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• SSH to an ubuntu machine using avahi

  - by tensaiji

  I have an ubuntu box that I connect to using avahi. Connecting to that box works fine for all services (I regularly use AFP, SSH and SMB on it) but I've noticed that whenever I connect to it from a mac using SSH (and using the ".local" dns name provided by avahi - eg. "ssh .local") SSH tries to connect using ipv6, which for some reason times out (after two minutes) then it tries ipv4 which connects immediately. I'd like to avoid this timeout, as it's really annoying for me and other users - if SSH tried ipv4 first or if ssh over ipv6 worked then that would solve the problem. But so far I've been unable to get either to work (the best I've managed is to specify the "-4" option to SSH to stop it from trying ipv6 at all). I'm using Ubuntu 10.04. Any solution has to be on the server (not the client) as there are multiple clients connecting. A possible complication might be that my LAN is set up to allow link-local ipv6 addresses only, but I have other servers (using Mac OS) that I can SSH into using ipv6) I suspect that the problem could be solved by either preventing avahi from broadcasting the ipv6 address, or by enabling ssh over ipv6, but so far as I can tell avahi is already configured not to broadcast the ipv6 address and sshd is configured to allow ipv6 connections! Here's my /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf (I don't think I've changed anything from the ubuntu defaults) [server] #host-name=foo #domain-name=local #browse-domains=0pointer.de, zeroconf.org use-ipv4=yes use-ipv6=no #allow-interfaces=eth0 #deny-interfaces=eth1 #check-response-ttl=no #use-iff-running=no #enable-dbus=yes #disallow-other-stacks=no #allow-point-to-point=no [wide-area] enable-wide-area=yes [publish] #disable-publishing=no #disable-user-service-publishing=no #add-service-cookie=no #publish-addresses=yes #publish-hinfo=yes #publish-workstation=yes #publish-domain=yes #publish-dns-servers=192.168.50.1, 192.168.50.2 #publish-resolv-conf-dns-servers=yes #publish-aaaa-on-ipv4=yes #publish-a-on-ipv6=no [reflector] #enable-reflector=no #reflect-ipv=no [rlimits] #rlimit-as= rlimit-core=0 rlimit-data=4194304 rlimit-fsize=0 rlimit-nofile=300 rlimit-stack=4194304 rlimit-nproc=3 and here's my sshd_config (mainly updated to only allow pub/private keys): # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 180 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication no AllowGroups sshusers # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM yes Does anyone have any ideas that I can try, or has experienced anything similar?

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• http://localhost/ always gives 502 unknown host

  - by Nitesh Panchal

  My service for World Wide Web Publishing Service started successfully but whenever I browse to http://localhost/ I always get 502 Unknown host. Also, wampapache is installed side by side but when I stop IIS service and start wampapache from services.msc I get error and when I view it in System event log I get this error: - <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"> - <System> <Provider Name="Service Control Manager" Guid="{555908d1-a6d7-4695-8e1e-26931d2012f4}" EventSourceName="Service Control Manager" /> <EventID Qualifiers="49152">7024</EventID> <Version>0</Version> <Level>2</Level> <Task>0</Task> <Opcode>0</Opcode> <Keywords>0x8080000000000000</Keywords> <TimeCreated SystemTime="2011-06-12T17:43:28.223498400Z" /> <EventRecordID>346799</EventRecordID> <Correlation /> <Execution ProcessID="456" ThreadID="3936" /> <Channel>System</Channel> <Computer>MACHINENAME</Computer> <Security /> </System> - <EventData> <Data Name="param1">wampapache</Data> <Data Name="param2">%%1</Data> </EventData> </Event> I am fed up of this error and it is driving me nuts. I feel like banging my head against the laptop. I am really serious. Without concentrating on my real application I am trying to solve this issue since 3 hours. I google various threads and few of them said that there could be issue of Reporting Services or Skype. But I have uninstalled Skype and Reporting Services are disabled. What more should I do? I have hosts file present in etc directory and it does have mapping for localhost to 127.0.0.1. What more could I do?

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• What's the best way to do user profile/folder redirect/home directory archiving?

  - by tpederson

  My company is in dire need of a redesign around how we handle user account administration. I've been tasked with automating the process. The end goal is to have the whole works triggered by the business, and IT only looking in when there's an error reported. The interim phase is going to be semi-manual. That is a level 2 tech inputs the user's info and supervises the process. The current hurdle I'm facing is user profile archiving. Our security team requires us to archive the profile directories for any terminated user for 60 days in case the legal team requires access to their files. Our AD is as much a mess as everything else, so there are some users with home directories and some with profiles. Anyone who has a profile dir in AD also has a good deal of their profile redirected to our file servers over DFS. In order to complete the process manually you find the user in AD, disable them, find their home/profile dir, go there and take ownership, create an archive folder, move all their files over, then delete the old dir. Some users have many many gigs of nonsense and this can take quite some time. Even automated the process would not be a quick one. I'm thinking that I need to have a client side C# GUI for the quick stuff and some server side batch script or console app to offload this long running process. I have a batch script that works decently using takeown and robocopy, but I wonder if a C# console app would do a better job. So, my question at long last is, what do you think is the best way to handle this? I can't imagine this is a unique problem, how do other admins get this done? The last place I worked was easily 10x larger than the place I'm in now. If we would have been doing this manual crap there, they'd have needed a team of at least 30 full time workers to keep up. I have decent skills in C#.net and batch scripting, but am a quick study and I have used most every language once or twice. Thank you for reading this and I look forward to seeing what imaginative solutions you all can come up with.

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• Airport Express chokes Wi-Fi for a few seconds, several times per hour. Any idea why?

