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• Why do some languages recommend using spaces rather than tabs?

  - by TK Kocheran

  Maybe I'm alone in this, but few things annoy me like people indenting using spaces rather than tabs. How is typing SpaceSpaceSpaceSpace easier and more intuitive than typing Tab? Sure, tab width is variable, but it's much more indicative of indentation space than spaces. The same thing goes for backspacing; backspace once or four times? Why do languages like Python recommend using spaces over tabs?

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• Any valid reason to Nest Master Pages in ASP.Net rather than Inherit?

  - by James P. Wright

  Currently in a debate at work and I cannot fathom why someone would intentionally avoid Inheritance with Master Pages. For reference here is the project setup: BaseProject MainMasterPage SomeEvent SiteProject SiteMasterPage nested MainMasterPage OtherSiteProject MainMasterPage (from BaseProject) The debate came up because some code in BaseProject needs to know about "SomeEvent". With the setup above, the code in BaseProject needs to call this.Master.Master. That same code in BaseProject also applies to OtherSiteProject which is just accessed as this.Master. SiteMasterPage has no code differences, only HTML differences. If SiteMasterPage Inherits MainMasterPage rather than Nests it, then all code is valid as this.Master. Can anyone think of a reason why to use a Nested Master Page here instead of an Inherited one?

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• Would it be more efficient to handle 2D collision detection with polygons, rather than both squares/polygons?

  - by KleptoKat

  I'm working on a 2D game engine and I'm trying to get collision detection as efficient as possible. One thing I've noted is that I have a Rectangle Collision collider, a Shape (polygon) collider and a circle collider. Would it be more efficient (either dev-time wise or runtime wise) to have just one shape collider, rather than have that and everything else? I feel it would optimize my code in the back end, but how much would it affect my game at runtime? Should I be concerned with this at all, as 3D games generally have tens of thousands of polygons?

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• Can mediatomb VLC profile transcode audio as MP3 rather than mpga ?

  - by djangofan

  In the /etc/mediatomb/config.xml, can mediatomb VLC profile transcode audo as MP3 rather than mpga ? My Sony GoogleTV wont render streamed .avi files files with a mpga audio in them. The original files are Divx encoded with 128kbs MP3 audio but mediatomb is transcoding them. How can I change this? Any ideas? Can I turn off the audio and video transcoding somehow? I need some ideas to try. <profile name="vlcprof" enabled="yes" type="external"> <mimetype>video/mpeg</mimetype> <agent command="vlc" arguments="-I dummy %in --sout #transcode{venc=ffmpeg,vcodec=mp2v,vb=4096,fps=25,aenc=ffmpeg,acodec=mpga,ab=192,samplerate=44100,channels=2}:standard{access=file,mux=ps,dst=%out} vlc:quit"/> <buffer size="10485760" chunk-size="131072" fill-size="2621440"/> <accept-url>yes</accept-url> <first-resource>yes</first-resource> </profile> I know that that MP3 encoding support is external to FFmpeg and must be configured appropriately, but I have no idea how to handle that. I would guess I can work around that by somehow telling ffmpeg to not transcode the audio stream? Also, should I create a separate vlcprof entry for video/avi ? Can you create more than one profile for VLC in the config.xml for mediatomb?

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• Why a static main method in Java and C#, rather than a constructor?

  - by Konrad Rudolph

  Why did (notably) Java and C# decide to have a static method as their entry point – rather than representing an application instance by an instance of an Application class, with the entry point being an appropriate constructor which, at least to me, seems more natural? I’m interested in a definitive answer from a primary or secondary source, not mere speculations. This has been asked before. Unfortunately, the existing answers are merely begging the question. In particular, the following answers don’t satisfy me, as I deem them incorrect: There would be ambiguity if the constructor were overloaded. – In fact, C# (as well as C and C++) allows different signatures for Main so the same potential ambiguity exists, and is dealt with. A static method means no objects can be instantiated before so order of initialisation is clear. – This is just factually wrong, some objects are instantiated before (e.g. in a static constructor). So they can be invoked by the runtime without having to instantiate a parent object. – This is no answer at all. Just to justify further why I think this is a valid and interesting question: Many frameworks do use classes to represent applications, and constructors as entry points. For instance, the VB.NET application framework uses a dedicated main dialog (and its constructor) as the entry point1. Neither Java nor C# technically need a main method. Well, C# needs one to compile, but Java not even that. And in neither case is it needed for execution. So this doesn’t appear to be a technical restriction. And, as I mentioned in the first paragraph, for a mere convention it seems oddly unfitting with the general design principle of Java and C#. To be clear, there isn’t a specific disadvantage to having a static main method, it’s just distinctly odd, which made me wonder if there was some technical rationale behind it. I’m interested in a definitive answer from a primary or secondary source, not mere speculations. 1 Although there is a callback (Startup) which may intercept this.

