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  • Must a Language that Implements Monads be Statically Typed?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I am learning functional programming style. From this link http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/Going+Deep/Brian-Beckman-Dont-fear-the-Monads/, Brian Beckman gave a brilliant introduction about Monad. He mentioned that Monad is about composition of functions so as to address complexity. A Monad includes a unit function that transfers type T to an amplified type M(T); and a Bind function that, given function from T to M(U), transforms type M(T) to another type M(U). (U can be T, but is not necessarily). In my understanding, the language implementing monad should be type-checked statically. Otherwise, type errors cannot be found during compilation and "Complexity" is not controlled. Is my understanding correct?

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  • How to use Caret to tell which line it is in from JTextPane? (Java)

    - by Alex Cheng
    Hi all. Problem: I have CaretListener and DocumentListener listening on a JTextPane. I need an algorithm that is able to tell which line is the caret at in a JTextPane, here's an illustrative example: Result: 3rd line Result: 2nd line Result: 4th line and if the algorithm can tell which line the caret is in the JTextPane, it should be fairly easy to substring whatever that is in between the parentheses as the picture (caret is at character m of metadata): -- This is how I divide the entire text that I retrieved from the JTextPane into sentences: String[] lines = textPane.getText().split("\r?\n|\r", -1); The sentences in the textPane is separated with \n. Problem is, how can I manipulate the caret to let me know at which position and which line it is in? I know the dot of the caret says at which position it is, but I can't tell which line it is at. Assuming if I know which line the caret is, then I can just do lines[<line number>] and manipulate the string from there. In Short: How do I use CaretListener and/or DocumentListener to know which line the caret is currently at, and retrieve the line for further string manipulation? Please help. Thanks. Do let me know if further clarification is needed. Thanks for your time.

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  • Why Enumerable.Range is faster than a direct yield loop?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    Below code is checking performance of three different ways to do same solution. public static void Main(string[] args) { // for loop { Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); int accumulator = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= 100000000; ++i) { accumulator += i; } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("time = {0}; result = {1}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, accumulator); } //Enumerable.Range { Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); var ret = Enumerable.Range(1, 100000000).Aggregate(0, (accumulator, n) => accumulator + n); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("time = {0}; result = {1}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, ret); } //self-made IEnumerable<int> { Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew(); var ret = GetIntRange(1, 100000000).Aggregate(0, (accumulator, n) => accumulator + n); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("time = {0}; result = {1}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, ret); } } private static IEnumerable<int> GetIntRange(int start, int count) { int end = start + count; for (int i = start; i < end; ++i) { yield return i; } } } The result is like this: time = 306; result = 987459712 time = 1301; result = 987459712 time = 2860; result = 987459712 It is not surprising that "for loop" is faster than the other two solutions, because Enumerable.Aggregate takes more method invocations. However, it really surprises that "Enumerable.Range" is faster than the "self-made IEnumerable". I thought that Enumerable.Range will take more overhead than the simple GetIntRange method. What is the possible reason for this?

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  • Is it possible to listen to relational database update?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    Is it possible to listen to relation database update? For example, my web app want to send data update to client through Comet technology. I can have the program to poll the database periodically, but that would not be performant and scalable. If app can hood to a "event handler" of database, then app can get notification every time given database table data is updated. This sounds more promising, but I didn't find any concrete example for it. This is listener pattern. Does common relational database support such feature?

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  • AtomicInteger lazySet and set

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    May I know what is the difference among lazySet and set method for AtomicInteger. javadoc doesn't talk much about lazySet : Eventually sets to the given value. It seems that AtomicInteger will not immediately be set to the desired value, but it will be scheduled to be set in some time. But, what is the practical use of this method? Any example?

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  • Life Scope of Temporary Variable

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    #include <cstdio> #include <string> void fun(const char* c) { printf("--> %s\n", c); } std::string get() { std::string str = "Hello World"; return str; } int main() { const char *cc = get().c_str(); // cc is not valid at this point. As it is pointing to // temporary string internal buffer, and the temporary string // has already been destroyed at this point. fun(cc); // But I am surprise this call will yield valid result. // It seems that the returned temporary string is valid within // scope (...) // What my understanding is, scope means {...} // Is this valid behavior guarantee by C++ standard? Or it depends // on your compiler vendor implementations? fun(get().c_str()); getchar(); } The output is : --> --> Hello World Hello, may I know the correct behavior is guarantee by C++ standard, or it depends on your compiler vendor implementations? I have tested this under VC2008 and VC6. Works fine for both.

