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  • Best practice for system clock sync on KVM host

    - by Tauren
    I have an Ubuntu 9.10 server running as a KVM host with ntpd installed on it. The host system has the correct system time. At the moment I only have a single KVM guest, also Ubuntu 9.10 server. I do not have ntpd installed on it, and I just discovered the clock is about 6 minutes slow. It wasn't that way when it was installed about a month ago. I thought that I only needed to keep the host clock synchronized and that the guests used the host clock. But maybe that is a memory from using OpenVZ. I believe the reasoning was related to only the host could modify the physical system clock. Is running ntpd on both the host and all the guests the correct thing to do? Or is there something else that is preferred? How should I keep the guest clocks in sync?

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  • KVM Guest not reachable from host

    - by Paul
    Hello, I'm running Ubuntu server 9.10, installed KVM etc. Created the bridge network following instructions on help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Networking Created a windows 2008 guest using virt-install command line (using virt-manager GUI from a remote Ubuntu desktop would not let me select the ISO location). I can however use a remote virt-manager to connect to the guest and complete the windows install. Within windows 2008 I changed the IP address but cannot ping from outside world. The bridge network appears fine - I'm not sure what else to look at! Here is the interfaces file: The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual # auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 60.234.64.50 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 60.234.0.0 broadcast 60.234.0.255 gateway 60.234.64.49 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.12.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.12.255 The ip of the windows server is 60.234.64.52 What else should I check? Regards Paul.

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  • Using a KVM with a Sun Ultra 45

    - by Kit Peters
    I have a friend with two machines: a Mac and a Sun Ultra45. He wants to use a single monitor (connected via DVI) and USB keyboard / mouse with both machines. Try as I might, the Sun box will not bring up a console if the KVM is connected. However, if I connect a monitor, keyboard, and mouse directly to the Sun box, it will bring up a console that I can then (IIRC) connect to the KVM. Is there any way I can make the Sun box always bring up a console, regardless of whether it "sees" a monitor, keyboard, and mouse?

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  • kvm -net only passing broadcast, multicast, and guest destination traffic

    - by user52874
    Figured this out just last week, but I can't find it now. Even printed it out. Can't find that either. Frustrating...so...help! Configured a 'monitoring' nic on a kvm guest (running 'Security Onion, if it matters). I read (somewhere) that the default nic configuration for a kvm guest is to only pass broadcast traffic, multicast traffic, and traffic with the guest's mac as a destination. There is an option to override this behaviour, and pass all traffic. It's something like --mac-filtering=no, or --mac-restriction=no, or something like that. Worked beautifully. Does this look at all familiar to anyone who can clue me in to the exact option syntax? thx.

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  • Turning a running Linux system into a KVM instance on another machine

    - by Charles
    I have two physical machines that I wish to virtualize. I can not (physically) plug the hard drives from either machine into the new machine that will act as their VM host, so I think that copying the entire structure of the system over using dd is out of the question. How can I best go about migrating these machines from their hardware to the KVM environment? I've set up empty, unformatted LVM logical volumes to host their filesystems, with the understanding that giving the VMs a real partition to work with achieves higher performance than sticking an image on the filesystem. Would I be better off creating new OS installs and rsyncing the differences over? FWIW, the two machines to be VM'd are running CentOS 5, and the host machine is running Ubuntu Server 10.04 for no particularly important reason. I doubt this matters too much, as it's still going to be KVM and libvert that matter.

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  • KVM guest storage difference with NBD and NFS

    - by WojonsTech
    I am setting up my own little private cloud for my own use maybe for a project or to. I am using linux kvm on debian 6. I have 3 servers 2 of them for compute nodes and 1 storage node. I would I have already installed kvm made a few test machines got my networking setup. I have 2 nics on each server 1 nic is for web traffic other nic is for network traffic. My first Idea was to use NFS for storing the guest machines which can range in size, maybe 8gb maybe 100gb, it just depends. I was doing have heard of nbd before seems like it could work but I dont know what the performance differences are and if it will effect my enviroment, nfs looks like it will be easier to use.

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  • KVM XML config file

    - by awmusic12635
    I have a KVM server that I expanded the LV of then rebooted. However now when booting I get the error: error: Failed to create domain from /home/kvm/kvmx/kvmx.xml error: (domain_definition):1: Document is empty (null) ^ It appears the config file still exits however it is now empty. I attempted to replace the contents of the file with the correct previous information however it continues to wipe it on attempt to boot and fails again with the same error. How would I got about solving this so the file doesn't get wiped on every reboot? OS: Centos 6 64bit I would appreciate any help you may have.

