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• Bash can't start a programme that's there and has all the right permissions

  - by Rory

  This is a gentoo server. There's a programme prog that can't execute. (Yes the execute permission is set) About the file $ ls prog $ ./prog bash: ./prog: No such file or directory $ file prog prog: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped $ pwd /usr/local/bin $ /usr/local/bin/prog bash: /usr/local/bin/prog: No such file or directory $ less prog | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF32 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Intel 80386 Version: 0x1 I have a fancy less, to show that it's an actual executable, here's some more data: $ xxd prog |head 0000000: 7f45 4c46 0101 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 .ELF............ 0000010: 0200 0300 0100 0000 c092 0408 3400 0000 ............4... 0000020: 0401 0a00 0000 0000 3400 2000 0700 2800 ........4. ...(. 0000030: 2600 2300 0600 0000 3400 0000 3480 0408 &.#.....4...4... 0000040: 3480 0408 e000 0000 e000 0000 0500 0000 4............... 0000050: 0400 0000 0300 0000 1401 0000 1481 0408 ................ 0000060: 1481 0408 1300 0000 1300 0000 0400 0000 ................ 0000070: 0100 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0080 0408 ................ 0000080: 0080 0408 21f1 0500 21f1 0500 0500 0000 ....!...!....... 0000090: 0010 0000 0100 0000 40f1 0500 4081 0a08 ........@...@... and $ ls -l prog -rwxrwxr-x 1 1000 devs 725706 Aug 6 2007 prog $ ldd prog not a dynamic executable $ strace ./prog 1249403877.639076 execve("./prog", ["./prog"], [/* 27 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 1249403877.640645 dup(2) = 3 1249403877.640875 fcntl(3, F_GETFL) = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE) 1249403877.641143 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0 1249403877.641484 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2b3b8954a000 1249403877.641747 lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR) = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek) 1249403877.642045 write(3, "strace: exec: No such file or dir"..., 40strace: exec: No such file or directory ) = 40 1249403877.642324 close(3) = 0 1249403877.642531 munmap(0x2b3b8954a000, 4096) = 0 1249403877.642735 exit_group(1) = ? About the server FTR the server is a xen domU, and the programme is a closed source linux application. This VM is a copy of another VM that has the same root filesystem (including this programme), that works fine. I've tried all the above as root and same problem. Did I mention the root filesystem is mounted over NFS. However it's mounted 'defaults,nosuid', which should include execute. Also I am able to run many other programmes from that mounted drive /proc/cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 4 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz stepping : 1 cpu MHz : 2992.692 cache size : 1024 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 5 wp : yes flags : fpu tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr bogmips : 5989.55 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 128 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: Example of a file that I can run I can run other programmes on that mounted filesystem on that server. For example: $ ls -l ls -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 105576 Jul 25 17:14 ls $ file ls ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped $ ./ls attr cat cut echo getfacl ln more ... (you get the idea) ... rmdir sort tty $ less ls | head ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF64 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 Version: 0x1

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• Maze not generating properly. Out of bounds exception. need quick fix

