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• Oracle UPK Content Development Tool Settings

  - by [email protected]

  Oracle UPK Content Development tool settings: Before developing UPK content, your UPK Developer needs to be configured with certain standard settings to ensure the content will have a uniform look. To set the options: 1. Open the UPK Developer. 2. Click the Tools menu. 3. Click Options. After you configure the UPK Options, you can share these preferences with other content developers by exporting them to an .ops file. This is particularly useful in workgroup environments where multiple authors are working on the same content that requires consistent output regardless of who authored the content. (To learn more about Exporting/Importing Content Defaults refer to the Content Development.pdf guide that is delivered with the UPK Developer.) Here is a list of a few UPK Developer tool settings that Oracle UPK Content Developers use to develop UPK pre-built content: Screen resolution is set to 1024 x 768. See It mode frame delay is set to 5 seconds. Know It Required % is set to 70% and all three levels of remediation are selected. We opt to automatically record keyboard shortcuts. We use the default settings for the Bubble icon and Pointer position. Bubble color is yellow (Red = 255, Green = 255, Blue = 128). Bubble text is Verdana, Regular, 9 pt. ***Intro and end frame settings match the bubble settings Note: The Content Defaults String Input Settings will change based on which application (interface) you are recording against. For example here is a list of settings for different Oracle applications: • Agile - Microsoft Sans Serif, Regular, 8 • EBS - Microsoft Sans Serif, Regular, 10 • Hyperion - Microsoft Sans Serif, Regular, 8 • JDE E1 - Arial, Regular, 10 • PeopleSoft - Arial, Regular, 9 • Siebel - Arial, Regular, 8 Remember, it is recommended that you set the content defaults before you add documents and record content. When the content defaults are changed, existing documents are not affected and continue to use the defaults that were in effect when those documents were created. - Kathryn Lustenberger, Oracle UPK & Tutor Outbound Product Management

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• A Reusable Builder Class for Javascript Testing

  - by Liam McLennan

  Continuing on my series of builders for C# and Ruby here is the solution in Javascript. This is probably the implementation with which I am least happy. There are several parts that did not seem to fit the language. This time around I didn’t bother with a testing framework, I just append some values to the page with jQuery. Here is the test code: var initialiseBuilder = function() { var builder = builderConstructor(); builder.configure({ 'Person': function() { return {name: 'Liam', age: 26}}, 'Property': function() { return {street: '127 Creek St', manager: builder.a('Person') }} }); return builder; }; var print = function(s) { $('body').append(s + '<br/>'); }; var build = initialiseBuilder(); // get an object liam = build.a('Person'); print(liam.name + ' is ' + liam.age); // get a modified object liam = build.a('Person', function(person) { person.age = 999; }); print(liam.name + ' is ' + liam.age); home = build.a('Property'); print(home.street + ' manager: ' + home.manager.name); and the implementation: var builderConstructor = function() { var that = {}; var defaults = {}; that.configure = function(d) { defaults = d; }; that.a = function(type, modifier) { var o = defaults[type](); if (modifier) { modifier(o); } return o; }; return that; }; I still like javascript’s syntax for anonymous methods, defaults[type]() is much clearer than the Ruby equivalent @defaults[klass].call(). You can see the striking similarity between Ruby hashes and javascript objects. I also prefer modifier(o) to the equivalent Ruby, yield o.

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• A Reusable Builder Class for Ruby Testing

  - by Liam McLennan

  My last post was about a class for building test data objects in C#. This post describes the same tool, but implemented in Ruby. The C# version was written first but I originally came up with the solution in my head using Ruby, and then I translated it to C#. The Ruby version was easier to write and is easier to use thanks to Ruby’s dynamic nature making generics unnecessary.  Here are my example domain classes: class Person attr_accessor :name, :age def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end end class Property attr_accessor :street, :manager def initialize(street, manager) @street = street @manager = manager end end and the test class showing what the builder does: class Test_Builder < Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @build = Builder.new @build.configure({ Property => lambda { Property.new '127 Creek St', @build.a(Person) }, Person => lambda { Person.new 'Liam', 26 } }) end def test_create assert_not_nil @build end def test_can_get_a_person @person = @build.a(Person) assert_not_nil @person assert_equal 'Liam', @person.name assert_equal 26, @person.age end def test_can_get_a_modified_person @person = @build.a Person do |person| person.age = 999 end assert_not_nil @person assert_equal 'Liam', @person.name assert_equal 999, @person.age end def test_can_get_a_different_type_that_depends_on_a_type_that_has_not_been_configured_yet @my_place = @build.a(Property) assert_not_nil @my_place assert_equal '127 Creek St', @my_place.street assert_equal @build.a(Person).name, @my_place.manager.name end end Finally, the implementation of Builder: class Builder # defaults is a hash of Class => creation lambda def configure defaults @defaults = defaults end def a(klass) temp = @defaults[klass].call() yield temp if block_given? temp end end

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• Error with missing Wallpaper after remove unity from sudo command

  - by Vray

  After I paste these scripts into terminal, my wallpaper became white. sudo ln -s /etc/xdg/xdg-une/autostart/maximus-autostart.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/ sudo ln -s /etc/xdg/xdg-une/autostart/netbook-launcher.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/ sudo ln -s /usr/share/gconf/une/default/20_une-gconf-default /usr/share/gconf/defaults/ sudo ln -s /usr/share/gconf/une/mandatory/20_une-gconf-mandatory /usr/share/gconf/defaults/ sudo update-gconf-defaults Help me, I dont know what [-s] for ? and how do i get my wallpaper back. Best Regards from Newbie

