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  • Postgresql: Implicit lock acquisition from foreign-key constraint evaluation

    - by fennec
    So, I'm being confused about foreign key constraint handling in Postgresql. (version 8.4.4, for what it's worth). We've got a couple of tables, mildly anonymized below: device: (id, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah x 50)… primary key on id whooooole bunch of other junk device_foo: (id, device_id, left, right) Foreign key (device_id) references device(id) on delete cascade; primary key on id btree index on 'left' and 'right' So I set out with two database windows to run some queries. db1> begin; lock table device in exclusive mode; db2> begin; update device_foo set left = left + 1; The db2 connection blocks. It seems odd to me that an update of the 'left' column on device_stuff should be affected by activity on the device table. But it is. In fact, if I go back to db1: db1> select * from device_stuff for update; *** deadlock occurs *** The pgsql log has the following: blah blah blah deadlock blah. CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT 1 FROM ONLY "public"."device" x WHERE "id" OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) $1 FOR SHARE OF X: update device_foo set left = left + 1; I suppose I've got two issues: the first is that I don't understand the precise mechanism by which this sort of locking occurs. I have got a couple of useful queries to query pg_locks to see what sort of locks a statement invokes, but I haven't been able to observe this particular sort of locking when I run the update device_foo command in isolation. (Perhaps I'm doing something wrong, though.) I also can't find any documentation on the lock acquisition behavior of foreign-key constraint checks. All I have is a log message. Am I to infer from this that any change to a row will acquire an update lock on all the tables which it's foreign-keyed against? The second issue is that I'd like to find some way to make it not happen like that. I'm ending up with occasional deadlocks in the actual application. I'd like to be able to run big update statements that impact all rows on device_foo without acquiring a big lock on the device table. (There's a lot of access going on in the device table, and it's kind of an expensive lock to get.)

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  • C++ Templates: implicit conversion, no matching function for call to ctor

    - by noname
    template<class T> class test { public: test() { } test(T& e) { } }; int main() { test<double> d(4.3); return 0; } Compiled using g++ 4.4.1 with the following errors: g++ test.cpp -Wall -o test.exe test.cpp: In function 'int main()': test.cpp:18: error: no matching function for call to 'test<double>::test(double) ' test.cpp:9: note: candidates are: test<T>::test(T&) [with T = double] test.cpp:5: note: test<T>::test() [with T = double] test.cpp:3: note: test<double>::test(const test<double>&) make: *** [test.exe] Error 1 However, this works: double a=1.1; test<double> d(a); Why is this happing? Is it possible that g++ cannot implicitly convert literal expression 1.1 to double? Thanks.

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  • Template class implicit copy constructor issues

    - by Nate
    Stepping through my program in gdb, line 108 returns right back to the calling function, and doesn't call the copy constructor in class A, like (I thought) it should: template <class S> class A{ //etc... A( const A & old ){ //do stuff... } //etc... }; template <class T> class B{ //etc... A<T> ReturnsAnA(){ A<T> result; // do some stuff with result return result; //line 108 } //etc... }; Any hints? I've banged my head against the wall about this for 4 hours now, and can't seem to come up with what's happening here.

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  • The implicit function __strcpy_chk() call

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi everyone: I'm now performing a stack buffer overflow attack test on my own PC( Ubuntu 9.10, gcc-4.4.1 ) based on the article http://www.tenouk.com/Bufferoverflowc/Bufferoverflow4.html. Yet I haven't achieved the goal. Each time a segfault is thrown accompanied with some error informaiton. I compile the source code, and wanna get further information using objdump. Function __strcpy_chk is invoked in the assembly code dumped out, and it's said that "The __strcpy_chk() function is not in the source standard; it is only in the binary standard." Does this the mechanism a compiler employed to protect runtime stack? To finish my test, how can I bypass the protection? Regards.

