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  • Behavior tree implementation details

    - by angryInsomniac
    I have been looking around for implementation details of behavior trees, the best descriptions I found were by Alex Champarand and some of Damian Isla's talk about AI in Halo 2 (the video of which is locked up in the GDC vault sadly). However, both descriptions fall short of helping one actually create a BT, one particular question has been bugging me for a while. When is the tree in a behavior tree evaluated? Furthermore: If the tree is in the middle of executing a sequence of actions (patrolling waypoints) and a higher priority impulse comes in (distraction sound) , how to switch to that side of the tree seamlessly without resorting to a state machine like system and if it is decided that the impulse was irrelevant (the distraction is too far away to affect this guard), how to go back to the last thing that the guard was doing ? I have quite a few questions like this and I don't wish to flood the board with separate queries so if you know of any resource where questions like these can be answered I would be very grateful.

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  • Color Picking Troubles - LWJGL/OpenGL

    - by Tom Johnson
    I'm attempting to check which object the user is hovering over. While everything seems to be just how I'd think it should be, I'm not able to get the correct color due to the second time I draw (without picking colors). Here is my rendering code: public void render() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.pick(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); camera.applyTranslations(); scene.render(); } And here is what gets called on each block/tile on "scene.pick()": public void pick() { glColor3ub((byte) pickingColor.x, (byte) pickingColor.y, (byte) pickingColor.z); draw(); glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT); ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4); glReadPixels(Mouse.getX(), Mouse.getY(), 1, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); int r = buffer.get(0) & 0xFF; int g = buffer.get(1) & 0xFF; int b = buffer.get(2) & 0xFF; if(r == pickingColor.x && g == pickingColor.y && b == pickingColor.z) { hovered = true; } else { hovered = false; } } I believe the problem is that in the method of each tile/block called by scene.pick(), it is reading the color from the regular drawing state, after that method is called somehow. I believe this because when I remove the "glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT)" line from the pick method, it seems to almost fix it, but then it will also select blocks behind the one you are hovering as it is not only looking at the front. If you have any ideas of what to do, please be sure to reply!/ EDIT: Adding scene.render(), tile.render(), and tile.draw() scene.render: public void render() { for(int x = 0; x < tiles.length; x++) { for(int z = 0; z < tiles.length; z++) { tiles[x][z].render(); } } } tile.render: public void render() { glColor3f(color.x, color.y, color.z); draw(); if(hovered) { glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE); draw(); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL); } } tile.draw: public void draw() { float x = position.x, y = position.y, z = position.z; //Top glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z + size); glEnd(); //Left glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x, y + size, z); glEnd(); //Right glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z); glVertex3f(x + size, y + size, z + size); glVertex3f(x + size, y, z + size); glEnd(); } (The game is like an isometric game. That's why I only draw 3 faces.)

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  • How to set orthgraphic matrix for a 2d camera with zooming?

    - by MahanGM
    I'm using ID3DXSprite to draw my sprites and haven't set any kind of camera projection matrix. How to setup an orthographic projection matrix for camera in DirectX which it would be able to support zoom functionality? D3DXMATRIX orthographicMatrix; D3DXMATRIX identityMatrix; D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&orthographicMatrix, nScreenWidth, nScreenHeight, 0.0f, 1.0f); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &orthographicMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &identityMatrix); device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &identityMatrix); This code is for initial setup. Then, for zooming I multiply zoom factor in nScreenWidth and nScreenHeight.

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  • Rain drops on screen

    - by user1075940
    I am trying to make simple rain drop effect on screen.Something like this http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs20/f/2007/302/5/6/Rain_drops_by_rockraikar.png My idea is to: Create small drop shaped normal textures,randomly put few on screen,apply texture perturbation and mix with current frame pixels. Here are my questions: -Does this idea even have sense?How professionals do this effect?Everything from text to code will be appreciated -How to pass pixels to shader of already rendered frame?

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  • How to shift a vector based on the rotation of another vector?

