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  • How do i disable intel graphics in a hybrid graphics setup?

    - by Eshwar
    Hi, I have a Dell Vostro 3700 version A10. The relevant bits from lspci -v | grep VGA are: 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 18) and 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation GT216 [GeForce GT 330M] (rev a2) so as you can see this is one of those hybrid graphics laptops. Now, I have no interest in any kind of switching. I would like to completely disable the Intel Graphics thats on the processor. I checked in the xorg.log file and it shows that the intel card is in use. from lsmod i see it uses the i915 module. I tried blacklisting that module in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf but that didn't really work because i still couldn't use the nvidia card for display. I wish there was a BIOS option to disable, but there isn't. Some people have also suggested changing the SATA mode to compatibility, but that does not work either in this case as the intel vga controller still shows up in lspci I tried setting the busid manually in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file but it still didn't work. It gave me an error that said something along the lines of screen not detected. any bits of xorg.log that you'd like me to attach? So what I am looking for is some solution that allows me to completely disable the use of the intel vga controller. if it was blocked somehow it'd be nice. as if it were not present. Any suggestions? I am desperate here actually. Because I cannot use the HDMI port right now on my laptop for that reason. My guess is this applies to desktops that also have Core i5 processors with onchip graphics as well as dedicated graphics cards. How would they go about solving the problem?

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  • Removal of libsound2 file causes graphics loss

    - by Sajid Ahmad
    I was trying to install skype on ubuntu 12.10 desktop. but it was giving some error related to libsound2:i386 file. to overcome this problem i removed file libsound2 thinking that will install it later. but it removes all the graphics from my system. after removal of the file system started to give error that system is running in low graphics mode. I tried to install libsound2 file again but couldn't. After it i have upgraded the release of my ubuntu version using command do-release-upgrade think that it will install the missing file. But still there are no graphics on the system. I am using Dell Inspiron 15 . Please help me to tell that how can i get the graphics of system back.

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  • Looking for literature about graphics pipeline optimization

    - by zacharmarz
    I am looking for some books, articles or tutorials about graphics architecture and graphics pipeline optimizations. It shouldn't be too old (2008 or newer) - the newer, the better. I have found something in [Optimising the Graphics Pipeline, NVIDIA, Koji Ashida] - too old, [Real-time rendering, Akenine Moller], [OpenGL Bindless Extensions, NVIDIA, Jeff Bolz], [Efficient multifragment effects on graphics processing units, Louis Frederic Bavoil] and some internet discussions. But there is not too much information and I want to read more. It should contain something about application, driver, memory and shader units communication and data transfers. About vertices and attributes. Also pre and post T&L cache (if they still exist in nowadays architectures) etc. I don't need anything about textures, frame buffers and rasterization. It can also be about OpenGL (not about DirecX) and optimizing extensions (not old extensions like VBOs, but newer like vertex_buffer_unified_memory).

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  • Macbook Pro 8,2 Graphics switching - Ubuntu 12.04

    - by fgs
    I've been reading docs and various pages for a few hours now and can't seem to put all of the pieces together on this. Basically I am trying to get 12.04 installed on my MBP 8,2 with graphics card switching working in some way or another. My basic understanding is that I need to do an EFI boot install of ubuntu so that graphics card switching will work (due to the hardware design). From there I may be able to use one of the kernel modules for graphics switching: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics That article isn't clear on whether I need to do an EFI install. I have also seen comments in posts here that say and EFI install works by default as long as you have refit installed. Overall, I'm quite lost as to the simplest way to proceed to get an install up and running with graphics switching. I don't mind using open source GFX drivers as long as the basics work. Any help towards a solution is greatly appreciated.