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• Unable to access intel fake RAID 1 array in Fedora 14 after reboot

  - by Sim

  Hello everyone, 1st I am relatively new to linux (but not to *nix). I have 4 disks assembled in the following intel ahci bios fake raid arrays: 2x320GB RAID1 - used for operating systems md126 2x1TB RAID1 - used for data md125 I have used the raid of size 320GB to install my operating system and the second raid I didn't even select during the installation of Fedora 14. After successful partitioning and installation of Fedora, I tried to make the second array available, it was possible to make it visible in linux with mdadm --assembe --scan , after that I created one maximum size partition and 1 maximum size ext4 filesystem in it. Mounted, and used it. After restart - a few I/O errors during boot regarding md125 + inability to mount the filesystem on it and dropped into repair shell. I commented the filesystem in fstab and it booted. To my surprise, the array was marked as "auto read only": [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# and the partition in it was not available as device special file in /dev: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md125* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 125 Jan 6 15:50 /dev/md125 [root@localhost ~]# But the partition is there according to fdisk: [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/md125 Disk /dev/md125: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 19 heads, 10 sectors/track, 10281682 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b238ea9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md125p1 2048 1953519615 976758784 83 Linux [root@localhost ~]# I tried to "activate" the array in different ways (I'm not experienced with mdadm and the man page is gigantic so I was only browsing it looking for my answer) but it was impossible - the array would still stay in "auto read only" and the device special file for the partition it will not be in /dev. It was only after I recreated the partition via fdisk that it reappeared in /dev... until next reboot. So, my question is - How do I make the array automatically available after reboot? Here is some additional information: 1st I am able to see the UUID of the array in blkid: [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdc: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdd: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/md126p1: UUID="60C8D9A7C8D97C2A" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/md126p2: UUID="3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md126p3: UUID="1Msqqr-AAF8-k0wi-VYnq-uWJU-y0OD-uIFBHL" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv: LABEL="_Fedora-14-x86_6" UUID="34cc1cf5-6845-4489-8303-7a90c7663f0a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv: UUID="4644d857-e13b-456c-ac03-6f26299c1046" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv: UUID="82bd58b2-edab-4b4b-aec4-b79595ecd0e3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv: UUID="1b001444-5fdd-41b6-a59a-9712ec6def33" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv: UUID="bf7d2459-2b35-4a1c-9b81-d4c4f24a9842" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md125: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sda: TYPE="isw_raid_member" /dev/md125p1: UUID="420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# Here is how /etc/mdadm.conf looks like: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm.conf written out by anaconda MAILADDR root AUTO +imsm +1.x -all ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=89f60dee:e46a251f:7475814b:d4cc19a9 ARRAY /dev/md126 UUID=a8775c90:cee66376:5310fc13:63bcba5b ARRAY /dev/md125 UUID=b9a1149f:ae114fc8:a6000d77:354dc42a [root@localhost ~]# here is how /proc/mdstat looks like after I recreate the partition in the array so that it becomes available: [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# Detailed output regarding the array in subject: [root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md125 /dev/md125: Container : /dev/md127, member 0 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976759808 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759940 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Update Time : Fri Jan 7 00:38:00 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 30ebc3c2:b6a64751:4758d05c:fa8ff782 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc 0 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd [root@localhost ~]# and /etc/fstab, with /data commented (the filesystem that is on this array): # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 6 03:32:40 2011 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 #UUID=420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059 /data ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv /tmp ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv /var ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# Thanks in advance to everyone that even read this whole issue :-)

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• NTFS partitions mount as root instead of user as set in /etc/fstab

  - by G1bs0n

  I recently upgraded a server to Ubuntu 12.04 with a fresh install and my NTFS partitions won't mount as user at boot but I can mount them as user manually from the console with $ sudo mount -a. Using ntfsfix reports no problems and chkdisk sees nothing wrong under Windows 7. Are the drives not ready to be mounted at boot and default to root instead of user for some reason? Here is my /etc/fstab: UUID=E4E6B30CE6B2DDCC /media/Bowles ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=A040C42340C3FDD2 /media/Burroughs ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=EA022C73022C46C3 /media/DoctorGonzo ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=BA425A384259FA19 /media/Geist ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 UUID=E87CFAE57CFAAE06 /media/DouglasAdams ntfs-3g defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0 Here is the output of ls -l after boot: drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 31 21:46 Bowles drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 8192 Oct 31 21:46 Burroughs drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 4096 Oct 28 21:45 DoctorGonzo drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 12288 Oct 31 19:56 DouglasAdams drwxrwxr-x 1 root users 4096 Nov 3 01:03 Geist If I unmount and mount again with $ sudo mount -a from console, the output of ls -l: drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 31 21:46 Bowles drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 8192 Oct 31 21:46 Burroughs drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Oct 28 21:45 DoctorGonzo drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 12288 Oct 31 19:56 DouglasAdams drwxr-xr-x 1 xbmc xbmc 4096 Nov 3 01:03 Geist Update I was fooling myself, I had a custom udev rule set up to auto-mount file systems by label for USB drives, borrowed from here, but didn't update the rule to accommodate for my additional hard drives. Updating the rule to auto-mount only drives after /dev/sde solved my problem. Thank you again for your reply cartoonist.