    - by bpierre
    I’m learning 2D programming, so excuse my approximations, and please, don’t hesitate to correct me. I am just trying to fire a bullet from a player. I’m using HTML canvas (top left origin). Here is a representation of my problem: The black vector represent the position of the player (the grey square). The green vector represent its direction. The red disc represents the target. The red vector represents the direction of a bullet, which will move in the direction of the target (red and dotted line). The blue cross represents the point from where I really want to fire the bullet (and the blue and dotted line represents its movement). This is how I draw the player (this is the player object. Position, direction and dimensions are 2D vectors): ctx.save(); ctx.translate(this.position.x, this.position.y); ctx.rotate(this.direction.getAngle()); ctx.drawImage(this.image, Math.round(-this.dimensions.x/2), Math.round(-this.dimensions.y/2), this.dimensions.x, this.dimensions.y); ctx.restore(); This is how I instanciate a new bullet: var bulletPosition = playerPosition.clone(); // Copy of the player position var bulletDirection = Vector2D.substract(targetPosition, playerPosition).normalize(); // Difference between the player and the target, normalized new Bullet(bulletPosition, bulletDirection); This is how I move the bullet (this is the bullet object): var speed = 5; this.position.add(Vector2D.multiply(this.direction, speed)); And this is how I draw the bullet (this is the bullet object): ctx.save(); ctx.translate(this.position.x, this.position.y); ctx.rotate(this.direction.getAngle()); ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 3, 3); ctx.restore(); How can I change the direction and position vectors of the bullet to ensure it is on the blue dotted line? I think I should represent the shift with a vector, but I can’t see how to use it.

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  • What forms of non-interactive RPG battle systems exist?

    - by Landstander
    I am interested in systems that allow players to develop a battle plan or setup strategy for the party or characters prior to entering battle. During the battle the player either cannot input commands or can choose not to. Rule Based In this system the player can setup a list of rules in the form of [Condition - Action] that are then ordered by priority. Gambits in Final Fantasy XII Tactics in Dragon Age Origin & II

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  • Profiling and containing memory per system

    - by chadb
    I have been interesting in profiling and keeping a managed memory pool for each subsystem, so I could get statistic on how much memory was being used in something such as sounds or graphics. However, what is the best design for doing this? I was thinking of using multiple allocators and just using one per subsystem, however, that would result in global variables for my allocators (or so it would seem to me). Another approach I have seen/been suggested is to just overload new and pass in an allocator for a parameter. I had a similar question over on stackoverflow here with a bounty, however, it seems as if perhaps I was too vague or just there is not enough people with knowledge in the subject.

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  • Confusion on HLSL Samplers. Can I Set Samplers Inside Functions?

    - by Kyle Connors
    I'm trying to create a system where I can instance a quad to the screen, however I've run into a problem. Like I said, I'm trying to instance the quad, so I'm trying to use the same geometry several times, and I'm trying to do it in one draw call. The issue is, I want some quads to use different textures, but I can't figure out how to get the data into a sampler so I can use it in the pixel shader. I figured that since we can simply pass in the 4 bytes of our IDirect3DTexture9* to set the global texture, I can do so when passing in my dynamic buffer. (Which also stores each objects world matrix and UV data) Now that I'm sending the data, I can't figure how to get it into the sampler, and I really want to assume that it's simply not possible. Is there any way I could achieve this?

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  • Updates for IOS AppStore Multiplayer Game

    - by TobiHeidi
    I am developing a multiplayer game for the web, android and ios. For the web and android i can instantly push out new versions of my game because they support executing remotly loaded code. But with IOS i need to wait for an Apple approval taking about 10 days. I want to push updates more then weekly. What if my server code changes so the client MUST update? Run an old version of the server code just for IOS? How do other multiplayer devs handle this ?

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  • Explaining Asteroids Movement code

    - by Moaz ELdeen
    I'm writing an Asteroids Atari clone, and I want to figure out how the AI for the asteroids is done. I have came across that piece of code, but I can't get what it does 100% if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) { m_Pos.x = -app::getWindowWidth() / 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) m_Pos.x = app::getWindowWidth() / 2; m_Pos.y = (int) ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * app::getWindowWidth()); } else { m_Pos.x = (int) ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * app::getWindowWidth()); m_Pos.y = -app::getWindowHeight() / 2; if (rand() < 0.5) m_Pos.y = app::getWindowHeight() / 2; } m_Vel.x = (float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) { m_Vel.x = -m_Vel.x; } m_Vel.y =(float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX * 2; if ((float)rand()/(float)RAND_MAX < 0.5) m_Vel.y = -m_Vel.y;

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  • HLSL What you get when you subtract world position from InvertViewProjection.Transform?