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  • How to setup KVM partitioning?

    - by Richard
    I'm trying to install SolusVM/KVM on a server with one 500 GB HD and one 256 SSD. I am a complete beginner at Linux. SolusVM has a script on the site to download and install automatically, but how do I specify to install the script on the 500 GB HD and put the virtual machines on the SSD? And how should my partitioning look like? I want KVM isos and stuff on HD and virtual machines on SSD. Thanks a lot.

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  • Invoking 'Hotkey Mode' in IO Gear's GCS632U KVM Switch

    - by Tim Visher
    Awhile ago I changed the switch port key to left control on my IO Gear USB Switch and I'd like to change it back to Scroll Lock. When I did this, I have some memory of believing that I had found an error in the documentation for the switch regarding how to enter Hotkey Mode. Per the instructions in the manual(PDF), I'm supposed to be able to enter Hotkey Mode by Holding Scroll Lock for 2 seconds, adding Minus on the keypad for one second, and then release Minus first and within a second release Scroll lock. Ignoring the strangeness and fragility of this process, I'm looking for confirmation that this indeed works for anyone else. I can't remember why I thought it was wrong but I clearly remember that I did (I even had a blog post that I was going to write about but it got lost in the sands of time). As an aside, I'd be interested in seeing if there is any way to force a reset for the switch without entering Hotkey Mode as that would do exactly what I'm trying to do and I wouldn't have to mess with Hotkey Mode. Thanks in advance!

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  • Problem with switch dell 6224

    - by Matias
    Hello, we just have upgraded the firmware of a dell 6224 power connect switch and it won't reload. These are the symptons: - I power up the switch having the serial cable connected to it and the switch outputs nothing. The configuration of the serial console is fine: 9600 bds, etc... In fact, before the upgrade, I was connected to the switch through the very same cable. - Reseting the switch with its reset pinhole does not reset the switch: the power and fan lights powers off while I keep pressed the pinhole, but the switch itself does not resets. - When I connect an UTP cable to one of the switches port, the green lights don't flash, but ''mii-tool eth0'' in my laptop shows there is link!! The only thing I see in the output, different from other upgrades I've done, is this line at the end: Erasing Boot Flash.....^^^^Done. Any help or idea will be more than welcome!! Thanks!! console#show version Image Descriptions image1 : image2 : Images currently available on Flash -------------------------------------------------------------------- unit image1 image2 current-active next-active 1 <none> 3.0.0.8 image2 image2 console#boot system image2 Activating image image2 .. console#update bootcode Update bootcode and reset (Y/N)? Updating boot code ... Extracting boot code from image... Erasing Boot Flash.....^^^^Done.

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  • Router vs switch in a LAN [closed]

    - by servernewbie
    If I have a LAN and and connect it with a switch, I understand it uses a CAM table to route packets in layer 2 (by saving mac to port relations). So far all good. However, when using a router for a LAN (ONLY for a LAN, not to connect it to "the outside" WAN/internet/etc) I get a bit confused as to how it internally processes packets. I would first split this into two router scenarios: Router with buit-in switch In this scenario, I would expect that it will act exactly as a switch with a CAM table internally. This would probably benefit a bit in speed (guessing here?) compared to the next option. Router without built-in switch Here is where I get confused. If hostA wants to send a packet to hostB, it will ARP to find hostB's MAC address and send it there. Now, if we had a switch (above scenario) this would be easy. But how does it work now in a router WITHOUT a switch? If I would guess, hostA would send an Ethernet frame with hostB's MAC address to the line. The router would fetch the packet (even though the router has another MAC address, it would still fetch this packet even if it only contains hostB's MAC address). It would strip the Ethernet frame header and check the IP, and then check its own internal ARP table again for the MAC address. Now, this would seem like a waste of resources compared to a router with a built-in switch. But maybe it does not work like that at all. Does it also contain a CAM table? If that would be true, what would then the difference between these two routers really be?