  - by user13727

  I'm using a MacBookPro connected to an AiportExpress' Wi-FI network. Every once in a while, the Wi-Fi will choke up and either drop some packets, or lag horribly for several seconds. I'm losing hair over this because every time I chat on Skype, the call hangs randomly due to this problem. Any idea what's wrong? Some more details: two networks are set up: 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz, and the issue happens on both the network uses WPA2 Personal for security the Airport is in the same room with my computer the Airport is fairly new, bought this summer, model number off the back: A1392 tried connecting to a neighbours wifi to see if it's a problem with my computer, or interference. It's not, it doesn't happen on their network. tried resetting it several times tried changing channels manually Ping results are below, so you can see what I'm talking about. EDIT: 10.0.1.1 is the Airport's IP 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1795 ttl=255 time=0.813 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1796 ttl=255 time=3.335 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1797 ttl=255 time=3.403 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1798 ttl=255 time=3.414 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1799 ttl=255 time=3.227 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1800 ttl=255 time=3.274 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1801 ttl=255 time=3.253 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1802 ttl=255 time=3.292 ms >>>> choke starts <<< 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1803 ttl=255 time=53.977 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1804 ttl=255 time=35.049 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1805 ttl=255 time=19.820 ms >>>> choke ends <<< 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1806 ttl=255 time=0.716 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1807 ttl=255 time=0.705 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1808 ttl=255 time=0.919 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1809 ttl=255 time=0.659 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1810 ttl=255 time=0.877 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1811 ttl=255 time=0.679 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1812 ttl=255 time=0.854 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1813 ttl=255 time=0.644 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1814 ttl=255 time=3.779 ms ... time passes .. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1599 ttl=255 time=0.674 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1600 ttl=255 time=0.930 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1601 ttl=255 time=0.665 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1602 ttl=255 time=1.085 ms Request timeout for icmp_seq 1603 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1604 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1605 ttl=255 time=104.969 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1606 ttl=255 time=11.521 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1607 ttl=255 time=0.926 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1608 ttl=255 time=0.993 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=1609 ttl=255 time=0.745 ms And the Signal-Noise ratio:

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• VirtualBox - multiple guests, each with a single bridged adapter?

  - by Martin

  I am running a dedicated server (located at Hetzner, Germany) that runs VirtualBox in order to virtualize several services accross multiple virtual guests. Those guests are supposed to communicate with each other (for instance, a virtual web server has to access a virtual database server); to be reachable from the dedicated server (for instance, SSH access); and to access the Internet via the dedicated server (for instance, to download security updates) Currently, this is achieved by having host-only adapter vboxnet0 on the dedicated server and two virtual interfaces on each guest. There, virtual adapter eth0 is attached to vboxnet0 (to achieve (1) and (2)), virtual adapter eth1 is attached to VirtualBox' NAT (to achieve (3)). Via eth0, the guests have access to a DHCP and a DNS server, both running on the dedicated server (there, bound to vboxnet0). This allows me to assign custom IP addresses and names. Via eth1, VirtualBox pushes a proper route that enables each guest to access the Internet (via eth0 on the dedicated server). This setup with two virtual adapters frequently leads to problems and at leasts complicates many things. For instance, on the dedicated server there is OpenVPN which allows to access the virtual machines via the Internet; futhermore, there is Shorwall that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic between the Internet, the dedicated server, and the individual virtual machines. Not to mention automatic installation of servers via PXE... Therefore, I would prefer to have only one single virtual adapter on each guest which would be used for both incoming and outgoing connections. As far as I understand, one would basically use a bridged interface for that very purpose. Now the question arises: Which interface on the dedicated server would the bridge use? eth0 on the host server is not an option, as this is prohibited by the provider. A virtual interface eth0:0 would not make any sense, as a bridge always uses a physical interface (eth0 in this case). Would it be possible to create a bridged interface in each virtual machine that would "dangle in the air"? Thus, without a complement on the dedicated server? How would I have to set up the routing on the host server? Please note that the host / dedicated server has only one network adapter (eth0) which is connected to the provider's network. Regards, Martin

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• Different files on shared partition?

  - by Matt Robertson

  I am dual-booting Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04. My partition scheme looks like this: /dev/sda1 - Windows 8 (nfts) /dev/sda2 - Ubuntu / (ext4) /dev/sda3 - Ubuntu home (ext4) /dev/sda5 - swap /dev/sda6 - Shared data partition (exfat) (First off, yes I do have exfat libraries installed on Ubuntu) I created some PNG images in Windows and saved them on my shared partition. From Ubuntu, I edited the images in GIMP and saved them (replacing the ones on the shared partition). When I boot into Windows, the files appear unchanged - exactly like they did before I edited them from Ubuntu. I even added a folder and deleted some other files, but none of these changes exist in Windows. When I boot into Ubuntu, all of the changes are still there. It is as if Windows is caching the old file structure... How is this possible? Thanks in advance. Edit -- commands output ~~ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 165.1G 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 21.3G 0 part / +-sda3 8:3 0 98.9G 0 part /home +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 7.8G 0 part [SWAP] +-sda6 8:6 0 172.7G 0 part /mnt/shared_data ~~ /etc/fstab # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # /dev/sda2 UUID=8f700f65-b5c7-4afc-a6fb-8f9271e0fb5e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /dev/sda3 UUID=f0d688b7-22bd-4fa7-bc1b-a594af2933fa /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda5 UUID=3bc2399b-5deb-4f04-924b-d4fc77491997 none swap sw 0 0 # /dev/sda6 UUID=F2DE-BC47 /mnt/shared_data exfat defaults 0 3 ~~ /etc/mtab /dev/sda2 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home ext4 rw 0 0 /dev/sda6 /mnt/shared_data fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/matt/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=matt 0 0

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• Can't connect to svnserve on localhost - connection actively refused

