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• Delaying NIS & NFS startup till after network interface is fully ready on Fedora 17

  - by obmarg

  I've recently set up a fedora 17 server for our network, and I've been having trouble getting the NIS service to work on startup. Here's some logs from the system: Aug 21 12:57:12 cairnwell ypbind-pre-setdomain[718]: Setting NIS domain: 'indigo-nis' (environment variable) Aug 21 12:57:13 cairnwell ypbind: Binding NIS service Aug 21 12:57:13 cairnwell rpc.statd[730]: Unable to prune capability 0 from bounding set: Operation not permitted Aug 21 12:57:13 cairnwell systemd[1]: nfs-lock.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Aug 21 12:57:13 cairnwell systemd[1]: Unit nfs-lock.service entered failed state. Aug 21 12:57:14 cairnwell setroubleshoot: SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/rpc.statd from using the setpcap capability. For complete SELinux messages. run sealert -l 024bba8a-b0ef-43dc-b195-5c9a2d4c4d41 Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell kernel: [ 18.822282] bnx2 0000:02:00.0: em1: NIC Copper Link is Up, 1000 Mbps full duplex Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell kernel: [ 18.822925] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): em1: link becomes ready Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell NetworkManager[621]: <info> (em1): carrier now ON (device state 20) Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell NetworkManager[621]: <info> (em1): device state change: unavailable -> disconnected (reason 'carrier-changed') [20 30 40] Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell NetworkManager[621]: <info> Auto-activating connection 'System em1'. Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell NetworkManager[621]: <info> Activation (em1) starting connection 'System em1' Aug 21 12:57:15 cairnwell NetworkManager[621]: <info> (em1): device state change: disconnected -> prepare (reason 'none') [30 40 0] ....... Aug 21 12:57:19 cairnwell sendmail[790]: YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound Aug 21 12:57:26 cairnwell sendmail[790]: YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound Aug 21 12:57:31 cairnwell sendmail[790]: YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound Aug 21 12:57:35 cairnwell sendmail[790]: YPBINDPROC_DOMAIN: Domain not bound Aug 21 12:58:00 cairnwell ypbind: Binding took 47 seconds Aug 21 12:58:00 cairnwell ypbind: NIS server for domain indigo-nis is not responding. Aug 21 12:58:01 cairnwell ypbind: Killing ypbind with PID 733. Aug 21 12:58:01 cairnwell ypbind-post-waitbind[734]: /usr/lib/ypbind/ypbind-post-waitbind: line 51: kill: SIGTERM: invalid signal specification Aug 21 12:58:01 cairnwell systemd[1]: ypbind.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Aug 21 12:58:01 cairnwell systemd[1]: Unit ypbind.service entered failed state. By the looks of these logs the ypbind service is starting up at 12:57:12 but the network interface isn't coming up till 12:57:15. My guess is that this is causing ypbind to time out when trying to connect. As a knock-on effect the NIS failure is causing problems with NFS which is no longer able to map UIDs properly. This problem doesn't seem to be fixed by actually starting ypbind etc. so I've had to set all my NFS shares to noauto. I have tried manually adding NETWORKDELAY and NETWORKWAIT in /etc/sysconfig/network and also running systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service as I've seen suggested in some places, but neither of these have had any effect. It is relatively easy to fix manually by restarting ypbind & mounting NFS shares after the network has started up, but it's less than ideal to have to do this every time the server has been rebooted. Does anyone know of an easy (and preferably hack-free) way of delaying the ypbind startup till after the network interface is fully ready?

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• Linux pptp client stops working after several hours

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  Here's the situation: Setup: 1 Windows Server 2008 machine acting as a Domain Controller and RRAS server 1 CentOS machine in a datacentre located elsewhere PPTP client running on CentOS machine, connected to the DC via When I connect to the DC, everything is working fine. I have set up a static IP for the dialup connection in my RRAS server so that the CentOS machine is automatically assigned the IP 192.168.1.240. Inside the VPN, it is not possible to access this machine on the local IP-address. Perfect. However, after several hours, it simply seems to stop working (IE: I cannot ping to or from this machine on the local network). The strange thing is, however: The DC shows the VPN client as still being connected The CentOS machine shows the network interface as being up There are no entries in my /var/log/messages that indicate a problem Output from ifconfig: ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:192.168.1.240 P-t-P:192.168.1.160 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1396 Metric:1 RX packets:43 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:4511 (4.4 KiB) TX bytes:15071 (14.7 KiB) Output from route -n: 192.168.1.160 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 I have the following in my ip-up.local: route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ppp0 The situation can be easily fixed by issueing a killall pppd and re-connecting. However, I obviously do not want to do this every X-hours or so. I have tried running pppd with both the debug as the kdebug flag but cannot find the cause of this problem. Currently, my ppp0 network interface seems to be running and the last log lines mentioning it are: Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: local IP address 192.168.1.240 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: remote IP address 192.168.1.160 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up started (pid 10952) Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up finished (pid 10952), status = 0x0 Feb 19 14:11:27 graviton pptp[10935]: anon log[decaps_gre:pptp_gre.c:414]: buffering packet 190 (expecting 189, lost or reordered) Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:13:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:14:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:15:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:16:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:679]: no more Echo Reply/Request packets will be reported. I have enabled the persist option. The network interface is still running, but it is still impossible to send data through the VPN. Any help is appreciated.

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• Hosting a subversion working copy in an remote WebDAV folder

  - by Daniel Baulig

  This might be a bit awkward, but I'll try to explain what I am trying to achieve and what problems I encountered. First of all: whats this about? I am currently trying to set up a distributed working enviroment for developing a web page. My plan was to setup a SVN repository for version control, a live server where the actual live page ist hosted and a development server where I can work on the page. To ease things I intended to not have a local copy of the project on my disk, but to actually work directy on the files, that the development server hosts. For that I setup a WebDAV directory, under devserver.com/workspace, that actually mapped to files served under devserver.com/. So I could connect to devserver.com/workspace, change something and view the results live at devserver.com/. So far this worked perfectly. The next step was to create a SVN repository that would take care of my version control. I intended to be able to checkin to the reposiroty from my development server and at any time, with a small shell script, deploy any revision from the svn to the live server by checking out a copy of the revision into the live server directories. The second part, checking out into the live server, also worked perfectly. The first part though is where problems arose: My workstation is a Windows 7 machine. I connected to the WebDAV share using Windows built-in WebDAV support, which worked quite well. I can create, move, delete, edit, whatever files on my WebDAV share from my Windows machine perfectly. The next step was to checkout a working copy from the SVN (actually hosted at devserver.com/subversion/) into the WebDAV share. In the first try I used the Eclipse plugin subversive. The actual checkout worked fine and I can update and commit stuff to the repository, however, I cannot add any files to the ignore list. It always brings me an error. So I tried the same thing with a complete fresh repository using TortoiseSVN - and again it failed with the same errors. Here is what it says when trying to add files to svnignore: Some of selected resources were not added to ignore. svn: Cannot rename file '\\devserver.com@SSL\DavWWWRoot\workspace\.svn\tmp\dir-props.66fd8936-2701-0010-bb76-472f0b56a5d1.tmp' to '\\devserver.com@SSL\DavWWWRoot\workspace\.svn\tmp\dir-props' This is what apache2 tells me, when I try to add a file to svnignore: [Sun Mar 07 03:54:19 2010] [error] [client xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] Negotiation: discovered file(s) matching request: /var/www/devserver.com/.svn/tmp/dir-props (None could be negotiated). [Sun Mar 07 03:54:31 2010] [error] [client xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] (20)Not a directory: The URL contains extraneous path components. The resource could not be identified. [400, #0] Actually both messages are repeated several times. The first one occurs first and is repeated about 5 times and the second comes there after and is repeated propably more than 20 times. If I create a regular file, delete, rename or modify it none of those messages appear in my error.log While writing this question now I was able to add fils to svnignore using TortoiseSVN. However, after that, Eclipse would not let me commit anymore. The error that used to pop up when adding files to svnignore now also shows up while commiting. While searching the web I found some people having this same message appearing because they had files only different in upper- / lower-case naming. I checked my repository and did not find such files. I also read somewhere about people having troubles with WebDAV and file locking, because WebDAV's file locking capabilities seem to be very limited. At some stage I got errors telling me my repository was locked and thus the operations could not be completed. This error though did not appear anymore, since I setup a completely fresh repository and working copy. I would really appreciate any help anyone can provide me in fixing this problem! If there are any more questions feel free to ask. I know this is a somewhat unusual setup. Best regards, Daniel

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• How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

  - by T.J. Crowder

  One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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• Recommendations for distributed processing/distributed storage systems

