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  • Libgdx ParallaxScrolling and TiledMaps

    - by kirchhoff
    I implemented ParallaxScrolling for my SideScroller project, everything is working but the tiled map (the most important part!). I've been trying out everything but it doesn't work (see the code below). I'm using ParallaxCamera from GdxTests, it's working perfectly for the background layers. I can't explain myself properly in english, so I recorded 2 videos: Before parallaxScrolling After parallaxScrolling As you can see, now the platforms appear in the middle of the Y-axis. I've got a Map class with 2 tiled maps, so I need two renderers too: private TiledMapRenderer renderer1; private TiledMapRenderer renderer2; public void update(GameCamera camera) { renderer1.setView(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(1f, 0f), camera.position.x - camera.viewportWidth / 2, **camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight/2**, camera.viewportWidth, camera.viewportHeight); renderer2.setView(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(1f, 0f), camera.position.x - camera.viewportWidth / 2, **camera.position.y - camera.viewportHeight/2**, camera.viewportWidth, camera.viewportHeight); } In bold, the code I think I should change. I've tried changing parameters, even adding hardcoded values, etc, but one of two: 1. Nothing happens. 2. Platforms disappear. Here is some aditional code. The render method: world.update(delta); parallaxBackground.update(camera); clear(0.5f, 0.7f, 1.0f, 1); batch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.calculateParallaxMatrix(0, 0)); batch.disableBlending(); batch.begin(); batch.draw(background, -(int)background.getRegionWidth()/2, -(int)background.getRegionHeight()/2); batch.end(); batch.enableBlending(); parallaxBackground.draw(batch, camera); renderer.render(batch);

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  • Translate extrinsic rotations to intrinsic rotations ( Euler angles )

    - by MineMan287
    The problem I have is very frustrating: I am using the Jitter Physics library which gives Quaternion rotations, you can extract the extrinsic rotations but I need intrinsic rotations to rotate in OpenTK (There are other reasons as well so I don't want to make OpenTK use a Matrix) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) EDIT : Response to the first answer Like This? GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) Or This? GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) I'm confused, please give an example

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  • How do I check on non-transparent pixels in a bitmapdata?

    - by Opoe
    I'm still working on my window cleaning game from one of my previous questions I marked a contribution as my answer, but after all this time I can't get it to work and I have to many questions about this so I decided to ask some more about it. As a sequel on my mentioned previous question, my question to you is: How can I check whether or not a bitmapData contains non transparent pixels? Subquestion: Is this possible when the masked image is a movieclip? Shouldn't I use graphics instead? Information I have: A dirtywindow movieclip on the bottom layer and a clean window movieclip on layer 2(mc1) on the layer above. To hide the top layer(the dirty window) I assign a mask to it. Code // this creates a mask that hides the movieclip on top var mask_mc:MovieClip = new MovieClip(); addChild(mask_mc) //assign the mask to the movieclip it should 'cover' mc1.mask = mask_mc; With a brush(cursor) the player wipes of the dirt ( actualy setting the fill from the mask to transparent so the clean window appears) //add event listeners for the 'brush' brush_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,brushDown); brush_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,brushUp); //function to drag the brush over the mask function brushDown(dragging:MouseEvent):void{ dragging.currentTarget.startDrag(); MovieClip(dragging.currentTarget).addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,erase) ; mask_mc.graphics.moveTo(brush_mc.x,brush_mc.y); } //function to stop dragging the brush over the mask function brushUp(dragging:MouseEvent):void{ dragging.currentTarget.stopDrag(); MovieClip(dragging.currentTarget).removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,erase); } //fill the mask with transparant pixels so the movieclip turns visible function erase(e:Event):void{ with(mask_mc.graphics){ beginFill(0x000000); drawRect(brush_mc.x,brush_mc.y,brush_mc.width,brush_mc.height); endFill(); } }

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  • Sprites, Primitives and logic entity as structs

    - by Jeffrey
    I'm wondering would it be considered acceptable: The window class is responsible for drawing data, so it will have a method: Window::draw(const Sprite&); Window::draw(const Rect&); Window::draw(const Triangle&); Window::draw(const Circle&); and all those primitives + sprites would be just public struct. For example Sprite: struct Sprite { float x, y; // center float origin_x, origin_y; float width, height; float rotation; float scaling; GLuint texture; Sprite(float w, float h); Sprite(float w, float h, float a, float b); void useTexture(std::string file); void setOrigin(float a, float b); void move(float a, float b); // relative move void moveTo(float a, float b); // absolute move void rotate(float a); // relative rotation void rotateTo(float a); // absolute rotation void rotationReset(); void scale(float a); // relative scaling void scaleTo(float a); // absolute scaling void scaleReset(); }; So instead of having each primitive to call their draw() function, which is a little bit off topic for their object, I let the Window class handle all the OpenGL stuff and manipulate them as simple objects that will be drawn later on. Is this pattern used? Does it have any cons against it's primitives-draw-themself pattern? Are there any other related patterns?