  - by RMorrisey

  When I try to connect using Tortoise to my SVN server using: svn://localhost/ Tortoise tells me: "Can't connect to host 'localhost'. No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it." How can I fix this? I am trying to set up a subversion server on my local PC for personal use. I am running Windows Vista, with SlikSVN and TortoiseSVN installed. I previously had everything working correctly, but I found that I couldn't merge(!), apparently due to a version mismatch between the SVN client and server. Anyway... I now have the following setup: I created a repository using svnadmin create; it resides at C:\svnGrove C:\svnGrove\conf\svnserve.conf (# comments omitted): [general] anon-access=read auth-access=write password-db=passwd #authz-db=authz realm=svnGrove C:\svnGrove\conf\passwd: [users] myname=mypass My Subversion Server service is pointed to: C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\svnserve.exe --service -r C:\svnGrove It shows the TCP/IP service as a dependency. I have also tried running svnserve from the command line, with similar results. The below is provided by the 'about' option in TortoiseSVN: TortoiseSVN 1.6.10, Build 19898 - 32 Bit , 2010/07/16 15:46:08 Subversion 1.6.12, apr 1.3.8 apr-utils 1.3.9 neon 0.29.3 OpenSSL 0.9.8o 01 Jun 2010 zlib 1.2.3 The following is from svn --version on the command line (not sure why it says CollabNet, CollabNet was the previous SVN binary that I had set up. The uninstaller failed to remove everything gracefully): svn, version 1.6.12 (SlikSvn/1.6.12) WIN32 compiled Jun 22 2010, 20:45:29 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 CollabNet. Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.tigris.org/ This product includes software developed by CollabNet (http://www.Collab.Net/). The following repository access (RA) modules are available: * ra_neon : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV protocol using Neon. - handles 'http' scheme - handles 'https' scheme * ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol. - with Cyrus SASL authentication - handles 'svn' scheme * ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk. - handles 'file' scheme * ra_serf : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV protocol using serf. - handles 'http' scheme - handles 'https' scheme I disabled my Windows Firewall and CA Internet Security, without success in resolving the issue. Edit The old version of svnserve was still set up as a service after the uninstall, pointed to this path: C:\Program Files\Subversion\svn-win32-1.4.6\bin I edited the registry key for the service to point to the new path (shown above). Whether I run svnserve as a service, or using -d, I do not see an entry for that port number in the listing generated by netstat -anp tcp.

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• Suspicious process running under user named

  - by Amit

  I get a lot of emails reporting this and I want this issue to auto correct itself. These process are run by my server and are a result of updates, session deletion and other legitimate session handling reported as false positives. Here's a sample report: Time: Sat Oct 20 00:00:03 2012 -0400 PID: 20077 Account: named Uptime: 326117 seconds Executable: /usr/sbin/nsd\00507d27e9\0053\00\00\00\00\00 (deleted) The file system shows this process is running an executable file that has been deleted. This typically happens when the original file has been replaced by a new file when the application is updated. To prevent this being reported again, restart the process that runs this excecutable file. See csf.conf and the PT_DELETED text for more information about the security implications of processes running deleted executable files. Command Line (often faked in exploits): /usr/sbin/nsd -c /etc/nsd/nsd.conf Network connections by the process (if any): udp: xx.xx.xxx.xx:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 udp: 127.0.0.1:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 udp: xx.xx.xxx.xx:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 tcp: xx.xx.xxx.xx:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 tcp: 127.0.0.1:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 tcp: xx.xx.xxx.xx:53 -> 0.0.0.0:0 Files open by the process (if any): /dev/null /dev/null /dev/null Memory maps by the process (if any): 0045e000-00479000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582025 /lib/ld-2.5.so 00479000-0047a000 r--p 0001a000 fd:00 2582025 /lib/ld-2.5.so 0047a000-0047b000 rw-p 0001b000 fd:00 2582025 /lib/ld-2.5.so 0047d000-005d5000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582073 /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc-2.5.so 005d5000-005d7000 r--p 00157000 fd:00 2582073 /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc-2.5.so 005d7000-005d8000 rw-p 00159000 fd:00 2582073 /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc-2.5.so 005d8000-005db000 rw-p 005d8000 00:00 0 005dd000-005e0000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582087 /lib/libdl-2.5.so 005e0000-005e1000 r--p 00002000 fd:00 2582087 /lib/libdl-2.5.so 005e1000-005e2000 rw-p 00003000 fd:00 2582087 /lib/libdl-2.5.so 0062b000-0063d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582079 /lib/libz.so.1.2.3 0063d000-0063e000 rw-p 00011000 fd:00 2582079 /lib/libz.so.1.2.3 00855000-0085f000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582022 /lib/libnss_files-2.5.so 0085f000-00860000 r--p 00009000 fd:00 2582022 /lib/libnss_files-2.5.so 00860000-00861000 rw-p 0000a000 fd:00 2582022 /lib/libnss_files-2.5.so 00ac0000-00bea000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2582166 /lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e 00bea000-00bfe000 rw-p 00129000 fd:00 2582166 /lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8e 00bfe000-00c01000 rw-p 00bfe000 00:00 0 00e68000-00e69000 r-xp 00e68000 00:00 0 [vdso] 08048000-08074000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 927261 /usr/sbin/nsd 08074000-08079000 rw-p 0002b000 fd:00 927261 /usr/sbin/nsd 08079000-0808c000 rw-p 08079000 00:00 0 08a20000-08a67000 rw-p 08a20000 00:00 0 b7f8d000-b7ff2000 rw-p b7f8d000 00:00 0 b7ffd000-b7ffe000 rw-p b7ffd000 00:00 0 bfa6d000-bfa91000 rw-p bffda000 00:00 0 [stack] Would /etc/nsd/restart or kill -1 20077 solve the problem?

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• Nginx Proxying to Multiple IP Addresses for CMS' Website Preview

  - by Matthew Borgman

  First-time poster, so bear with me. I'm relatively new to Nginx, but have managed to figure out what I've needed... until now. Nginx v1.0.15 is proxying to PHP-FPM v.5.3.10, which is listening at http://127.0.0.1:9000. [Knock on wood] everything has been running smoothly in terms of hosting our CMS and many websites. Now, we've developed our CMS and configured Nginx such that each supported website has a preview URL (e.g. http://[WebsiteID].ourcms.com/) where the site can be, you guessed it, previewed in those situations where DNS doesn't yet resolve to our server, etc. Specifically, we use Nginx's Map module (http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpMapModule) and a regular expression in the server_name of the CMS' server{ } block to 1) lookup a website's primary domain name from its preview URL and then 2) forward the request to the "matched" primary domain. The corresponding Nginx configuration: map $host $h { 123.ourcms.com www.example1.com; 456.ourcms.com www.example2.com; 789.ourcms.com www.example3.com; } and server { listen [OurCMSIPAddress]:80; listen [OurCMSIPAddress]:443 ssl; root /var/www/ourcms.com; server_name ~^(.*)\.ourcms\.com$; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/ourcms.com.chained.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/ourcms.com.key; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/; proxy_set_header Host $h; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } (Note: I do realize that the regex in the server_name should be "tighter" for security reasons and match only the format of the website ID (i.e. a UUID in our case).) This configuration works for 99% of our sites... except those that have a dedicated IP address for an installed SSL certificate. A "502 Bad Gateway" is returned for these and I'm unsure as to why. This is how I think the current configuration works for any requests that match the regex (e.g. http://123.ourcms.com/): Nginx looks up the website's primary domain from the mapping, and as a result of the proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1 directive, passes the request back to Nginx itself, which since the proxied request has a hostname corresponding to the website's primary domain name, via the proxy_set_header Host $h directive, Nginx handles the request as if it was as direct request for that hostname. Please correct me if I'm wrong in this understanding. Should I be proxying to those website's dedicated IP addresses? I tried this, but it didn't seem to work? Is there a setting in the Proxy module that I'm missing? Thanks for the help. MB

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• Sharing folder in a Virtual Private Windows Server 2008 R2 ?