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  • Usage of VIsual Memory Leak Detector

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I found a very interesting memory leak detector by using Visual C++. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/applications/visualleakdetector.aspx I try it out, but cannot make it works to detect a memory leak code. I am using MS Visual Studio 2008. Any step I had missed out? #include "stdafx.h" #include "vld.h" #include <iostream> void fun() { new int[1000]; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { fun(); std::cout << "lead?" << std::endl; getchar(); return 0; } The output when I run in debug mode is : ... ... 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC80.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4053_x-ww_e6967989\msvcr80.dll', Symbols loaded. 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll', Symbols loaded (source information stripped). 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.VC90.DebugCRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_x-ww_f863c71f\msvcp90d.dll', Symbols loaded. 'Test.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Visual Leak Detector\bin\dbghelp.dll', Symbols loaded (source information stripped). Visual Leak Detector Version 1.9d installed. No memory leaks detected. Visual Leak Detector is now exiting. The program '[5468] Test.exe: Native' has exited with code 0 (0x0).

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  • How to make write operation idempotent?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I'm reading article about recently release Gizzard sharding framework by twitter(http://engineering.twitter.com/2010/04/introducing-gizzard-framework-for.html). It mentions that all write operations must be idempotent to make sure high reliability. According to wikipedia, "Idempotent operations are operations that can be applied multiple times without changing the result." But, IMHO, in Gazzard case, idempotent write operation should be operations that sequence doesn't matter. Now, my question is: How to make write operation idempotent? The only thing I can image is to have a version number attached to each write. For example, in blog system. Each blog must have a $blog_id and $content. In application level, we always write a blog content like this write($blog_id, $content, $version). The $version is determined to be unique in application level. So, if application first try to set one blog to "Hello world" and second want it to be "Goodbye", the write is idempotent. We have such two write operations: write($blog_id, "Hello world", 1); write($blog_id, "Goodbye", 2); These two operations are supposed to changed two different records in DB. So, no matter how many times and what sequence these two operations executed, the results are same. This is just my understanding. Please correct me if I'm wrong.

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  • How to check whether user is login in web application?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I want to learn the whole details of web application authentication. So, I decided to write a CodeIgniter authentication library from scratch. Now, I have to make design decision about how to determine whether one user is login. Basically, after user input username & password pair. A cookie is set for this session, following navigations in the web application will not require username & password. The server side will check whether the session cookie is valid to determine whether current user is login. The question is: how to determine whether cookie is valid cookie issued from server side? I can image the most simple way is to have the cookie value stored in session status as well. For each HTTP request, compare the value from cookie and the value from server session. (Since CodeIgniter session library store session variables in cookies, it is not applicable without some tweak.) This method requires storage in server side. For huge web application that is deployed in multiple datacenters. It is possible that user input username & password when browsing in one datacenter, while he/she access the web application in another datacenter later. The expected behavior is that user just input username & password once. As a result, all datacenters should be able to access the session status. That is possible not applicable even the session status is stored in external storage such as database. I tried Google. I login Google with Asian proxy which is supposed to direct me to datacenters in Asian. Then I switch to North American proxy which should direct me to datacenters in North America. It recognize my login without asking username and password again. So, is there any way to determine whether user is login without server side session status?

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  • Use Margin Auto and Center to center Float Left Div

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I know this question had been asked many times. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1740587/float-a-div-to-center However, I follow their suggestion : <center> <div style="margin : auto"> <a href="#" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">Menu Item 1</a> <a href="#" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">Menu Item 2</a> <a href="#" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;">Menu Item 3</a> </div> </center> By using "Center" and "Margin Auto", I still unable to center the menu item.

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  • Is this the intention behavior in JComboBox? How I can avoid this behavior?

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I realize that if you are having a same selection in JComboBox, using up/down arrow key, will not help you to navigate the selection around. How I can avoid this behavior? See the below screen shoot /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ /* * NewJFrame.java * * Created on May 8, 2010, 7:46:28 PM */ package javaapplication26; /** * * @author yccheok */ public class NewJFrame extends javax.swing.JFrame { /** Creates new form NewJFrame */ public NewJFrame() { initComponents(); /* If you are having 3 same strings here. Using, up/down arrow key, * will not move the selection around. */ this.jComboBox1.addItem("Intel"); this.jComboBox1.addItem("Intel"); this.jComboBox1.addItem("Intel"); } /** This method is called from within the constructor to * initialize the form. * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is * always regenerated by the Form Editor. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code"> private void initComponents() { jComboBox1 = new javax.swing.JComboBox(); setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); jComboBox1.setEditable(true); javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane()); getContentPane().setLayout(layout); layout.setHorizontalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(105, 105, 105) .addComponent(jComboBox1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 158, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addContainerGap(137, Short.MAX_VALUE)) ); layout.setVerticalGroup( layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup() .addGap(63, 63, 63) .addComponent(jComboBox1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) .addContainerGap(217, Short.MAX_VALUE)) ); pack(); }// </editor-fold> /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { new NewJFrame().setVisible(true); } }); } // Variables declaration - do not modify private javax.swing.JComboBox jComboBox1; // End of variables declaration }