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• Is there a good [and modern] reason to not have static HTML pages with AJAX content , rather than generate pages?

  - by user1725

  Assumptions: We don't care about IE6, and Noscript users. Lets pretend we have the following design concept: All your pages are HTML/CSS that create the ascetics, layout, colours, general design related things. Lets pretend this basic code below is that: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <link href="/example.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script src="example.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <head> <body> <div class="left"> </div> <div class="mid"> </div> <div class="right"> </div> </body> </html> Which in theory should produce, with the right CSS, three vertical columns on the web page. Now, here's the root of the question, what are the serious advantages and/or disadvantages of loading the content of these columns (lets assume they are all indeed dynamic content, not static) via AJAX requests, or have the content pre-set with a scripting language? So for instance, we would have, in the AJAX example, lets asume jquery is used on-load: //Multiple http requests $("body > div.left").load("./script.php?content=news"); $("body > div.right").load("./script.php?content=blogs"); $("body > div.mid").load("./script.php?content=links"); OR--- //Single http request $.ajax({ url: './script.php?content=news|blogs|links', method: 'json', type: 'text', success: function (data) { $("body > div.left").html(data.news); $("body > div.right").html(data.blogs); $("body > div.mid").html(data.links); } }) Verses doing this: <body> <div class="left"> <?php echo function_returning_news(); ?> </div> <div class="mid"> <?php echo function_returning_blogs(); ?> </div> <div class="right"> <?php echo function_returning_links(); ?> </div> </body> I'm personally thinking right now that doing static HTML pages is a better method, my reasoning is: I've separated my data, logic, and presentation (ie, "MVC") code. I can make changes to one without others. Browser caches mean I'm just getting server load mostly for the content, not the presentation wrapped around it. I could turn my "script.php" into a more robust API for the website. But I'm not certain or clear that these are legitimately good reasons, and I'm not confidently aware of other issues that could happen, so I would like to know the pros-and-cons, so to speak.

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• Do you ever worry that you're more concerned with how something is built rather than what you are actually building?

  - by Rob Stevenson-Leggett

  As a programmer I have an inherent nagging annoyance at my tools, other peoples code, my code, the world in general. I always want to improve it. So I refactor, I stay on top of the latest techniques. I try and learn patterns, I try to use frameworks so as not to reinvent the wheel. I can write a tech spec that will blow your socks off with the amount of patterns I can squeeze in. However, lately I feel I actually know more about the tools I use than how to actually implement successful software. I feel like I'm lacking in the human factors skill set and I believe that to be a successful software engineer takes more than knowing the coolest framework. I think it needs some of the following skillsets too. Interaction design User experience Marketing I've got a bit of this that I've learned from people I've worked with and great projects I've worked on but I don't feel like I "own" these skills. Am I right? Should I be trying to develop these skills further, or should these be left to the people who do these for a career? How do you make sure you don't get too tied up in how you're doing something and make sure you "make your users awesome"? Does anyone know of good resources for learning these skills from a programming point of view?

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• Company wants to write custom project management tool, rather then use third party product.

  - by Jason Evans

  At the company I work, we are really wanting to get into the agile methodology for developing software. One thing that I'm not excited about is the fact that management wants us to build a custom project management feature inside the company's Intranet. I think this is a total waste of time. There are many great third party tools available (e.g. Axosoft OnTime) that can do everything we need, and more. For how much development time it would cost us to build our own project management module, we could buy numerous licences for a third party product. One concern is that, whilst we are writing code for a client, and using our custom Intranet project management module, we find bugs in the module that need fixing ASAP. That means having to stop work on the client code to fix the Intranet. That just puts shivers down my spine. Another worry I have is lack of functionality. This custom module is going to be so basic, that it will just feel really crap to use. That might sound a bit snooty, but for goodness sake, many third party tools are so feature rich, that the idea of having to write our own tool makes feel very uneasy. In fact, I can't be bothered. What do you guys think? I'm going to raise this issue with my boss, since I feel it's such an important topic to talk about. EDIT: Thanks for the great responses, much appreciated. To summarize some of them: Money Naturally my boss does want to save money, by not forking out a few hundred £'s for licences. However, for us to write a custom tool, it will take x number of days, multiplied by approx £500, which is our costs. I don't see the business value in this. Management have mentioned that they want to sell the Intranet as a product in the future, but it's so custom to our needs (and downright basic), that in order to give it to another client, I can see us having to fork a version of the code and rebuild the majority of it anyway. So it's not like we're gaining anything there in reuse. Features Having our own custom module means not feature bloat - only the functionality we require will be in the product. My issue is that there are plenty of free, open-source project management tools out there with minimal features already. So even if cost is an issue, we could look into open-source. Again it all boils down to the fact that I don't see the point in writing a project management tool in this day and age. It's a bit like writing your own web browser - why?, what's the point? Although management are asking for this tool, just because they are, it does not mean I'm going to please them and do it just because they asked for it. If something does not make sense, then I will raise it as a concern. At the end of the day, it's the developers who write the code, it's the developers who make money for a business. Thus, as far I'm concerned, the devs have a very big role in deciding how a company should manage projects and what tools are used. "I am Spartan, argh!" :) Hmm, I've not been able to make this question a wiki for some reason, thus I'm going to have to pick an answer to accept. Cheers. Jas.