  - by Triztian

  See Edit 2: Hello all, seems my involvement with computers has grown and I've found my self in the need to access a shared folder on a server. I've read some documentation and managed to set up the folder as a share, for this I created a local group and for now just one local user that has access to the share, the folder is in the public user folder and it's permissions should be (and I believe they are) read/write. The problem is that I can't connect from a remote machine I mean I don't know how the way it should be accessed, the server has a public IP and we use it also as a host to our website I don't know if that affects it though, the folder will be used as the "keeper" for the QuickBooks company files and has the database server manager installed. I've tried setting up a VPN Connection to the but no success. The server has a domain name a "http://www.example.com" that redirects to our website, I am unsure if it could be accessed that way, also the share has a location displayed when I right-click properties Heres what I've tried Setting up a VPN Connection (Windows Vista and 7) Got to the point where I got asked for credential and entered the user I created (which is not an admin) but I got a "Connection fail error 800" I suppose this is because in the domain field I entered the servers workgroup. right-click add network connection (Windows 7) Went through the wizard until I reached the point of entering the location, tried many things, the name in the share's properties(\\SOMETHING\Share), the http://www.example.com , the IP address I'm quite unfamiliar with this, so I have my guesses: Since the group and user are local they do not have access to the folder. The firewall in the server is blocking my connection. Anyways, any help and guidence is truly appreciated. EDIT 1: As @tony roth pointed out it may be a security fail, an I commented it out to management and said that that is not an issue, so please bare with me. EDIT 2: I've found out that the real question could be streamlined to "Sharing folder in a Virtual Private Server?", as thats what we have, a virtual private windows server 2008 R2, and I would like to know how to make it show like a normal folder in the client computer. Thanks again for all of your support.

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• How to keep group-writeable shares on Samba with OSX clients?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  I have a FreeNAS server on a network with OSX and Windows clients. When the OSX clients interact with SMB/CIFS shares on the server, they are causing permission problems for all other clients. Update: I can no longer verify any answers because we abandoned the project, but feel free to post any help for future visitors. The details of this behavior seem to also be dependent on the version of OSX the client is running. For this question, let's assume a client running 10.8.2. When I mount the CIFS share on an OSX client and create a new directory on it, the directory will be created with drwxr-x-rx permissions. This is undesirable because it will not allow anyone but me to write to the directory. There are other users in my group which should have write permissions as well. This behavior happens even though the following settings are present in smb.conf on the server: [global] create mask= 0666 directory mask= 0777 [share] force directory mode= 0775 force create mode= 0660 I was under the impression that these settings should make sure that directories are at least created with rwxrwxr-x permissions. But, I guess, that doesn't stop the client from changing the permissions after creating the directory. When I create a folder on the same share from a Windows client, the new folder will have the desired access permissions (rwxrwxrwx), so I'm currently assuming that the problem lies with the OSX client. I guess this wouldn't be such an issue if you could easily change the permissions of the directories you've created, but you can't. When opening the directory info in Finder, I get the old "You have custom access" notice with no ability to make any changes. I'm assuming that this is caused because we're using Windows ACLs on the share, but that's just a wild guess. Changing the write permissions for the group through the terminal works fine, but this is unpractical for the deployment and unreasonable to expect from anyone to do. This is the complete smb.conf: [global] encrypt passwords = yes dns proxy = no strict locking = no read raw = yes write raw = yes oplocks = yes max xmit = 65535 deadtime = 15 display charset = LOCALE max log size = 10 syslog only = yes syslog = 1 load printers = no printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes smb passwd file = /var/etc/private/smbpasswd private dir = /var/etc/private getwd cache = yes guest account = nobody map to guest = Bad Password obey pam restrictions = Yes # NOTE: read smb.conf. directory name cache size = 0 max protocol = SMB2 netbios name = freenas workgroup = COMPANY server string = FreeNAS Server store dos attributes = yes hostname lookups = yes security = user passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://ldap.company.local ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=company,dc=local ldap suffix = dc=company,dc=local ldap user suffix = ou=Users ldap group suffix = ou=Groups ldap machine suffix = ou=Computers ldap ssl = off ldap replication sleep = 1000 ldap passwd sync = yes #ldap debug level = 1 #ldap debug threshold = 1 ldapsam:trusted = yes idmap uid = 10000-39999 idmap gid = 10000-39999 create mask = 0666 directory mask = 0777 client ntlmv2 auth = yes dos charset = CP437 unix charset = UTF-8 log level = 1 [share] path = /mnt/zfs0 printable = no veto files = /.snap/.windows/.zfs/ writeable = yes browseable = yes inherit owner = no inherit permissions = no vfs objects = zfsacl guest ok = no inherit acls = Yes map archive = No map readonly = no nfs4:mode = special nfs4:acedup = merge nfs4:chown = yes hide dot files force directory mode = 0775 force create mode = 0660

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• batch file infinite loop when parsing file

  - by Bart

  Okay, this should be a really simple task but its proving to be more complicated than I think it should be. I'm clearly doing something wrong, and would like someone else's input. What I would like to do is parse through a file containing paths to directories and set permissions on those directories. An example line of the input file. There are several lines, all formatted the same way, with a different path to a directory. E:\stuff\Things\something else (X)\ (The file in question is generated under Cygwin using find to list all directories with "(X)" in the name. The file is then passed through unix2win to make it windows compatible. I've also tried manually creating the input file from within windows to rule out the file's creation method as the problem.) Here's where I'm stuck... I wrote the following quick and dirty batch file in Windows XP and it worked without any issues at all, but it will not work in server 2k8. Batch file code to run through the file and set permissions: FOR /F "tokens=*" %%A IN (dirlist.txt) DO echo y| cacls "%%A" /T /C /G "Domain Admins":f "Some Group":f "some-security-group":f What this is SUPPOSED to do (and does in XP) is loop through the specified file (dirlist.txt) and run cacls.exe on each directory it pulls from the file. The "echo y|" is in there to automagically confirm when cacls helpfully asks "are you sure?" for every directory in the list. Unfortunately, however, what it DOES is fall into an infinite loop. I've tried surrounding everything after "DO" with quotes, which prevents the endless loop but confuses cacls so it throws an error. Interestingly, I've tried running the code from after "DO" manually (obviously replacing the variable with the full path, copied straight from the file) at a command prompt and it runs as expected. I don't think it's the file or the loop, as adding quotes to the command to be executed prevents the loop from continuing past where it's supposed to... I really have no idea at this point. Any help would be appreciated. I have a feeling it's going to be something increadibly stupid... but I'm pulling my hair out so I thought I'd ask.