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• URGENT: help recovering lost data

  - by Niels Kristian

  I have made a directory: sudo mkdir /ssd, the directory was supposed to be mounted to a raid array called md3. This was done by adding /dev/md3 /ssd auto defaults 0 0 to fstab. Then after a while where I had used the directory, I realized that I had forgotten to run sudo mount -a - and then I did, and now the data is gone. I tried to uncomment the line in fstab and run sudo mount -a but that didn't get back my data. What can I do!? CONTENT OF FSTAB: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md/0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md/1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md/2 / ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/md3 /ssd auto defaults 0 0

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• How to access a superclass's class attributes in Python?

  - by Brecht Machiels

  Have a look at the following code: class A(object): defaults = {'a': 1} def __getattr__(self, name): print('A.__getattr__') return self.get_default(name) @classmethod def get_default(cls, name): # some debug output print('A.get_default({}) - {}'.format(name, cls)) try: print(super(cls, cls).defaults) # as expected except AttributeError: #except for the base object class, of course pass # the actual function body try: return cls.defaults[name] except KeyError: return super(cls, cls).get_default(name) # infinite recursion #return cls.__mro__[1].get_default(name) # this works, though class B(A): defaults = {'b': 2} class C(B): defaults = {'c': 3} c = C() print('c.a =', c.a) I have a hierarchy of classes each with its own dictionary containing some default values. If an instance of a class doesn't have a particular attribute, a default value for it should be returned instead. If no default value for the attribute is contained in the current class's defaults dictionary, the superclass's defaults dictionary should be searched. I'm trying to implement this using the recursive class method get_default. The program gets stuck in an infinite recursion, unfortunately. My understanding of super() is obviously lacking. By accessing __mro__, I can get it to work properly though, but I'm not sure this is a proper solution. I have the feeling the answer is somewhere in this article, but I haven't been able to find it yet. Perhaps I need to resort to using a metaclass?

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• How do I add a trailing slash for Django MPTT-based categorization app?

  - by Patrick Beeson

  I'm using Django-MPTT to develop a categorization app for my Django project. But I can't seem to get the regex pattern for adding a trailing slash that doesn't also break on child categories. Here's an example URL: http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/ I'd like to be able to use http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat and have it redirect to the trailing slash version. The same should apply to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat (it should redirect to http://mydjangoapp.com/categories/parentcat/childcat/). Here's my urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page from storefront.categories.models import Category from storefront.categories.views import SimpleCategoryView urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^(?P<full_slug>[-\w/]+)', cache_page(SimpleCategoryView.as_view(), 60 * 15), name='category_view'), ) And here is my view: from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from django.views.generic import TemplateView, DetailView from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, SingleObjectMixin from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed from storefront.categories.models import Category class SimpleCategoryView(TemplateView): def get_category(self): return Category.objects.get(full_slug=self.kwargs['full_slug']) def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(SimpleCategoryView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context["category"] = self.get_category() return context def get_template_names(self): if self.get_category().template_name: return [self.get_category().template_name] else: return ['categories/category_detail.html'] And finally, my model: from django.db import models from mptt.models import MPTTModel from mptt.fields import TreeForeignKey class CategoryManager(models.Manager): def get(self, **kwargs): defaults = {} defaults.update(kwargs) if 'full_slug' in defaults: if defaults['full_slug'] and defaults['full_slug'][-1] != "/": defaults['full_slug'] += "/" return super(CategoryManager, self).get(**defaults) class Category(MPTTModel): title = models.CharField(max_length=255) description = models.TextField(blank=True, help_text='Please use <a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax">Markdown syntax</a> for all text-formatting and links. No HTML is allowed.') slug = models.SlugField(help_text='Prepopulates from title field.') full_slug = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True) template_name = models.CharField(max_length=70, blank=True, help_text="Example: 'categories/category_parent.html'. If this isn't provided, the system will use 'categories/category_detail.html'. Use 'categories/category_parent.html' for all parent categories and 'categories/category_child.html' for all child categories.") parent = TreeForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, related_name='children') objects = CategoryManager() class Meta: verbose_name = 'category' verbose_name_plural = 'categories' def save(self, *args, **kwargs): orig_full_slug = self.full_slug if self.parent: self.full_slug = "%s%s/" % (self.parent.full_slug, self.slug) else: self.full_slug = "%s/" % self.slug obj = super(Category, self).save(*args, **kwargs) if orig_full_slug != self.full_slug: for child in self.get_children(): child.save() return obj def available_product_set(self): """ Returns available, prioritized products for a category """ from storefront.apparel.models import Product return self.product_set.filter(is_available=True).order_by('-priority') def __unicode__(self): return "%s (%s)" % (self.title, self.full_slug) def get_absolute_url(self): return '/categories/%s' % (self.full_slug)