  - by Eddie

  At my organization we have a processing and storage system spread across two dozen linux machines that handles over a petabyte of data. The system right now is very ad-hoc; processing automation and data management is handled by a collection of large perl programs on independent machines. I am looking at distributed processing and storage systems to make it easier to maintain, evenly distribute load and data with replication, and grow in disk space and compute power. The system needs to be able to handle millions of files, varying in size between 50 megabytes to 50 gigabytes. Once created, the files will not be appended to, only replaced completely if need be. The files need to be accessible via HTTP for customer download. Right now, processing is automated by perl scripts (that I have complete control over) which call a series of other programs (that I don't have control over because they are closed source) that essentially transforms one data set into another. No data mining happening here. Here is a quick list of things I am looking for: Reliability: These data must be accessible over HTTP about 99% of the time so I need something that does data replication across the cluster. Scalability: I want to be able to add more processing power and storage easily and rebalance the data on across the cluster. Distributed processing: Easy and automatic job scheduling and load balancing that fits with processing workflow I briefly described above. Data location awareness: Not strictly required but desirable. Since data and processing will be on the same set of nodes I would like the job scheduler to schedule jobs on or close to the node that the data is actually on to cut down on network traffic. Here is what I've looked at so far: Storage Management: GlusterFS: Looks really nice and easy to use but doesn't seem to have a way to figure out what node(s) a file actually resides on to supply as a hint to the job scheduler. GPFS: Seems like the gold standard of clustered filesystems. Meets most of my requirements except, like glusterfs, data location awareness. Ceph: Seems way to immature right now. Distributed processing: Sun Grid Engine: I have a lot of experience with this and it's relatively easy to use (once it is configured properly that is). But Oracle got its icy grip around it and it no longer seems very desirable. Both: Hadoop/HDFS: At first glance it looked like hadoop was perfect for my situation. Distributed storage and job scheduling and it was the only thing I found that would give me the data location awareness that I wanted. But I don't like the namename being a single point of failure. Also, I'm not really sure if the MapReduce paradigm fits the type of processing workflow that I have. It seems like you need to write all your software specifically for MapReduce instead of just using Hadoop as a generic job scheduler. OpenStack: I've done some reading on this but I'm having trouble deciding if it fits well with my problem or not. Does anyone have opinions or recommendations for technologies that would fit my problem well? Any suggestions or advise would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• NTFS Permissions - Access Denied even though Explicit Allow and no Deny

  - by chris613

  I'm hoping someone can help me with this NTFS permissions problem. The short version is that I can't write a new file in F:\SomeDir even though I seem to be granted full permissions via both the "Domain Admins" group and a second unprivileged group. The "Effective Permissions" tab in the explorer permissions UI shows that I have full control, and there are no "Deny"s anywhere in the ACL or anything else that looks unusual. I am logged into the machine over RDP and accessing the disk directly, not through a share. F:\SomeDir>set U USERDNSDOMAIN=THEOFFICE.LOCAL USERDOMAIN=THEOFFICE USERNAME=thisisme USERPROFILE=C:\Users\thisisme F:\SomeDir>icacls . . BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(F) CREATOR OWNER:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) THEOFFICE\Domain Admins:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(OI)(CI)(IO)(F) BUILTIN\Users:(I)(OI)(CI)(RX) Successfully processed 1 files; Failed processing 0 files F:\SomeDir>net group /domain "Domain Admins" The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain THEOFFICE.local. Group name Domain Admins Comment Designated administrators of the domain Members ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Administrator thatguy thisisme The command completed successfully. F:\SomeDir>echo "whyUNoCreateFile?" > whyUNoCreateFile.txt Access is denied. I searched for answers and came across similar problems that lead to UAC (ex. Why does removing the EVERYONE group prevent domain admins from accessing a drive? ). I can't turn off UAC at the moment, so I try a "regular" group that I'm also part of. This group has no special rights assignments and is not part of any administrative groups. Still no dice: [***** This one command executed in an elevated shell *****] F:\SomeDir>icacls . /grant THEOFFICE\iteveryone:(OI)(CI)F processed file: . Successfully processed 1 files; Failed processing 0 files F:\SomeDir>net group /domain "iteveryone" The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain THEOFFICE.local. Group name ITeveryone Comment Members ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Administrator thatguy thisisme otherguy someitguy The command completed successfully. F:\ScanningVMsForIBM>echo y > u Access is denied. As you can see, using a "regular" group didn't help. I have logged out and back in to the server to ensure my login token is up to date, and at any rate I belonged to these groups before the server was created. If I grant explicit permission to myself, it does allow me to write files: [***** This one command executed in an elevated shell *****] F:\SomeDir>icacls . /grant THEOFFICE\thisisme:(OI)(CI)F processed file: . Successfully processed 1 files; Failed processing 0 files F:\SomeDir>echo y > u F:\SomeDir>type u y My requirement is for the "Domain Admins" group to have Full Control, or if that's not possible without disabling UAC, then a second group will do, but I can't get either to work. I'm really stumped. Can someone please point out what I could be overlooking?

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• Riak "error":"insufficient_vnodes_available"

  - by Wolfiem

  We have 4 nodes Riak installation. They are running on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise installed servers. We have installed 1.1.4 at August 1st 2012 and upgraded 1.2.0 when its available. Server names are: f1 - 10.10.0.12 - This is the first installed server. We have joined other ones to this server. This also serves Riak control. s2 - 10.10.0.22 - s3 - 10.10.0.23 - s4 - 10.10.0.24 - This server also serves Riak control. This morning we've seen "insufficient nodes available" error at our applications log and restarted all nodes. 3 of them became available except "f1" UPDATE : while I prepare this message live 3 nodes became unavailable and need restart Riak. wolfiem@f01:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/riak start Riak failed to start within 15 seconds, see the output of 'riak console' for more information. If you want to wait longer, set the environment variable WAIT_FOR_ERLANG to the number of seconds to wait. I've tried to set WAIT_FOR_ERLANG value to 60 seconds but I can't. adding this line in vm.args didn't work: -env WAIT_FOR_ERLANG 60 I also tried to set this from terminal but it didn't work either. wolfiem@f01:~$ export WAIT_FOR_ERLANG=60 It still says "Riak failed to start within 15 seconds" This is the console.log output: 2012-09-11 10:58:02.532 [info] <0.7.0> Application lager started on node '[email protected]' 2012-09-11 10:58:02.560 [warning] <0.148.0>@riak_core_ring_manager:reload_ring:231 No ring file available. 2012-09-11 10:58:02.585 [error] <0.164.0> CRASH REPORT Process <0.164.0> with 0 neighbours exited with reason: eaddrnotavail in gen_server:init_it/6 line 320 This is the error.log output 2012-09-11 10:58:02.585 [error] <0.164.0> CRASH REPORT Process <0.164.0> with 0 neighbours exited with reason: eaddrnotavail in gen_server:init_it/6 line 320 This is the crash.log output: 2012-09-11 10:58:02 =CRASH REPORT==== crasher: initial call: mochiweb_socket_server:init/1 pid: <0.164.0> registered_name: [] exception exit: {eaddrnotavail,[{gen_server,init_it,6,[{file,"gen_server.erl"},{line,320}]},{proc_lib,init_p_do_apply,3,[{file,"proc_lib.erl"},{line,227}]}]} ancestors: [riak_core_sup,<0.135.0>] messages: [] links: [<0.136.0>] dictionary: [] trap_exit: true status: running heap_size: 377 stack_size: 24 reductions: 403 neighbours: You can find the riak console output below: wolfiem@f01:~$ riak console Attempting to restart script through sudo -H -u riak Exec: /usr/lib/riak/erts-5.9.1/bin/erlexec -boot /usr/lib/riak/releases/1.2.0/riak -embedded -config /etc/riak/app.config -pa /usr/lib/riak/basho-patches -args_file /etc/riak/vm.args -- console Root: /usr/lib/riak Erlang R15B01 (erts-5.9.1) [source] [64-bit] [smp:8:8] [async-threads:64] [kernel-poll:true] =INFO REPORT==== 11-Sep-2012::10:44:18 === alarm_handler: {set,{system_memory_high_watermark,[]}} ** /usr/lib/riak/lib/observer-1.1/ebin/etop_txt.beam hides /usr/lib/riak/lib/basho-patches/etop_txt.beam ** Found 1 name clashes in code paths 10:44:19.099 [info] Application lager started on node '[email protected]' 10:44:19.130 [warning] No ring file available. 10:44:19.158 [error] CRASH REPORT Process <0.164.0> with 0 neighbours exited with reason: eaddrnotavail in gen_server:init_it/6 line 320 /usr/lib/riak/lib/os_mon-2.2.9/priv/bin/memsup: Erlang has closed. =INFO REPORT==== 11-Sep-2012::10:44:19 === alarm_handler: {clear,system_memory_high_watermark} Erlang has closed {"Kernel pid terminated",application_controller,"{application_start_failure,riak_core,{shutdown,{riak_core_app,start,[normal,[]]}}}"} Crash dump was written to: /var/log/riak/erl_crash.dump Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) ({application_start_failure,riak_core,{shutdown,{riak_core_app,start,[normal,[]]}}})

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• A faulty Caviar Blue hard drive?