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  • C++ Implicit Conversion Operators

    - by Imbue
    I'm trying to find a nice inheritance solution in C++. I have a Rectangle class and a Square class. The Square class can't publicly inherit from Rectangle, because it cannot completely fulfill the rectangle's requirements. For example, a Rectangle can have it's width and height each set separately, and this of course is impossible with a Square. So, my dilemma. Square obviously will share a lot of code with Rectangle; they are quite similar. For examlpe, if I have a function like: bool IsPointInRectangle(const Rectangle& rect); it should work for a square too. In fact, I have a ton of such functions. So in making my Square class, I figured I would use private inheritance with a publicly accessible Rectangle conversion operator. So my square class looks like: class Square : private Rectangle { public: operator const Rectangle&() const; }; However, when I try to pass a Square to the IsPointInRectangle function, my compiler just complains that "Rectangle is an inaccessible base" in that context. I expect it to notice the Rectangle operator and use that instead. Is what I'm trying to do even possible? If this can't work I'm probably going to refactor part of Rectangle into MutableRectangle class. Thanks.

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  • JSP Problem ussing implicit object (session) in a function

    - by user234666
    Can the object of type HttpSession called session be accessed from a function? In a simple jsp page I have a function(see below) defined in the header of the page, and set to an onclick handle of for a button. When I press this button, I'll never see the second alert message. If I do something in the body of the page (like Session ID: <%= session.getId() % ) I have no trouble accessing it. What newbie mistake am I making? function doTest() { alert('Preforming test 122333232'); String sessionId = session.getId(); alert('After access'); if(sessionId == null) { alert('session id is null?'); } Thanks

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  • Explicit or implicit execution control statement use

    - by Andrei Rinea
    I sometimes use if (this._currentToolForeColor.HasValue) return this._currentToolForeColor.Value; else throw new InvalidOperationException(); other times I use if (this._currentToolForeColor.HasValue) return this._currentToolForeColor.Value; throw new InvalidOperationException(); The two are equivalent, I know, but I am not sure which is the best and why. This goes even further as you can use other execution-control statements such as brake or continue : while(something) { if(condition) { DoThis(); continue; } else break; } versus while(something) { if(condition) { DoThis(); continue; } break; } EDIT 1 : Yes the loop example(s) suck because they are synthetic (i.e.: made up for this question) unlike the first which is practical.

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  • Ruby: rules for implicit hashes

    - by flyer
    Why second output shows me only one element of Array? Is it still Array or Hash already? def printArray(arr) arr.each { | j | k, v = j.first printf("%s %s %s \n", k, v, j) } end print "Array 1\n" printArray( [ {kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }}, {kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }}, {kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }}, ]) print "Array 2\n" printArray( [ kk: { 'k1' => 'v1' }, kk: { 'k2' => 'v2' }, kk: { 'k3' => 'v3' }, ]) exit # Output: # # Array 1 # kk {"k1"=>"v1"} {:kk=>{"k1"=>"v1"}} # kk {"k2"=>"v2"} {:kk=>{"k2"=>"v2"}} # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}} # Array 2 # kk {"k3"=>"v3"} {:kk=>{"k3"=>"v3"}}

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  • implicit declaration of function 'objc_lookUpClass'

    - by idober
    I am getting this warning for the line code: Class myClass = objc_lookUpClass([_className UTF8String]); I am adding #import <Foundation/NSObjCRuntime.h> #import <objc/objc.h> And it still don't resolve the problem Another warning i get on this line is: "Initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast"

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  • Inheritance and Implicit Type Casting

    - by Josué Molina
    Suppose I have the following three classes: class Animal {}; class Human : public Animal {}; class Dog : public Animal { public: void setOwner(Animal* owner) { this->owner = owner; } private: Animal* owner; }; Why is the following allowed, and what exactly is happening? Dog d; Human h; d.setOwner(&h); // ? At first, I tried to cast it like this d.setOwner(&(Animal)h), but the compiler gave me a warning, and I hit a run-time error. Edit: the warning the compiler gave me was "taking address of temporary". Why is this so?