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  • Correct nvidia+intel graphics setup in 14.04

    - by Espressofa
    Just upgraded to 14.04 to try to fix some other issues. Now, something has gone wrong with my graphics. I have a Thinkpad T530 with Intel and Nvidia graphics cards. $ inxi -SGx System: Host: xyz Kernel: 3.13.0-24-generic x86_64 (64 bit, gcc: 4.8.2) Desktop: N/A Distro: Ubuntu 14.04 trusty Graphics: Card-1: Intel 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller bus-ID: 00:02.0 Card-2: NVIDIA GF108M [NVS 5400M] bus-ID: 01:00.0 X.Org: 1.15.1 drivers: fbdev,vesa,intel,nouveau (unloaded: nvidia) Resolution: [email protected] GLX Renderer: N/A GLX Version: N/A Direct Rendering: N/A $ glxinfo name of display: :0 Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". I'm not sure what I did but now something is wrong with my graphics, as should be visible from the above commands. nvidia-detector says "none" as well. I used to have bumblebee but then some website said to remove it and now something's clearly wrong. What's the right way to set things up? Should I try to add bumblebee back? Here's what's installed now: $ dpkg --get-selections | grep nvidia nvidia-319 install nvidia-331 install nvidia-libopencl1-331 install nvidia-opencl-icd-331 install nvidia-prime install nvidia-settings install nvidia-settings-319 install

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  • AMD graphics drivers

    - by user284659
    I have a new laptop with dedicated graphics card and I decided I will go with Ubuntu 14.04. All is just fine and I love it but the repos for graphics drivers from Canonical are just well... old .Is there any problem if I install my graphics drivers from AMD's official website and not from Software Updater? It's just that from there i get the latest and greatest.I read the realease notes and 14.04 is supported.

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  • Trying to install Proprietory Nvidia Graphics Drivers

    - by Peter Snow
    After reading and trying many different suggestions for some hours, I returned to this how-to: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/Nvidia The first problem I encounter is how to identify which of the listed drivers support my Nvidia GEForce 630M graphics card. Following the links doesn't really help, since it is not stated there either (except where support for a new driver was added later which is explicitly stated, but the original devices covered are not). However, even if I knew, if it doesn't appear in the 'Additional Drivers' dialogue (see below), how will I install it? Second Issue: The article goes on to say that available drivers for my hardware are usually listed in 'Additional Drivers'. In my case, they aren't. Unfortunately, it doesn't tell me how to correct that or work around it? I've checked the bios and there is no way offered there to disable the integrated graphics, only the Nvidia graphics. I've also tried each available option in this: $ sudo update-alternatives --config i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf My system is an Acer Aspire 4752G bought May 2012. I'm running Ubuntu 12.04LTS. uname -a : 3.2.0-38-generic-pae #61-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 19 12:39:51 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux It's 64bit hardware but I installed 32bit OS for greater software compatibility. Running $ sudo tail -fn 500 /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep '(EE)' returns" (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. [ 28.886] (EE) Failed to initialize GLX extension (Compatible NVIDIA X driver not found) The reason for wanting the proprietor y drivers is because my laptop comes with 3D accelerated graphics adaptor and so rather than confining myself to struggling with the on-board graphics, I would rather use it. I also want to experiment with using it for bitmining (which uses the GPU's for computing power).

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  • Good resources for learning about graphics hardware

    - by Ken
    I'm looking for some good learning resources for graphics hardware (and associated low level software). Basically I want to learn more about what goes on underneath the opengl/direcx API layers in terms of how things are implemented. I familiar with what happens in principle during the various stages of the rendering pipeline (viewing, projection, clipping, rasterization etc). My goal is to be able to make better and more informed decisions about tradeoffs and potential optimisations when graphics/shader programming with respect to the following kinds of issues; batching view culling occlusions draw order avoiding state changes triangles vs pointsprites texture sampling etc Basically whatever the graphics programmer needs to know about modern graphics hardware in order to become more effective. I'm not really looking for specific optimisation techniques, rather I need more general knowledge so that I will naturally write more efficient code.