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  • How can i get my KVM switch to work? (win7 & ubuntu 10.10)

    - by Will W.
    i bought a KVM switch and i'm trying to use it to have it connected to my main PC (win7) and my new machine i just installed ubuntu on. I hooked it up properly, and tried using it. It worked when switching from the win7 machine to the ubuntu one, but after the (1st and only) successful switch, ubuntu just didn't seem to recognize my mouse or keyboard. Basically when i tried it the easiest was to explain what happened was it only worked with Win7. When i switched over to ubuntu by doing a [scroll-lock] [scroll-lock], my keyboard and mouse were not recognized. However, the lights on the keyboard and mouse did work when on ubuntu, but they didn't function, and since keyboard wouldn't function, i couldn't do a [scroll-lock] [scroll-lock] to switch back to the win7 machine. So i was basically locked in to ubuntu with no mouse or keyboard, and i had to unplug the keyboard/mouse usb's and d-sub to plug the monitor d-sub back into win7 computer to type up this thread and google the issue. Seems some people have had this issue before but i couldn't find a fix... I am 80% sure it has to do with drivers... but there isn't any for KVM switches, at least not this one also i never was unable to find ubuntu drivers/firmware for my mouse and keyboard (Logitech G15 and Razer Deathadder 3500). I don't know how to fix this, perhaps someone super-savvy could write/code a script or work-around or something? I really need to get this thing working, my back is getting sore from bending over and plugging in / unplugging usb/monitor/usb/monitor/usb/usb over and over again lol... and i really would be sad if the constant plugging unplugging of the usb's or the d-sub port would over time damage the ports... i don't want that... There has to be some way to get this working.. Can anyone help? The KVM is a IOGEAR GCS632U Win7 x64 Ubuntu 10.10

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  • Use synergy with Physical KVM

    - by Mr. Man
    I am using synergy on a Linux Mint computer as the server with a Mac as the client. I also have a physical KVM switch. The problem I have is that when ever I switch the physical KVM to my Mac, synergy stops working as in the keyboard and mouse don't work with the Mac. Thanks in advance! EDIT: here are some logs: From the Mint machine: INFO: synergys.cpp,1042: Synergy server 1.3.1 on Linux 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 16 14:04:26 UTC 2009 i686 DEBUG: synergys.cpp,1051: opening configuration synergy.conf DEBUG: synergys.cpp,1062: configuration read successfully DEBUG: CXWindowsScreen.cpp,847: XOpenDisplay(:0.0) DEBUG: CXWindowsScreenSaver.cpp,339: xscreensaver window: 0x00000000 DEBUG: CXWindowsScreen.cpp,117: screen shape: 0,0 1024x768 DEBUG: CXWindowsScreen.cpp,118: window is 0x03800004 DEBUG: CScreen.cpp,38: opened display DEBUG: CXWindowsScreen.cpp,679: registered hotkey F12 (id=efc9 mask=0000) as id=1 NOTE: synergys.cpp,500: started server INFO: CServer.cpp,1141: screen ubuntu shape changed NOTE: CClientListener.cpp,127: accepted client connection DEBUG: CClientProxy1_0.cpp,404: received client marks-mac.local info shape=-1024,0 2304x800 NOTE: CServer.cpp,278: client mac has connected INFO: CServer.cpp,447: switch from ubuntu to mac at -1024,393 INFO: CScreen.cpp,116: leaving screen DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWinavDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG302)DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDE47DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cDEBUG: CXWindowsrset=utf-8 (633), text/plain (462) DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added f DEBUG: CXWindCXWDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG:SerDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: ed DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555owsClDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: 1DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: getDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added f DEBUG: CXW8_STDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fD textDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBU DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipinDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555:oardDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindCXWDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG:SerDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: ed DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: added fDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555owsClDEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp,555: 1DEBUG: CXWindowsClipboard.cpp, s From the Mac: connecting to '192.168.3.5': 192.168.3.5:24800 connected to server entering screen leaving screen entering screen leaving screen stopped client

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  • KVM network bridge with two NICs

    - by Eil
    Greetings, I'm trying to set up bridged networking with KVM and am getting nowhere. There are docs and tutorials on the subject, but they all seem to conflict or don't provide enough info. I was wondering if someone can give me a high-level overview of how to get this working. I can probably work out the details myself (configuring the interfaces, adding routes, etc), I just need help on the big picture: how everything is interconnected. I have a RHEL5 server with KVM installed and running. It has two physical NICs, eth0 and eth1 in the same VLAN. I would like to use eth1 for all traffic between the guests and the rest of the network and reserve eth0 for host management, guest migrations, etc if possible. I'm not picky about which one gets the default route, although it would be nice if we could make it eth0. All of the guests will have static IPs. I would prefer that when a new guest is added, the networking configuration only needs to be set from within the guest itself. Basically, I want this: eth0: all host traffic eth1: all guest traffic Open to any other suggestions if this isn't possible or will be kludgy/difficult. Pointers to existing documentation might not be helpful since I've already been though just about everything out there. Thanks for any help.