    - by cubrman
    In one of NVIDIA's Vertex shaders (the metal one) I found the following code: // transform object normals, tangents, & binormals to world-space: float4x4 WorldITXf : WorldInverseTranspose < string UIWidget="None"; >; // provide tranform from "view" or "eye" coords back to world-space: float4x4 ViewIXf : ViewInverse < string UIWidget="None"; >; ... float4 Po = float4(IN.Position.xyz,1); // homogeneous location coordinates float4 Pw = mul(Po,WorldXf); // convert to "world" space OUT.WorldView = normalize(ViewIXf[3].xyz - Pw.xyz); The term OUT.WorldView is subsequently used in a Pixel Shader to compute lighting: float3 Ln = normalize(IN.LightVec.xyz); float3 Nn = normalize(IN.WorldNormal); float3 Vn = normalize(IN.WorldView); float3 Hn = normalize(Vn + Ln); float4 litV = lit(dot(Ln,Nn),dot(Hn,Nn),SpecExpon); DiffuseContrib = litV.y * Kd * LightColor + AmbiColor; SpecularContrib = litV.z * LightColor; Can anyone tell me what exactly is WorldView here? And why do they add it to the normal?

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  • Android - Efficient way to draw tiles in OpenGL ES

    - by Maecky
    Hi, I am trying to write efficient code to render a tile based map in android. I load for each tile the corresponding bitmap (just one time) and then create the according tiles. I have designed a class to do this: public class VertexQuad { private float[] mCoordArr; private float[] mColArr; private float[] mTexCoordArr; private int mTextureName; private static short mCounter = 0; private short mIndex; As you can see, each tile has it's x,y location, a color array, texture coordinates and a texture name. Now, I want to render all my created tiles. To reduce the openGL api calls (I read somewhere that the state changes are costly and therefore I want to keep them to a minimum), I first want to hand ALL the coordinate-arrays, color-arrays and texture-coordinates over to OpenGL. After that I run two for loops. The first one iterates over the textures and binds the texture. The second for loop iterates over all Tiles and puts all tiles with the corresponding texture into an IndexBuffer. After the second for loop has finished, I call gl.gl_drawElements() whith the corresponding index buffer, to draw all tiles with the texture associated. For the next texture I do the same again. Now I run into some problems: Allocating and filling the FloatBuffers at the start of each rendering cycle costs very much time. I just run a test, where i wanted to put 400 coordinates into a FloatBuffer which took me about 200ms. My questions now are: Is there a better way, handling the coordinate and color structures? How is this correctly done, this is obviously not the optimal way? ;) thanks in advance, regards Markus

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  • Ease Rotate RigidBody2D toward arbitrary angle

    - by Plastic Sturgeon
    I'm trying to make a rigidbody2D circle return to an orientation after a collision. But there is a weird behavior I do not expect - it always orients to the same direction. This is what I call in FixedUpdate(): rotationdifference = -halfPI + rigidbody2D.rotation; rigidbody2D.AddTorque (rotationdifference * ease); I would expect this would rotate 90 degrees (1/2 Pi Radians) off of the neutral axis. But it does not. In fact it performs exactly the same as: rotationdifference = rigidbody2D.rotation; rigidbody2D.AddTorque (rotationdifference * ease); What is going on? How would I be able to set an angle I want it to ease towards, and then have it ease towards it when its not colliding with some other force?

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  • Different bounding volumes for culling and collision detection

    - by Serthy
    Should an object in a 3D-engine use different bounding volumes for collision-detection (broad-phase) and culling? Basically class renderBounds and class physBounds versus class boundingVolume? Each of this classes then could either contain the same type of volumes (AABB's, kDOP's, sphere's etc.) or a special fitting one for the particular object. (note: without considering of using an external physics engine)

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  • Why do my pyramids fade black and then back to colour again