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  • Graphics corrupt after upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04

    - by RiaanZA
    I'm stuck at the moment with an ubuntu that boots into an unusable white screen after upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04. I've tried booting into safe X mode but it just throws me back to the safe menu every time. Restore previous graphics driver, use default graphics configuration and set up new graphics configuration all don't work either. I've tried various methods of resetting the graphics from the command line, but none are working due to unmet dependencies. These cannot be fixed by doing the normal "apt-get -f install" because its saying there is a dpkg error in var/lib/dpkg/status (blank line relating to skype-wrapper). I haven't been able to find any other way to fix the dependencies yet. Can someone please give me some advice on what to do, I really don't want to go the re install route.

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  • Is my graphics card in use or not?

    - by Lindhe94
    I have a Samsung Series 7 NP730U3E which is running Ubuntu Gnome 13.10. This computer have an Intel Core i5 3337U an AMD Radeon HD 8570M on the inside. Ubuntu 13.10 is said to have driver support for this graphics card, but I am not sure whether or not this is the case. When I check System Settings Details it says "Graphics: Intel® Ivybridge Mobile" and lspci | grep VGA returns VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09). But lshw -c video returns *-display description: Display controller product: Mars [Radeon HD 8730M] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=radeon latency=0 resources: irq:47 memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f7e00000-f7e3ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:f7e40000-f7e5ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:f7800000-f7bfffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) What is the case? Is my graphics card is use, or do my laptop have undiscovered powers yet to yield?

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  • Design for a plugin based application

    - by Varun Naik
    I am working on application, details of which I cannot discuss here. We have core framework and the rest is designed as plug in. In the core framework we have a domain object. This domain object is updated by the plugins. I have defined an interface in which I have function as DomainObject doProcessing(DomainObject object) My intention here is I pass the domain object, the plug in will update it and return it. This updated object is then passed again to different plugin to be updated. I am not sure if this is a good approach. I don't like passing the DomainObject to plugin. Is there a better way I can achieve this? Should I just request data from plugin and update the domain object myself?

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  • Class Design and Structure Online Web Store

    - by Phorce
    I hope I have asked this in the right forum. Basically, we're designing an Online Store and I am designing the class structure for ordering a product and want some clarification on what I have so far: So a customer comes, selects their product, chooses the quantity and selects 'Purchase' (I am using the Facade Pattern - So subsystems execute when this action is performed). My class structure: < Order > < Product > <Customer > There is no inheritance, more Association < Order has < Product , < Customer has < Order . Does this structure look ok? I've noticed that I don't handle the "Quantity" separately, I was just going to add this into the "Product" class, but, do you think it should be a class of it's own? Hope someone can help.

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  • Caching factory design

    - by max
    I have a factory class XFactory that creates objects of class X. Instances of X are very large, so the main purpose of the factory is to cache them, as transparently to the client code as possible. Objects of class X are immutable, so the following code seems reasonable: # module xfactory.py import x class XFactory: _registry = {} def get_x(self, arg1, arg2, use_cache = True): if use_cache: hash_id = hash((arg1, arg2)) if hash_id in _registry: return _registry[hash_id] obj = x.X(arg1, arg2) _registry[hash_id] = obj return obj # module x.py class X: # ... Is it a good pattern? (I know it's not the actual Factory Pattern.) Is there anything I should change? Now, I find that sometimes I want to cache X objects to disk. I'll use pickle for that purpose, and store as values in the _registry the filenames of the pickled objects instead of references to the objects. Of course, _registry itself would have to be stored persistently (perhaps in a pickle file of its own, in a text file, in a database, or simply by giving pickle files the filenames that contain hash_id). Except now the validity of the cached object depends not only on the parameters passed to get_x(), but also on the version of the code that created these objects. Strictly speaking, even a memory-cached object could become invalid if someone modifies x.py or any of its dependencies, and reloads it while the program is running. So far I ignored this danger since it seems unlikely for my application. But I certainly cannot ignore it when my objects are cached to persistent storage. What can I do? I suppose I could make the hash_id more robust by calculating hash of a tuple that contains arguments arg1 and arg2, as well as the filename and last modified date for x.py and every module and data file that it (recursively) depends on. To help delete cache files that won't ever be useful again, I'd add to the _registry the unhashed representation of the modified dates for each record. But even this solution isn't 100% safe since theoretically someone might load a module dynamically, and I wouldn't know about it from statically analyzing the source code. If I go all out and assume every file in the project is a dependency, the mechanism will still break if some module grabs data from an external website, etc.). In addition, the frequency of changes in x.py and its dependencies is quite high, leading to heavy cache invalidation. Thus, I figured I might as well give up some safety, and only invalidate the cache only when there is an obvious mismatch. This means that class X would have a class-level cache validation identifier that should be changed whenever the developer believes a change happened that should invalidate the cache. (With multiple developers, a separate invalidation identifier is required for each.) This identifier is hashed along with arg1 and arg2 and becomes part of the hash keys stored in _registry. Since developers may forget to update the validation identifier or not realize that they invalidated existing cache, it would seem better to add another validation mechanism: class X can have a method that returns all the known "traits" of X. For instance, if X is a table, I might add the names of all the columns. The hash calculation will include the traits as well. I can write this code, but I am afraid that I'm missing something important; and I'm also wondering if perhaps there's a framework or package that can do all of this stuff already. Ideally, I'd like to combine in-memory and disk-based caching.