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  • virtualisation with kvm: export services from guest to the host

    - by ascobol
    Hello, I would like to export some services from the guest os to the host os, via kvm, and by the same way learn some things about networking. I have tried the following commands: In the host (kubuntu 10.4): $ sudo tunctl -u ascobol Set 'tap0' persistent and owned by uid 2401 $ sudo ifconfig tap0 192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 The ifconfig command returns: $ /sbin/ifconfig tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 3e:4e:e3:cc:bc:92 inet addr:192.168.2.1 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::3c4e:e3ff:fecc:bc92/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:17 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Then I run the virtual machine (ubuntu server 10.4): $ sudo kvm -hda ubuntuserver104.qcow2 -net nic -net tap,name=tap0,script=no (I'm using sudo because without it fails with the following message:) warning: could not configure /dev/net/tun: no virtual network emulation With sudo the virtual machine boots, I just get this message: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.bin" In the virtual machine: $ ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 Now if I run: $ ssh 192.168.2.2 I just get a No route to host What is wrong with this setup ? Thanks !

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  • HAProxy "503 Service Unavailable" for webserver running on a KVM virtual machine

    - by Menda
    I'm setting up a server with KVM (IP 192.168.0.100) and I have created inside of it one virtual machine using network bridging at 192.168.0.194. This virtual machine has an nginx instance running, which I can access from the server or from any computer computer in the internal network just typing in the browser http://192.168.0.194. However, I try configure HAProxy in the same server that hosts KVM and looking the status page of HAProxy it always shows the virtual machine as "DOWN". If I try from the server http://localhost, it should be the same than if I go to http://192.168.0.194. My goal is to build a reverse proxy, but I tried this little example and won't work. What am I doing bad? This is my config file in the server: # /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global maxconn 4096 user haproxy group haproxy daemon defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen ServerStatus *:8081 mode http stats enable stats auth haproxy:haproxy listen Server *:80 mode http balance roundrobin cookie JSESSIONID prefix option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /check.txt HTTP/1.0 server mv1 192.168.0.194:80 cookie A check Thanks.

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  • KVM and JBoss Java Application Server

    - by Jason
    We have a large Xen deployment running on both RHEL and CentOS and have recently started looking at KVM since this is where it looks like the future of VM's are on Linux. We can load the server and get everything running without an issue. However when we load up a new one with JBoss (4.2 Community edition, Sun JDK 6) and load a large EAR the server goes a little crazy. The %sy will jump to 80-99% and just hang for large periods of time we see a similar jump in %us on the host machine. We though at first this might be I/O as it seems to happen at start of JBoss but then would "cool down" after everything got loaded. We did some tests by extracting some large tar.gz files and using jar -xvf on the ear but could not re-create. Then we starting thinking this might be some type of memory access issues. We loaded a c-program that would generate a lot of memory activity and sure enough we saw the spikes again. Not as high mind you but we did see it jump. We then wrote a small java program to do the same thing and sure enough we saw it jump again. Any thoughts on what might be causing this? Is this just the way KVM works? As a side note we do NOT see this behavior on any other setup. Xen, VMWare and/or native iron. The system does seem a bit slower than our Xen / VMware ones.

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  • Switch statements: do you need the last break? (Javascript mainly)

    - by Jon Raasch
    When using a switch() statement, you add break; in between separate case: declarations. But what about the last one? Normally I just leave it off, but I'm wondering if this has some performance implication I'm not thinking about? I've been wondering about this for a while and don't see it asked elsewhere on Stack-O, but sorry if I missed it. I'm mainly asking this question regarding Javascript, although I'm guessing the answer will apply to all switch() statements.