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• Routing and Remote Access Service won't start after full disk

  - by NKCSS

  The HDD of the server was out of disk space, and after a reboot, RRAS won't start anymore on my 2008 R2 server. Error Details: Log Name: System Source: RemoteAccess Date: 2/5/2012 9:39:52 PM Event ID: 20153 Task Category: None Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: Windows14111.<snip> Description: The currently configured accounting provider failed to load and initialize successfully. The connection was prevented because of a policy configured on your RAS/VPN server. Specifically, the authentication method used by the server to verify your username and password may not match the authentication method configured in your connection profile. Please contact the Administrator of the RAS server and notify them of this error. Event Xml: <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"> <System> <Provider Name="RemoteAccess" /> <EventID Qualifiers="0">20153</EventID> <Level>2</Level> <Task>0</Task> <Keywords>0x80000000000000</Keywords> <TimeCreated SystemTime="2012-02-05T20:39:52.000Z" /> <EventRecordID>12148869</EventRecordID> <Channel>System</Channel> <Computer>Windows14111.<snip></Computer> <Security /> </System> <EventData> <Data>The connection was prevented because of a policy configured on your RAS/VPN server. Specifically, the authentication method used by the server to verify your username and password may not match the authentication method configured in your connection profile. Please contact the Administrator of the RAS server and notify them of this error.</Data> <Binary>2C030000</Binary> </EventData> </Event> I think it has something to do with a corrupt config file, but I am unsure of what to do. I Removed the RRAS role, rebooted, and re-added, but it keeps failing with the same error. Thanks in advance. [UPDATE] If i set the accounting provider from 'Windows' to '' the service starts but VPN won't work. Any ideas how this can be repaired?

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• Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at www.google.com

  - by Tom

  My home page in Firefox [v4.0] and Internet Explorer [v9.0.8112.16421, Update Versions RTM (KB982861)] is currently set to Google but when I depress the quick start icon to start up either browser, I am getting the following immediate results: Unable to connect (In Firefox) Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at www.google.com. The site could be temporarily unavailable or too busy. Try again in a few moments. If you are unable to load any pages, check your computer's network connection. If your computer or network is protected by a firewall or proxy, make sure that Firefox is permitted to access the Web. Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage What you can try: Diagnose Connection Problems More information This problem can be caused by a variety of issues, including: Internet connectivity has been lost. The website is temporarily unavailable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) is not reachable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) does not have a listing for the website's domain. There might be a typing error in the address. If this is an HTTPS (secure) address, click Tools, click Internet Options, click Advanced, and check to be sure the SSL and TLS protocols are enabled under the security section. For offline users You can still view subscribed feeds and some recently viewed webpages. To view subscribed feeds: Click the Favorites button , click Feeds, and then click the feed you want to view. To view recently visited webpages (might not work on all pages): Press Alt, click File, and then click Work Offline. Click the Favorites button, click History, and then click the page you want to view. Thankfully, I am able to use one browser that I have installed on my computer (Mathon v3.0.20.5000) to search online for technical assistance in this matter. I have seen several WinSock error issues mentioned; but, they are pointing to Windows XP and I am using Windows 7 Pro and remain uncertain whether anything identified as a fix for one OS will work in another. Things I've tried: HiJackThis Complete scan with Avira AntiVirus Premium. What am I overlooking? What should I do to address this problem?

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• How to set up a file server in a restricted corporate environment

  - by Emilio M Bumachar

  I work in a big corporation, and the disk space my team gets in the corporate file server is so low, I am considering turning my work PC into a file server. I ask this community for links to tutorials, software suggestions, and advice in general about how to set it up. My machine is an Intel Core2Duo E7500 @ 3GHz, 3 GB of RAM, Running Windows XP Service Pack 3. Upgrading, formatting or installing another OS is out of the question. But I do have Administrator priviledges on the PC, and I can install programs (at least for now). A lot of security software I don't even know about is and must remain installed. But I only need communication whithin the corporate network, which is not restricted. People have usernames (logins) on the corporate network, and I need to use them to restrict access. Simply put, I have a list of logins of team members, and only people in the list should access the files. I have about 150 GB of free disk space. I'm thinking of allocating 100 GB to the team's shared files. I plan monthly backups on machines of co-workers, same configuration. But automation of backups is a nice, unnecessary feature: it's totally acceptable for me to manually copy the contents to a different machine once a month. Uptime is important, as everyone would use these files in their daily work. I have experience as a python and C programmer, but no experience whatsoever as a sysadmin, and almost nothing of my programming experience is network programming. I'm a complete beginner in this. Thanks in advance for any help. EDIT I honestly appreciate all the warnings, I really do, but what I plan to make available is mostly stuff that now is solely on DVDs just for space reasons. It's 'daily work' to read them, but 'daily work write' files will remain on the corporate server. As for the importance of uptime, I think I overstated it: a few outages are OK, it's already an improvement over getting the DVDs. As for policy, my manager is kind of on my side, I will confirm that before making my move. As for getting more space through the proper channels, well, that was Plan A, and it's still on the table... But I don't have much hope. I'm not as "core businees" as I'd like.