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  • scala implicit or explicit conversion from iterator to iterable

    - by landon9720
    Does Scala provide a built-in class, utility, syntax, or other mechanism for converting (by wrapping) an Iterator with an Iterable? For example, I have an Iterator[Foo] and I need an Iterable[Foo], so currently I am: val foo1: Iterator[Foo] = .... val foo2: Iterable[Foo] = new Iterable[Foo] { def elements = foo1 } This seems ugly and unnecessary. What's a better way?

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  • Implicit type conversion in DB/2 inserts?

    - by IronGoofy
    We're using SQL Inserts to insert some data via a script into DB/2 tables, e.g. CREATE TABLE TICKETS (TICKETID VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL); On my home installation, this statement works fine (note that I'm using an integer which is autoatically cast into a VarChar): INSERT INTO TICKETS (TICKETID) VALUES (1); while at my customer's site I get a type error. My question(s): Is this behavior version dependent? (I use a DB2 Express V9.7, while the customer has an Enterprise V9.5) Is there a config option to change the behavior? (I would like my home install to behave as close as possible as the production environment is going to be.)

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  • Explanation of casting/conversion int/double in C#

    - by cad
    I coded some calculation stuff (I copied below a really simplifed example of what I did) like CASE2 and got bad results. Refactored the code like CASE1 and worked fine. I know there is an implicit cast in CASE 2, but not sure of the full reason. Any one could explain me what´s exactly happening below? //CASE 1, result 5.5 double auxMedia = (5 + 6); auxMedia = auxMedia / 2; //CASE 2, result 5.0 double auxMedia1 = (5 + 6) / 2; //CASE 3, result 5.5 double auxMedia3 = (5.0 + 6.0) / 2.0; //CASE 4, result 5.5 double auxMedia4 = (5 + 6) / 2.0; My guess is that /2 in CASE2 is casting (5 + 6) to int and causing round of division to 5, then casted again to double and converted to 5.0. CASE3 and CASE 4 also fixes the problem.

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  • Resharper and var

    - by Refracted Paladin
    I have Resharper 4.5 and have found it invaluable so far but I have a concern; It seems to want to make every variable declaration implicit(var). As a relativly new developer how much should I trust ReSharper when it comes to this? Take the below code snippet from a method that Paints Tab Headers. TabPage currentTab = tabCaseNotes.TabPages[e.Index]; Rectangle itemRect = tabCaseNotes.GetTabRect(e.Index); SolidBrush fillBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Linen); SolidBrush textBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); StringFormat sf = new StringFormat { Alignment = StringAlignment.Center, LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center }; Resharper wants me to change all 5 of those to var. I have read the following similar post,Use of var keyword in C#, but I would like to know from a Resharper standpoint. Thanks!

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  • Why does this explicit call of a Scala method allow it to be implicitly resolved?

    - by Matt R
    Why does this code fail to compile, but compiles successfully when I uncomment the indicated line? (I'm using Scala 2.8 nightly). It seems that explicitly calling string2Wrapper allows it to be used implicitly from that point on. class A { import Implicits.string2Wrapper def foo() { //string2Wrapper("A") ==> "B" // <-- uncomment } def bar() { "A" ==> "B" "B" ==> "C" "C" ==> "D" } object Implicits { implicit def string2Wrapper(s: String) = new Wrapper(s) class Wrapper(s: String) { def ==>(s2: String) {} } } }

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  • class classname(value); & class classname=value; difference when constructor is explicit

    - by Mahesh
    When constructor is explicit, it isn't used for implicit conversions. In the given snippet, constructor is marked as explicit. Then why in case foo obj1(10.25); it is working and in foo obj2=10.25; it isn't working ? #include <iostream> class foo { int x; public: explicit foo( int x ):x(x) {} }; int main() { foo obj(10.25); // Not an error. Why ? foo obj2 = 10.25; // Error getchar(); return 0; } error: error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'double' to 'foo'

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  • Auto-(un)boxing fail for compound assignment