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  • Bad Mumble control channel performance in KVM guest

    - by aef
    I'm running a Mumble server (Murmur) on a Debian Wheezy Beta 4 KVM guest which runs on a Debian Wheezy Beta 4 KVM hypervisor. The guest machines are attached to a bridge device on the hypervisor system through Virtio network interfaces. The Hypervisor is attached to a 100Mbit/s uplink and does IP-routing between the guest machines and the remaining Internet. In this setup we're experiencing a clearly recognizable lag between double-clicking a channel in the client and the channel joining action happening. This happens with a lot of different clients between 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 on Linux and Windows systems. Voice quality and latency seems to be completely unaffected by this. Most of the times the client's information dialog states a 16ms latency for both the voice and control channel. The deviation for the control channels mostly is a lot higher than the one of the voice channels. In some situations the control channel is displayed with a 100ms ping and about 1000 deviation. It seems the TCP performance is a problem here. We had no problems on an earlier setup which was in principle quite like the new one. We used Debian Lenny based Xen hypervisor and a soft-virtualised guest machine instead and an earlier version of the Mumble 1.2.3 series. The current murmurd --version says: 1.2.3-349-g315b5f5-2.1

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  • KVM Guest Reboot Loop

    - by javano
    I have been pulled into a situation where a KVM server (CentOS 6.2) lost power and upon reboot one of the guests hasn't started up again (XP SP3). I have SSH'ed in and someone must have changed something relating to the hyper visors prior to the power loss, but not rebooted all the guests. This particular guest wouldn't start because it was configured to use /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 which isn't there now (assuming it was before?). I changed it to use /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm as this is what all the other guests on this server seem to be using, and its booting up. Using virt-manager on my local machine I can connect to the display of the XP machine and it gets as far as this screen; http://support.gateway.com/emachines/issues/2-1131285152-01.gif The problem I face now, is that which ever option I choose the machine just reboots. So it's and endless loop. I thought that perhaps a file system error maybe present due to the unclean shutdown. There is an XP SP3 ISO mounted under the guest, which I booted from in an attempt to access the recovery tools, but I don't have the Administrator password! I am out of ideas, and it's turning out to be quite the conundrum. Should I use a 3rd party live CD to test the FS for errors? How else can I trouble shoot these restarts?

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  • KVM/Libvirt bridged/routed networking not working on newer guest kernels

    - by SharkWipf
    I have a dedicated server running Debian 6, with Libvirt (0.9.11.3) and Qemu-KVM (qemu-kvm-1.0+dfsg-11, Debian). I am having a problem getting bridged/routed networking to work in KVM guests with newer kernels (2.6.38). NATted networking works fine though. Older kernels work perfectly fine as well. The host kernel is at version 3.2.0-2-amd64, the problem was also there on an older host kernel. The contents of the host's /etc/network/interfaces (ip removed): # Loopback device: auto lo iface lo inet loopback # bridge auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 176.9.xx.xx broadcast 176.9.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 176.9.xx.xx pointopoint 176.9.xx.xx bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_maxwait 0 bridge_fd 0 up route add -host 176.9.xx.xx dev br0 # VM IP post-up mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD br0 # default route to access subnet up route add -net 176.9.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 176.9.xx.xx br0 The output of ifconfig -a on the host: br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:8a:66:13 inet addr:176.9.xx.xx Bcast:176.9.xx.xx Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::5604:a6ff:fe8a:6613/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:20216729 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19962220 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:14144528601 (13.1 GiB) TX bytes:7990702656 (7.4 GiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:8a:66:13 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:26991788 errors:0 dropped:12066 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19737261 errors:270082 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:270082 collisions:1686317 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:15459970915 (14.3 GiB) TX bytes:6661808415 (6.2 GiB) Interrupt:17 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6240133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6240133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6081956230 (5.6 GiB) TX bytes:6081956230 (5.6 GiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:79:e4:5a inet addr:192.168.100.1 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:225016 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:412958 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:16284276 (15.5 MiB) TX bytes:687827984 (655.9 MiB) virbr0-nic Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:79:e4:5a BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:93:4e:68 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe93:4e68/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:607670 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5932089 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:83574773 (79.7 MiB) TX bytes:1092482370 (1.0 GiB) vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:ed:6a:43 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:feed:6a43/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:922132 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6342375 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:251091242 (239.4 MiB) TX bytes:1629079567 (1.5 GiB) vnet2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:0d:cb:3d inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe0d:cb3d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9461 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:665189 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:4990275 (4.7 MiB) TX bytes:49229647 (46.9 MiB) vnet3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:cd:83:eb:aa inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:cdff:fe83:ebaa/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1649 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12177 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:77233 (75.4 KiB) TX bytes:2127934 (2.0 MiB) The guest's /etc/network/interfaces, in this case running Ubuntu 12.04 (ip removed): # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 176.9.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 176.9.xx.xx # Host IP pointopoint 176.9.xx.xx # Host IP dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 The output of ifconfig -a on the guest: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:cd:83:eb:aa inet addr:176.9.xx.xx Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:cdff:fe83:ebaa/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14190 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1768 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2614642 (2.6 MB) TX bytes:82700 (82.7 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:954 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:954 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:176679 (176.6 KB) TX bytes:176679 (176.6 KB) Output of ping -c4 on the guest: PING google.nl (173.194.35.151) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from muc03s01-in-f23.1e100.net (173.194.35.151): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=14.7 ms From static.174.82.xx.xx.clients.your-server.de (176.9.xx.xx): icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: static.161.82.9.176.clients.your-server.de (176.9.82.161)) 64 bytes from muc03s01-in-f23.1e100.net (173.194.35.151): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=15.1 ms From static.198.170.9.176.clients.your-server.de (176.9.170.198) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From static.198.170.9.176.clients.your-server.de (176.9.170.198) icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable --- google.nl ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 2 received, +2 errors, 50% packet loss, time 3002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.797/14.983/15.170/0.223 ms, pipe 2 The static.174.82.xx.xx.clients.your-server.de (176.9.xx.xx) is the host's IP. I have encountered this problem with every guest OS I've tried, that being Fedora, Ubuntu (server/desktop) and Debian with an upgraded kernel. I've also tried compiling the guest kernel myself, to no avail. I have no problem with recompiling a kernel, though the host cannot afford any downtime. Any ideas on this problem are very welcome. EDIT: I can ping the host from inside the guest.