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  • The practical cost of swapping effects

    - by sebf
    I use XNA for my projects and on those forums I sometimes see references to the fact that swapping an effect for a mesh has a relatively high cost, which surprises me as I thought to swap an effect was simply a case of copying the replacement shader program to the GPU along with appropriate parameters. I wondered if someone could explain exactly what is costly about this process? And put, if possible, 'relatively' into context? For example say I wanted to use a short shader to help with picking, I would: Change the effect on every object, calculting a unique color to identify it and providing it to the shader. Draw all the objects to a render target in memory. Get the color from the target and use it to look up the selected object. What portion of the total time taken to complete that process would be spent swapping the shaders? My instincts would say that rendering the scene again, no matter how simple the shader, would be an order of magnitude slower than any other part of the process so why all the concern over effects?

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  • How can I selectively update XNA GameComponents?

    - by Bill
    I have a small 2D game I'm working on in XNA. So far, I have a player-controlled ship that operates on vector thrust and is terribly fun to spin around in circles. I've implemented this as a DrawableGameComponent and registered it with the game using game.Components.Add(this) in the Ship object constructor. How can I implement features like pausing and a menu system with my current implementation? Is it possible to set certain GameComponents to not update? Is this something for which I should even be using a DrawableGameComponent? If not, what are more appropriate uses for this?

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  • How to transform gameObjects in array?

    - by user1764781
    I have an array of available gameObjects in the scene. An array of GO should be transformed according to received floats through UDP connection. I know it is simple, but can't figure it out how to accomplish the transformation an array of GO according to received unique floats for each GO, any help will be appreciated. Here is a transformation floats, it might be helpful I guess: x =ReadSingleBigEndian(data, signalOffset); signalOffset+=4; y= ReadSingleBigEndian(data, signalOffset); signalOffset+=4; z= ReadSingleBigEndian(data, signalOffset); signalOffset+=4; alpha= ReadSingleBigEndian(data, signalOffset); signalOffset+=4; theta= ReadSingleBigEndian(data,signalOffset); signalOffset+=4; phi= ReadSingleBigEndian(data,signalOffset); signalOffset+=4;

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  • Opposite Force to Apply to a Collided Rigid Body?