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  • design a model for a system of dependent variables

    - by dbaseman
    I'm dealing with a modeling system (financial) that has dozens of variables. Some of the variables are independent, and function as inputs to the system; most of them are calculated from other variables (independent and calculated) in the system. What I'm looking for is a clean, elegant way to: define the function of each dependent variable in the system trigger a re-calculation, whenever a variable changes, of the variables that depend on it A naive way to do this would be to write a single class that implements INotifyPropertyChanged, and uses a massive case statement that lists out all the variable names x1, x2, ... xn on which others depend, and, whenever a variable xi changes, triggers a recalculation of each of that variable's dependencies. I feel that this naive approach is flawed, and that there must be a cleaner way. I started down the path of defining a CalculationManager<TModel> class, which would be used (in a simple example) something like as follows: public class Model : INotifyPropertyChanged { private CalculationManager<Model> _calculationManager = new CalculationManager<Model>(); // each setter triggers a "PropertyChanged" event public double? Height { get; set; } public double? Weight { get; set; } public double? BMI { get; set; } public Model() { _calculationManager.DefineDependency<double?>( forProperty: model => model.BMI, usingCalculation: (height, weight) => weight / Math.Pow(height, 2), withInputs: model => model.Height, model.Weight); } // INotifyPropertyChanged implementation here } I won't reproduce CalculationManager<TModel> here, but the basic idea is that it sets up a dependency map, listens for PropertyChanged events, and updates dependent properties as needed. I still feel that I'm missing something major here, and that this isn't the right approach: the (mis)use of INotifyPropertyChanged seems to me like a code smell the withInputs parameter is defined as params Expression<Func<TModel, T>>[] args, which means that the argument list of usingCalculation is not checked at compile time the argument list (weight, height) is redundantly defined in both usingCalculation and withInputs I am sure that this kind of system of dependent variables must be common in computational mathematics, physics, finance, and other fields. Does someone know of an established set of ideas that deal with what I'm grasping at here? Would this be a suitable application for a functional language like F#? Edit More context: The model currently exists in an Excel spreadsheet, and is being migrated to a C# application. It is run on-demand, and the variables can be modified by the user from the application's UI. Its purpose is to retrieve variables that the business is interested in, given current inputs from the markets, and model parameters set by the business.

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  • Design for object with optional and modifiable attributtes?