    - by polygenelubricants
    Thanks to the implicit casting in compound assignments and increment/decrement operators, the following compiles: byte b = 0; ++b; b++; --b; b--; b += b -= b *= b /= b %= b; b <<= b >>= b >>>= b; b |= b &= b ^= b; And thanks to auto-boxing and auto-unboxing, the following also compiles: Integer ii = 0; ++ii; ii++; --ii; ii--; ii += ii -= ii *= ii /= ii %= ii; ii <<= ii >>= ii >>>= ii; ii |= ii &= ii ^= ii; And yet, the last line in the following snippet gives compile-time error: Byte bb = 0; ++bb; bb++; --bb; bb--; // ... okay so far! bb += bb; // DOESN'T COMPILE!!! // "The operator += is undefined for the argument type(s) Byte, byte" Can anyone help me figure out what's going on here? The byte b version compiles just fine, so shouldn't Byte bb just follow suit and do the appropriate boxing and unboxing as necessary to accommodate?

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  • How do you make a Factory that can return derived types?

    - by Seth Spearman
    I have created a factory class called AlarmFactory as such... 1 class AlarmFactory 2 { 3 public static Alarm GetAlarm(AlarmTypes alarmType) //factory ensures that correct alarm is returned and right func pointer for trigger creator. 4 { 5 switch (alarmType) 6 { 7 case AlarmTypes.Heartbeat: 8 HeartbeatAlarm alarm = HeartbeatAlarm.GetAlarm(); 9 alarm.CreateTriggerFunction = QuartzAlarmScheduler.CreateMinutelyTrigger; 10 return alarm; 11 12 break; 13 default: 14 15 break; 16 } 17 } 18 } Heartbeat alarm is derived from Alarm. I am getting a compile error "cannot implicitly convert type...An explicit conversion exists (are you missing a cast?)". How do I set this up to return a derived type? Seth

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  • Python mistaking float for string

    - by wrongusername
    I receive TypeError: Can't convert 'float' object to str implicitly while using Gambler.pot += round(self.bet + self.money * 0.1) where pot, bet, and money are all doubles (or at least are supposed to be). I'm not sure if this is yet another Eclipse thing, but how do I get the line to compile? Code where bet and money are initialized: money = 0 bet = 0

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  • How `is_base_of` works?

    - by Alexey Malistov
    Why the following code works? typedef char (&yes)[1]; typedef char (&no)[2]; template <typename B, typename D> struct Host { operator B*() const; operator D*(); }; template <typename B, typename D> struct is_base_of { template <typename T> static yes check(D*, T); static no check(B*, int); static const bool value = sizeof(check(Host<B,D>(), int())) == sizeof(yes); }; //Test sample class Base {}; class Derived : private Base {}; //Exspression is true. int test[is_base_of<Base,Derived>::value && !is_base_of<Derived,Base>::value]; Note that B is private base. Note that operator B*() is const. How does this work? Why this works? Why static yes check(D*, T); is better than static yes check(B*, int); ?

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  • Double pointer const-correctness warnings in C

    - by Michael Koval
    You can obviously cast a pointer to non-const data to a a pointer of the same type to const data: int *x = NULL; int const *y = x; Adding additional const qualifiers to match the additional indirection should logically work the same way: int * *x = NULL; int *const *y = x; /* okay */ int const *const *z = y; /* warning */ Compiling this with GCC or Clang with the -Wall flag, however, results in the following warning: test.c:4:23: warning: initializing 'int const *const *' with an expression of type 'int *const *' discards qualifiers in nested pointer types int const *const *z = y; /* warning */ ^ ~ Why does adding an additional const qualifier "discard qualifiers in nested pointer types"?

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  • var in C# - Why can't it be used as a member variable?

    - by David Neale
    Why is it not possible to have implicitly-typed variables at a class level within C# for when these variables are immediately assigned? ie: public class TheClass { private var aList = new List<string>(); } Is it just something that hasn't been implemented or is there a conceptual/technical reason for why it hasn't been done?

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