    - by geminiCoder
    I have the following vertecies and norms GLfloat verts[36] = { -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, -0.5, 0, 1, 0, 0.5, 0, 0.5, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 0 }; GLfloat norms[36] = { 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, -1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 1, 0.25, -0.5, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1, 0, -0.5, -1 }; I am writing my fists Open GL game, But I need to know for sure if my Normals are correct as the colours aren't rendering correctly. my Pyramids are coloured then fade to black every half rotation then back again. My app so far is based on the boiler plate code provided by apple. heres my modified setUp Method [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:self.context]; [self loadShaders]; self.effect = [[GLKBaseEffect alloc] init]; self.effect.light0.enabled = GL_TRUE; self.effect.light0.diffuseColor = GLKVector4Make(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glGenVertexArraysOES(1, &_vertexArray); //create vertex array glBindVertexArrayOES(_vertexArray); glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts) + sizeof(norms), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //create vertex buffer big enough for both verts and norms and pass NULL as data.. uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)glMapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY_OES); //map buffer to pass data to it memcpy(ptr, verts, sizeof(verts)); //copy verts memcpy(ptr+sizeof(verts), norms, sizeof(norms)); //copy norms to position after verts glUnmapBufferOES(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER); glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribPosition); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribPosition, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0)); //tell GL where verts are in buffer glEnableVertexAttribArray(GLKVertexAttribNormal); glVertexAttribPointer(GLKVertexAttribNormal, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(sizeof(verts))); //tell GL where norms are in buffer glBindVertexArrayOES(0); And the update method. - (void)update { float aspect = fabsf(self.view.bounds.size.width / self.view.bounds.size.height); GLKMatrix4 projectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakePerspective(GLKMathDegreesToRadians(65.0f), aspect, 0.1f, 100.0f); self.effect.transform.projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix; GLKMatrix4 baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -4.0f); baseModelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(baseModelViewMatrix, _rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with GLKit GLKMatrix4 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); self.effect.transform.modelviewMatrix = modelViewMatrix; // Compute the model view matrix for the object rendered with ES2 modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4MakeTranslation(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.5f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Rotate(modelViewMatrix, _rotation, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); modelViewMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(baseModelViewMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _normalMatrix = GLKMatrix3InvertAndTranspose(GLKMatrix4GetMatrix3(modelViewMatrix), NULL); _modelViewProjectionMatrix = GLKMatrix4Multiply(projectionMatrix, modelViewMatrix); _rotation += self.timeSinceLastUpdate * 0.5f; } But providing I understand this correct one pyramid is using the GLKit base effect shaders and the other the shaders which are included in the project. So for both of them to have the same error, I thought it would be the Norms?

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  • Import 3ds into JMonkeyEngine 3

    - by Yanick Rochon
    I have asked this question on SO, but I think it will be more suitable here. Basically, we are trying to import an animated character body (with skeleton) from 3D Studio Max to JMonkeyEngine 3, but while we succeeded at importing some animations, we cannot seem to export the skeleton to .skeleton.xml using OgreXML format. Since OgreXML seems to be the favored way to import models into JME, we dropped .obj files and such. Any help appreciated.

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  • Numbers not adding up? (What am I not understanding here?) [closed]

    - by Milo
    I have the following output: Short version: The last numbers on the S= lines increase by H and SHOULD theoretically be linearly decreasing, ex: -285,-290,-295...but the fourth one jumps to -252. Yet, every other number is linearly increasing. Why is that and how could I fix that? To explain the numbers, it comes from slider value changed. I have a slider whose value is used to generate the float on the next line. Everything should be growing linearly here. This value is used to determine the size of a flow layout and it is also used in conjunction with a scrollbar. But basically I have a background for the flow layout and that number is the start location for rendering it. The numbers should linearly change to create a smooth transition but when that one jumps, it looks weird on screen and I dont understand why the numbers are jumping every X slider value changes. Mathematically what could be causing this? Here is the code for rendering the background and the function that is called when value changes: void LobbyTableManager::renderBG( GraphicsContext* g, agui::Rectangle& absRect, agui::Rectangle& childRect ) { float scale = 0.35f; int w = m_bgSprite->getWidth() * getTableScale() * scale; int h = m_bgSprite->getHeight() * getTableScale() * scale; int numX = ceil(absRect.getWidth() / (float)w) + 2; int numY = ceil(absRect.getHeight() / (float)h) + 2; int startY = childRect.getY(); int numAttempts = 0; while(startY + h < absRect.getY() && numAttempts < 1000) { startY += h; if(moo) { std::cout << startY << ","; } numAttempts++; } g->holdDrawing(); for(int i = 0; i < numX; ++i) { for(int j = 0; j < numY; ++j) { g->drawScaledSprite(m_bgSprite,0,0,m_bgSprite->getWidth(),m_bgSprite->getHeight(), absRect.getX() + (i * w) + (offsetX),absRect.getY() + (j * h) + startY,w,h,0); } } g->unholdDrawing(); g->setClippingRect(cx,cy,cw,ch); } void LobbyTableManager::setTableScale( float scale ) { scale += 0.3f; scale *= 2.0f; float scrollRel = m_vScroll->getRelativeValue(); setScale(scale); rescaleTables(); resizeFlow(); updateScrollBars(); float newVal = scrollRel * m_vScroll->getMaxValue(); m_vScroll->setValue(newVal); } void LobbyTableManager::valueChanged( agui::VScrollBar* source,int val ) { m_flow->setLocation(0,-val); } Any insight on mathematically why the anomaly might happen every Nth time would be helpful. I just dont understand why if every number linearly increates it jumps from -295 to -252! Thanks