    - by Ikuzen
    I've been using the Builder pattern to create objects with a large number of attributes, where most of them are optional. But up until now, I've defined them as final, as recommended by Joshua Block and other authors, and haven't needed to change their values. I am wondering what should I do though if I need a class with a substantial number of optional but non-final (mutable) attributes? My Builder pattern code looks like this: public class Example { //All possible parameters (optional or not) private final int param1; private final int param2; //Builder class public static class Builder { private final int param1; //Required parameters private int param2 = 0; //Optional parameters - initialized to default //Builder constructor public Builder (int param1) { this.param1 = param1; } //Setter-like methods for optional parameters public Builder param2(int value) { param2 = value; return this; } //build() method public Example build() { return new Example(this); } } //Private constructor private Example(Builder builder) { param1 = builder.param1; param2 = builder.param2; } } Can I just remove the final keyword from the declaration to be able to access the attributes externally (through normal setters, for example)? Or is there a creational pattern that allows optional but non-final attributes that would be better suited in this case?

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  • Learning how to design knowledge and data flow [closed]

    - by max
    In designing software, I spend a lot of time deciding how the knowledge (algorithms / business logic) and data should be allocated between different entities; that is, which object should know what. I am asking for advice about books, articles, presentations, classes, or other resources that would help me learn how to do it better. I code primarily in Python, but my question is not really language-specific; even if some of the insights I learn don't work in Python, that's fine. I'll give a couple examples to clarify what I mean. Example 1 I want to perform some computation. As a user, I will need to provide parameters to do the computation. I can have all those parameters sent to the "main" object, which then uses them to create other objects as needed. Or I can create one "main" object, as well as several additional objects; the additional objects would then be sent to the "main" object as parameters. What factors should I consider to make this choice? Example 2 Let's say I have a few objects of type A that can perform a certain computation. The main computation often involves using an object of type B that performs some interim computation. I can either "teach" A instances what exact parameters to pass to B instances (i.e., make B "dumb"); or I can "teach" B instances to figure out what needs to be done when looking at an A instance (i.e., make B "smart"). What should I think about when I'm making this choice?

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  • High-Level Application Architecture Question

    - by Jesse Bunch
    So I'm really wanting to improve how I architect the software I code. I want to focus on maintainability and clean code. As you might guess, I've been reading a lot of resources on this topic and all it's doing is making it harder for me to settle on an architecture because I can never tell if my design is the one that the more experienced programmer would've chosen. So I have these requirements: I should connect to one vendor and download form submissions from their API. We'll call them the CompanyA. I should then map those submissions to a schema fit for submitting to another vendor for integration with the email service provider. We'll call them the CompanyB. I should then submit those responses to the ESP (CompanyB) and then instruct the ESP to send that submitter an email. So basically, I'm copying data from one web service to another and then performing an action at the latter web service. I've identified a couple high-level services: The service that downloads data from CompanyA. I called this the CompanyAIntegrator. The service that submits the data to CompanyB. I called this CompanyBIntegrator. So my questions are these: Is this a good design? I've tried to separate the concerns and am planning to use the facade pattern to make the integrators interchangeable if the vendors change in the future. Are my naming conventions accurate and meaningful to you (who knows nothing specific of the project)? Now that I have these services, where should I do the work of taking output from the CompanyAIntegrator and getting it in the format for input to the CompanyBIntegrator? Is this OK to be done in main()? Do you have any general pointers on how you'd code something like this? I imagine this scenario is common to us engineers---especially those working in agencies. Thanks for any help you can give. Learning how to architect well is really mind-cluttering.

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  • How bad is it to have two methods with the same name but different signatures in two classes?

    - by Super User
    I have a design problem related to a public interface, the names of methods, and the understanding of my API and code. I have two classes like this: class A: ... function collision(self): .... ... class B: .... function _collision(self, another_object, l, r, t, b): .... The first class has one public method named collision, and the second has one private method called _collision. The two methods differs in argument type and number. As an example let's say that _collision checks if the object is colliding with another object with certain conditions l, r, t, b (collide on the left side, right side, etc) and returns true or false. The public collision method, on the other hand, resolves all the collisions of the object with other objects. The two methods have the same name because I think it's better to avoid overloading the design with different names for methods that do almost the same thing, but in distinct contexts and classes. Is this clear enough to the reader or I should change the method's name?

