look for here. Where should I start? On the server that is hosting the Samba share, he has samba running obviously but also has smbldap-tools loaded as well.

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  • How does a company proxy server act in reporting internet usage of employees?

    - by Mehper C. Palavuzlar
    Our company recently set up a proxy server. As far as I understand, they want to apply some access policies to undesired sites, and log/audit the usage of the internet and generate employee internet usage reports. My question is related to the latter part. Before they were using a proxy server, they were also generating internet usage reports. At that point, what kind of contribution will the new proxy server make? Does it have further advantages on reporting internet usage?

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  • Restricting permissions to individual documents on SharePoint

    - by wahle509
    Here's what I'm trying to do: I would like to create a list of documents on a site in my company's SharePoint site. Each document should have specific user's permissions to view and edit it. For example: The list is for performance reports. John has his out there called "John_PR_09.docx". Only him and his supervisor should have permissions to view, edit, or do anything to it. And then another employee has hers out there with permissions for only her and her supervisor, and so on... I have tested this out with a document that I removed the groups and users from (since they inherit permissions from it's parent) and only gave my user account permissions to. I then asked someone else to try and open and she could, she even wrote "TEST" on the document and saved it. What am I doing wrong? I thought I stopped it from inheriting permissions from it's parent and only gave myself rights to edit it.

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  • Excel help vlookup

    - by user123953
    I need a little help with some excel Employee Locations Hours OT Mr.One Station 1 40 6 Mrs.Seven Station 2 30 6 Mr.Two Station 3 30 4 Mr.Three Station 4 40 4 Mrs.Eight Station 1 32 6 Mr.Four Station 2 32 7 Mrs.Nine Station 3 40 6 Mr.Five Station 4 40 7 Mr.Six Station 1 25 2 Mrs.Ten Station 2 40 3 Mr.Eleven Station 3 60 1 I have spreadsheet with to worksheets one is the data sheet (shown above) on the other sheet is a summary, that has the Locations column as data validation list. I wanna use the data validation list to pull all the people and info from a specific location. I tried using a vlookup put I only know how to use to pull one person at a time not a group of specific to a location.

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  • Streamline Active Directory account creation via automated web site

    - by SteveM82
    In my company we have high employee turnover, and hence our helpdesk receives about a dozen requests per week for new Active Directory accounts. Currently, we receive these requests simply via e-mail or voice-mail, and rarely do we have all of the information necessary to create the account. I would like to find a web application that can be used by a manager or supervisor to formalize the requests they make for AD accounts for new employees under their command. Ideally, the application would prompt for all of necessary information, and allow the helpdesk to review the requests and approve or deny each one. If approved, the application would take care of creating the account and send an e-mail to the manager. I have found several application on the Internet that handle self-service account management (i.e., password resets or update contact info), which is also nice to have, but nothing that streamlines the new account request and creation part. Can anyone make suggestions on such an application? Thanks.

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  • Enabling Session Directory under Terminal Server Configuration Tool and Server Settings

    - by LPE
    Yello, I'm trying to add up a Terminal Server Session Directory client to an already fully functional Session Directory cluster which today runs two clients as well as the server. I've been reading up on both Google, Microsoft KB's as well as old documentation from an earlier employee but to no avail. The step I'm stuck at is when I open up Terminal Server Configuration Tool (tscc.msc), chooses ServerSettings. I know there should be an option saying "Session Directory" on the right hand side along with Active Desktop, Licensing and whatnot, but it's not there. I've logged on to both the other already functional clients and checked the same list and there the Session Directory option sure is both visible as well as working good with the specified information. This picture is the same view that I'm looking at at the moment, but mine is missing the bottom option that says "Session Directory" http://www.inetnj.com/doc/images/TerminalServerConfiguration.jpg Any help would be greatly appriciated. Regards LPE

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  • Automatic time tracking with central server, web reports

    - by user124209
    I need a software for automatic time tracking on Windows. With the following features: It should record time spent using the computer each day. Start time and end time. It should record what programs the employee used and total time for that program for specified period of time. It must have a centralized server that collects and stores all data. It could be a cloud server outside of a company network. It must have a web interface for viewing the monthly reports (the last but the most important requirement!). A nice feature to have would be an automatic generation of timesheets and Mac OS X support. I am looking to use it for a small team, this is not for personal use. Does anybody knows about software with these features?

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  • Linux: Combine two partitions?

    - by Jakobud
    This workstation is running Fedora 11. It has 4 HDDs raided into 4 partitions: / (31 gig) /boot (134 meg) /data (140 gig) /FC12 (31 gig) The previous employee that used my current workstation set it up this way. He apparently created the FC12 partition to test a Fedora 12 installation. I don't need Fedora 12 so I wiped that partition and now I'm wondering if its possible for me to combine the /FC12 partition into the / partition, so that the / partition will now be 62 gigs. Is this possible? If so, how? Can it be done w/o reinstalling the OS? I've toyed with Fedora's LVM admin interface but it seems very basic and there doesn't seem to be anything about combining partitions. I've also messed with other HDD utilities that are in Fedora (Palimpsest Disk Utlity) but all it seems to be able to do is mount and umount partitions.

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  • EFI Partition Types

    - by Will
    Another employee was working with a mounted VHD and was using diskpart on it and I'm not sure if he messed something up or not. I think it's fine but I wanted to double check. We have a Windows 2008 x64 machine that boots with EFI because of the large disks in the system. What should the different labels be within Disk Manager for this system? Here is what is currently set: 200 MB Partition - EFI System Partition C Partition - Boot, Page File, Crash Dump There should not be an active partition under EFI, correct? Also, is there supposed to be a "System" label in addition to "EFI System Partition"?

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  • Skype companywide global contacts list

    - by Martin
    We are a medium sized company based across several sites and with a number of home workers. We have more or less settled on Skype as our defacto method of communication. At the moment the only pain is ensuring that everybody has all the other employees added to their contact list. Can be a real pain when a new employee starts and they have to send details to everyone else and vice versa. Is there a solution that allows us to manage a central contacts list that we can push out to new/existing users?

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  • Skype companywide global contacts list

    - by Martin
    We are a medium sized company based across several sites and with a number of home workers. We have more or less settled on Skype as our defacto method of communication. At the moment the only pain is ensuring that everybody has all the other employees added to their contact list. Can be a real pain when a new employee starts and they have to send details to everyone else and vice versa. Is there a solution that allows us to manage a central contacts list that we can push out to new/existing users?

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  • How can I correlate a wall jack to a user/machine on the domain?

    - by harryfino
    After reading Valve's new employee handbook, I was really interested in setting up a company map like they described on page 6: "The fact that everyone is always moving around within the company makes people hard to find. That’s why we have http://user — check it out. We know where you are based on where your machine is plugged in, so use this site to see a map of where everyone is right now." What I'm trying to figure out is: how I can tell which machine or domain user (either will do) is connected to a particular wall jack?

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