  - by Glister

  We have a small "homemade" server running fully updated Debian Wheezy (amd64). One hard drive installed: WDC WD6400AAKS. The motherboard is ASUS M4N68T V2. The usual load: CPU: an average of 20% Each week about 50GB of additional space is occupied. About 47GB of uploaded files and 3GB of MySQL data. I'm afraid that the hard drive may be about to fail. I saw Pre-fail on few places when I ran: root@SERVER:/tmp# smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Blue Serial ATA Device Model: WDC WD6400AAKS-XXXXXXX Serial Number: WD-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee XXXXXXXXXXXXX Firmware Version: 01.03B01 User Capacity: 640,135,028,736 bytes [640 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Mon Oct 28 18:55:27 2013 UTC SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x85) Offline data collection activity was aborted by an interrupting command from host. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 247) Self-test routine in progress... 70% of test remaining. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (11580) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 136) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x303f) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 157 146 021 Pre-fail Always - 5108 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2968 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 051 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 079 079 000 Old_age Always - 15445 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 051 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 051 Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2950 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 426 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2968 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 111 095 000 Old_age Always - 36 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 160 000 Old_age Always - 21716 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 051 Old_age Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15444 - Error SMART Read Selective Self-Test Log failed: scsi error aborted command Smartctl: SMART Selective Self Test Log Read Failed root@SERVER:/tmp# In one tutorial I read that the pre-fail is a an indication of coming failure, in another tutorial I read that it is not true. Can you guys help me decode the output of smartctl? It would be also nice to share suggestions what should I do if I want to ensure data integrity (about 50GB of new data each week, up to 2TB for the whole period I'm interested in). Maybe I will go with 2x2TB Caviar Black in RAID4?

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• Cannot read status the monit daemon, even with allowed group

  - by jefflunt

  I cannot seem to get monit status or other CLI commands to work. I've built monit v5.8 to run on a Raspberry Pi. I'm able to add services to be monitored, and the web interface can be accessed just fine, as I've set it up for public read-only access (it's a test server, not my final production setup, so not a big deal right now). Problem is, when I run monit status while logged in as root I get: # monit status monit: cannot read status from the monit daemon I also have monit started on boot via this /etc/inittab file entry: mo:2345:respawn:/usr/local/bin/monit -Ic /etc/monitrc I've verified that monit is running, and I'm getting email alerts anytime I either kill the monit process manually, or reboot my raspberry pi. So, next I check my monitrc file permissions to see which group is allowed access. # ls -al /etc/monitrc -rw------- 1 root root 2359 Aug 24 14:48 /etc/monitrc Here's my relevant allow section of the control file. set httpd port 80 allow [omitted] readonly allow @root allow localhost allow 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 Also tried setting permissions on this file to 640 to allow group read permissions, but no matter what I try I either get the same error as noted above, or when the permissions are set to 640 I get: # monit status monit: The control file '/etc/monitrc' must have permissions no more than -rwx------ (0700); right now permissions are -rw-r----- (0640). What am I missing here? I know that the httpd must be enabled, as that's the interface that the CLI uses to get information (or so I've read), so I've done that. And in terms of monit doing its monitoring job and sending email alerts, that's all working as well. Here's my entire monitrc file - again, this is version v5.8, and it was build with both PAM and SSL support. The process runs under the root user: # Global settings set daemon 300 with start delay 5 set logfile /var/log/monit.log set pidfile /var/run/monit.pid set idfile /var/run/.monit.id set statefile /var/run/.monit.state # Mail alerts ## Set the list of mail servers for alert delivery. Multiple servers may be ## specified using a comma separator. If the first mail server fails, Monit # will use the second mail server in the list and so on. By default Monit uses # port 25 - it is possible to override this with the PORT option. # set mailserver smtp.gmail.com port 587 username [omitted] password [omitted] using tlsv1 ## Send status and events to M/Monit (for more informations about M/Monit ## see http://mmonit.com/). By default Monit registers credentials with ## M/Monit so M/Monit can smoothly communicate back to Monit and you don't ## have to register Monit credentials manually in M/Monit. It is possible to ## disable credential registration using the commented out option below. ## Though, if safety is a concern we recommend instead using https when ## communicating with M/Monit and send credentials encrypted. # # set mmonit http://monit:[email protected]:8080/collector # # and register without credentials # Don't register credentials # # ## Monit by default uses the following format for alerts if the the mail-format ## statement is missing:: set mail-format { from: [email protected] subject: $SERVICE $DESCRIPTION message: $EVENT Service: $SERVICE Date: $DATE Action: $ACTION Host: $HOST Description: $DESCRIPTION Monit instance provided by chicagomeshnet.com } # Web status page set httpd port 80 allow [omitted] readonly allow @root allow localhost allow 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 ## You can set alert recipients whom will receive alerts if/when a ## service defined in this file has errors. Alerts may be restricted on ## events by using a filter as in the second example below.

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• Performing mechanical movements using computer

  - by Vi

  How to make a computer (in particular, my laptop) to perform some mechanical movements without buying anything $5, soldering things inside computer or creating big sophisticated circuits? Traditionally CD-ROM tray is used to make computer do some movement IRL by, for example, SSH command, but in laptop tray is one-shot (unless manually reloaded) and also not very comfortable [mis]usage. Some assistance circuits can be in use too, but not complex. For example, there is a little motor that can work on USB power. Devices in my computer: DVD-ROM tray: one-time push. USB power: continuous power to the motor or LEDS or relay that turns on something powerful. Audio card. 3 outputs (modprobe alsa model=test can set Mic and Line-in as additional output). One controllable DC output (microphone) that can power up LED and some electronic (may be even mechanic?) relay. Also with sophisticated additional circuiting can control a lot of devices with a good precision. Both input and output support. Probably the most useful object in computer for radio ham. Modem. Don't know about this much, it doesn't work because of hsfmodem crashes kernel if memory is = 1GB. May be it's "pick up" and "hang up" can turn on and off power taken from USB port? Video card. VGA port? S-Video port? Will them be useful? Backlight. Tunable, but probably unuseful. CardBus (or some) slot. Nothing interesting for the task probably (is it?). AC adapter and battery. Probably nothing programmable here. /* My AC adapter already have additional jacks to connect extra devics */ Keyboard. No use. Touchpad. Good sensor (synclient -m 1), but no output. Various LEDs inside laptop. Probably too weak and requires soldering. Fans inside laptop. Poor control over them, requires soldering and dangerous to tinker. HDD (internal and external) that can be spin down and up (hdparm -Y, cat /dev/ubb). But connecting anything serially with it's power line makes HDD underpowered... And too complex. Is something are missed? Any ideas how to use described components? Any other ideas? May be there are easily available /* in developing countries */ cheap devices like "enhanced multimeters" that are controllable from computer and can provide configurable output and measure current and other things? Things to aid pushing many physical buttons with computer. Isn't this a simple idea and implementation and a lot of use in good hands?

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• Configuring Wireless on Cisco 851W

  - by Aequitarum Custos

  Either a powersurge or something caused our router's configuration to get wiped, and our last backup was before the wireless network was setup. We have not been able to reconfigure the wireless since then, so was curious if anyone here would be able to determine what configuration is needed. We are using a Cisco 851W running 12.4(15)T9 We would like to use WPA encryption, and have it on the same network as the rest of the office network. Config file is below: User Access Verification Building configuration... Current configuration : 3857 bytes ! version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption no service dhcp ! hostname BOB ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! enable secret 5 ********************* ! no aaa new-model ! ! dot11 syslog no ip source-route ! ! ip cef no ip bootp server ip domain name BOB.com ip name-server 61.11.1.1 ip name-server 61.11.1.2 ! ! ! username BOBB privilege 15 password 7 ************************* ! ! archive log config hidekeys ! ! ip tcp synwait-time 10 ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet1 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet2 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet3 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet4 description WAN Connection$ETH-WAN$ ip address 61.11.1.14 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address shutdown ! encryption mode ciphers tkip speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no cdp enable bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding ! interface Dot11Radio0.20 ip access-group Guest-ACL in no cdp enable ! interface Vlan1 description Internal Network ip address 192.168.2.60 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip nat enable ip virtual-reassembly ! ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 61.11.2.14 ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip nat inside source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ! ip access-list extended Guest-ACL deny ip any 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 permit ip any any ! access-list 1 permit 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark SDM_ACL Category=2 access-list 100 permit ip 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any no cdp run ! control-plane ! !

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• what is the best mid/high-end class audio/music creation audio sound card?