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• reiserfsck on lvm

  - by DaDaDom

  It seems like my filesystem got corrupted somehow during the last reboot of my server. I can't fsck some logical volumes anymore. The setup: root@rescue ~ # cat /mnt/rescue/etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md1 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/systemlvm/home /home reiserfs defaults 0 0 /dev/systemlvm/usr /usr reiserfs defaults 0 0 /dev/systemlvm/var /var reiserfs defaults 0 0 /dev/systemlvm/tmp /tmp reiserfs noexec,nosuid 0 2 /dev/sda5 none swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 /dev/sdb5 none swap defaults,pri=1 0 0 [UPDATE] First question: what "part" should I check for bad blocks? The logical volume, the underlying /dev/md or the /dev/sdx below that? Is doing what I am doing the right way to go? [/UPDATE] The errormessage when checking /dev/systemlvm/usr: root@rescue ~ # reiserfsck /dev/systemlvm/usr reiserfsck 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com) [...] Will read-only check consistency of the filesystem on /dev/systemlvm/usr Will put log info to 'stdout' Do you want to run this program?[N/Yes] (note need to type Yes if you do):Yes ########### reiserfsck --check started at Wed Feb 3 07:10:55 2010 ########### Replaying journal.. Reiserfs journal '/dev/systemlvm/usr' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed Checking internal tree.. Bad root block 0. (--rebuild-tree did not complete) Aborted Well so far, let's try --rebuild-tree: root@rescue ~ # reiserfsck --rebuild-tree /dev/systemlvm/usr reiserfsck 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com) [...] Will rebuild the filesystem (/dev/systemlvm/usr) tree Will put log info to 'stdout' Do you want to run this program?[N/Yes] (note need to type Yes if you do):Yes Replaying journal.. Reiserfs journal '/dev/systemlvm/usr' in blocks [18..8211]: 0 transactions replayed ########### reiserfsck --rebuild-tree started at Wed Feb 3 07:12:27 2010 ########### Pass 0: ####### Pass 0 ####### Loading on-disk bitmap .. ok, 269716 blocks marked used Skipping 8250 blocks (super block, journal, bitmaps) 261466 blocks will be read 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100% left 0, 11368 /sec 52919 directory entries were hashed with "r5" hash. "r5" hash is selected Flushing..finished Read blocks (but not data blocks) 261466 Leaves among those 13086 Objectids found 53697 Pass 1 (will try to insert 13086 leaves): ####### Pass 1 ####### Looking for allocable blocks .. finished 0% left 12675, 0 /sec The problem has occurred looks like a hardware problem (perhaps memory). Send us the bug report only if the second run dies at the same place with the same block number. mark_block_used: (39508) used already Aborted Bad. But let's do it again as mentioned: [...] Flushing..finished Read blocks (but not data blocks) 261466 Leaves among those 13085 Objectids found 54305 Pass 1 (will try to insert 13085 leaves): ####### Pass 1 ####### Looking for allocable blocks .. finished 0%... left 12127, 958 /sec The problem has occurred looks like a hardware problem (perhaps memory). Send us the bug report only if the second run dies at the same place with the same block number. build_the_tree: Nothing but leaves are expected. Block 196736 - internal Aborted Same happens every time, only the actual error message changes. Sometimes I get mark_block_used: (somenumber) used already, other times the block number changes. Seems like something is REALLY broken. Are there any chances I can somehow get the partitions to work again? It's a server to which I don't have physical access directly (hosted server). Thanks in advance!

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• C#: Optional Parameters - Pros and Pitfalls