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  • What's the best way to store Logon User information for Web Application?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I was once in a project of web application developed on ASP.NET. For each logon user, there is an object (let's call it UserSessionObject here) created and stored in RAM. For each HTTP request of given user, matching UserSessoinObject instance is used to visit user state information and connection to database. So, this UserSessionObject is pretty important. This design brings several problems found later: 1) Since this UserSessionObject is cached in ASP.NET memory space, we have to config load balancer to be sticky connection. That is, HTTP request in single session would always be sent to one web server behind. This limit scalability and maintainability. 2) This UserSessionObject is accessed in every HTTP request. To keep the consistency, there is a exclusive lock for the UserSessionObject. Only one HTTP request can be processed at any given time because it must to obtain the lock first. The performance and response time is affected. Now, I'm wondering whether there is better design to handle such logon user case. It seems Sharing-Nothing-Architecture helps. That means long user info is retrieved from database each time. I'm afraid that would hurt performance. Is there any design pattern for long user web app? Thanks.

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  • xstream handles non-english character

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I have the following code : /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package helloworld; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; /** * * @author yccheok */ public class Test { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <A> A fromXML(Class c, File file) { XStream xStream = new XStream(); InputStream inputStream = null; try { inputStream = new java.io.FileInputStream(file); Object object = xStream.fromXML(inputStream); if (c.isInstance(object)) { return (A)object; } } catch (Exception exp) { exp.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (inputStream != null) { try { inputStream.close(); inputStream = null; } catch (java.io.IOException exp) { exp.printStackTrace(); return null; } } } return null; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <A> A fromXML(Class c, String filePath) { return (A)fromXML(c, new File(filePath)); } public static boolean toXML(Object object, File file) { XStream xStream = new XStream(); OutputStream outputStream = null; try { outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); xStream.toXML(object, outputStream); } catch (Exception exp) { exp.printStackTrace(); return false; } finally { if (outputStream != null) { try { outputStream.close(); outputStream = null; } catch (java.io.IOException exp) { exp.printStackTrace(); return false; } } } return true; } public static boolean toXML(Object object, String filePath) { return toXML(object, new File(filePath)); } public static void main(String args[]) { String s = "\u6210\u4EA4\u91CF"; // print ??? System.out.println(s); // fine! show ??? JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, s); toXML(s, "C:\\A.XML"); String o = fromXML(String.class, "C:\\A.XML"); // show ??? JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, o); } } I run the following code through command prompt in Windows Vista. 1) May I know why System.out.println unable to print out Chinese Character in console? 2) I open up the xstream file. The saved value is <string>???</string> How can I make xstream save Chinese Character correctly? Thanks.

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  • How to design data storage for partitioned tagging system?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    How to design data storage for huge tagging system (like digg or delicious)? There is already discussion about it, but it is about centralized database. Since the data is supposed to grow, we'll need to partition the data into multiple shards soon or later. So, the question turns to be: How to design data storage for partitioned tagging system? The tagging system basically has 3 tables: Item (item_id, item_content) Tag (tag_id, tag_title) TagMapping(map_id, tag_id, item_id) That works fine for finding all items for given tag and finding all tags for given item, if the table is stored in one database instance. If we need to partition the data into multiple database instances, it is not that easy. For table Item, we can partition its content with its key item_id. For table Tag, we can partition its content with its key tag_id. For example, we want to partition table Tag into K databases. We can simply choose number (tag_id % K) database to store given tag. But, how to partition table TagMapping? The TagMapping table represents the many-to-many relationship. I can only image to have duplication. That is, same content of TagMappping has two copies. One is partitioned with tag_id and the other is partitioned with item_id. In scenario to find tags for given item, we use partition with tag_id. If scenario to find items for given tag, we use partition with item_id. As a result, there is data redundancy. And, the application level should keep the consistency of all tables. It looks hard. Is there any better solution to solve this many-to-many partition problem?

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  • Difference among STLPort and SGI STL

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    Recently, I was buzzed by the following problem STL std::string class causes crashes and memory corruption on multi-processor machines while using VC6. I plan to use an alternative STL libraries instead of the one provided by VC6. I came across 2 libraries : STLPort and SGI STL I was wondering what is the difference between the 2. Which one I should use? Which one able to guarantee thread safety? Thanks.

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  • vagrant box add: where does .box file get downloaded to?