  - by Chris

  Hello, I have a computershop myself, and I repair computers. But one of the things I really don't know (yet) is the performace od audio cards for music creation with midi. I have searched and searched and came up with some good reviews, but after browsing for a couple of hours I could't see the trees trough the forrest :-D (it's a dutch expression) At one moment I thought the M-Audio - Delta 1010LT would be a good PCIe card, later on I read that this card was released years ago. (but that could be false information) Also any personal expierence would be great, but not necessairy. I have searched a few cards, and I hope someone can help me make a choice for a friend of mine. He's buget is between $100 and $350 I know there are audio cards from $ 500 - $1850,- this is just too expensive. The following specs are crucial: ASIO Midi Mic in minimal 5.1, 7.1 recommended it's not for airplay, but just to compose music at home. using Ableton and midi keyboard. 1. M-Audio - Delta 1010LT: 8 x 8 analog I/O 2 mic preamps or line inputs S/PDIF digital I/O (coaxial) with 2-channel PCM SCMS copy protection control digital I/O supports surround-encoded AC-3 and DTS pass-through 1 x 1 MIDI I/O directly drive up to 7.1 surround (bass management software included) software controlled 36-bit internal DSP digital mixing/routing +4dbu/-10dBV operation individually switched in software word clock I/O for sample accurate device synchronization 2. RME HDSP 9632: * Stereo Analog Ein- und Ausgang, symmetrisch*, 24-Bit/192kHz, > 110 dB SNR * Optionale Erweiterungsboards mit je 4 symmetrischen Ein- und Ausgängen * Alle analogen I/Os voll 192 kHz-fähig, also keine Reduzierung der Kanalzahl * 1 x ADAT Digital In/Out, 96 kHz-fähig (S/MUX) * 1 x SPDIF Digital In/Out, 192 kHz-fähig * 1 x Breakout Kabel für koaxialen SPDIF-Betrieb* * Also bis zu 16 Ein-und Ausgänge gleichzeitig nutzbar! * 1 x Stereo Kopfhörerausgang, parallel zum analogen Ausgang, aber eigene Pegelanpassung * 1 x MIDI I/O für 16 Kanäle Hi-Speed MIDI über Breakout Kabel * DIGICheck, RMEs einzigartiges Meter- und Analysetool mit Spectral Analyser, Professionelle Level Meter 2/8/16-Kanalig, Vector Audio Scope und diversen weiteren Analysefunktionen * HDSP Meter Bridge: Frei skalierbare Levelmeter mit Peak- und RMS Berechnung in Hardware * TotalMix: 512-Kanal Mischer mit 40 Bit interner Auflösung 3. EMU 1212M (1212 M) PCIe: * Top kwaliteit convertors 24-bit/192kHz convertors. * Hardware gestuurde effecten. * DSP zero-latency hardware mixen en monitoring. * Analoge en digitale I/O plus MIDI. * EMU Production Tools Software Bundle - Cakewalk SONAR , Steinberg Cubase LE, Ableton Live E-MU Edition **EMU 1212M PCI-e inputs/outputs:** * 2 balanced jack inputs. * 2 balanced jack outputs. * 24-bit/192kHz ADAT I/O. * 24-bit/192kHz Coaxiale S/PDif I/O switchable to AES/EBU. * MIDI I/O. 4. M-Audio Audiophile 192: - Up to 24-bit/192kHz audio - 2 balanced analog inputs (1/4” TRS) - 2 balanced analog outputs (1/4” TRS) - S/PDIF digital I/O (coaxial RCA connectors) with 2-channel PCM - SCMS copy protection control - Digital I/O supports surround-encoded AC-3 and DTS pass-through - Direct hardware input monitoring via separate balanced 1/4” TRS monitor outputs - Software routing of inputs and outputs - Digital I/O can be routed to/from external effects - 16-channel MIDI I/O - ASIO, WDM, GSIF 2 and Core Audio driver support for compatibility with most applications - 64-bit driver support for Windows - PCI 2.2 compatibility - Apple G5 compatible - Incompatible exceptions - Includes Ableton Live Lite music production software, so you can make music right away - Works with other Delta cards Technical Specifcations: - Compatibility - ASIO - WDM - GSIF 2 - Core Audio

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• iCloud stuff stops working while connected to OpenVPN

  - by Taco Bob

  I have a fairly simple OpenVPN setup on an OpenVZ VPS with Ubuntu 11.10. Client is the Viscosity client on Mac OS X 10.8.2, and after some testing, we can rule out the client as being part of the problem. Everything has been working fine except for Apple's iCloud stuff. Web surfing, email, FTP, NNTP, and Skype are all working as expected. It's ONLY the iCloud services that cease to function. If I connect to the VPN, iCloud stuff stops working. I no longer get anything in Messages, Calendar items don't get updated, and Notifications stop working. If I disconnect, the iCloud stuff all starts working. Connect again, iCloud stops working. Here's the server.conf: status openvpn-status.log log /var/log/openvpn.log verb 4 port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/dh1024.pem server 10.9.8.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1" push “dhcp-option DNS 10.9.8.1? keepalive 10 120 duplicate-cn cipher BF-CBC comp-lzo user nobody group nogroup persist-key persist-tun tun-mtu 1500 mssfix 1400 I'm using iptables in a script, and it's also fairly simplistic. iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o venet0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i venet0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.9.8.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source <server's public ip> echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward I tried forwarding ports as well, with no success. iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d 10.9.8.0/24 --dport 5222:5230 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 5222:5230 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.9.8.6 I am also sometimes behind a double-NAT situation that I have no control over. Client -> work VPN -> my OpenVPN box -> Internet. Client -> Airport Express -> ISP (which is doing NAT) -> my OpenVPN box -> Internet. Those two situations are just the fact of life where I am, and I cannot change them. I do have full control over my client and the OpenVPN server. I am completely out of ideas. I have posted a similar query at the OpenVPN forums, but it hasn't posted yet and seems to be in their moderation queue still. Tried on freenode irc channels, but nobody is awake, so here I am. I have Googled extensively for this, and can find nothing that is related. Help me get iCloud stuff working again! (I tried serverfault, it was closed as off-topic. I'm trying here and the Unix site as well. Here because it's a more general audience that might know more about OpenVPN based on the number of questions I see asked about it) EDIT: -I have also tried upgrading to Version: 2.3-beta1-debian0 - issue persists. -Removed all iptables rules except for the ones that flush -left this rule:iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.9.8.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source (server ip) -added iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT still, nothing works. I can see traffic in tcpdump on the server if i watch the tunnel: 20:03:48.702835 IP nk11p01st-courier105-bz.push.apple.com.5223 10.9.8.6.60772: Flags [F.], seq 2635, ack 1218, win 76, options [nop,nop,TS val 914984811 ecr 745921298], length 0 20:03:48.911244 IP 10.9.8.6.60772 nk11p01st-courier105-bz.push.apple.com.5223: Flags [R], seq 3621143451, win 0, length 0 But still, no push messages/notifications are ever delivered. :/ EDIT: * Further testing indicates that it might actually be the client after all.

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• centos6.3 varnish3.03 get the wrong backend

  - by Sola.Shawn

  I install varnish3.03 with yum! I got a problem with it my varnish config bellow:** # #backend weibo { .host = "192.168.1.178"; .port = "8080"; .connect_timeout=20s; .first_byte_timeout=20s; .between_bytes_timeout=20s; } #backend smth { .host = "192.168.1.115"; .port = "8080"; .connect_timeout=20s; .first_byte_timeout=20s; .between_bytes_timeout=20s; } #sub vcl_recv { if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { # /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */ return(pipe); } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { # /* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */ return(pass); } if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie) { /* Not cacheable by default */ return(pass); } if (req.http.host ~ "^(hk.)?weibo.com"){ set req.http.host = "hk.weibo.com"; set req.backend = weibo; } elseif (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?newsmth.net"){ set req.http.host = "www.newsmth.net"; set req.backend = smth; } else { error 404 "Unknown virtual host"; } return(lookup); } ##sub vcl_pipe { return(pipe); } #sub vcl_pass { return(pass); } #sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if(req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return(hash); } #sub vcl_hit { if(req.http.Cache-Control~"no-cache"||req.http.Cache-Control~"max-age=0"||req.http.Pragma~"no-cache"){ set obj.ttl=0s; return (restart); } return(deliver); } #sub vcl_miss { return(fetch); } #sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.ttl <= 120s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") { /* * Mark as "Hit-For-Pass" for the next 2 minutes */ set beresp.ttl = 10s; return (hit_for_pass); } return(deliver); } #sub vcl_deliver { return(deliver); } #sub vcl_init { return(ok); } #sub vcl_fini { return(ok); } and my Win7's hosts file add bellow: 192.168.1.178 www.newsmth.net 192.168.1.178 hk.weibo.com start varnish varnishd -f /etc/varnish/dd.vcl -s malloc,100M -a 0.0.0.0:8000 -T 0.0.0.0:3500<br> but when I access the "hk.weibo.com:8000" it fine, and got: Hello,I am hk.weibo.com! but when access http://www.newsmth.net:8000/, got: Hello,I am hk.weibo.com! <br> My question is why it isn't "Hello,I am www.newsmth.net!"? varnish fetched the content from the wrong backend. Does anyone know how to fix this?

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• Postfix not sending/allowing receiving of messages after server (hardware) changed

  - by 537mfb

  We had na old notebook runing Ubuntu 12.04 working as a web/ftp/mail server and it worked but since the notebook was a notebook and pretty old and unreliable, a desktop was bought to replace it before it stopped working all together. Due to issues with the new desktop's vídeo card, we couldn't use Ubuntu 12.04 so we installed Ubuntu 13.10 and wen't about configuring it. Since we removed the notebook from the network, we kept the same Computer Name and local IP address to make things as close to the old server as possible configuration-wise. However, something has gone wrong since Postfix is throwing error 451 4.3.0 lookup faillure on every attempt to send a mail, and no email can be received either. Our main.cf file is a copy of the one we were using (and working) on the old server (notice we use EHCP) # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name powered by Easy Hosting Control Panel (ehcp) on Ubuntu, www.ehcp.net biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no myhostname = m21-traducoes.com.pt relayhost = mydestination = localhost, 89.152.248.139 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/16, 10.0.0.0/8, 89.152.248.0/24 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf transport_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,check_client_access hash:/var/lib/pop-before-smtp/hosts,reject_unauth_destination smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom virtual_create_maildirsize = yes virtual_mailbox_extended = yes virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes virtual_maildir_limit_message = "The user you are trying to reach is over quota." virtual_overquota_bounce = yes debug_peer_list = sender_canonical_maps = debug_peer_level = 1 proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps $transport_maps alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated,check_client_access hash:/var/lib/pop-before-smtp/hosts,reject_unauth_destination smtpd_destination_concurrency_limit = 2 smtpd_destination_rate_delay = 1s smtpd_extra_recipient_limit = 10 disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_error_sleep_time = 1s smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 20 This configuration was working before but now everytime i try to send a mail in squirrelmail it reports: Message not sent. Server replied: Requested action aborted: error in processing 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure And i can't send mail to it from outsider either. Any ideas? EDIT: Here are some issues MXToolBox reports to my domain, answering hopefully to @Teun Vink: BlackList Mail Server Web Server DNS Error 4 0 2 0 Warnings 0 0 0 3 Passed 0 6 3 12 So the domain is on some blacklist, but that doesn't explain the error at all No mail server issues found (except it's not working) Those two web server errors it's because i don't have HTTPS workin (No SSL Certificate) so the test fails Those 3 DNS warnings we're already there when it was working with the other machine and are related to stuff i can't control: SOA Refresh Value is outside of the recommended range SOA Expire Value out of recommended range SOA NXDOMAIN Value too high I've searched and as far as i can tell only the guys who sold the retail can change those values and they won't. Edit2: I half solved the issue.on the new machine postfix was installed but postfix-mysql waasn't so he couldn't connect to the database (rookie mistake). After fixing that, i can now send mails to the outsider without any issues, however i am still not able to receive mails from utside. The sender doesn't get any message warning about the non-delivery but the message doesn't fall in the inbox and the log shows: Nov 13 15:11:57 m21-traducoes postfix/smtpd[5872]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from re lay4.ptmail.sapo.pt[212.55.154.24]: 451 4.3.5 <relay4.ptmail.sapo.pt[212.55.154. 24]>: Client host rejected: Server configuration error; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=SMTP helo=<sapo.pt> Nov 13 15:11:57 m21-traducoes postfix/smtpd[5872]: disconnect from relay4.ptmail .sapo.pt[212.55.154.24]