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  • How bad it's have two methods with the same name but differents signatures in two classes?

    - by Super User
    I have a design problem relationated with the public interface, the names of methods and the understanding of my API and my code. I have two classes like this: class A: ... function collision(self): .... ... class B: .... function _collision(self, another_object, l, r, t, b): .... The first class have one public method named collision and the second have one private method called _collision. The two methods differs in arguments type and number. In the API _m method is private. For the example let's say that the _collision method checks if the object is colliding with another_ object with certain conditions l, r, t, b (for example, collide the left side, the right side, etc) and returns true or false according to the case. The collision method, on the other hand, resolves all the collisions of the object with other objects. The two methods have the same name because I think is better avoid overload the design with different names for methods who do almost the same think, but in distinct contexts and classes. This is clear enough to the reader or I should change the method's name?

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  • Sharing data between graphics and physics engine in the game?

    - by PolGraphic
    I'm writing the game engine that consists of few modules. Two of them are the graphics engine and the physics engine. I wonder if it's a good solution to share data between them? Two ways (sharing or not) looks like that: Without sharing data GraphicsModel{ //some common for graphics and physics data like position //some only graphic data //like textures and detailed model's verticles that physics doesn't need }; PhysicsModel{ //some common for graphics and physics data like position //some only physics data //usually my physics data contains A LOT more informations than graphics data } engine3D->createModel3D(...); physicsEngine->createModel3D(...); //connect graphics and physics data //e.g. update graphics model's position when physics model's position will change I see two main problems: A lot of redundant data (like two positions for both physics and graphics data) Problem with updating data (I have to manually update graphics data when physics data changes) With sharing data Model{ //some common for graphics and physics data like position }; GraphicModel : public Model{ //some only graphics data //like textures and detailed model's verticles that physics doesn't need }; PhysicsModel : public Model{ //some only physics data //usually my physics data contains A LOT more informations than graphics data } model = engine3D->createModel3D(...); physicsEngine->assingModel3D(&model); //will cast to //PhysicsModel for it's purposes?? //when physics changes anything (like position) in model //(which it treats like PhysicsModel), the position for graphics data //will change as well (because it's the same model) Problems here: physicsEngine cannot create new objects, just "assing" existing ones from engine3D (somehow it looks more anti-independent for me) Casting data in assingModel3D function physicsEngine and graphicsEngine must be careful - they cannot delete data when they don't need them (because second one may need it). But it's rare situation. Moreover, they can just delete the pointer, not the object. Or we can assume that graphicsEngine will delete objects, physicsEngine just pointers to them. Which way is better? Which will produce more problems in the future? I like the second solution more, but I wonder why most graphics and physics engines prefer the first one (maybe because they normally make only graphics or only physics engine and somebody else connect them in the game?). Have they any more hidden pros & contras?

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  • Templates for forms, tabs etc? - Patterntap alternatives

    - by Marco Demaio
    I used to find http://www.patterntap.com quite useful to get design inspiration for forms, tabs, and other web elements etc. Unfortunately after the ZURB acquisition of Patterntap now they enforce you to sign in with your Twitter account in order to simply view larger images of patterns provided by the crowd. So in some way it's not free anymore. Do you know of alternatives to patterntap that are free and you are not obliged to sign in?

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  • Representing complex object dependencies