  - by James Michael Hare

  When Microsoft rolled out Visual Studio 2010 with C# 4, I was very excited to learn how I could apply all the new features and enhancements to help make me and my team more productive developers. Default parameters have been around forever in C++, and were intentionally omitted in Java in favor of using overloading to satisfy that need as it was though that having too many default parameters could introduce code safety issues.  To some extent I can understand that move, as I’ve been bitten by default parameter pitfalls before, but at the same time I feel like Java threw out the baby with the bathwater in that move and I’m glad to see C# now has them. This post briefly discusses the pros and pitfalls of using default parameters.  I’m avoiding saying cons, because I really don’t believe using default parameters is a negative thing, I just think there are things you must watch for and guard against to avoid abuses that can cause code safety issues. Pro: Default Parameters Can Simplify Code Let’s start out with positives.  Consider how much cleaner it is to reduce all the overloads in methods or constructors that simply exist to give the semblance of optional parameters.  For example, we could have a Message class defined which allows for all possible initializations of a Message: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: // can either cascade these like this or duplicate the defaults (which can introduce risk) 4: public Message() 5: : this(string.Empty) 6: { 7: } 8:  9: public Message(string text) 10: : this(text, null) 11: { 12: } 13:  14: public Message(string text, IDictionary<string, string> properties) 15: : this(text, properties, -1) 16: { 17: } 18:  19: public Message(string text, IDictionary<string, string> properties, long timeToLive) 20: { 21: // ... 22: } 23: }   Now consider the same code with default parameters: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: // can either cascade these like this or duplicate the defaults (which can introduce risk) 4: public Message(string text = "", IDictionary<string, string> properties = null, long timeToLive = -1) 5: { 6: // ... 7: } 8: }   Much more clean and concise and no repetitive coding!  In addition, in the past if you wanted to be able to cleanly supply timeToLive and accept the default on text and properties above, you would need to either create another overload, or pass in the defaults explicitly.  With named parameters, though, we can do this easily: 1: var msg = new Message(timeToLive: 100);   Pro: Named Parameters can Improve Readability I must say one of my favorite things with the default parameters addition in C# is the named parameters.  It lets code be a lot easier to understand visually with no comments.  Think how many times you’ve run across a TimeSpan declaration with 4 arguments and wondered if they were passing in days/hours/minutes/seconds or hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds.  A novice running through your code may wonder what it is.  Named arguments can help resolve the visual ambiguity: 1: // is this days/hours/minutes/seconds (no) or hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds (yes) 2: var ts = new TimeSpan(1, 2, 3, 4); 3:  4: // this however is visually very explicit 5: var ts = new TimeSpan(days: 1, hours: 2, minutes: 3, seconds: 4);   Or think of the times you’ve run across something passing a Boolean literal and wondered what it was: 1: // what is false here? 2: var sub = CreateSubscriber(hostname, port, false); 3:  4: // aha! Much more visibly clear 5: var sub = CreateSubscriber(hostname, port, isBuffered: false);   Pitfall: Don't Insert new Default Parameters In Between Existing Defaults Now let’s consider a two potential pitfalls.  The first is really an abuse.  It’s not really a fault of the default parameters themselves, but a fault in the use of them.  Let’s consider that Message constructor again with defaults.  Let’s say you want to add a messagePriority to the message and you think this is more important than a timeToLive value, so you decide to put messagePriority before it in the default, this gives you: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: public Message(string text = "", IDictionary<string, string> properties = null, int priority = 5, long timeToLive = -1) 4: { 5: // ... 6: } 7: }   Oh boy have we set ourselves up for failure!  Why?  Think of all the code out there that could already be using the library that already specified the timeToLive, such as this possible call: 1: var msg = new Message(“An error occurred”, myProperties, 1000);   Before this specified a message with a TTL of 1000, now it specifies a message with a priority of 1000 and a time to live of -1 (infinite).  All of this with NO compiler errors or warnings. So the rule to take away is if you are adding new default parameters to a method that’s currently in use, make sure you add them to the end of the list or create a brand new method or overload. Pitfall: Beware of Default Parameters in Inheritance and Interface Implementation Now, the second potential pitfalls has to do with inheritance and interface implementation.  I’ll illustrate with a puzzle: 1: public interface ITag 2: { 3: void WriteTag(string tagName = "ITag"); 4: } 5:  6: public class BaseTag : ITag 7: { 8: public virtual void WriteTag(string tagName = "BaseTag") { Console.WriteLine(tagName); } 9: } 10:  11: public class SubTag : BaseTag 12: { 13: public override void WriteTag(string tagName = "SubTag") { Console.WriteLine(tagName); } 14: } 15:  16: public static class Program 17: { 18: public static void Main() 19: { 20: SubTag subTag = new SubTag(); 21: BaseTag subByBaseTag = subTag; 22: ITag subByInterfaceTag = subTag; 23:  24: // what happens here? 25: subTag.WriteTag(); 26: subByBaseTag.WriteTag(); 27: subByInterfaceTag.WriteTag(); 28: } 29: }   What happens?  Well, even though the object in each case is SubTag whose tag is “SubTag”, you will get: 1: SubTag 2: BaseTag 3: ITag   Why?  Because default parameter are resolved at compile time, not runtime!  This means that the default does not belong to the object being called, but by the reference type it’s being called through.  Since the SubTag instance is being called through an ITag reference, it will use the default specified in ITag. So the moral of the story here is to be very careful how you specify defaults in interfaces or inheritance hierarchies.  I would suggest avoiding repeating them, and instead concentrating on the layer of classes or interfaces you must likely expect your caller to be calling from. For example, if you have a messaging factory that returns an IMessage which can be either an MsmqMessage or JmsMessage, it only makes since to put the defaults at the IMessage level since chances are your user will be using the interface only. So let’s sum up.  In general, I really love default and named parameters in C# 4.0.  I think they’re a great tool to help make your code easier to read and maintain when used correctly. On the plus side, default parameters: Reduce redundant overloading for the sake of providing optional calling structures. Improve readability by being able to name an ambiguous argument. But remember to make sure you: Do not insert new default parameters in the middle of an existing set of default parameters, this may cause unpredictable behavior that may not necessarily throw a syntax error – add to end of list or create new method. Be extremely careful how you use default parameters in inheritance hierarchies and interfaces – choose the most appropriate level to add the defaults based on expected usage. Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Software,Default Parameters

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• can not set the bool value of app setting

  - by user262325

  Hello everyone I use the codes below to read and write a bool value from my application: -(void)SaveAppSetting; {     NSUserDefaults *defaults=[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];     bool b=true;     [defaults setBool:b forKey:@"AnyKey"]; [defaults synchronize]; } -(void)LoadAppSetting; {     NSUserDefaults *defaults=[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];     bool b=[defaults boolForKey: @"AnyKey"] ; } I found that "LoadAppSetting" worked well, it could get the correct value of item with key "AnyKey". The function "SaveAppSetting" looked like no function, it reported no error, but it can not change value of the item with key "AnyKey". "AnyKey" setting in Setting bundle is item Dictionary Type String PSToggleSwitchSpecifier Title String AnyKey's Title Key String AnyKey DefaultValue Boolean Checked Is there any person met the same problem? Thanks interdev

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• mongoid with rails - Database should be a Mongo::DB, not NilClass"

  - by Adam T

  Greetings I am trying to get Mongoid to work with my Rails app and I am getting an error: "Mongoid::Errors::InvalidDatabase in 'Shipment bol should be unique' Database should be a Mongo::DB, not NilClass" I have created the mongoid.yml file in my config directory and have mongodb running as a daemon. The config file is like so: defaults: &defaults host: localhost development: <<: *defaults database: ship-it-development test: <<: *defaults database: ship-it-test production: <<: *defaults host: <%= ENV['MONGOID_HOST'] % port: <%= ENV['MONGOID_PORT'] % database: <%= ENV['MONGOID_DATABASE'] % All of my specs fail with the above error. I am using rails 2.3.8. Anyone have ideas?