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• When is it better to offload work to the RDBMS rather than to do it in code?

  - by GeminiDomino

  Okay, I'll cop to it: I'm a better coder than I am at databases, and I'm wondering where thoughts on "best practices" lie on the subject of doing "simple" calculations in the SQL query vs. in the code, such as this MySQL example (I didn't write it, I just have to maintain it!) -- This returns the username, and the users age as of the last event. SELECT u.username as user, IF ((DAY(max(e.date)) - DAY(u.DOB)) &lt; 0 , TRUNCATE(((((YEAR(max(e.date))*12)+MONTH(max(e.date))) -((YEAR(u.DOB)*12)+MONTH(u.DOB)))-1)/12, 0), TRUNCATE((((YEAR(max(e.date))*12)+MONTH(max(e.date))) - ((YEAR(u.DOB)*12)+MONTH(u.DOB)))/12, 0)) AS age FROM users as u JOIN events as e ON u.id = e.uid ... Compared to doing the "heavy" lifting in code: Query: SELECT u.username, u.DOB as dob, e.event_date as edate FROM users as u JOIN events as e ON u.id = e.uid code: function ageAsOfDate($birth, $aod) { //expects dates in mysql Y-m-d format... list($by,$bm,$bd) = explode('-',$birth); list($ay,$am,$ad) = explode('-',$aod); //Insert Calculations here ... return $Dy; //Difference in years } echo "Hey! ". $row['user'] ." was ". ageAsOfDate($row['dob'], $row['edate']) . " when we last saw him."; I'm pretty sure in a simple case like this it wouldn't make much difference (other than the creeping feeling of horror when I have to make changes to queries like the first one), but I think it makes it clearer what I'm looking for. Thanks!

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• What issues lead people to use Japanese-specific encodings rather than Unicode?

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  At work I come across a lot of Japanese text files in Shift-JIS and other encodings. It causes many mojibake (unreadable character) problems for all computer users. Unicode was intended to solve this sort of problem by defining a single character set for all languages, and the UTF-8 serialization is recommended for use on the Internet. So why doesn't everybody switch from Japanese-specific encodings to UTF-8? What issues with or disadvantages of UTF-8 are holding people back? EDIT: The W3C lists some known problems with Unicode, could this be a reason too?

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• Which specific practices could be called "software craftsmanship" rather than "software engineering"?

  - by FinnNk

  Although not a new idea there seems to have been a big increase in the interest in software craftsmanship over the last couple of years (notably the often recommended book Clean Code's full title is Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship). Personally I see software craftsmanship as good software engineering with an added interest in ensuring that the end result is a joy to work with (both as an end user and as someone maintaining that software) - and also that its focus is more at the coding level of things than the higher level process things. To draw an analogy - there were lots of buildings constructed in the 50s and 60s in a very modern style which took very little account of the people who would be living in them or how those buildings would age over time. Many of those buildings rapidly developed into slums or have been demolished long before their expected lifespans. I'm sure most developers with a few years under their belts will have experienced similar codebases. What are the specific things that a software craftsman might do that a software engineer (possibly a bad one) might not?

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• Why can't `main` return a double or String rather than int or void?

  - by sunny

  In many languages such as C, C++, and Java, the main method/function has a return type of void or int, but not double or String. What might be the reasons behind that? I know a little bit that we can't do that because main is called by runtime library and it expects some syntax like int main() or int main(int,char**) so we have to stick to that. So my question is: why does main have the type signature that it has, and not a different one?

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• Why do almost all Java jobs (postings and from recruiters) say J2EE rather than the newer JEE versions?