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  • KVM machine does not start ssh, network is started, used to work

    - by lleto
    have been searching an pulling my hear out for the last 6 hours. I have a virtual machine that has been running fine for the last six months. I was happy ssh'ing into it and it was running a database and some small apps. Tonight ssh stopped working, so I decided to reboot the machine. I now have the following situation: virsh list --all states machine as running I can ping the machine and get a reply When I ssh to the machine I see "ssh: connect to host [myserver] port 22: Connection refused" nmap does not show port 22 as open I have tried to: - reboot the machine once more (no luck) - mount the filesystem and check /etc/ssh/sshd.conf (has not changed since working situation) - install virsh console, however this does not seem to work When I mount the fs directly using losetup the strange thing is that file dates seem to be frozen in /var/log/ around the time of the crash. If I look in /var/run/ I can see an sshd.pid, but the time is 6 hours ago (and numerous reboots). My virsh xml looks like this: <domain type='kvm' id='21'> <name>myserver</name> <uuid>09678c8d-a99b-1d18-a7af-88d027cc8f93</uuid> <memory>1048576</memory> <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/dev/disk01/myserver'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <alias name='ide0-0-0'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <alias name='ide0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:e3:13:86'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <target dev='vnet0'/> <model type='virtio'/> <alias name='net0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <source path='/dev/pts/1'/> <target port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </serial> <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/1'> <source path='/dev/pts/1'/> <target type='serial' port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='127.0.0.1'> <listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/> </graphics> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> <alias name='video0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <alias name='balloon0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'> <label>libvirt-09678c8d-a99b-1d18-a7af-88d027cc8f93</label> <imagelabel>libvirt-09678c8d-a99b-1d18-a7af-88d027cc8f93</imagelabel> </seclabel> </domain> I'm sort of lost as to where I can look to get the machine up and running again. On the same instance of kvm I have another server running which is working fine. Both are Ubuntu 12.04. All help is welcome....