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• Use windows 7 inside virtual box,as guest i mean, to create a Windows 7 USB using "Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool" ? (Linux as host)

  - by Abel Coto

  I want to download the Windows 7 professional iso (x32), from microsoft, and , i can do two things. Or buy a new burner , as mine doesn't work (i am trying to decide what dvd writer i could buy) or use a usb dongle to copy the iso to it , and install it via usb. I want to install Windows 7 in a netbook that now has debian,and in my pc. I think i have to buy only the license for the pc , as the netbook came with windows 7 preinstalled, so i suppose that i can use that serial to activate the windows , although i don't know how to install windows 7 starter instead of professional (i think if you remove a file from the iso, windows let you choose the edition to install). The problem is that in both pcs there isn't any windows , only debian. My father has a netbook with windows 7 starter, but i think it hasn't antivirus (at least until have the Karspersky Internet security for 3 pcs bought ), and i don't trust to make the usb there , if i don't now that there isn't any virus or malware. So i am trying to find a way of Create a Windows 7 usb installation , to at least be able to install windows 7 in the netbook without a external dvd writer. I know that with dd in linux you can copy a debian.iso to the usb , and then install debian with it (i've done it) using something like dd if=win7.iso of=/dev/sdb, but i don't know if this would work for windows 7 iso,and if dd will correctly copy the iso to the usb. I suppose that if you are able to boot and install windows 7 from the usb , is that the method works,and you can forget of problems later with the windows 7 installation (problems because some files could not be copied or like). So , i remembered that Microsoft created a tool to copy the iso to the usb using windows. So i thought that i could install in my pc , virtual box , as i have VT and 8 GB ram in it, and download the iso from microsoft ,install windows 7 in the virtual machine , and then copy the iso inside the machine , donwload the iso tool, and atach a usb to the pc, connect it to the guest , and use the tool to copy the iso to the USB. But i don't now if is possible to use a virtual machine to do this , or the virtualization could give problems with the usb, or something. I have found some minutes ago this How to make a windows 7 usb flash install media, from linux? The first method (dd) is the one i like more , and i trust more ( i don't now if the second method using ms-sys , works well , and if i can trust it. I understand that a iso is like a .rar , but no compressed,only containing the files ,so mount the iso and cp the data inside perhaps is ok. Although the method i like more is the microsoft one (more because is from microsoft , and i suppose they now what they do ,at least with this usb related thing, than anything). Perhaps worth more to buy a external dvd writer haha ... Should the virtual machine method work ?

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• WiFi signal is lost every 3 minutes

  - by Software Monkey

  For several weeks now my Android phone has been losing it's WiFi signal momentarily, typically at about 3 minute intervals (about 3 minutes, 1.5 seconds) and occasionally at some longer interval that always seems to be just over 3 minutes. This causes an interruption of several seconds while the WiFi connection is re-established and typically fails any kind of download/streaming that is happening, makes web sites "unreachable" and generally makes the phone unusable as a data device due to the frequency. The signal remains down for about a second, but the phone takes a few more seconds to reconnect to the router. This happens regardless of proximity to the router, which otherwise show a very strong signal - usually -40 to -30 dBm or better in the same room, nowhere less than 060 dBm anywhere in the house. Changing channels does not help (I've tried 1, 4, 8 and 9). Nor does turning off the router's guest access. Nor does turning off the 5.0 GHz band. Monitoring the signal on my phone with WiFi analyzer, shows all WiFi signals on all channels drop to nothing when the WiFi connection is lost (there are two other networks on different channels which are strong enough to be relevant, with about 6 others constantly fading in and out). WiFi analyzer shows 3 separate signals for my router, the main 2.4 GHz, the guest 2.4 GHz and the 5.0 GHz. Using WiFi Analyzer on my wife's phone side-by-side shows no change in signal when my phone drops, nor does her phone drop. Monitoring the signal using our laptop, side-by-side likewise shows no signal loss and likewise the laptop does not lose it's WiFi connection. But, at work, the phone seems to not exhibit the same behavior, or, if it does, it's very occasional. Monitoring it all day at work I only saw the signal drop 3 or 4 times. The signal strength of the various networks there is comparatively weak. AT&T were super helpful: "Sorry, we can't help you with WiFi problems. You could try doing a factory reset on your phone". </sarcasm The router is relatively new, but has been working fine with this phone since last Dec. Phone : Motorola Atrix (about 8 months old). Router : Belkin N750 DB (F9K1103 v1 (01C)). Router Firmware: 1.00.46 (2011/10/28 6:37:11). Security : WPA/WPA2-Personal (PSK)

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• Moving from VPS to Cloud

  - by GRIGORE-TURBODISEL

  ...and I have a few questions. I'm basically working on a MySQL+PHP based webapp. Since I don't have on-demand scaling with VPS, I'm planning to move from VPS to Cloud when I hit the 1000 subscribers barrier. I'm looking at Windows Azure but I'm ok with other suggestions. So here are my questions: Will it really cost me a kidney? Every subscriber needs to download around 4-5MB of static resources each day. Bandwidth is free on the VPS but here I see costs can easily get to $800.00/mo; this makes me very insecure about the whole thing, I mean VPS is just $2,000/yr. Do I need another VM or is PHP included in the Web Sites? I have basic sysadmin skills, I think I can handle setting up a PHP install, but will I have to do this? If yes, what other service do I need to setup manually? What about Memcached, MySQL, etc? What security protections does it include? For example I have some basic protection included, like directory traversals and executable files upload; I also have CloudFlare on my other websites for DDoS protection; will I need to do the same thing here too, can it even be installed, can I edit my DNS records, etc? How are e-mails, subdomains, add-on domains, parked domains, etc. handled? I haven't seen any references to e-mail boxes. On the VPS I simply add them from cPanel ([email protected] / whatever.mysite.com / ...); do I have a similar management interface here? Do I get SSH access? Or at least FTP, remote MySQL access and maybe some incremental back-ups or something? Can I see my quotas and advanced traffic info? I must mention that I really like the idea of the whole "cloud" concept, the added reliability and everything but I really need maybe a parallel to regular hosting or something so I know what to expect.