    - by Milo
    I'm working on the physics for my GTA2-like game so I can learn more about game physics. The collision detection and resolution are working great. I'm now just unsure how to compute the force to apply to a body after it collides with a wall. My rigid body looks like this: /our simulation object class RigidBody extends Entity { //linear private Vector2D velocity = new Vector2D(); private Vector2D forces = new Vector2D(); private float mass; private Vector2D v = new Vector2D(); //angular private float angularVelocity; private float torque; private float inertia; //graphical private Vector2D halfSize = new Vector2D(); private Bitmap image; private Matrix mat = new Matrix(); private float[] Vector2Ds = new float[2]; private Vector2D tangent = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D worldRelVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D relWorldVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D pointVelVec = new Vector2D(); private static Vector2D acceleration = new Vector2D(); public RigidBody() { //set these defaults so we don't get divide by zeros mass = 1.0f; inertia = 1.0f; setLayer(LAYER_OBJECTS); } protected void rectChanged() { if(getWorld() != null) { getWorld().updateDynamic(this); } } //intialize out parameters public void initialize(Vector2D halfSize, float mass, Bitmap bitmap) { //store physical parameters this.halfSize = halfSize; this.mass = mass; image = bitmap; inertia = (1.0f / 20.0f) * (halfSize.x * halfSize.x) * (halfSize.y * halfSize.y) * mass; RectF rect = new RectF(); float scalar = 10.0f; rect.left = (int)-halfSize.x * scalar; rect.top = (int)-halfSize.y * scalar; rect.right = rect.left + (int)(halfSize.x * 2.0f * scalar); rect.bottom = rect.top + (int)(halfSize.y * 2.0f * scalar); setRect(rect); } public void setLocation(Vector2D position, float angle) { getRect().set(position.x,position.y, getWidth(), getHeight(), angle); rectChanged(); } public Vector2D getPosition() { return getRect().getCenter(); } @Override public void update(float timeStep) { doUpdate(timeStep); } public void doUpdate(float timeStep) { //integrate physics //linear acceleration.x = forces.x / mass; acceleration.y = forces.y / mass; velocity.x += (acceleration.x * timeStep); velocity.y += (acceleration.y * timeStep); //velocity = Vector2D.add(velocity, Vector2D.scalarMultiply(acceleration, timeStep)); Vector2D c = getRect().getCenter(); v.x = getRect().getCenter().getX() + (velocity.x * timeStep); v.y = getRect().getCenter().getY() + (velocity.y * timeStep); setCenter(v.x, v.y); forces.x = 0; //clear forces forces.y = 0; //angular float angAcc = torque / inertia; angularVelocity += angAcc * timeStep; setAngle(getAngle() + angularVelocity * timeStep); torque = 0; //clear torque } //take a relative Vector2D and make it a world Vector2D public Vector2D relativeToWorld(Vector2D relative) { mat.reset(); Vector2Ds[0] = relative.x; Vector2Ds[1] = relative.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); relWorldVec.x = Vector2Ds[0]; relWorldVec.y = Vector2Ds[1]; return relWorldVec; } //take a world Vector2D and make it a relative Vector2D public Vector2D worldToRelative(Vector2D world) { mat.reset(); Vector2Ds[0] = world.x; Vector2Ds[1] = world.y; mat.postRotate(JMath.radToDeg(-getAngle())); mat.mapVectors(Vector2Ds); worldRelVec.x = Vector2Ds[0]; worldRelVec.y = Vector2Ds[1]; return worldRelVec; } //velocity of a point on body public Vector2D pointVelocity(Vector2D worldOffset) { tangent.x = -worldOffset.y; tangent.y = worldOffset.x; pointVelVec.x = (tangent.x * angularVelocity) + velocity.x; pointVelVec.y = (tangent.y * angularVelocity) + velocity.y; return pointVelVec; } public void applyForce(Vector2D worldForce, Vector2D worldOffset) { //add linear force forces.x += worldForce.x; forces.y += worldForce.y; //add associated torque torque += Vector2D.cross(worldOffset, worldForce); } @Override public void draw( GraphicsContext c) { c.drawRotatedScaledBitmap(image, getPosition().x, getPosition().y, getWidth(), getHeight(), getAngle()); } public Vector2D getVelocity() { return velocity; } public void setVelocity(Vector2D velocity) { this.velocity = velocity; } } The way it is given force is by the applyForce method, this method considers angular torque. I'm just not sure how to come up with the vectors in the case where: RigidBody hits static entity RigidBody hits other RigidBody that may or may not be in motion. Would anyone know a way (without too complex math) that I could figure out the opposite force I need to apply to the car? I know the normal it is colliding with and how deep it collided. My main goal is so that say I hit a building from the side, well the car should not just stay there, it should slowly rotate out of it if I'm more than 45 degrees. Right now when I hit a wall I only change the velocity directly which does not consider angular force. Thanks!

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  • Android Swipe In Unity 3D World with AR

    - by Christian
    I am working on an AR application using Unity3D and the Vuforia SDK for Android. The way the application works is a when the designated image(a frame marker in our case) is recognized by the camera, a 3D island is rendered at that spot. Currently I am able to detect when/which objects are touched on the model by raycasting. I also am able to successfully detect a swipe using this code: if (Input.touchCount > 0) { Touch touch = Input.touches[0]; switch (touch.phase) { case TouchPhase.Began: couldBeSwipe = true; startPos = touch.position; startTime = Time.time; break; case TouchPhase.Moved: if (Mathf.Abs(touch.position.y - startPos.y) > comfortZoneY) { couldBeSwipe = false; } //track points here for raycast if it is swipe break; case TouchPhase.Stationary: couldBeSwipe = false; break; case TouchPhase.Ended: float swipeTime = Time.time - startTime; float swipeDist = (touch.position - startPos).magnitude; if (couldBeSwipe && (swipeTime < maxSwipeTime) && (swipeDist > minSwipeDist)) { // It's a swiiiiiiiiiiiipe! float swipeDirection = Mathf.Sign(touch.position.y - startPos.y); // Do something here in reaction to the swipe. swipeCounter.IncrementCounter(); } break; } touchInfo.SetTouchInfo (Time.time-startTime,(touch.position-startPos).magnitude,Mathf.Abs (touch.position.y-startPos.y)); } Thanks to andeeeee for the logic. But I want to have some interaction in the 3D world based on the swipe on the screen. I.E. If the user swipes over unoccluded enemies, they die. My first thought was to track all the points in the moved TouchPhase, and then if it is a swipe raycast into all those points and kill any enemy that is hit. Is there a better way to do this? What is the best approach? Thanks for the help!