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  • JBox2D applyLinearImpulse doesn't work

    - by Romeo
    So i have this line of code: if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_W)&&canJump()) { body.applyLinearImpulse(new Vec2(0, 30), cam.screenToWorld(body.getPosition())); System.out.println("I can jump!"); } My problem is that the console display I can jump! but the body doesn't do that. Can you explain to me if i do something wrong? Some more code. This function creates my 'hero' the one supposed to jump. private Body setDynamic(float width, float height, float x, float y) { PolygonShape shape = new PolygonShape(); shape.setAsBox(width/2, height/2); BodyDef bd = new BodyDef(); bd.allowSleep = true; bd.position = new Vec2(cam.screenToWorld(new Vec2(x + width / 2, y + height / 2))); bd.type = BodyType.DYNAMIC; bd.userData = new BodyInfo(width, height); Body body = world.createBody(bd); body.createFixture(shape, 10); return body; } And this is the main update loop: if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_A)) { body.setLinearVelocity(new Vec2(-10*delta, body.getLinearVelocity().y)); } else if (input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_D)) { body.setLinearVelocity(new Vec2(10*delta, body.getLinearVelocity().y)); } else { body.setLinearVelocity(new Vec2(0, body.getLinearVelocity().y)); } if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_W)&&canJump()) { body.applyLinearImpulse(new Vec2(0, 30), body.getPosition()); System.out.println("I can jump!"); } world.step(delta * 0.001f, 10, 5); }

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  • Good practices in screen states management?

    - by DevilWithin
    I wonder what are the best ways to organize different screens in a game? I am thinking of it like this: Inheriting a base State class, and overriding update and render methods, to handle the current screen. Then, under certain events a StateManager is able to activate another Screen State, and the game screen changes as only the current State is rendered. On the activation of a new screen, effects like fading could be added, and also the same goes for its deactivation. This way a flow of screen could be made. By saying when A ends, B starts, allowing for complex animations etc. Toughts?

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  • Car brands and models licensing

    - by Ju-v
    We are small team which working on car racing game but we don't know about licensing process for branded cars like Nissan, Lamborghini, Chevrolet and etc. Do we need to buy any licence for using real car brand names, models, logos,... or we can use them for free? Second option we think about using not real brand with real models is it possible? If someone have experience with that, fell free to share it. Any information about that is welcome.

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  • Given a start and end point, how can I constrain the end point so the resulting line segment is horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees?

    - by GloryFish
    I have a grid of letters. The player clicks on a letter and drags out a selection. Using Bresenham's Algorithm I can create a line of highlighted letters representing the player's selection. However, what I really want is to have the line segment be constrained to 45 degree angles (as is common for crossword-style games). So, given a start point and an end point, how can I find the line that passes through the start point and is closest to the end point? Bonus: To make things super sweet I'd like to get a list of points in the grid that the line passes through, and for super MEGA bonus points, I'd like to get them in order of selection (i.e. from start point to end point).

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  • How do I render an animation where some frames appear twice?