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• Wi-Fi Stick with ZD1211 chip refuses to work on Ubuntu >8.10. No clue.

  - by Benjamin Maus

  I have a machine running Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic *x86_64*). Everything is running smooth so far, except for the Wi-Fi USB Stick. The same device worked perfectly in 8.10. The wireless device is a GW-US54GXS using the Zydas Zd1211 chipset. Dmesg output after plugging in: [ 196.303436] phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel' [ 196.304209] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: phy0 [ 196.304227] usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1211rw [ 196.334137] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_ub [ 196.357463] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_uphr [ 196.402643] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: firmware version 4725 [ 196.442611] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: zd1211b chip 2019:5303 v4810 high 00-90-cc AL2230_RF pa0 ---N- [ 196.463814] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_ub [ 196.466823] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_uphr Syslog output: Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.303436] phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel' Nov 5 11:20:24 kierkegaard NetworkManager: <info> Found radio killswitch rfkill0 (at /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/ieee80211/phy0/rfkill0) (driver <unknown>) Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.304209] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: phy0 Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.304227] usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1211rw Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/net/wmaster0, iface: wmaster0) Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/net/wmaster0, iface: wmaster0): no ifupdown configuration found. Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/net/wlan0, iface: wlan0) Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/net/wlan0, iface: wlan0): no ifupdown configuration found. Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'zd1211rw') Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2 Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): now managed Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.334137] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_ub Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.357463] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_uphr Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.402643] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: firmware version 4725 Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.442611] zd1211rw 2-1:1.0: zd1211b chip 2019:5303 v4810 high 00-90-cc AL2230_RF pa0 ---N- Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <WARN> nm_device_hw_bring_up(): (wlan0): device not up after timeout! Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem NetworkManager: <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.463814] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_ub Nov 5 11:20:24 somesystem kernel: [ 196.466823] usb 2-1: firmware: requesting zd1211/zd1211b_uphr Nov 5 11:20:29 somesystem wpa_supplicant[978]: Could not set interface 'wlan0' UP Nov 5 11:20:29 somesystem wpa_supplicant[978]: Failed to initialize driver interface Nov 5 11:20:29 somesystem NetworkManager: <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. Gnome tells me in the network menu that the device was "not ready". It appears in iwconfig but not in ifconfig. The same symptoms appear when I boot from the live CD. How can I solve this dilemma?

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• RAID controller dropping the wrong drive

  - by bramp

  I've been having an issue with 3ware 9500S-8 RAID 10, and I have contracted their tech support, but I wanted to hear the serverfault community's recommendations. Firstly, all my data is backuped and secure, so I don't mind blowing my RAID away if I have to. But let me describe the problem I've been seeing. A month ago, disk 6 dropped out of the RAID. It is mirrored with disk 7, so I wasn't that bothered. I went to the data centre and replaced it. When I got back to the office, I noticed that disk 6 will still not in the RAID, and in fact the controller was show the name of the old drive still. A week later I went back and replace the drive again, thinking I might have swapped in a bad drive. Still the same problem. I decided to reboot the machine, to see if that would "force" the controller into seeing the new drive. It did, and a rebuild started to happen (from disk 7). Eventually both drives were showing as good. A week later, the MySQL database has flagged the database is corrupt, and is unable to repair it. I don't know what has gone wrong, but I suspected this 6-7 pair. At this point I noticed that the RAID had constantly been verifying itself, over and over. Regardless of this I began to rebuild the database, which took about 19 hours. It's a big database. Near the end of the repair, the RAID controller told me it had dropped disk 7, and that some data was most likely corrupted. I contacted LSI tech support, and they very promptly started to help me. I mentioned that drive 7 had been dropped. They suspect that drive 7 was always at fault, and drive 6 had always been good. I want to know how often a RAID controller would drop the wrong drive (in this case dropping drive 6 a month ago, instead of 7). I foolishly didn't run smartctl on the drives before I started swapping them out. I just assumed the RAID controller knew what it was talking about. I think my plan of action is to replace drive 7, rebuild the array from scratch, double check smartctl on ALL the disks, and then start restoring my data again. I would appreciate anyone's input on what the correct procedure for swapping drives is, and how often failures like this happen. If anyone would like more information then I'd be happy to provide it. thanks in advance. Oh some more information. I'm running CentOS 5.3, with two RAID arrays, a simple RAID 1 for the OS, and RAID 10 for the database. Both arrays are on different controllers. The RAID 10 is made of 10 identical ST3640323AS drives, until I swapped in a SAMSUNG HD103SJ last month.

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• Squid not caching files (Randomly)

  - by Heinrich

  I want to use an intercepting squid server to cache specific large zip files that users in my network download frequently. I have configured squid on a gateway machine and caching is working for "static" zip files that are served from an Apache web server outside our network. The files that I want to have cached by squid are zip files 100MB which are served from a heroku-hosted Rails application. I set an ETag header (SHA hash of the zip file on the server) and Cache-Control: public header. However, these files are not cached by squid. This, for example, is a request that is not cached: $ curl --no-keepalive -v -o test.zip --header "X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a" --header "X-Customer: 5" "http://MY_APP.herokuapp.com/api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest" * Adding handle: conn: 0x7ffd4a804400 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 ... > GET /api/device/v1/media/download?version=latest HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.30.0 > Host: MY_APP.herokuapp.com > Accept: */* > X-Access-Key: 20767ed397afdea90601fda4513ceb042fe6ab4e51578da63d3bc9b024ed538a > X-Customer: 5 > 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- 0:00:09 --:--:-- 0< HTTP/1.1 200 OK * Server Cowboy is not blacklisted < Server: Cowboy < Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 14:13:27 GMT < Status: 200 OK < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block < X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff < ETag: "95e888938c0d539b8dd74139beace67f" < Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="e7cce850ae728b81fe3f315d21a560af.zip" < Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary < Content-Length: 125727431 < Content-Type: application/zip < Cache-Control: public < X-Request-Id: 7ce6edb0-013a-4003-a331-94d2b8fae8ad < X-Runtime: 1.244251 < X-Cache: MISS from AAA.fritz.box < Via: 1.1 vegur, 1.1 AAA.fritz.box (squid/3.3.11) < Connection: keep-alive In the logs squid is reporting a TCP_MISS. This is the relevant excerpt from my squid file: # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 3128 http_port 3129 intercept # Uncomment and adjust the following to add a disk cache directory. maximum_object_size 1000 MB maximum_object_size_in_memory 1000 MB cache_dir ufs /usr/local/var/cache/squid 10000 16 256 cache_mem 2000 MB # Leave coredumps in the first cache dir coredump_dir /usr/local/var/cache/squid cache_store_log daemon:/usr/local/var/logs/cache_store.log #refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern -i .(zip) 525600 100% 525600 override-expire ignore-no-cache ignore-no-store refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 ## DNS Configuration dns_nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 After trying around for some time I realized that squid is sometimes deciding that my file is cacheable, sometimes not, depending on whether and when I enable/disable the dns_nameservers directive. What could be wrong here?