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  • How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Just because your old Wi-Fi router has been replaced by a newer model doesn’t mean it needs to gather dust in the closet. Read on as we show you how to take an old and underpowered Wi-Fi router and turn it into a respectable network switch (saving your $20 in the process). Image by mmgallan. Why Do I Want To Do This? Wi-Fi technology has changed significantly in the last ten years but Ethernet-based networking has changed very little. As such, a Wi-Fi router with 2006-era guts is lagging significantly behind current Wi-Fi router technology, but the Ethernet networking component of the device is just as useful as ever; aside from potentially being only 100Mbs instead of 1000Mbs capable (which for 99% of home applications is irrelevant) Ethernet is Ethernet. What does this matter to you, the consumer? It means that even though your old router doesn’t hack it for your Wi-Fi needs any longer the device is still a perfectly serviceable (and high quality) network switch. When do you need a network switch? Any time you want to share an Ethernet cable among multiple devices, you need a switch. For example, let’s say you have a single Ethernet wall jack behind your entertainment center. Unfortunately you have four devices that you want to link to your local network via hardline including your smart HDTV, DVR, Xbox, and a little Raspberry Pi running XBMC. Instead of spending $20-30 to purchase a brand new switch of comparable build quality to your old Wi-Fi router it makes financial sense (and is environmentally friendly) to invest five minutes of your time tweaking the settings on the old router to turn it from a Wi-Fi access point and routing tool into a network switch–perfect for dropping behind your entertainment center so that your DVR, Xbox, and media center computer can all share an Ethernet connection. What Do I Need? For this tutorial you’ll need a few things, all of which you likely have readily on hand or are free for download. To follow the basic portion of the tutorial, you’ll need the following: 1 Wi-Fi router with Ethernet ports 1 Computer with Ethernet jack 1 Ethernet cable For the advanced tutorial you’ll need all of those things, plus: 1 copy of DD-WRT firmware for your Wi-Fi router We’re conducting the experiment with a Linksys WRT54GL Wi-Fi router. The WRT54 series is one of the best selling Wi-Fi router series of all time and there’s a good chance a significant number of readers have one (or more) of them stuffed in an office closet. Even if you don’t have one of the WRT54 series routers, however, the principles we’re outlining here apply to all Wi-Fi routers; as long as your router administration panel allows the necessary changes you can follow right along with us. A quick note on the difference between the basic and advanced versions of this tutorial before we proceed. Your typical Wi-Fi router has 5 Ethernet ports on the back: 1 labeled “Internet”, “WAN”, or a variation thereof and intended to be connected to your DSL/Cable modem, and 4 labeled 1-4 intended to connect Ethernet devices like computers, printers, and game consoles directly to the Wi-Fi router. When you convert a Wi-Fi router to a switch, in most situations, you’ll lose two port as the “Internet” port cannot be used as a normal switch port and one of the switch ports becomes the input port for the Ethernet cable linking the switch to the main network. This means, referencing the diagram above, you’d lose the WAN port and LAN port 1, but retain LAN ports 2, 3, and 4 for use. If you only need to switch for 2-3 devices this may be satisfactory. However, for those of you that would prefer a more traditional switch setup where there is a dedicated WAN port and the rest of the ports are accessible, you’ll need to flash a third-party router firmware like the powerful DD-WRT onto your device. Doing so opens up the router to a greater degree of modification and allows you to assign the previously reserved WAN port to the switch, thus opening up LAN ports 1-4. Even if you don’t intend to use that extra port, DD-WRT offers you so many more options that it’s worth the extra few steps. Preparing Your Router for Life as a Switch Before we jump right in to shutting down the Wi-Fi functionality and repurposing your device as a network switch, there are a few important prep steps to attend to. First, you want to reset the router (if you just flashed a new firmware to your router, skip this step). Following the reset procedures for your particular router or go with what is known as the “Peacock Method” wherein you hold down the reset button for thirty seconds, unplug the router and wait (while still holding the reset button) for thirty seconds, and then plug it in while, again, continuing to hold down the rest button. Over the life of a router there are a variety of changes made, big and small, so it’s best to wipe them all back to the factory default before repurposing the router as a switch. Second, after resetting, we need to change the IP address of the device on the local network to an address which does not directly conflict with the new router. The typical default IP address for a home router is 192.168.1.1; if you ever need to get back into the administration panel of the router-turned-switch to check on things or make changes it will be a real hassle if the IP address of the device conflicts with the new home router. The simplest way to deal with this is to assign an address close to the actual router address but outside the range of addresses that your router will assign via the DHCP client; a good pick then is 192.168.1.2. Once the router is reset (or re-flashed) and has been assigned a new IP address, it’s time to configure it as a switch. Basic Router to Switch Configuration If you don’t want to (or need to) flash new firmware onto your device to open up that extra port, this is the section of the tutorial for you: we’ll cover how to take a stock router, our previously mentioned WRT54 series Linksys, and convert it to a switch. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (consider the WAN port as good as dead from this point forward, unless you start using the router in its traditional function again or later flash a more advanced firmware to the device, the port is officially retired at this point). Open the administration control panel via  web browser on a connected computer. Before we get started two things: first,  anything we don’t explicitly instruct you to change should be left in the default factory-reset setting as you find it, and two, change the settings in the order we list them as some settings can’t be changed after certain features are disabled. To start, let’s navigate to Setup ->Basic Setup. Here you need to change the following things: Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable Save with the “Save Settings” button and then navigate to Setup -> Advanced Routing: Operating Mode: Router This particular setting is very counterintuitive. The “Operating Mode” toggle tells the device whether or not it should enable the Network Address Translation (NAT)  feature. Because we’re turning a smart piece of networking hardware into a relatively dumb one, we don’t need this feature so we switch from Gateway mode (NAT on) to Router mode (NAT off). Our next stop is Wireless -> Basic Wireless Settings: Wireless SSID Broadcast: Disable Wireless Network Mode: Disabled After disabling the wireless we’re going to, again, do something counterintuitive. Navigate to Wireless -> Wireless Security and set the following parameters: Security Mode: WPA2 Personal WPA Algorithms: TKIP+AES WPA Shared Key: [select some random string of letters, numbers, and symbols like JF#d$di!Hdgio890] Now you may be asking yourself, why on Earth are we setting a rather secure Wi-Fi configuration on a Wi-Fi router we’re not going to use as a Wi-Fi node? On the off chance that something strange happens after, say, a power outage when your router-turned-switch cycles on and off a bunch of times and the Wi-Fi functionality is activated we don’t want to be running the Wi-Fi node wide open and granting unfettered access to your network. While the chances of this are next-to-nonexistent, it takes only a few seconds to apply the security measure so there’s little reason not to. Save your changes and navigate to Security ->Firewall. Uncheck everything but Filter Multicast Firewall Protect: Disable At this point you can save your changes again, review the changes you’ve made to ensure they all stuck, and then deploy your “new” switch wherever it is needed. Advanced Router to Switch Configuration For the advanced configuration, you’ll need a copy of DD-WRT installed on your router. Although doing so is an extra few steps, it gives you a lot more control over the process and liberates an extra port on the device. Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (later you can switch the cable to the WAN port). Open the administration control panel via web browser on the connected computer. Navigate to the Setup -> Basic Setup tab to get started. In the Basic Setup tab, ensure the following settings are adjusted. The setting changes are not optional and are required to turn the Wi-Fi router into a switch. WAN Connection Type: Disabled Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2] Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0] DHCP Server: Disable In addition to disabling the DHCP server, also uncheck all the DNSMasq boxes as the bottom of the DHCP sub-menu. If you want to activate the extra port (and why wouldn’t you), in the WAN port section: Assign WAN Port to Switch [X] At this point the router has become a switch and you have access to the WAN port so the LAN ports are all free. Since we’re already in the control panel, however, we might as well flip a few optional toggles that further lock down the switch and prevent something odd from happening. The optional settings are arranged via the menu you find them in. Remember to save your settings with the save button before moving onto a new tab. While still in the Setup -> Basic Setup menu, change the following: Gateway/Local DNS : [IP address of primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.1] NTP Client : Disable The next step is to turn off the radio completely (which not only kills the Wi-Fi but actually powers the physical radio chip off). Navigate to Wireless -> Advanced Settings -> Radio Time Restrictions: Radio Scheduling: Enable Select “Always Off” There’s no need to create a potential security problem by leaving the Wi-Fi radio on, the above toggle turns it completely off. Under Services -> Services: DNSMasq : Disable ttraff Daemon : Disable Under the Security -> Firewall tab, uncheck every box except “Filter Multicast”, as seen in the screenshot above, and then disable SPI Firewall. Once you’re done here save and move on to the Administration tab. Under Administration -> Management:  Info Site Password Protection : Enable Info Site MAC Masking : Disable CRON : Disable 802.1x : Disable Routing : Disable After this final round of tweaks, save and then apply your settings. Your router has now been, strategically, dumbed down enough to plod along as a very dependable little switch. Time to stuff it behind your desk or entertainment center and streamline your cabling.     

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