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  • Hide individual regions on a territory map

    - by Paul
    I have a map of adjacent irregularly-shaped territories. It happens to be a county map, but that's not important. In the game, the player only sees a few to start, and as he progresses to new territories, the ones adjacent to it are revealed. It's a territory-scale fog-of-war. I'm using Unity3D, and my inclination is to make a set of planes, each of which has an image of a single territory on it, and then arrange them manually like a jigsaw puzzle. It then is fairly easy to respond to a click on each region and also to mark the planes as visible or invisible, or even do clever things like fade or zoom on individual regions. This sounds like an arduous task, and if we need to change the visual design of the territories, we'd have to cut up the main map all over again into each of the individual pieces. Does anyone have a more elegant solution to this problem?

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  • How to efficiently map tokens to code in a script interpreter?

    - by lithander
    I'm writing an interpreter for a simple scripting language where each line is a complete, executable command. (Like the instructions in assembler) When parsing a line I have to map the requested command to actual code. My current solution looks like this: std::string op, param1, param2; //parse line, identify op, param1, param2 ... //call command specific code if(op == "MOV") ExecuteMov(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "ROT") ExecuteRot(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "SZE") ExecuteSze(AsNumber(param1)); else if(op == "POS") ExecutePos((AsNumber(param1), AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "DIR") ExecuteDir((AsNumber(param1), AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "SET") ExecuteSet(param1, AsNumber(param2)); else if(op == "EVL") ... The more commands are supported the more string comparisions I'll have to do to identify and call the associated method. Can you point me to a more efficient implementation in the described scenario?

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  • Collision detection via adjacent tiles - sprite too big

    - by BlackMamba
    I have managed to create a collision detection system for my tile-based jump'n'run game (written in C++/SFML), where I check on each update what values the surrounding tiles of the player contain and then I let the player move accordingly (i. e. move left when there is an obstacle on the right side). This works fine when the player sprite is not too big: Given a tile size of 5x5 pixels, my solution worked quite fine with a spritesize of 3x4 and 5x5 pixels. My problem is that I actually need the player to be quite gigantic (34x70 pixels given the same tilesize). When I try this, there seems to be an invisible, notably smaller boundingbox where the player collides with obstacles, the player also seems to shake strongly. Here some images to explain what I mean: Works: http://tinypic.com/r/207lvfr/8 Doesn't work: http://tinypic.com/r/2yuk02q/8 Another example of non-functioning: http://tinypic.com/r/kexbwl/8 (the player isn't falling, he stays there in the corner) My code for getting the surrounding tiles looks like this (I removed some parts to make it better readable): std::vector<std::map<std::string, int> > Game::getSurroundingTiles(sf::Vector2f position) { // converting the pixel coordinates to tilemap coordinates sf::Vector2u pPos(static_cast<int>(position.x/tileSize.x), static_cast<int>(position.y/tileSize.y)); std::vector<std::map<std::string, int> > surroundingTiles; for(int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) { // calculating the relative position of the surrounding tile(s) int c = i % 3; int r = static_cast<int>(i/3); // we subtract 1 to place the player in the middle of the 3x3 grid sf::Vector2u tilePos(pPos.x + (c - 1), pPos.y + (r - 1)); // this tells us what kind of block this tile is int tGid = levelMap[tilePos.y][tilePos.x]; // converts the coords from tile to world coords sf::Vector2u tileRect(tilePos.x*5, tilePos.y*5); // storing all the information std::map<std::string, int> tileDict; tileDict.insert(std::make_pair("gid", tGid)); tileDict.insert(std::make_pair("x", tileRect.x)); tileDict.insert(std::make_pair("y", tileRect.y)); // adding the stored information to our vector surroundingTiles.push_back(tileDict); } // I organise the map so that it is arranged like the following: /* * 4 | 1 | 5 * -- -- -- * 2 | / | 3 * -- -- -- * 6 | 0 | 7 * */ return surroundingTiles; } I then check in a loop through the surrounding tiles, if there is a 1 as gid (indicates obstacle) and then check for intersections with that adjacent tile. The problem I just can't overcome is that I think that I need to store the values of all the adjacent tiles and then check for them. How? And may there be a better solution? Any help is appreciated. P.S.: My implementation derives from this blog entry, I mostly just translated it from Objective-C/Cocos2d.