    - by hustlerinc
    I am animating a sprite. The sprite has 7 different frames, but the animation is 10 frames long. This is because 3 of the original frames appear twice in the animation: 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0 -> 2 Frames 2, 3 and 4 appear twice. This avoids having to store duplicate frames in the spritesheet. How can I render the animation in this sequence with repeated frames?

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  • Is it a good idea to simplify an character -driven game engine to the point it's unnecessary to learn scripting/programming ?

    - by jokoon
    I remember, and I still think, that one cannot even make a prototyped 3D game to test just simple behaviors without using gigantic tools like unity or knowing extensive C++ programming, design pattern, a decent or basic 3D engine, etc. Now I'm wondering, since I know programming, that I'm still more lucky that the ones who need to learn programming prior to know how to make something: even scripted engines such as unity are not for kids, and to my sense they tend to dictate their ways of doing things, which is not the case with engine like ogre or irrlicht. I remember toying a little with the blender game engine, it was possible to link states or something I don't remember very well. Now I'm thinking that character driven games occupies a big part of the game market. Do you think it is a good idea to make a character-controlled oriented game engine which allows only to build AI instead of anything else ?

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  • Scrolling though objects then creating a new instace of this object

    - by gopgop
    In my game when pressing the right mouse button you will place an object on the ground. all objects have the same super class (GameObject). I have a field called selected and will be equal to one certain gameobject at a time. when clicking the right mouse button it checks whats the instance of selected and that how it determines which object to place on the ground. code exapmle: t is the "slot" for which the object will go to. if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { t = new MapleTree(game,highLight); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { t = new OakTree(game,highLight); } Now it has to be a "new" instance of the object. Eventually my game will have hundreds of GameObjects and I don't want to have a huge if else statement. How would I make it so it scrolls though the possible kinds of objects and if its the correct type then create a new instance of it...? When pressing E it will switch the type of selected and is an if else statement as well. How would I do it for this too? here is a code example: if (selected instanceof MapleTree) { selected = new OakTree(game); } else if (selected instanceof OakTree) { selected = new MapleTree(game); }

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  • How do I make a jumping dolphin rotate realistically?

    - by Johnny
    I want to program a dolphin that jumps and rotates like a real dolphin. Jumping is not the problem, but I don't know how to make the rotation. At the moment, my dolphin rotates a little weird. But I want that it rotates like a real dolphin does. How can I improve the rotation? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { rotation = 0; flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } else { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { rotation -= 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } else { rotation += 0.01f; VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } I changed my code a little. But I still have some trouble with the rotation. Here's the entire code. The dolphin looks at the wrong direction if I press the left or right key. For example, it looks down if I press the left key. What is wrong with the rotation? At the beginning, the dolphin looks at the left side, but after I pressed a key it just looks down or up. I deleted the "rotation += 0.01f;" lines in the code. Is that correct? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D image, water; float Gravity = 5.0F; float Acceleration = 20.0F; Vector2 Position = new Vector2(1200,720); Vector2 Velocity; float rotation = 0; SpriteEffects flip; Vector2 Speed = new Vector2(0, 0); Vector2 prevPos; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 1280; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 720; } protected override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("cartoondolphin"); water = Content.Load<Texture2D>("background"); flip = SpriteEffects.None; } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { float VelocityX = 0f; float VelocityY = 0f; float time = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { flip = SpriteEffects.None; VelocityX += -5f; } if(kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { flip = SpriteEffects.FlipHorizontally; VelocityX += 5f; } rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(Position.X - prevPos.X, Position.Y - prevPos.Y); prevPos = Position; // jump if the dolphin is under water if(Position.Y >= 670) { if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += 40f; } else { VelocityY += 40f; } } } else { if (flip == SpriteEffects.None) { VelocityY += -10f; } else { VelocityY += -10f; } } float deltaY = 0; float deltaX = 0; deltaY = Gravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; deltaX += VelocityX * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; deltaY += -VelocityY * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds * Acceleration; Speed = new Vector2(Speed.X + deltaX, Speed.Y + deltaY); Position += Speed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Velocity.X = 0; if (Position.Y + image.Height/2 > graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight) Position.Y = graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight - image.Height/2; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(water, new Rectangle(0, graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight -100, graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth, 100), Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(image, Position, null, Color.White, rotation, new Vector2(image.Width / 2, image.Height / 2), 1, flip, 1); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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