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• Windows 8.1 Update 1 Disk Usage 100%

  - by Gookjin Jeong

  Background Information / Computer Specs I have a 14-inch Samsung Series 5 Ultra. Core i5 CPU, 750GB HDD, 8GB RAM, Intel HD Graphics 4000. I've had the computer for about 1.5 years with no major problems. Problem The issue appeared at the beginning of April this year, when I updated the OS to Windows 8.1 Update 1 (not from 8 to 8.1). After being on continually (except for at night, when I put it on sleep mode) for about 48 hours, the disk usage as seen by Task Manager hits 100%. When this happens, everything from opening/closing applications to typing and even bringing up the start screen by pressing the Windows key becomes extremely slow. The only way to make the disk usage decrease is to restart the computer. Then the problem repeats. I've used my current laptop (as well as my previous laptops) this way -- putting it on sleep mode at night and restarting it only when Windows needs to install updates -- for a long time. So I know the 100% disk usage is not due to the way I use the computer. The thing that causes the spike varies. Sometimes it's System, sometimes it's one of the various applications I installed (e.g. Chrome, Evernote, Spotify, Wunderlist, iTunes, etc.), and sometimes it's Antimalware Service Executable, etc. Tried Solutions I think I tried almost every solution out there for this problem: Running the check disk command (chkdsk /b /f /v /scan c:) from Admin Command Prompt Running Windows Memory Diagnostic Disabling Superfetch and Windows Search from services.msc Running "Fix problems with Windows Update" from Control Panel -- Troubleshooting Updating and rolling back the graphics driver (Intel HD 4000) Disabling "Use hardware acceleration when available" from Chrome settings Disabling Intel Rapid Storage Technology Running the SFC /SCANNOW command as recommended here Running a quick scan & a full scan from Windows Defender (no threats found) Taking the hard drive out and putting it back Refreshing the computer, from the Update and recovery -- Recovery option in Windows settings NONE of the above worked for me. I was about to give up but then noticed that one of the main culprits of the disk usage spike, as shown in the "Disk Activity" section of the Resource Monitor, was C:\System (pagefile.sys). I googled around and found that one of the recommended solutions was to disable pagefile. I then went to **Control Panel -- System and Security -- System -- Advanced system settings -- Advanced tab -- Performance settings -- Advanced tab -- "Change" under Virtual memory and discovered that the number for "Currently allocated" at the bottom was 1280MB, although the number for "Recommended" was 4533MB. I immediately changed it to 4533MB and checked my family members' computers to see what the numbers were like. All of theirs had a currently allocated space that was only slightly smaller than the recommended space. See screenshot below: This might fix the problem. I'll have to wait a couple more days.But if it doesn't, what in the world should I do next? I'm guessing the hard drive isn't failing because This computer is less than 2 years old; and Speccy says that the status of the HDD is good. Update 5/27/2014 The "4533MB" solution did not work. I had to reboot the computer about 30 minutes ago because the disk usage again hit 100%. When I opened Resource Monitor the C:\System (pagefile.sys) again was shown to be the culprit. I have now disabled pagefile entirely via the same window shown above in the screenshot. The number for "currently allocated" is now 0MB. Will update again in a couple days, or if the problem occurs again, whichever comes sooner.

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• T60 Screen/LCD gets black after some minutes with a highpitched sound rising and fading

  - by edelwater

  Just now my T60 screen got "black" (so no display). On my second monitor: no problems so the VGA output works. Symptom: Screen blanks / no display, but it works on the second monitor Steps to reproduce: - boot - wait (it does not matter what you do you do not have to login or anything) - (now the monitor of the laptop slowly begins to make a ssssssssHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHWOEOEssssssss noise of about 10 seconds) - right after the sounds ends, the monitor gets black. Sometimes it seems to be the same each time. Software: Installed no new software before/after, running ZoneAlarm and antivirus. Other: It does not feel hot in any place, there don't seem to be running processes with strange behaviour. Warranty: Out of warranty What was I doing: Typing text on a website and doing some PHP coding in a text editor. What can I do here other than buy a new laptop? Does it sound familiar to known cases? Update 1: Exactly the same problem: http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T61-and-prior-T-series-ThinkPad/T60-Screen-Blackout/m-p/288772 and the second poster (garyj), http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T61-and-prior-T-series-ThinkPad/Black-Screen-on-T60/m-p/235053#M48627 And here: "I have that same problem. I replaced the CCRL on mine and it works fine when the screen is not screwed in. Once the frame of the LCD screen (metal portion) touches the metal on the laptop which holds the screen the screen goes black. If the metal is touching the screen when you boot up it boots up with it being very dimmly lit. " from http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T61-and-prior-T-series-ThinkPad/T60-screen-problems/m-p/205047#M44995 (it seems replacing the LCD display is no use, he tried it three times). Same problem: http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T61-and-prior-T-series-ThinkPad/T60-black-screen/m-p/80604#M25914 Hmmm... not handy 3 or 4 months ago I ordered and installed a new fan. Now the LCD. Which does not seem the core issue but some electric issue so it seems replacing the LCD is not the thing to do here. If it is not the LCD that needs to be replaced (see other threads), which parts can I order to fix this? Is there any information which could lead me to identify the issue? I have read replacing the "inverter" AND the "backlightning" would that make sense? Update 2: I replaced the inverter with another inverter, but IO have the same problem. I DID notice that the inverter is the component that makes the sssssssssssssHHHHHHHHHH sound AND it becomes very hot in a few seconds. (So both the old and the test one) The problem is hmmm wat is then the thing that makes the inverter hot by (assumption) after which it shuts itself down. Is it either the input or the output? The output seems to me not, because the screen seems to function so it must be the electricity coming in. But what causes it to become so hot would it be the VGA card outputting some unusual high voltage seems unlikely? I am looking for the component to order / replace update 3: Great news. Ewendish gave me the hint to look in the BIOS. While I was in the BIOS I noticed that the screen did not switch off and there was not a high pitched sound. So I lowered some settings in the BIOS. I then noticed that with brightness turned to 0 (via FN End), it does not make a high pitched sound and does not turn off, with brightness turned up just three "stripes" it starts making the sound. So I could from now on work under lowest brightness modus or... see where the problem lies. So as stated below with either power management or display drivers / ATI Catalyst settings / Windows display settings. I'm trying to see where it lies, but I will google some first. Update 4: I wiped clean the Windows XP installation and installed Windows 7 on it. Unfortunately the problem remains: as soon as the brightness goes up the screen starts hissing. This means... back to original thought: it probably IS a hardware problem. Although ... again... if it is NOT the inverter, what is it? Could it be the backlightning component? I could try to switch that with a another T60... but this is quite tricky.

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• Doing CRUD on XML using id attributes in C# ASP.NET

  - by Brandon G

  I'm a LAMP guy and ended up working this small news module for an asp.net site, which I am having some difficulty with. I basically am adding and deleting elements via AJAX based on the id. Before, I had it working based on the the index of a set of elements, but would have issues deleting, since the index would change in the xml file and not on the page (since I am using ajax). Here is the rundown news.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <news> <article id="1"> <title>Red Shield Environmental implements the PARCSuite system</title> <story>Add stuff here</story> </article> <article id="2"> <title>Catalyst Paper selects PARCSuite for its Mill-Wide Process...</title> <story>Add stuff here</story> </article> <article id="3"> <title>Weyerhaeuser uses Capstone Technology to provide Control...</title> <story>Add stuff here</story> </article> </news> Page sending del request: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('.del').click(function () { var obj = $(this); var id = obj.attr('rel'); $.post('add-news-item.aspx', { id: id }, function () { obj.parent().next().remove(); obj.parent().remove(); } ); }); }); </script> <a class="del" rel="1">...</a> <a class="del" rel="1">...</a> <a class="del" rel="1">...</a> My functions protected void addEntry(string title, string story) { XmlDocument news = new XmlDocument(); news.Load(Server.MapPath("../news.xml")); XmlAttributeCollection ids = news.Attributes; //Create a new node XmlElement newelement = news.CreateElement("article"); XmlElement xmlTitle = news.CreateElement("title"); XmlElement xmlStory = news.CreateElement("story"); XmlAttribute id = ids[0]; int myId = int.Parse(id.Value + 1); id.Value = ""+myId; newelement.SetAttributeNode(id); xmlTitle.InnerText = this.TitleBox.Text.Trim(); xmlStory.InnerText = this.StoryBox.Text.Trim(); newelement.AppendChild(xmlTitle); newelement.AppendChild(xmlStory); news.DocumentElement.AppendChild(newelement); news.Save(Server.MapPath("../news.xml")); } protected void deleteEntry(int selectIndex) { XmlDocument news = new XmlDocument(); news.Load(Server.MapPath("../news.xml")); XmlNode xmlnode = news.DocumentElement.ChildNodes.Item(selectIndex); xmlnode.ParentNode.RemoveChild(xmlnode); news.Save(Server.MapPath("../news.xml")); } I haven't updated deleteEntry() and you can see, I was using the array index but need to delete the article element based on the article id being passed. And when adding an entry, I need to set the id to the last elements id + 1. Yes, I know SQL would be 100 times easier, but I don't have access so... help?

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• How do I convert Data::Dumper output back into a Perl data structure?