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  • Huge procedurally generated 'wilderness' worlds

    - by The Communist Duck
    I'm sure you all know of games like Dwarf Fortress - massive, procedural generated wilderness and land. Something like this, taken from this very useful article. However, I was wondering how I could apply this to a much larger scale; the scale of Minecraft comes to mind (isn't that something like 8x the size of the Earth's surface?). Pseudo-infinite, I think the best term would be. The article talks about fractal perlin noise. I am no way an expert on it, but I get the general idea (it's some kind of randomly generated noise which is semi-coherent, so not just random pixel values). I could just define regions X by X in size, add some region loading type stuff, and have one bit of noise generating a region. But this would result in just huge amounts of islands. On the other extreme, I don't think I can really generate a supermassive sheet of perlin noise. And it would just be one big island, I think. I am pretty sure Perlin noise, or some noise, would be the answer in some way. I mean, the map is really nice looking. And you could replace the ascii with tiles, and get something very nice looking. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks. :D

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  • Finding direction of travel in a world with wrapped edges

    - by crazy
    I need to find the shortest distance direction from one point in my 2D world to another point where the edges are wrapped (like asteroids etc). I know how to find the shortest distance but am struggling to find which direction it's in. The shortest distance is given by: int rows = MapY; int cols = MapX; int d1 = abs(S.Y - T.Y); int d2 = abs(S.X - T.X); int dr = min(d1, rows-d1); int dc = min(d2, cols-d2); double dist = sqrt((double)(dr*dr + dc*dc)); Example of the world : : T : :--------------:--------- : : : S : : : : : : T : : : :--------------: In the diagram the edges are shown with : and -. I've shown a wrapped repeat of the world at the top right too. I want to find the direction in degrees from S to T. So the shortest distance is to the top right repeat of T. but how do I calculate the direction in degreed from S to the repeated T in the top right? I know the positions of both S and T but I suppose I need to find the position of the repeated T however there more than 1. The worlds coordinates system starts at 0,0 at the top left and 0 degrees for the direction could start at West. It seems like this shouldn’t be too hard but I haven’t been able to work out a solution. I hope somone can help? Any websites would be appreciated.

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  • Large resolution differences

    - by Robin Betka
    I want to develop a game on multiple devices such as PC, Android or IOS. Want it to be in 1080p, but that means a massive scale down for the smartphones. I know how to do that, just render everything on a 1080p rendertarget and then render it on the screen smaller. But what should I do so that the scalling down doesn't look bad and blury? I can't do it vector based or anything because the sprites simply need a specific size. Should I make the sprites power of two size to get some nice mipmapping? And which other settings can I do? Or should I rather go with a lower resolution but then having a little bit worse look PC version? The performance seems not to be a problem for me, so would be sad not using 1080p because of other problems.

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  • GLSL: Strange light reflections [Solved]