    - by max
    I have several classes with a reasonably complex (but acyclic) dependency graph. All the dependencies are of the form: class X instance contains an attribute of class Y. All such attributes are set during initialization and never changed again. Each class' constructor has just a couple parameters, and each object knows the proper parameters to pass to the constructors of the objects it contains. class Outer is at the top of the dependency hierarchy, i.e., no class depends on it. Currently, the UI layer only creates an Outer instance; the parameters for Outer constructor are derived from the user input. Of course, Outer in the process of initialization, creates the objects it needs, which in turn create the objects they need, and so on. The new development is that the a user who knows the dependency graph may want to reach deep into it, and set the values of some of the arguments passed to constructors of the inner classes (essentially overriding the values used currently). How should I change the design to support this? I could keep the current approach where all the inner classes are created by the classes that need them. In this case, the information about "user overrides" would need to be passed to Outer class' constructor in some complex user_overrides structure. Perhaps user_overrides could be the full logical representation of the dependency graph, with the overrides attached to the appropriate edges. Outer class would pass user_overrides to every object it creates, and they would do the same. Each object, before initializing lower level objects, will find its location in that graph and check if the user requested an override to any of the constructor arguments. Alternatively, I could rewrite all the objects' constructors to take as parameters the full objects they require. Thus, the creation of all the inner objects would be moved outside the whole hierarchy, into a new controller layer that lies between Outer and UI layer. The controller layer would essentially traverse the dependency graph from the bottom, creating all the objects as it goes. The controller layer would have to ask the higher-level objects for parameter values for the lower-level objects whenever the relevant parameter isn't provided by the user. Neither approach looks terribly simple. Is there any other approach? Has this problem come up enough in the past to have a pattern that I can read about? I'm using Python, but I don't think it matters much at the design level.

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  • No image from graphics card but image from onboard video

    - by ReAzem
    I have an HD 5970 running on a P8Z68-v LE motherboard and I have no image comming out of the graphic card. When I plug my screen on my motherboard, I see the bios and the OS. When I plug my screen on the graphic card, I don't see anything. I know that the graphic card works because I have tested it on another computer. I know the motherboard works because I tested it with another graphic card and it worked. I know that the graphic card works with the computer because I have another computer with a P8Z68-LE and an HD 5970. I know it is not an OS issue because I should atleast be able to see the bios. I have tried unplugging my HDDs so that the OS dont interfere with anything. Using a 1000W power supply Using another HD5970 on the computer works. So this is a problem with my HD5970, but why is the graphic card working on my other computer?

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  • In database table design, how does "Virtual Goods" affect table design -- should we create an instan

    - by Jian Lin
    When we design a database table for a DVD rental company, we actually have a movie, which is an abstract idea, and a physical DVD, so for each rental, we have a many-to-many table with fields such as: TransactionID UserID DvdID RentedDate RentalDuration AmountPaid but what about with virtual goods? For example, if we let a user rent a movie online for 3 days, we don't actually have a DVD, so we may have a table: TransactionID UserID MovieID RentedDate RentalDuration AmountPaid should we create a record for each instance of "virtual good"? For example, what if this virtual good (the movie) can be authorized to be watched on 3 devices (with 3 device IDs), then should we then create a virtual good record in the VirtualGoods table, each with a VirtualGoodID and then another table that has VirtualGoodID DeviceID to match up the movie with the DeviceIDs? We can also just use the TransactionID as the VirtualGoodID. Are there circumstances where we may want to create a record to record this "virtual good" in a VirtualGoods table?

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  • What do you do if you reach a design dead-end in evolutionary methods like Agile or XP?

    - by Dipan Mehta
    As I was reading Martin Fowler's famous blog post Is Design Dead?, one of the striking impressions I got is that given the fact that in Agile Methodology and Extreme Programming, the design as well as programming is evolutionary, there are always points where things need to get refactored. It may be possible that when a programmer's level is good, and they understand design implications and don't make critical mistakes, the code continues to evolve. However, in a normal context, what is the ground reality in this context? In a normal day given some significant development goes into product, and when critical change occurs in requirement isn't it a constraint that how much ever we wish, fundamental design aspects cannot be modified? (without throwing away major part of the code). Is it not quite likely that one reaches dead-end on any further possible improvement on design and requirements? I am not advocating any non-Agile practice here, but I want to know from people who practice agile or iterative or evolutionary development methods, as for their real experiences. Have you ever reached such dead-ends? How have you managed to avoid it or escaped it? Or are there measures to ensure that design remains clean and flexible as it evolves?

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