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• Dynamically create class attributes

  - by ahojnnes

  Hi, I need to dynamically create class attributes from a DEFAULTS dictionary. defaults = { 'default_value1':True, 'default_value2':True, 'default_value3':True, } class Settings(object): default_value1 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value1], ...) default_value2 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value2], ...) default_value3 = some_complex_init_function(defaults[default_value3], ...) I could also achive this by having sth. like __init__ for class creation, in order to dynamically create these attributes from dictionary and save a lot of code and stupid work. How would you do this? Thank you very much in advance!

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• A Reusable Builder Class for .NET testing

  - by Liam McLennan

  When writing tests, other than end-to-end integration tests, we often need to construct test data objects. Of course this can be done using the class’s constructor and manually configuring the object, but to get many objects into a valid state soon becomes a large percentage of the testing effort. After many years of painstakingly creating builders for each of my domain objects I have finally become lazy enough to bother to write a generic, reusable builder class for .NET. To use it you instantiate a instance of the builder and configuring it with a builder method for each class you wish it to be able to build. The builder method should require no parameters and should return a new instance of the type in a default, valid state. In other words the builder method should be a Func<TypeToBeBuilt>. The best way to make this clear is with an example. In my application I have the following domain classes that I want to be able to use in my tests: public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public bool IsAndroid { get; set; } } public class Building { public string Street { get; set; } public Person Manager { get; set; } } The builder for this domain is created like so: build = new Builder(); build.Configure(new Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> { {typeof(Building), () => new Building {Street = "Queen St", Manager = build.A<Person>()}}, {typeof(Person), () => new Person {Name = "Eugene", Age = 21}} }); Note how Building depends on Person, even though the person builder method is not defined yet. Now in a test I can retrieve a valid object from the builder: var person = build.A<Person>(); If I need a class in a customised state I can supply an Action<TypeToBeBuilt> to mutate the object post construction: var person = build.A<Person>(p => p.Age = 99); The power and efficiency of this approach becomes apparent when your tests require larger and more complex objects than Person and Building. When I get some time I intend to implement the same functionality in Javascript and Ruby. Here is the full source of the Builder class: public class Builder { private Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> defaults; public void Configure(Dictionary<Type, Func<object>> defaults) { this.defaults = defaults; } public T A<T>() { if (!defaults.ContainsKey(typeof(T))) throw new ArgumentException("No object of type " + typeof(T).Name + " has been configured with the builder."); T o = (T)defaults[typeof(T)](); return o; } public T A<T>(Action<T> customisation) { T o = A<T>(); customisation(o); return o; } }

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• Static content not displayed with Zend FW

  - by shin

  I am trying to display a static content with Zend framework. When I go to http://square.localhost/content/services, I get an error message. Could anyone tell me how to fix this please? Thanks in advance. application.ini .... .... resources.layout.layoutPath = APPLICATION_PATH "/layouts" resources.layout.layout = "master" resources.router.routes.home.route = /home resources.router.routes.home.defaults.module = default resources.router.routes.home.defaults.controller = index resources.router.routes.home.defaults.action = index resources.router.routes.static-content.route = /content/:page resources.router.routes.static-content.defaults.module = default resources.router.routes.static-content.defaults.controller = static-content resources.router.routes.static-content.defaults.action = display application/modules/default/controllers/StaticContentController.php class StaticContentController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function init() { } // display static views public function displayAction() { $page = $this->getRequest()->getParam('page'); if (file_exists($this->view->getScriptPath(null) . "/" . $this->getRequest()->getControllerName() . "/$page." . $this->viewSuffix)) { $this->render($page); } else { throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception('Page not found', 404); } } } application/modules/default/views/scripts/static-content/services.phtml some html ... ... Error message An error occurred Page not found Exception information: Message: Page not found Stack trace: #0 /var/www/square/library/Zend/Controller/Action.php(513): StaticContentController->displayAction() #1 /var/www/square/library/Zend/Controller/Dispatcher/Standard.php(295): Zend_Controller_Action->dispatch('displayAction') #2 /var/www/square/library/Zend/Controller/Front.php(954): Zend_Controller_Dispatcher_Standard->dispatch(Object(Zend_Controller_Request_Http), Object(Zend_Controller_Response_Http)) #3 /var/www/square/library/Zend/Application/Bootstrap/Bootstrap.php(97): Zend_Controller_Front->dispatch() #4 /var/www/square/library/Zend/Application.php(366): Zend_Application_Bootstrap_Bootstrap->run() #5 /var/www/square/public/index.php(26): Zend_Application->run() #6 {main} Request Parameters: array ( 'page' => 'services', 'module' => 'default', 'controller' => 'static-content', 'action' => 'display', )

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• how can I know current viewcontroller name in iphone

  - by Shikhar

  I have BaseView which implement UIViewController. Every view in project must implement this BaseView. In BaseView, I have method: -(void) checkLoginStatus { defaults = [[NSUserDefaults alloc] init]; if(![[defaults objectForKey:@"USERID"] length] > 0 ) { Login *login=[[Login alloc] initWithNibName:@"Login" bundle:nil]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:login animated:TRUE]; [login release]; } [defaults release]; } The problem is my Login view also implement BaseView, checks for login, and again open LoginView i.e. stuck in to recursive calling. Can I check in checkLoginStatus method if request is from LoginView then take no action else check login. Ex: (void) checkLoginStatus { if(SubView is NOT Login){ defaults = [[NSUserDefaults alloc] init]; if(![[defaults objectForKey:@"USERID"] length] 0 ) { Login *login=[[Login alloc] initWithNibName:@"Login" bundle:nil]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:login animated:TRUE]; [login release]; } [defaults release]; } } Please help..