    - by Tom
    According to this tutorial I'm trying to make a normal mapping using GLSL, but something is wrong and I can't find the solution. The output render is in this image: Image1 in this image is a plane with two triangles and each of it is different illuminated (that is bad). The plane has 6 vertices. In the upper left side of this plane are 2 identical vertices (same in the lower right). Here are some vectors same for each vertice: normal vector = 0, 1, 0 (red lines on image) tangent vector = 0, 0,-1 (green lines on image) bitangent vector = -1, 0, 0 (blue lines on image) here I have one question: The two identical vertices does need to have the same tangent and bitangent? I have tried to make other values to the tangents but the effect was still similar. Here are my shaders Vertex shader: #version 130 // Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader. in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace; in vec2 vertexUV; in vec3 vertexNormal_modelspace; in vec3 vertexTangent_modelspace; in vec3 vertexBitangent_modelspace; // Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment. out vec2 UV; out vec3 Position_worldspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform mat4 MVP; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1); // Position of the vertex, in worldspace : M * position Position_worldspace = (M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the camera, in camera space. // In camera space, the camera is at the origin (0,0,0). vec3 vertexPosition_cameraspace = ( V * M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; EyeDirection_cameraspace = vec3(0,0,0) - vertexPosition_cameraspace; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the light, in camera space. M is ommited because it's identity. vec3 LightPosition_cameraspace = ( V * vec4(LightPosition_worldspace,1)).xyz; LightDirection_cameraspace = LightPosition_cameraspace + EyeDirection_cameraspace; // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one. UV = vertexUV; // model to camera = ModelView vec3 vertexTangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexTangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexBitangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexBitangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexNormal_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexNormal_modelspace; mat3 TBN = transpose(mat3( vertexTangent_cameraspace, vertexBitangent_cameraspace, vertexNormal_cameraspace )); // You can use dot products instead of building this matrix and transposing it. See References for details. LightDirection_tangentspace = TBN * LightDirection_cameraspace; EyeDirection_tangentspace = TBN * EyeDirection_cameraspace; } Fragment shader: #version 130 // Interpolated values from the vertex shaders in vec2 UV; in vec3 Position_worldspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Ouput data out vec3 color; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform sampler2D DiffuseTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D NormalTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D SpecularTextureSampler; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Light emission properties // You probably want to put them as uniforms vec3 LightColor = vec3(1,1,1); float LightPower = 40.0; // Material properties vec3 MaterialDiffuseColor = texture2D( DiffuseTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb; vec3 MaterialAmbientColor = vec3(0.1,0.1,0.1) * MaterialDiffuseColor; //vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = texture2D( SpecularTextureSampler, UV ).rgb * 0.3; vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = vec3(0.5,0.5,0.5); // Local normal, in tangent space. V tex coordinate is inverted because normal map is in TGA (not in DDS) for better quality vec3 TextureNormal_tangentspace = normalize(texture2D( NormalTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb*2.0 - 1.0); // Distance to the light float distance = length( LightPosition_worldspace - Position_worldspace ); // Normal of the computed fragment, in camera space vec3 n = TextureNormal_tangentspace; // Direction of the light (from the fragment to the light) vec3 l = normalize(LightDirection_tangentspace); // Cosine of the angle between the normal and the light direction, // clamped above 0 // - light is at the vertical of the triangle -> 1 // - light is perpendicular to the triangle -> 0 // - light is behind the triangle -> 0 float cosTheta = clamp( dot( n,l ), 0,1 ); // Eye vector (towards the camera) vec3 E = normalize(EyeDirection_tangentspace); // Direction in which the triangle reflects the light vec3 R = reflect(-l,n); // Cosine of the angle between the Eye vector and the Reflect vector, // clamped to 0 // - Looking into the reflection -> 1 // - Looking elsewhere -> < 1 float cosAlpha = clamp( dot( E,R ), 0,1 ); color = // Ambient : simulates indirect lighting MaterialAmbientColor + // Diffuse : "color" of the object MaterialDiffuseColor * LightColor * LightPower * cosTheta / (distance*distance) + // Specular : reflective highlight, like a mirror MaterialSpecularColor * LightColor * LightPower * pow(cosAlpha,5) / (distance*distance); //color.xyz = E; //color.xyz = LightDirection_tangentspace; //color.xyz = EyeDirection_tangentspace; } I have replaced the original color value by EyeDirection_tangentspace vector and then I got other strange effect but I can not link the image (not eunogh reputation) Is it possible that with this shaders is something wrong, or maybe in other place in my code e.g with my matrices?

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  • Rotate canvas along its center based on user touch - Android

    - by Ganapathy
    I want to rotate the canvas circularly on its center axis based on user touch. i want to rotate based on center but its rotating based on top left corner . so i am able to see only 1/4 for rotation of image. any idea.. Like a old phone dialer . I have tried like as follows onDraw(Canvas canvas){ canvas.save(); // do my rotation canvas.rotate(rotation,0,0); canvas.drawBitmap( ((BitmapDrawable)d).getBitmap(),0,0,p ); canvas.restore(); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) { float x = e.getX(); float y = e.getY(); updateRotation(x,y); mPreviousX = x; mPreviousY = y; invalidate(); } private void updateRotation(float x, float y) { double r = Math.atan2(x - centerX, centerY - y); rotation = (int) Math.toDegrees(r); }

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  • What is the proper way to maintain the angle of a gun mounted on a car?