  - by newbee_me

  Hi all! I was wondering if you could shed some lights regarding the code I've been doing for a couple of days. I've been trying to convert a Perl-parsed hash back to XML using the XMLout() and XMLin() method and it has been quite successful with this format. #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; # use module use IO::File; use XML::Simple; use XML::Dumper; use Data::Dumper; my $dump = new XML::Dumper; my ( $data, $VAR1 ); Topology:$VAR1 = { 'device' => { 'FOC1047Z2SZ' => { 'ChassisID' => '2009-09', 'Error' => undef, 'Group' => { 'ID' => 'A1', 'Type' => 'Base' }, 'Model' => 'CATALYST', 'Name' => 'CISCO-SW1', 'Neighbor' => {}, 'ProbedIP' => 'TEST', 'isDerived' => 0 } }, 'issues' => [ 'TEST' ] }; # create object my $xml = new XML::Simple (NoAttr=>1, RootName=>'data', SuppressEmpty => 'true'); # convert Perl array ref into XML document $data = $xml->XMLout($VAR1); #reads an XML file my $X_out = $xml->XMLin($data); # access XML data print Dumper($data); print "STATUS: $X_out->{issues}\n"; print "CHASSIS ID: $X_out->{device}{ChassisID}\n"; print "GROUP ID: $X_out->{device}{Group}{ID}\n"; print "DEVICE NAME: $X_out->{device}{Name}\n"; print "DEVICE NAME: $X_out->{device}{name}\n"; print "ERROR: $X_out->{device}{error}\n"; I can access all the element in the XML with no problem. But when I try to create a file that will house the parsed hash, problem arises because I can't seem to access all the XML elements. I guess, I wasn't able to unparse the file with the following code. #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; #!/usr/bin/perl # use module use IO::File; use XML::Simple; use XML::Dumper; use Data::Dumper; my $dump = new XML::Dumper; my ( $data, $VAR1, $line_Holder ); #this is the file that contains the parsed hash my $saveOut = "C:/parsed_hash.txt"; my $result_Holder = IO::File->new($saveOut, 'r'); while ($line_Holder = $result_Holder->getline){ print $line_Holder; } # create object my $xml = new XML::Simple (NoAttr=>1, RootName=>'data', SuppressEmpty => 'true'); # convert Perl array ref into XML document $data = $xml->XMLout($line_Holder); #reads an XML file my $X_out = $xml->XMLin($data); # access XML data print Dumper($data); print "STATUS: $X_out->{issues}\n"; print "CHASSIS ID: $X_out->{device}{ChassisID}\n"; print "GROUP ID: $X_out->{device}{Group}{ID}\n"; print "DEVICE NAME: $X_out->{device}{Name}\n"; print "DEVICE NAME: $X_out->{device}{name}\n"; print "ERROR: $X_out->{device}{error}\n"; Do you have any idea how I could access the $VAR1 inside the text file? Regards, newbee_me

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• From Binary to Data Structures

  - by Cédric Menzi

  Table of Contents Introduction PE file format and COFF header COFF file header BaseCoffReader Byte4ByteCoffReader UnsafeCoffReader ManagedCoffReader Conclusion History This article is also available on CodeProject Introduction Sometimes, you want to parse well-formed binary data and bring it into your objects to do some dirty stuff with it. In the Windows world most data structures are stored in special binary format. Either we call a WinApi function or we want to read from special files like images, spool files, executables or may be the previously announced Outlook Personal Folders File. Most specifications for these files can be found on the MSDN Libarary: Open Specification In my example, we are going to get the COFF (Common Object File Format) file header from a PE (Portable Executable). The exact specification can be found here: PECOFF PE file format and COFF header Before we start we need to know how this file is formatted. The following figure shows an overview of the Microsoft PE executable format. Source: Microsoft Our goal is to get the PE header. As we can see, the image starts with a MS-DOS 2.0 header with is not important for us. From the documentation we can read "...After the MS DOS stub, at the file offset specified at offset 0x3c, is a 4-byte...". With this information we know our reader has to jump to location 0x3c and read the offset to the signature. The signature is always 4 bytes that ensures that the image is a PE file. The signature is: PE\0\0. To prove this we first seek to the offset 0x3c, read if the file consist the signature. So we need to declare some constants, because we do not want magic numbers.   private const int PeSignatureOffsetLocation = 0x3c; private const int PeSignatureSize = 4; private const string PeSignatureContent = "PE";   Then a method for moving the reader to the correct location to read the offset of signature. With this method we always move the underlining Stream of the BinaryReader to the start location of the PE signature.   private void SeekToPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // seek to the offset for the PE signagure br.BaseStream.Seek(PeSignatureOffsetLocation, SeekOrigin.Begin); // read the offset int offsetToPeSig = br.ReadInt32(); // seek to the start of the PE signature br.BaseStream.Seek(offsetToPeSig, SeekOrigin.Begin); }   Now, we can check if it is a valid PE image by reading of the next 4 byte contains the content PE.   private bool IsValidPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // read 4 bytes to get the PE signature byte[] peSigBytes = br.ReadBytes(PeSignatureSize); // convert it to a string and trim \0 at the end of the content string peContent = Encoding.Default.GetString(peSigBytes).TrimEnd('\0'); // check if PE is in the content return peContent.Equals(PeSignatureContent); }   With this basic functionality we have a good base reader class to try the different methods of parsing the COFF file header. COFF file header The COFF header has the following structure: Offset Size Field 0 2 Machine 2 2 NumberOfSections 4 4 TimeDateStamp 8 4 PointerToSymbolTable 12 4 NumberOfSymbols 16 2 SizeOfOptionalHeader 18 2 Characteristics If we translate this table to code, we get something like this:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public MachineType Machine; public ushort NumberOfSections; public uint TimeDateStamp; public uint PointerToSymbolTable; public uint NumberOfSymbols; public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; public Characteristic Characteristics; } BaseCoffReader All readers do the same thing, so we go to the patterns library in our head and see that Strategy pattern or Template method pattern is sticked out in the bookshelf. I have decided to take the template method pattern in this case, because the Parse() should handle the IO for all implementations and the concrete parsing should done in its derived classes.   public CoffHeader Parse() { using (var br = new BinaryReader(File.Open(_fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))) { SeekToPeSignature(br); if (!IsValidPeSignature(br)) { throw new BadImageFormatException(); } return ParseInternal(br); } } protected abstract CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br);   First we open the BinaryReader, seek to the PE signature then we check if it contains a valid PE signature and rest is done by the derived implementations. Byte4ByteCoffReader The first solution is using the BinaryReader. It is the general way to get the data. We only need to know which order, which data-type and its size. If we read byte for byte we could comment out the first line in the CoffHeader structure, because we have control about the order of the member assignment.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { CoffHeader coff = new CoffHeader(); coff.Machine = (MachineType)br.ReadInt16(); coff.NumberOfSections = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.TimeDateStamp = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.PointerToSymbolTable = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.NumberOfSymbols = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.Characteristics = (Characteristic)br.ReadInt16(); return coff; }   If the structure is as short as the COFF header here and the specification will never changed, there is probably no reason to change the strategy. But if a data-type will be changed, a new member will be added or ordering of member will be changed the maintenance costs of this method are very high. UnsafeCoffReader Another way to bring the data into this structure is using a "magically" unsafe trick. As above, we know the layout and order of the data structure. Now, we need the StructLayout attribute, because we have to ensure that the .NET Runtime allocates the structure in the same order as it is specified in the source code. We also need to enable "Allow unsafe code (/unsafe)" in the project's build properties. Then we need to add the following constructor to the CoffHeader structure.   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { unsafe { fixed (byte* packet = &data[0]) { this = *(CoffHeader*)packet; } } } }   The "magic" trick is in the statement: this = *(CoffHeader*)packet;. What happens here? We have a fixed size of data somewhere in the memory and because a struct in C# is a value-type, the assignment operator = copies the whole data of the structure and not only the reference. To fill the structure with data, we need to pass the data as bytes into the CoffHeader structure. This can be achieved by reading the exact size of the structure from the PE file.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { return new CoffHeader(br.ReadBytes(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)))); }   This solution is the fastest way to parse the data and bring it into the structure, but it is unsafe and it could introduce some security and stability risks. ManagedCoffReader In this solution we are using the same approach of the structure assignment as above. But we need to replace the unsafe part in the constructor with the following managed part:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { IntPtr coffPtr = IntPtr.Zero; try { int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)); coffPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(data, 0, coffPtr, size); this = (CoffHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(coffPtr, typeof(CoffHeader)); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(coffPtr); } } }     Conclusion We saw that we can parse well-formed binary data to our data structures using different approaches. The first is probably the clearest way, because we know each member and its size and ordering and we have control about the reading the data for each member. But if add member or the structure is going change by some reason, we need to change the reader. The two other solutions use the approach of the structure assignment. In the unsafe implementation we need to compile the project with the /unsafe option. We increase the performance, but we get some security risks.