  - by Rick

  I'm still fairly new to Java but have definite comfort now working within the framework I am used to which would mainly be focused on Spring, Hibernate and JEE 6. It seems like every time I talk to a recruiter all they do is throw around the keyword "J2EE", they need someone with J2EE experience, etc. I am aware that legacy systems would still be using J2EE but it seems like at least some jobs would be advertising JEE now. Just curious if they are just stuck with some keyword that they can't seem to wrap their heads around it having a newer version or what. Having not done Java all that long, I haven't used J2EE specifically but wouldn't it be fairly easy to adapt having used the newer enterprise edition? Just curious to hear anything about this from someone with more experience.

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• What are the caveats of the event system built on Messenger rather than on classic .NET events?

  - by voroninp

  MVVM Light and PRISM offer messenger to implement event system. the approximate interface looks like the following one: interface Messanger { void Subscribe<TMessageParam>(Action<TMessageParam> action); void Unsubscribe<TMessageParam>(Action<TMessageParam> action); void Unsubscribe<TMessageParam>(objec actionOwner); void Notify<TMessageParam>(TMessageParam param); } Now this model seems beneficial comparing to classic .net events. It works well with Dependency Injection. Actions are stored as weak references so memory leaks are avioded and unsubscribe is not a must. The only annoyance is the need to declare new TMessageParam for each specific message. But everything comes at a cost. And what I'm really worried about is that I see no shortcomings of this approach. Has anoyne the experience of some troubles with this design pattern?

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• How can I get non-programmer colleagues on board with bespoke software rather than Dynamics CRM + Sharepoint?

  - by Bendos

  I am working with a company which designs and builds one-off machines. They have been 'dabbling' with hosted Dynamics CRM and Sharepoint (on different servers!) in an attempt to centralise their data and help colleagues collaborate more effectively across projects. They haven't used either system to their potential. Now we are looking at the engineering department who already use a form of version control software for the various CAD files (Autodesk Vault) however it is becoming increasingly necessary to implement more of a generic file version control system as they use many more files than can be managed in Vault (sometimes just photos or scans of paper documents), hence why they were looking at using Sharepoint. However... as the 'programmer' of the bunch, I can see several scenarios which don't seem to fit well with the Dynamics + Sharepoint approach; simple reports based on cross-table queries, exporting certain metrics as a spreadsheet, defining project hierarchies and many-many relationships, and as such I have been pushing for an in-house developed 'ECM' / 'ERP' software package (perhaps in .NET or php). Some colleagues seem to attach a greater value to the MS software (perhaps becuase it has a logo!) but don't see that it's just a framework, not a solution. Can anyone provide a good example of when custom software would actually be better than using Dynamics + Sharepoint and how do I relate that to non-technical staff?

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• Mac OS X software always order files alphabetically rather than by type.

  - by george

  I have noticed many Mac applications sort the files alphabetically rather than by type. A good example would be Coda by panic.com. The files in the file menu are organized alphabetically. I requested for them to add the feature to organize files by type, and they've said that it's a Finder thing. So I looked at other applications to see if they were organizing by type. I noticed Dreamweaver CS4 had this same problem and now including Dreamweaver CS5. There has to be something in the Mac that does this and that I can modify. I played with Spotlight and it now displays its files by type (thinking that's what I can do) but it didn't take effect in other applications. What library are these applications using to display a file menu for their files? here is an example-- file menu layout of coda by panic.com. (i couldnt post another link because it wouldnt let me). can you see how everything is organised alphabetically rather than by folder? i just want the file menu to show all folders first then all the files. 1) http://www.iaddesign.com/coda.png there must be a way to modify mac to let me to do this.

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• Error happening when running "rake db:create RAILS_ENV='development' "

  - by Dean

  Hi, I am getting this error in my terminal when i execute the command above, Deans-MacBook:depot dean$ rake db:create RAILS_ENV='development' (in /Users/dean/src/RailsBook/depot) Couldn't create database for {"username"=>"root", "adapter"=>"mysql", "database"=>"depot_development", "host"=>"localhost", "password"=>nil}, charset: utf8, collation: utf8_unicode_ci (if you set the charset manually, make sure you have a matching collation) In database config file i have the following: development: adapter: mysql database: depot_development username: root password: host: localhost I have the mysql gem installed and now i am unsure on what to do next. I am running snow leopard on a Macbook. Does anyone know why this error is happening? Thanks in Advance Dean

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• How to redirect or show a page rather than "Forbidden" when i have directory listings off (htaccess/

  - by imlostmike

  Hi, I've set it in htaccess so it won't display the contents of directories, rather it will just show the usual Forbidden page. how can i either: show a certain page or redirect to a certain page rather than just this default "Forbidden" page? thanks

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• in Open Office Calc, how do I drag and drop cells to insert rather than replace their destination?