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• How to configure ASP.NET MVC 3 on IIS 6 (Windows 2003 R2)

  - by Nedcode

  I am getting 403 Directory Listing Denied for the root and 404 for an action that I know should exist. Background: I have build and deployed an ASP.NET MVC 2 applcation a long time ago. Later I upgraded it to MVC 3 and it is still working with not configuration changes. Setting it up on a windows 2003 R2 (Standard) initialy was a pain, but after a couple of days(yes, days) struggling it started working. Now I have to do the same with the same application on a different server (2003 R2 Standard again) on a different network. .Net 4 is installed and allowed ASP.NET MVC 3 is also installed By default IIS is set to use .net 4 I verify aspnet_isapi.dll used in application extension are from version 4.0.30319 .NET asemblies folder. I also added the wildcard mapping to aspnet_isapi.dll and unchecked verify file exists. Under Directory Security in Authentication Methods I have disabled anonymos access and enabled Integrated Windows authentication(same as the one on the server that it works) I have copied the same web.config with the <authentication mode="Windows" /> <authorization> <deny users="?" /> </authorization> I have set Read & Execute, List Folder Contents, and Read for the Networkservice account(under which the app pool is working). Also I have set the same for Network account, IIS_WPG, ASPNET and IUSR_MAchineName. I do not have an EnableExte??nsionlessUrls but even if I create it and set it to true or false it does not help. I also tried http://haacked.com/archive/2010/12/22/asp-net-mvc-3-extensionless-urls-on-iis-6.aspx and it did not help. But I kept getting 403 Directory Listing Denied for the root and 404 for an action that I know should exist. Web Platform installer was then used to re-install and possibly update .net, asp.net etc. I then noticed IIS was reset to default. So I added the wildcard mapping again. No, luck still 403. I exported configuration files from the working server setup and created new default app pool and new default website using those configurations. Still I get 403 Directory Listing Denied for the / and 404 for any action I try.

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• Keep source IP after NAT

  - by John Miller

  Until today I used a cheapy router so I can share my internet connection and keep a webserver online too, while using NAT. Users IP ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) was fine, I was seeing class A IPs of users. But as traffic grown up everyday, I had to install a Linux Server (Debian) to share my Internet Connection, because my old router couldn't keep the traffic anymore. I shared the internet via IPTABLES using NAT, but now, after forwarding port 80 to my webserver, now instead of seeing real users IP, I see my Gateway IP (Linux Internal IP) as any user IP Address. How to solve this issue? I edited my post, so I can paste the rules I'm currently using. #!/bin/sh #I made a script to set the rules #I flush everything here. iptables --flush iptables --table nat --flush iptables --delete-chain iptables --table nat --delete-chain iptables -F iptables -X # I drop everything as a general rule, but this is disabled under testing # iptables -P INPUT DROP # iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # these are the loopback rules iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # here I set the SSH port rules, so I can connect to my server iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 513:65535 --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 --dport 513:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for 80 port iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 80 -j ACCEPT # These are the forwards for bind/dns iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -s 0/0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 192.168.42.3:53 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -d xx.xx.xx.xx -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.42.3 iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -s 192.168.42.3 --sport 53 -j ACCEPT # And these are the rules so I can share my internet connection iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0:1 -j ACCEPT If I delete the MASQUERADE part, I see my real IP while echoing it with PHP, but I don't have internet. How to do, to have internet and see my real IP while ports are forwarded too? ** xx.xx.xx.xx - is my public IP. I hid it for security reasons.

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• Is this distributed database server idea feasible?

  - by David

  I often use SQLite for creating simple programs in companies. The database is placed on a file server. This works fine as long as there are not more than about 50 users working towards the database concurrently (though depending on whether it is reads or writes). Once there are more than this, they will notice a slowdown if there are a lot of concurrent writing on the server as lots of time is spent on locks, and there is nothing like a cache as there is no database server. The advantage of not needing a database server is that the time to set up something like a company Wiki or similar can be reduced from several months to just days. It often takes several months because some IT-department needs to order the server and it needs to conform with the company policies and security rules and it needs to be placed on the outsourced server hosting facility, which screws up and places it in the wrong localtion etc. etc. Therefore, I thought of an idea to create a distributed database server. The process would be as follows: A user on a company computer edits something on a Wiki page (which uses this database as its backend), to do this he reads a file on the local harddisk stating the ip-address of the last desktop computer to be a database server. He then tries to contact this computer directly via TCP/IP. If it does not answer, then he will read a file on the file server stating the ip-address of the last desktop computer to be a database server. If this server does not answer either, his own desktop computer will become the database server and register its ip-address in the same file. The SQL update statement can then be executed, and other desktop computers can connect to his directly. The point with this architecture is that, the higher load, the better it will function, as each desktop computer will always know the ip-address of the database server. Also, using this setup, I believe that a database placed on a fileserver could serve hundreds of desktop computers instead of the current 50 or so. I also do not believe that the load on the single desktop computer, which has become database server will ever be noticable, as there will be no hard disk operations on this desktop, only on the file server. Is this idea feasible? Does it already exist? What kind of database could support such an architecture?

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• How did what appears to be a virus get on my computer? (explanation of situation enclosed)

  - by Massimo

  My system is Windows XP SP3, updated with the latest patches. The PC is connected to a Cisco 877 ADSL router, which does NAT from the internal network to its single static public IP address. There are no forwarded ports, and the router's management console can only be accessed from the inside. I was doing two things: working on a remote office machine via VPN and browsing some web pages on the Cisco web site. The remote network is absolutely safe (it's a lab network, four virtual servers, no publicly accessible services and no users at all; also, none of what I'm going to describe ever happened there). The Cisco web site... well, I suppose is quite safe, too. Suddenly, something happened. Strange popups appears anywhere; programs claiming they're "antimalware", "antispyware" et so on begins autoinstalling; fake Windows Update and Security Center icons pop up in the system tray. svchost.exe began crashing repeatedly. Then, finally, after some minutes of this... BSOD. And, upon rebooting, BSOD again. Even in safe mode. Ok, that was obviously some virus/trojan/whatever. I had to install a new copy of Windows on another partition to clean things up. I found strange executables, services and DLLs almost anywhere. Amongst the other things, user32.dll and ndis.sys had been replaced. A fake software called "Antimalware Doctor" had been installed. There were services with completely random names or even GUIDs (!), and also ones called "IpSect" and "Darkness". There were executable files without an .exe extension. There were even two boot-class drivers, which I'm quite sure are the ones that finally caused the system to crash. A true massacre. Ok, now the questions: What the hell was that?!? It was something more than a simple virus! How did it manage to attack my computer, as I am behind a firewall and was not doing anything even only potentially harmful on the web at the time?

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• How to encrypt dual boot windows 7 and xp (bitlocker, truecrypt combo?) on sdd (recommended?)