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• WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe

  - by Mladen Prajdic

  In previous posts I’ve shown you our SuperForm test application solution structure and how the main wxs and wxi include file look like. In this post I’ll show you how to automate inclusion of files to install into your build process. For our SuperForm application we have a single exe to install. But in the real world we have 10s or 100s of different files from dll’s to resource files like pictures. It all depends on what kind of application you’re building. Writing a directory structure for so many files by hand is out of the question. What we need is an automated way to create this structure. Enter Heat.exe. Heat is a command line utility to harvest a file, directory, Visual Studio project, IIS website or performance counters. You might ask what harvesting means? Harvesting is converting a source (file, directory, …) into a component structure saved in a WiX fragment (a wxs) file. There are 2 options you can use: Create a static wxs fragment with Heat and include it in your project. The pro of this is that you can add or remove components by hand. The con is that you have to do the pro part by hand. Automation always beats manual labor. Run heat command line utility in a pre-build event of your WiX project. I prefer this way. By always recreating the whole fragment you don’t have to worry about missing any new files you add. The con of this is that you’ll include files that you otherwise might not want to. There is no perfect solution so pick one and deal with it. I prefer using the second way. A neat way of overcoming the con of the second option is to have a post-build event on your main application project (SuperForm.MainApp in our case) to copy the files needed to be installed in a special location and have the Heat.exe read them from there. I haven’t set this up for this tutorial and I’m simply including all files from the default SuperForm.MainApp \bin directory. Remember how we created a System Environment variable called SuperFormFilesDir? This is where we’ll use it for the first time. The command line text that you have to put into the pre-build event of your WiX project looks like this: "$(WIX)bin\heat.exe" dir "$(SuperFormFilesDir)" -cg SuperFormFiles -gg -scom -sreg -sfrag -srd -dr INSTALLLOCATION -var env.SuperFormFilesDir -out "$(ProjectDir)Fragments\FilesFragment.wxs" After you install WiX you’ll get the WIX environment variable. In the pre/post-build events environment variables are referenced like this: $(WIX). By using this you don’t have to think about the installation path of the WiX. Remember: for 32 bit applications Program files folder is named differently between 32 and 64 bit systems. $(ProjectDir) is obviously the path to your project and is a Visual Studio built in variable. You can view all Heat.exe options by running it without parameters but I’ll explain some that stick out the most. dir "$(SuperFormFilesDir)": tell Heat to harvest the whole directory at the set location. That is the location we’ve set in our System Environment variable. –cg SuperFormFiles: the name of the Component group that will be created. This name is included in out Feature tag as is seen in the previous post. -dr INSTALLLOCATION: the directory reference this fragment will fall under. You can see the top level directory structure in the previous post. -var env.SuperFormFilesDir: the name of the variable that will replace the SourceDir text that would otherwise appear in the fragment file. -out "$(ProjectDir)Fragments\FilesFragment.wxs": the full path and name under which the fragment file will be saved. If you have source control you have to include the FilesFragment.wxs into your project but remove its source control binding. The auto generated FilesFragment.wxs for our test app looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi"> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="SuperFormFiles"> <ComponentRef Id="cmp5BB40DB822CAA7C5295227894A07502E" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpCFD331F5E0E471FC42A1334A1098E144" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmp4614DD03D8974B7C1FC39E7B82F19574" /> <ComponentRef Id="cmpDF166522884E2454382277128BD866EC" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="INSTALLLOCATION"> <Component Id="cmp5BB40DB822CAA7C5295227894A07502E" Guid="{117E3352-2F0C-4E19-AD96-03D354751B8D}"> <File Id="filDCA561ABF8964292B6BC0D0726E8EFAD" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.exe" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmpCFD331F5E0E471FC42A1334A1098E144" Guid="{369A2347-97DD-45CA-A4D1-62BB706EA329}"> <File Id="filA9BE65B2AB60F3CE41105364EDE33D27" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.pdb" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmp4614DD03D8974B7C1FC39E7B82F19574" Guid="{3443EBE2-168F-4380-BC41-26D71A0DB1C7}"> <File Id="fil5102E75B91F3DAFA6F70DA57F4C126ED" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.vshost.exe" /> </Component> <Component Id="cmpDF166522884E2454382277128BD866EC" Guid="{0C0F3D18-56EB-41FE-B0BD-FD2C131572DB}"> <File Id="filF7CA5083B4997E1DEC435554423E675C" KeyPath="yes" Source="$(env.SuperFormFilesDir)\SuperForm.MainApp.vshost.exe.manifest" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment></Wix> The $(env.SuperFormFilesDir) will be replaced at build time with the directory where the files to be installed are located. There is nothing too complicated about this. In the end it turns out that this sort of automation is great! There are a few other ways that Heat.exe can compose the wxs file but this is the one I prefer. It just seems the clearest. Play with its options to see what can it do. It’s one awesome little tool.   WiX 3 tutorial by Mladen Prajdic navigation WiX 3 Tutorial: Solution/Project structure and Dev resources WiX 3 Tutorial: Understanding main wxs and wxi file WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe

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• Add keyboard languages to XP, Vista, and Windows 7

  - by Matthew Guay

  Do you regularly need to type in multiple languages in Windows?  Here we’ll show you the easy way to add and change input languages to your keyboard in XP, Vista, and Windows 7. Windows Vista and 7 come preinstalled with support for viewing a wide variety of languages, so adding an input language is fairly simply.  Adding an input language is slightly more difficult in XP, and requires installing additional files if you need an Asian or Complex script language.  First we show how to add an input language in Windows Vista and 7; it’s basically the same in both versions.  Then, we show how to add a language to XP, and also how to add Complex Script support.  Please note that this is only for adding an input language, which will allow you to type in the language you select.  This does not change your user interface language. Change keyboard language in Windows 7 and Vista It is fairly simple to add or change a keyboard language in Windows 7 or Vista.  In Windows 7, enter “keyboard language” in the Start menu search box, and select “Change keyboards or other input methods”. In Windows Vista, open Control Panel and enter “input language” in the search box and select “Change keyboards or other input methods”.  This also works in Windows 7. Now, click Change Keyboards to add another keyboard language or change your default one. Our default input language is US English, and our default keyboard is the US keyboard layout.  Click Add to insert another input language while still leaving your default input language installed. Here we selected the standard Thai keyboard language (Thai Kedmanee), but you can select any language you want.  Windows offers almost any language you can imagine, so just look for the language you want, select it, and click Ok. Alternately, if you want, you can click Preview to see your layout choice before accepting it.  This is only the default characters, not ones that will be activated with Shift or other keys (many Asian languages use many more characters than English, and require the use of Shift and other keys to access them all).  Once your finished previewing, click close and then press Ok on the previous dialog. Now you will see both of your keyboard languages in the Installed services box.  You can click Add to go back and get more, or move your selected language up or down (to change its priority), or simply click Apply to add the new language. Also, you can now change the default input language from the top menu.  This is the language that your keyboard will start with when you boot your computer.  So, if you mainly use English but also use another language, usually it is best to leave English as your default input language. Once you’ve pressed Apply or Ok, you will see a new icon beside your system tray with the initials of your default input language. If you click it, you can switch between input languages.  Alternately you can switch input languages by pressing Alt+Shift on your keyboard. Some complex languages, such as Chinese, may have extra buttons to change input modes to accommodate their large alphabet. If you would like to change the keyboard shortcut for changing languages, go back to the Input Languages dialog, and select the “Advanced Key Settings” tab.  Here you can change settings for Caps Lock and change or add key sequences to change between languages. Also, the On-Screen keyboard will display the correct keyboard language (here the keyboard is displaying Thai), which can be a helpful reference if your physical keyboard doesn’t have your preferred input language printed on it.  To open this, simply enter “On-Screen keyboard” in the start menu search, or click All Programs>Accessories>On-Screen keyboard. Change keyboard language in Windows XP The process for changing the keyboard language in Windows XP is slightly different.  Open Control Panel, and select “Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options”.   Select “Add other languages”. Now, click Details to add another language.  XP does not include support for Asian and complex languages by default, so if you need to add one of those languages we have details for that below. Click Add to add an input language. Select your desired language from the list, and choose your desired keyboard layout if your language offers multiple layouts.  Here we selected Canadian French with the default layout. Now you will see both of your keyboard languages in the Installed services box.  You can click Add to go back and add more, or move your selected language up or down (to change its priority), or simply click Apply to add the new language. Once you’ve pressed Apply or Ok, you will see a new icon beside your system tray with the initials of your default input language. If you click it, you can switch between input languages.  Alternately you can switch input languages by pressing Alt+Shift on your keyboard. If you would like to change the keyboard shortcut for changing languages, go back to the Input Languages dialog, and click the “Key Settings” button on the bottom of the dialog.  Here you can change settings for Caps Lock and change or add key sequences to change between languages. Add support to XP for Asian and Complex script languages Windows XP does not include support for Asian and Complex script languages by default, but you can easily add them to your computer.  This is useful if you wish to type in one of these languages, or simply want to read text written in these languages, since XP will not display these languages correctly if they are not installed.  If you wish to install Chinese, Japanese, and/or Korean, check the “Install files for East Asian languages” box.  Or, if you need to install a complex script language (including Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Hebrew, the Indic languages, Thai, and Vietnamese), check the “Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages” box.   Choosing either of these options will open a prompt reminding you that this option will take up more disk space.  Support for complex languages will require around 10Mb of hard drive space, but East Asian language support may require 230 Mb or more free disk space.  Click Ok, and click apply to install your language files. You may have to insert your XP CD into your CD drive to install these files.  Insert the disk, and then click Ok. Windows will automatically copy the files, including fonts for these languages… …and then will ask you to reboot your computer to finalize the settings.  Click Yes, and then reopen the “Add other languages” dialog when your computer is rebooted, and add a language as before.     Now you can add Complex and/or Asian languages to XP, just as above.  Here is the XP taskbar language selector with Thai installed. Conclusion Unfortunately we haven’t found a way to add Asian and complex languages in XP without having an XP disc. If you know of a way, let us know in the comments. (No downloading the XP disc from torrent site answers please) Adding an input language is very important for bilingual individuals, and can also be useful if you simply need to occasionally view Asian or Complex languages in XP.  And by following the correct instructions for your version of Windows, it should be very easy to add, change, and remove input languages. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Show Keyboard Shortcut Access Keys in Windows VistaKeyboard Ninja: 21 Keyboard Shortcut ArticlesAnother Desktop Cube for Windows XP/VistaThe "Up" Keyboard Shortcut for Windows 7 or Vista ExplorerWhat is ctfmon.exe And Why Is It Running? 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