    - by Blair
    So I am making a simple game. I want to put a gun on top of a car. I want to be able to control the angle of the gun. Basically it can go forward all the way so that it is parallel to the ground facing the direction the car is moving or it can point behind the car and any of the angles in between these positions. I have something like the following right now but its not really working. Is there an better way to do this that I am not seeing? #This will place the car glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,1.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.rotation, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0) glScaled(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) glCallList(self.model.gl_list) glPopMatrix() #This will place the gun on top glPushMatrix() glTranslatef(self.position.x,2.5,self.position.z) glRotated(self.tube_angle, self.direction.z, 0.0, self.direction.x) print self.direction.z glRotated(45, self.position.z, 0.0, self.position.x) glScaled(1.0, 0.5, 1.0) glCallList(self.tube.gl_list) glPopMatrix() This almost works. It moves the gun up and down. But when the car moves around, the angle of the gun changes. Not what I want.

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  • Light shaped like a line

    - by Michael
    I am trying to figure out how line-shaped lights fit into the standard point light/spotlight/directional light scheme. The way I see it, there are two options: Seed the line with regular point lights and just deal with the artifacts. Easy, but seems wasteful. Make the line some kind of emissive material and apply a bloom effect. Sounds like it could work, but I can't test it in my engine yet. Is there a standard way to do this? Or for non-point lights in general?

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  • Entity Component System for HUD and GUI

    - by Jason L.
    This is a very rough sketch of how I currently have things designed. It should, at least, give an idea of how my ECS is currently designed. If you notice in that diagram, I have basically split the HUD out of the ECS. They have their own set of things (HudLayer, HudComponent, etc) and are handled differently. This is where I'm struggling, though. There are many different instances in which the HUD will need to know about entities. Not just data changing (I have an event dispatcher for that), but the actual entity and all it encompasses. There are also situations where entities will need to be able to query the HUD for data. Let's take a couple examples: First, my equipment screen. On here I can change the equipment on a character (Entity). In order for this to happen, I need to know about the entity. At least I think I do? How can I handle this? The second scenario involves my Systems needing to query a HudComponent for data. A specific example would be my battle system. Each "team" is given a 3x3 grid they can move around in. See here: Skills target these cells, and not the player, so I would need a way for my systems to determine which cells are occupied and which are not. Basically I need a way for two way communication between Systems and my HUD. I know it's recommended (by some people, anyways) to take your HUD out of the ECS. Is that appropriate in my case?

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  • 2D Grid Map Connectivity Check (avoiding stack overflow)

    - by SombreErmine
    I am trying to create a routine in C++ that will run before a more expensive A* algorithm that checks to see if two nodes on a 2D grid map are connected or not. What I need to know is a good way to accomplish this sequentially rather than recursively to avoid overflowing the stack. What I've Done Already I've implemented this with ease using a recursive algorithm; however, depending upon different situations it will generate a stack overflow. Upon researching this, I've come to the conclusion that it is overflowing the stack because of too many recursive function calls. I am sure that my recursion does not enter an infinite loop. I generate connected sets at the beginning of the level, and then I use those connected sets to determine connectivity on the fly later. Basically, the generating algorithm starts from left-to-right top-to-bottom. It skips wall nodes and marks them as visited. Whenever it reaches a walkable node, it recursively checks in all four cardinal directions for connected walkable nodes. Every node that gets checked is marked as visited so they aren't handled twice. After checking a node, it is added to either a walls set, a doors set, or one of multiple walkable nodes sets. Once it fills that area, it continues the original ltr ttb loop skipping already-visited nodes. I've also looked into flood-fill algorithms, but I can't make sense of the sequential algorithms and how to adapt them. Can anyone suggest a better way to accomplish this without causing a stack overflow? The only way I can think of is to do the left-to-right top-to-bottom loop generating connected sets on a row basis. Then check the previous row to see if any of the connected sets are connected and then join the sets that are. I haven't decided on the best data structures to use for that though. I also just thought about having the connected sets pre-generated outside the game, but I wouldn't know where to start with creating a tool for that. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Collision with half semi-circle

    - by heitortsergent
    I am trying to port a game I made using Flash/AS3, to the Windows Phone using C#/XNA 4.0. You can see it here: http://goo.gl/gzFiE In the flash version I used a pixel-perfect collision between meteors (it's a rectangle, and usually rotated) that spawn outside the screen, and move towards the center, and a shield in the center of the screen(which is half of a semi-circle, also rotated by the player), which made the meteor bounce back in the opposite direction it came from, when they collided. My goal now is to make the meteors bounce in different angles, depending on the position it collides with the shield (much like Pong, hitting the borders causes a change in the ball's angle). So, these are the 3 options I thought of: -Pixel-perfect collision (microsoft has a sample(http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/tutorial/collision_2d_perpixel_transformed)) , but then I wouldn't know how to change the meteor angle after the collision -3 BoundingCircle's to represent the half semi-circle shield, but then I would have to somehow move them as I rotate the shield. -Farseer Physics. I could make a shape composed of 3 lines, and use that as the collision object for the shield. Is there any other way besides those? Which would be the best way to do it(it's aimed towards mobile devices, so pixel-perfect is probably not a good choice)? Most of the time there's always a easier/better way than what we think of...