    - by Calvin Cheng
    What actually happens to the .box file (which according to the docs is simply a vbox image in tar form, in a particular format) after the first command vagrant box add lucid32 http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box is executed? I can't seem to find the filesystem location of lucid32.box after the download has successfully completed... I am aware it doesn't really matter as vagrant init lucid32 vagrant up vagrant ssh will get me into the vm irregardless. But I am curious where .box is located.

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  • How can i handle mouse double click event on textbox?

    - by Kar Cheng
    Hello, I want to open one child window on mouse double click of textbox. I know the only event available in Silverlight is MouseLeftButtonDown and you have to simulate double click. However it still doesn't work when i click in the middle of the textbox. It only works when i double click on the border of the textbox. Anybody has any ideas of how can i do this? If any 3rd party library is available then also it's fine. Thanks in advance:)

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  • How to implement a collection (list, map?) of complicated strings in Java?

    - by Alex Cheng
    Hi all. I'm new here. Problem -- I have something like the following entries, 1000 of them: args1=msg args2=flow args3=content args4=depth args6=within ==> args5=content args1=msg args2=flow args3=content args4=depth args6=within args7=distance ==> args5=content args1=msg args2=flow args3=content args6=within ==> args5=content args1=msg args2=flow args3=content args6=within args7=distance ==> args5=content args1=msg args2=flow args3=flow ==> args4=flowbits args1=msg args2=flow args3=flow args5=content ==> args4=flowbits args1=msg args2=flow args3=flow args6=depth ==> args4=flowbits args1=msg args2=flow args3=flow args6=depth ==> args5=content args1=msg args2=flow args4=depth ==> args3=content args1=msg args2=flow args4=depth args5=content ==> args3=content args1=msg args2=flow args4=depth args5=content args6=within ==> args3=content args1=msg args2=flow args4=depth args5=content args6=within args7=distance ==> args3=content I'm doing some sort of suggestion method. Say, args1=msg args2=flow args3=flow == args4=flowbits If the sentence contains msg, flow, and another flow, then I should return the suggestion of flowbits. How can I go around doing it? I know I should scan (whenever a character is pressed on the textarea) a list or array for a match and return the result, but, 1000 entries, how should I implement it? I'm thinking of HashMap, but can I do something like this? <"msg,flow,flow","flowbits" Also, in a sentence the arguments might not be in order, so assuming that it's flow,flow,msg then I can't match anything in the HashMap as the key is "msg,flow,flow". What should I do in this case? Please help. Thanks a million!

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  • Various way to stop a thread - which is the correct way

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I had came across different suggestion of stopping a thread. May I know, which is the correct way? Or it depends? Using Thread Variable http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/guide/misc/threadPrimitiveDeprecation.html private volatile Thread blinker; public void stop() { blinker = null; } public void run() { Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); while (blinker == thisThread) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } } Using boolean flag private volatile boolean flag; public void stop() { flag = false; } public void run() { while (flag) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } } Using Thread Variable together with interrupt private volatile Thread blinker; public void stop() { blinker.interrupt(); blinker = null; } public void run() { Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); while (!thisThread.isInterrupted() && blinker == thisThread) { try { thisThread.sleep(interval); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } repaint(); } }

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  • C++ Static Initializer - Is it thread safe

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    Usually, when I try to initialize a static variable class Test2 { public: static vector<string> stringList; private: static bool __init; static bool init() { stringList.push_back("string1"); stringList.push_back("string2"); stringList.push_back("string3"); return true; } }; // Implement vector<string> Test2::stringList; bool Test2::__init = Test2::init(); Is the following code thread safe, during static variable initialization? Is there any better way to static initialize stringlist, instead of using a seperate static function (init)?

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  • Is this a correct way to stop Execution Task

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    I came across code to stop execution's task. private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); public void stop() { executor.shutdownNow(); try { executor.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.DAYS); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { log.error(null, ex); } } public Runnable getRunnable() { return new Runnable() { public void run() { while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { // What if inside fun(), someone try to clear the interrupt flag? // Say, through Thread.interrupted(). We will stuck in this loop // forever. fun(); } } }; } I realize that, it is possible for Runnable to be in forever loop, as Unknown fun may Thread.sleep, clear the interrupt flag and ignore the InterruptedException Unknown fun may Thread.interrupted, clear the interrupt flag. I was wondering, is the following way correct way to fix the code? private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); private volatile boolean flag = true; public void stop() { flag = false; executor.shutdownNow(); try { executor.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.DAYS); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { log.error(null, ex); } } public Runnable getRunnable() { return new Runnable() { public void run() { while (flag && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { // What if inside fun(), someone try to clear the interrupt flag? // Say, through Thread.interrupted(). We will stuck in this loop // forever. fun(); } } }; }

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