  - by therobyouknow

  I would like to setup a dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP laptop/notebook computer where each operation system's partition is fully encrypted. I would like to do this on a SSD - a 128Gb Crucial M4. My research Dual boot of truecrypt encrypted OSs on one drive (not possible - in Truecript 7.x at time of writing) This cannot be done on a standard Truecrypt setup - it will only support encrypting one of the operating systems. I have tried this and also read about it here on superuser.com However, I did see a solution here that uses grub4dos as the initial bootloader to chain to separate truecrypt encrypted OSs, in my case Windows 7 and Windows XP: http://yyzyyz.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/truecrypt-how-to-encrypt-multiple.html I am not going to consider this solution as it relies upon some custom code for use in the bootloader that is provided by the author. I would prefer a solution that can be fully understood so that I can be sure that there is nothing undesirable occuring (i.e. malware or just simply bugs in the code). I would like to believe such a solution doesn't have those risks but I can't be sure. BitLocker and Truecrypt combination - possible solution? So I am now considering a combination of encryption programs: I now aim to encrypt Windows XP with Truecrypt and Windows 7 with BitLocker. Assuming Truecrypt bootloader can boot into non-Truecrypt OSs (e.g. via hitting Escape to go to another menu), then this solution may be viable. SSDs and Encryption (use fastest possible spinning hard disk instead (?)) I read on various superuser.com posts and elsewhere that current SSDs are not suited to whole drive encryption for various reasons: impact of performance algorithms that give SSDs advantage over spinning harddisks. Algorithms used in compression of data for example. Wear on the SSD, shortening its life Security issues whereby data is repeated, as indicated in some Truecrypt documentation So I am now considering not using SSD. But with the aim to have the fastest drive possible, I am considering using the Western Digital Scorpion black 2.5" 7200rpm harddisk as this appears to be top rated among spinning platter-based harddrives (don't work for Western Digital). Summary So to achieve whole drive encrypted dual boot Windows 7 and Windows XP with minimal performance impact I intend to use a combination of Truecrypt and Bitlocker on a top-rated conventional spinning platter-based harddisk. Questions Will my summary: achieve whole disk encryption of the dual-boot Windows XP, Windows 7? OR an you suggest a simpler solution, including one that only requires only Truecrypt (BitLocker not available on XP). Or another encryption tool, including paid-for? provide the highest performance. Am I correct to avoid using SDD with encryption for the reasons I discovered? Are the concerns about SSDs and encryption still very real (some articles I read go back to 2010) Thanks for your input!

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• How do Windows 7 encrypted files look like?

  - by Sean Farrell

  Ok this is kind of an odd question: How do Windows 7 (Home Premium) encrypted files look like "from the outside"? Now here is the story. An acquaintance of a freind of mine got a nasty virus / scareware. So I wiped out my PC technician cap and went to work on it. What I did was remove the drive from the laptop and put drive into my external drive bay. I scanned the drive and yes it was loaded with stuff. That basically cured the infection and I could start the system back up. To check if it cured the problem I wanted to see the system while running. There where two user accounts, on with a password and one without (both admin users !?!). So I logged into the unprotected user and cleaned up the residual issues, like proxy server to localhost in the browser config. Now I wanted to do the same for the password protected user. What I noticed that from my system and the unprotected user account the files of the protected user looked garbled. The files are something like 12 random alphanum chars, but the folders looked ok. Naive as was thought this might be how encrypted files looked "from the outside". (I never use Microsoft's own security features, so how would I know. TrueCrypt is one big blob.) Since the second user could not be reached, I though sod it and removed the password from the account. (That might have been a mistake, I know.) Now I did the same clean up tasks and all nice and fine; except for the files which where still "encrypted". So I looked into many Windows Encrypted Files recovery posts and not all hope is lost, since I should be able to extract the certificate and with the password regain access to the files. Also note that windows did "only" prompt me that removing the password would be insecure, not that access to encrypted files would be lost, like it is claimed in most recovery articles. Resetting the password did not help and I gave up for the night. The question that nagged me half of the last night was, what if the files are not encrypted, but the scare-ware encrypted / destroyed the files? I don't want to spend hours of work trying to recover files that are not recoverable. The ting is that the user does not remember turning it on and aren't the files marked in blue and the filename is readable? Many thanks for input from users who have more knowledge about WEF...

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• Can't validate mine, sudo nor root in Debian "Jessie" Gnome anymore?

  - by Janar

  I'm Debian beginner & GUI guy in a bit of trouble? Can't login as sudo/gksu/root/su nor as (main/super)user after removed user password via Gnome-user-settings. History of actions (Probably irrelevant though) Installed Debian "Jessie" GNU/Linux with xFce GUI (en-US) as only OS. HardWare is ThinkPad w510. Skipped root user password in setup, to get sudo for superuser easily. Logged in (as always had) with Gnome (3.4.x), not once with xFCE. (installed Xfce. Installed xFce only to achieve more control (easier management) over packages this way, to set-up gnome much more by mine likes. Added more jessie repros (same ones as in Wheesy stable by default but for Jessie as, Jessie only had repros for security updates by default). Installed lots of gtk(3) & gnome(3) based soft; (- restarted again after this) Installed propietary graphics card driver for mine nvidia quadro. (- restarted once again after that one) Installed more stuff related to mine work/school/devel. The actual problem Had a plan to restart again, but wanted to set up auto-login first, instead set user password to none (don't ask why / perhaps caused by being awake for a looooong time), noticed it, and set also to auto-login, but couldn't undo mine previous mistake to create new password for me. As mine password is set to none I would have expected that simply return in pass prompt for emty password field would do, but it won't authenticate. I tried Alt+F2 "gksu gedit" as well as: sudo wget "https://www.some-page.eu/file.ext" and "su" in terminals, none has applied (quite logical actually - as I'm sudoer and highest ranked super user, besides only user in computer). Current stand Everything worked & still works nice after this accident, besides this password prompts part. To spoked to log-out nor restart. Synaptic package-manager is still open with root rights (only one, that has left open prior to the issue and not closed since, just in case). Goggled for help and read some manuals/faqs/how-tos - mostly lead to sudoers file management, but not found one specifically for mine issue - so still not any smarter. Really hope, that I don't have to redo OS inst all over again, by just one stupid mistake. Thanks for your reply :-)

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