  - by joachim

  I want to rearrange rows with the mouse in Calc. In Excel, I select the whole row, then drag and drop it while holding SHIFT. This causes the drag and drop cursor to turn into a bar rather than cells, and the cells are inserted at the bar's position. Is there a way to accomplish the same sort of thing in Calc without going round the houses inserting columns before the drag operation?

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• In OpenOffice Calc, how do I drag and drop cells to insert rather than replace their destination?

  - by joachim

  I want to rearrange rows with the mouse in Calc. In Excel, I select the whole row, then drag and drop it while holding Shift. This causes the drag and drop cursor to turn into a bar rather than cells, and the cells are inserted at the bar's position. Is there a way to accomplish the same sort of thing in Calc without going around the houses inserting columns before the drag operation?

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• Is there a case for parameterising using Abstract classes rather than Interfaces?

  - by Chris

  I'm currently developing a component based API that is heavily stateful. The top level components implement around a dozen interfaces each. The stock top-level components therefore sit ontop of a stack of Abstract implementations which in turn contain multiple mixin implementations and implement multiple mixin interfaces. So far, so good (I hope). The problem is that the base functionality is extremely complex to implement (1,000s of lines in 5 layers of base classes) and therefore I do not wish for component writers to implement the interfaces themselves but rather to extend my base classes (where all the boiler plate code is already written). If the API therefore accepts interfaces rather than references to the Abstract implementation that I wish for component writers to extends, then I have a risk that the implementer will not perform the validation that is both required and assumed by other areas of code. Therefore, my question is, is it sometimes valid to paramerise API methods using an abstract implementation reference rather than a reference to the interface(s) that it implements? Do you have an example of a well-designed API that uses this technique or am I trying to talk myself into bad-practice?

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• How would I `wget` files and then save them by date downloaded rather than filename?

  - by searchfgold6789

  My goal: To download 131 JPEGs and save them in a file name format that is relative to the date/time format rather than their file name. I have already tried things that involve changing the files' names after they have already been downloaded. However, these methods do not work because it seems like exif data is not being kept. For example: jhead -n%Y%m%d-%H%M%S *.jpg just returns a bunch of errors saying: Possible new names for for '{filename}.jpg' already exist File '{filename}.jpg' contains no exif date stamp. Using file date Usually, as in this case, I wind up with less files than I started out with. So is there some command I can pass to wget instead? I have already tried the --timestamp option with no success. (The man page is not to clear about what that does.)

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• Mac OS X software always order files alphabetically rather than by type.

  - by george

  I have noticed many Mac applications sort the files alphabetically rather than by type. A good example would be Coda by panic.com. The files in the file menu are organized alphabetically. I requested for them to add the feature to organize files by type, and they've said that it's a Finder thing. So I looked at other applications to see if they were organizing by type. I noticed Dreamweaver CS4 had this same problem and now including Dreamweaver CS5. There has to be something in the Mac that does this and that I can modify. I played with Spotlight and it now displays its files by type (thinking that's what I can do) but it didn't take effect in other applications. What library are these applications using to display a file menu for their files?

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• How do I send email in plain text rather than HTML in my email client?

  - by JS Bangs

  For various reasons, I often have to help friends and family to send email in plain text rather than HTML. However, many of them use email clients that I'm not familiar with, forcing me to search the internet, read help files, or click randomly through dialogs looking for the setting. I've often wished there was a single page that included instructions for changing this setting for every popular email client. So let's make one. Write instructions for changing email settings from plain text to HTML in your preferred email client below. If someone else has already done so, please upvote their description so that the most used email clients rise to the top. (For obvious reasons, there won't be an "accepted answer" for this question. I'll set this question to community wiki after a few days.)

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• PHP compiled on Mac OSX 10.6 - using /usr/lib when trying to start apache... rather than /opt/local/lib specified when php was configured

  - by Anthony

  PHP 5.3.3 compiled on Mac OSX 10.6 - using /usr/lib when trying to start apache... rather than /opt/local/lib specified when php was configured Why is it trying to load from /usr/lib when I specified in my configure not to? httpd: Syntax error on line 115 of /private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf: Cannot load /usr/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so into server: dlopen(/usr/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so, 10): Library not loaded: /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib\n Referenced from: /usr/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so\n Reason: Incompatible library version: libphp5.so requires version 8.0.0 or later, but libiconv.2.dylib provides version 7.0.0 The error message above refers to /opt/local/lib which when I run: otool -LD /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib: /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib (compatibility version 8.0.0, current version 8.0.0) /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.0.0) It shows that the version is different than what http is erring out as.

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