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  • Math major as a viable degree

    - by Zak O'Keefe
    While I realize there are many topics about CS vs software engineering vs game school programs, I haven't found anything relating to whether pure math degrees (with CS minor and electives) would also be a viable program. By this I mean: Would having a math major, CS minor put one at competitive disadvantage as compared to a pure CS program? This relates specifically to game engine programming, more on the graphics side. Background (for those who care): Currently a math major, CS minor at school and looking to land a career doing graphics engine programming. Admittedly, I love math and if at all possible would like to stay my current program as long as it doesn't put me at a competitive disadvantage trying to land a job post-graduation. That being said, I'm strong in the traditional C/C++ languages, strong concurrent programming skills, and currently produce self-made games for iOS. As an employer, how badly is the math major hurting me? Just want to get some advice from people already in the field!

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  • How to keep balance / Unlock items / achievement rules

    - by Mark Knol
    I'm working on an engine for a game, too learn javascript and just because its fun. I'm a flashdeveloper, I know how to build websites. Now making games is a different challenge, javascript is a challenge, but I'd love to learn how to structure code and what patterns are common. I dont mind if the game ever finish, I'm mostly interested in the programming part of it. I dont have a particular endresult in mind, so I'll see where it takes me. I currently have a system where you can buy items. The items cost a specified amount of gold, silver, diamonds etc. When you have selected and bought the item, it takes time before getting rewarded. When time is over, you are getting rewarded with other properties (gold, energy, diamonds). For example, you can buy an apple for 50gold, It takes a minute, you get rewarded with 75energy. Or if you take a run, it cost 50energy, it takes 5minutes, reward is 25gold and 25silver. These definitions is what i call actions. Currently I already have a system where this already works and I can define as much actions with as much properties as I want. The definitions I have kinda looks like this: {id:101, category:544, onInit:{gold:-75}, onComplete:{energy:75}, time:2000, name:"Apple", locked: false} {id:102, category:544, onInit:{gold:-135}, onComplete:{energy:145}, time:2000, name:"Banana", locked: false} {id:106, category:302, onInit:{energy:-50, power: -25}, onComplete:{gold:100, diamonds:2}, time:10000, name:"Run", locked: false} {id:107, category:302, onInit:{energy:-70, silver: -55}, onComplete:{gold:100}, time:10000, name:"Dance", locked: false} {id:108, category:302, onInit:{energy:-230, power: -355}, onComplete:{gold:70, silver:70}, time:10000, name:"Fitness", locked: false} Now, I would love to add a system where I can lock/unlock the actions using achievement rules. Lets say, if you buy 10 apples, you unlock a new action, like bananas which cost more, and reward more. In the future I maybe want to restrict achievements and actions to levels. I am kinda stuck how to structure this. I have 2 questions: Which patterns are used to define achievements? How/where are they defined? Should it be part of the action, or should it be a separate controller? Is it a good idea to register all completed actions to it? I think I want multiple types of achievement rules, Id love to hear some ideas how to develop it. How do you create/find a good balance, so the user does not get stuck or can cheat by repeat a pattern of actions to get too much rewards. I know there is not a simple answer and i'm lacking of a good game-concept, but I wonder if anyone created such a game and how you dealed and played with it.

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  • Simple question about a cocos2d based game template

    - by Zishan
    I am learning a cocos2d based Game template tutorial from here and now I am at this point of the tutorial. My question is, how can i run 30 different scenes in 30 different levels of 5 chapter? Now I am using this switch (gameData.selectedLevel) { case 1: [SceneManager goChapter1Level1Scene]; break; (... snip a whole lot of lines...) case 30: [SceneManager goChapter5Level6Scene]; break; default: break; } in the "- (void) onPlay: (CCMenuItemImage*) sender" method. But it work only for 6 levels scene of chapter1. Other 4 chapters levels are show as same as 1st chapter levels scene. they are not show their own level scene. can any one please teach me, how can I do this stuff using this game template?

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