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• Error when loading YAML config files in Rails

  - by ZelluX

  I am configuring Rails with MongoDB, and find a strange problem when paring config/mongo.yml file. config/mongo.yml is generated by executing script/rails generate mongo_mapper:config, and it looks like following: defaults: &defaults host: 127.0.0.1 port: 27017 development: <<: *defaults database: tc_web_development test: <<: *defaults database: tc_web_test From the config file we can see the objects development and test should both have a database field. But when it is parsed and loaded in config/initializers/mongo.db, config = YAML::load(File.read(Rails.root.join('config/mongo.yml'))) puts config.inspect MongoMapper.setup(config, Rails.env) the strange thing comes: the output of puts config.inspect is {"defaults"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017}, "development"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017}, "test"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017}} which does not contain database attribute. But when I execute the same statements in a plain ruby console, instead of using rails console, mongo.yml is parsed in a right way. {"defaults"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017}, "development"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017, "database"=>"tc_web_development"}, "test"=>{"host"=>"127.0.0.1", "port"=>27017, "database"=>"tc_web_test"}} I am wondering what may be the cause of this problem. Any ideas? Thanks.

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• Associative Array / Object can't be read in functions

  - by Matrym

  At the very beginning of the javascript file, I have: var lbp = {}; lbp.defaults = { minLength: 40 }; I can successfully alert it afterwards, with: alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); But as soon as I put it inside a function, when I alert, I get "Undefined". What gives, and how do I avoid this? Is it absolutely necessary to pass this variable into each function, for example, by doing: function(lbp) { alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); } I would have thought that defining it first, it would attain global scope and not be required to be passed in? Thanks in advance for enlightening me :) ==================================== EDIT: The problem seems like it might be my initialize function is itself defined within lbp. Is there any way to use this function var, and still use lbp vars inside it? lbp.initialize = function() { alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); }; The full bit of code looks like this: <script type="text/javascript"> var lbp = { defaults: { minLength: 40 } }; lbp.initialize = function() { alert(lbp.defaults.minLength); }; window.onload = lbp.initialize; </script>

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• How Can I Populate Default Form Data with a ManyToMany Field?

  - by b14ck

  Ok, I've been crawling google and Django documentation for over 2 hours now (as well as the IRC channel on freenode), and haven't been able to figure this one out. Basically, I have a model called Room, which is displayed below: class Room(models.Model): """ A `Partyline` room. Rooms on the `Partyline`s are like mini-chatrooms. Each room has a variable amount of `Caller`s, and usually a moderator of some sort. Each `Partyline` has many rooms, and it is common for `Caller`s to join multiple rooms over the duration of their call. """ LIVE = 0 PRIVATE = 1 ONE_ON_ONE = 2 UNCENSORED = 3 BULLETIN_BOARD = 4 CHILL = 5 PHONE_BOOTH = 6 TYPE_CHOICES = ( ('LR', 'Live Room'), ('PR', 'Private Room'), ('UR', 'Uncensored Room'), ) type = models.CharField('Room Type', max_length=2, choices=TYPE_CHOICES) number = models.IntegerField('Room Number') partyline = models.ForeignKey(Partyline) owner = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True, null=True) bans = models.ManyToManyField(Caller, blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return "%s - %s %d" % (self.partyline.name, self.type, self.number) I've also got a forms.py which has the following ModelForm to represent my Room model: from django.forms import ModelForm from partyline_portal.rooms.models import Room class RoomForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Room I'm creating a view which allows administrators to edit a given Room object. Here's my view (so far): def edit_room(request, id=None): """ Edit various attributes of a specific `Room`. Room owners do not have access to this page. They cannot edit the attributes of the `Room`(s) that they control. """ room = get_object_or_404(Room, id=id) if not room.is_owner(request.user): return HttpResponseForbidden('Forbidden.') if is_user_type(request.user, ['admin']): form_type = RoomForm elif is_user_type(request.user, ['lm']): form_type = LineManagerEditRoomForm elif is_user_type(request.user, ['lo']): form_type = LineOwnerEditRoomForm if request.method == 'POST': form = form_type(request.POST, instance=room) if form.is_valid(): if 'owner' in form.cleaned_data: room.owner = form.cleaned_data['owner'] room.save() else: defaults = {'type': room.type, 'number': room.number, 'partyline': room.partyline.id} if room.owner: defaults['owner'] = room.owner.id if room.bans: defaults['bans'] = room.bans.all() ### this does not work properly! form = form_type(defaults, instance=room) variables = RequestContext(request, {'form': form, 'room': room}) return render_to_response('portal/rooms/edit.html', variables) Now, this view works fine when I view the page. It shows all of the form attributes, and all of the default values are filled in (when users do a GET)... EXCEPT for the default values for the ManyToMany field 'bans'. Basically, if an admins clicks on a Room object to edit, the page they go to will show all of the Rooms default values except for the 'bans'. No matter what I do, I can't find a way to get Django to display the currently 'banned users' for the Room object. Here is the line of code that needs to be changed (from the view): defaults = {'type': room.type, 'number': room.number, 'partyline': room.partyline.id} if room.owner: defaults['owner'] = room.owner.id if room.bans: defaults['bans'] = room.bans.all() ### this does not work properly! There must be some other syntax I have to use to specify the default value for the 'bans' field. I've really been pulling my hair out on this one, and would definitely appreciate some help. Thanks!

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• Kernel upgrade CentOS 5.3 mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'

  - by matt

  We have a CentOS 5.3 x64 server that by default runs kernel version 2.6.18-164.11.1 and we are attempting to upgrade the box to 2.6.31.12 The drive is LVM +ext3, and the problem I'm having is when I upgrade the kernel and attempt to boot from it, no matter what version of the kernel I use, I get /dev/root not found towards the end of the boot process, and the kernel panics, and than reboots. I'm installing the kernel exactly as it says in this doc. I've tried it "The centOS way " using make rpm and than installing that. I've updated my mkinitrd. The most interesting part of this problem is that it has been so frustrating that I decided to try and clean install centos on an identical machine without LVM, and the result is EXACTLY the same. After upgrading the kernel, I get /dev/root not found. Does anyone know how to fix this, or what information would be relevant to remedy it? I'm open to try anything at this point. One more interesting thing about this problem is that in the new version of the kernel, during boot it complains that dm-mapper is started twice, than panics right after that. I've tried this with other kernel versions, and the result is the same. What am I missing here? If you need any more files, please just ask. Linux cg 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.31.12-rt20) //NOT WORKING!!!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-rt20 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.31.12-rt20.img title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) //WORKING!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img

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• centos install / partitioning

  - by ServerSideX

  I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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• Ubuntu server 12.04.03 not checking disk partitions on reboot?

  - by jamesc

  My MOTD is showing: *** /dev/md2 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md3 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** However, a standard sudo shutdown -r now does not appear to check the disks and the message remains. My guess is that the partitions 'should' be checked and that they are not being... so how can I get Ubuntu to check the partitions at reboot and keep things nice and safe? Update - this is the output of cat /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md/0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md/1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md/2 / ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/md/3 /home ext4 defaults 0 0 Update 2 - One message gone... Using @christianwolff's suggestions... sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot sudo touch /forcefsck sudo shutdown -r now And now the motd is down to *** /dev/md1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** /dev/md3 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** So 'md2(ext4)' has been checked and the message updated.

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• How to get rid of devices in the right panel of Nautilus ?

  - by Patryk

  I would like to rid of not mounted ntfs partition from Nautilus' right panel ( I just want 352 GB Filesystem - d drive to be there. First of all 352 GB Filesystem is in fact d so I do not know why it is duplicated. Secondly I have put Acer and SYSTEM RESERVED to be nouser mounts on purpose, so that I (or sombody else) will not format it (or else) by accident. So my /etc/fstab looks like this : #comments....... # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 UUID=1384cee0-6a71-4b83-b0d3-1338db925168 / ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=e3729117-b936-4c1d-9883-aee73dab6729 none swap sw 0 0 #------ MY WINDOWS D DRIVE---------- UUID=98E8B14DE8B12A80 /media/d ntfs defaults,errors=remount-ro,user 0 0 # #-------ACER---------------- UUID=01CBEA9D4476C2F0 /media/acer ntfs defaults,noauto,noexec,ro,nouser 0 0 # #-------SYSTEM RESERVED----- UUID=01CBEA95760F9330 /media/systemreserved ntfs defaults,noauto,noexec,ro,nouser 0 0 #UUID=58F9-C17E /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 blkid and fdisk -l root@XXX:/home/YYY# fdisk -l ... Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 4096 27262975 13629440 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda2 27262992 27467791 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 27467792 232267775 102399992 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 232267793 976771071 372251639+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 232267795 918867967 343300086+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 * 918870016 968044543 24587264 83 Linux /dev/sda7 968046592 976771071 4362240 82 Linux swap / Solaris root@XXX:/home/YYY# blkid /dev/sda1: LABEL="PQSERVICE" UUID="01CBEA95730D28A0" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: LABEL="SYSTEM RESERVED" UUID="01CBEA95760F9330" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="Acer" UUID="01CBEA9D4476C2F0" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="98E8B14DE8B12A80" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="1384cee0-6a71-4b83-b0d3-1338db925168" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="e3729117-b936-4c1d-9883-aee73dab6729" TYPE="swap"

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• What happens to remounted data/directories

  - by cauon

  According to suggestions in this post I am trying to improve my system to run better with a Solid State Drive. But regarding to RAMdisks and /etc/fstab usage I have some understanding problems coming up. So let's say I add the following lines to /etc/fstab tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=0755 0 0 I know that on startup these locations should now get mounted into the RAM (hopefully). But what happens to the physical space that was mounted on those places before? Is it gone? Will it be back when I edit my /etc/fstab back to the Version without tmpfs? Will the space still be allocated on my SSD in a way that I can't use it for any other data? Sometimes it is suggested to add the following line, too: none /var/cache aufs dirs=/tmp:/var/cache=ro 0 0 What does this actually do? I noticed that /var/cache takes almost 1GB of space on my harddisk. So should i clear the directory before activating this line? (this is related to the former question) This causes me some confusions and I hope you can give me some clarifications. UPDATE I've downloaded a image with 600MB in size into /tmp that is mounted with the tmpfs settings above. Now I wanted to compare the RAM usage before and after the download. I expect the RAM usage to be increased by 600MB after the download. But the System Monitoring Tool showed me no changes at all. How can this be? Does tmpfs work other than I actually expect it to?

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