  - by Dan Joseph Porcioncula

  My maze generator seems to have a problem. I am trying to generate something like the maze from http://mazeworks.com/mazegen/mazetut/index.htm . My program displays this http://a1.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/s320x320/374060_426350204045347_100000111130260_1880768_1572427285_n.jpg and the error Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 at Grid.genRand(Grid.java:73) at Grid.main(Grid.java:35) How do I fix my generator program? import java.awt.*; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Component; import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.*; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Grid extends Canvas { Cell[][] maze; int size; int pathSize; double width, height; ArrayList<int[]> coordinates = new ArrayList<int[]>(); public Grid(int size, int h, int w) { this.size = size; maze = new Cell[size][size]; for(int i = 0; i<size; i++){ for(int a =0; a<size; a++){ maze[i][a] = new Cell(); } } setPreferredSize(new Dimension(h, w)); } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame y = new JFrame(); y.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); Grid f = new Grid(25, 400, 400); y.add(f, BorderLayout.CENTER); y.setSize(450, 450); y.setVisible(true); y.setDefaultCloseOperation(y.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.genRand(); f.repaint(); } public void push(int[] xy) { coordinates.add(xy); int i = coordinates.size(); coordinates.ensureCapacity(i++); } public int[] pop() { int[] x = coordinates.get((coordinates.size())-1); coordinates.remove((coordinates.size())-1); return x; } public int[] top() { return coordinates.get((coordinates.size())-1); } public void genRand(){ // create a CellStack (LIFO) to hold a list of cell locations [x] // set TotalCells = number of cells in grid int TotalCells = size*size; // choose a cell at random and call it CurrentCell int m = randomInt(size); int n = randomInt(size); Cell curCel = maze[m][n]; // set VisitedCells = 1 int visCel = 1,d=0; int[] q; int h,o = 0,p = 0; // while VisitedCells < TotalCells while( visCel < TotalCells){ // find all neighbors of CurrentCell with all walls intact if(maze[m-1][n].countWalls() == 4){d++;} if(maze[m+1][n].countWalls() == 4){d++;} if(maze[m][n-1].countWalls() == 4){d++;} if(maze[m][n+1].countWalls() == 4){d++;} // if one or more found if(d!=0){ Point[] ls = new Point[4]; ls[0] = new Point(m-1,n); ls[1] = new Point(m+1,n); ls[2] = new Point(m,n-1); ls[3] = new Point(m,n+1); // knock down the wall between it and CurrentCell h = randomInt(3); switch(h){ case 0: o = (int)(ls[0].getX()); p = (int)(ls[0].getY()); curCel.destroyWall(2); maze[o][p].destroyWall(1); break; case 1: o = (int)(ls[1].getX()); p = (int)(ls[1].getY()); curCel.destroyWall(1); maze[o][p].destroyWall(2); break; case 2: o = (int)(ls[2].getX()); p = (int)(ls[2].getY()); curCel.destroyWall(3); maze[o][p].destroyWall(0); break; case 3: o = (int)(ls[3].getX()); p = (int)(ls[3].getY()); curCel.destroyWall(0); maze[o][p].destroyWall(3); break; } // push CurrentCell location on the CellStack push(new int[] {m,n}); // make the new cell CurrentCell m = o; n = p; curCel = maze[m][n]; // add 1 to VisitedCells visCel++; } // else else{ // pop the most recent cell entry off the CellStack q = pop(); m = q[0]; n = q[1]; curCel = maze[m][n]; // make it CurrentCell // endIf } // endWhile } } public int randomInt(int s) { return (int)(s* Math.random());} public void paint(Graphics g) { int k, j; width = getSize().width; height = getSize().height; double htOfRow = height / (size); double wdOfRow = width / (size); //checks verticals - destroys east border of cell for (k = 0; k < size; k++) { for (j = 0; j < size; j++) { if(maze[k][j].checkWall(2)){ g.drawLine((int) (k * wdOfRow), (int) (j * htOfRow), (int) (k * wdOfRow), (int) ((j+1) * htOfRow)); }} } //checks horizontal - destroys north border of cell for (k = 0; k < size; k++) { for (j = 0; j < size; j++) { if(maze[k][j].checkWall(3)){ g.drawLine((int) (k * wdOfRow), (int) (j * htOfRow), (int) ((k+1) * wdOfRow), (int) (j * htOfRow)); }} } } } class Cell { private final static int NORTH = 0; private final static int EAST = 1; private final static int WEST = 2; private final static int SOUTH = 3; private final static int NO = 4; private final static int START = 1; private final static int END = 2; boolean[] wall = new boolean[4]; boolean[] border = new boolean[4]; boolean[] backtrack = new boolean[4]; boolean[] solution = new boolean[4]; private boolean isVisited = false; private int Key = 0; public Cell(){ for(int i=0;i<4;i++){wall[i] = true;} } public int countWalls(){ int i, k =0; for(i=0; i<4; i++) { if (wall[i] == true) {k++;} } return k;} public boolean checkWall(int x){ switch(x){ case 0: return wall[0]; case 1: return wall[1]; case 2: return wall[2]; case 3: return wall[3]; } return true; } public void destroyWall(int x){ switch(x){ case 0: wall[0] = false; break; case 1: wall[1] = false; break; case 2: wall[2] = false; break; case 3: wall[3] = false; break; } } public void setStart(int i){Key = i;} public int getKey(){return Key;} public boolean checkVisit(){return isVisited;} public void visitCell(){isVisited = true;} }

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• Unable to assign command output to a variable

  - by Harish Maralihalli

  I am trying to assign the latest file name obtained from the below ls command but getting some error, it would be very nice if someone can answer how can I fix this! fn=`ls -lrt pur_bom_interface_daily*.log | cut -c59-102 | tail -1` or fn=$(ls -lrt pur_bom_interface_daily*.log | cut -c59-102 | tail -1) Error got: ls: 0653-341 The file pur_bom_interface_daily*.log does not exist Note: pur_bom_interface_daily*.log I am using * since there are multiple files starting their name with pur_bom_interface_daily and concatanated with the date on which they have got created.

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• bash completion processing gone bad, how to debug?

  - by msw

  It all started with a simple alias gv='gvim --remote-quiet' and now gv Space Tab gives nothing where it normally should give filenames. Oddly, alias gvi='gvim --remote-quiet' works as expected. I clearly have a workaround, but I'd like to know what is catching my gv for special processing. compopt is no help as gv shares the same settings as ls which does filename completion correctly. $compopt gv compopt +o bashdefault +o default +o dirnames -o filenames +o nospace +o plusdirs gv $ compopt ls compopt +o bashdefault +o default +o dirnames -o filenames +o nospace +o plusdirs ls The complete command is slightly more helpful but it doesn't tell me why my two characters got singled out for alteration: $ complete -p gv complete -o filenames -F _filedir_xspec gv $ complete -p ls complete -o filenames -F _longopt ls $ complete -p echo bash: complete: echo: no completion specification $ alias gvi='gvim --remote-silent' msw@tallguy:~/.gnupg$ complete -p gvi bash: complete: gvi: no completion specification Where did complete -o filenames -F _filedir_xpec gv come from?

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• What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc ?

  - by gyaresu

  Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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• Terminal Colors Not Working

  - by Matt Fordham

  I am accessing an Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS server via SSH from OSX. Recently the colors stopped working. I think it happened while I was installing/troubleshooting RVM, but I am not positive. In .bashrc I uncommeneted force_color_prompt=yes, and when I run env | grep TERM I get TERM=xterm-color. But still no colors. Any ideas? Thanks! Here is the output of cat .bashrc # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells. # see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc) # for examples # If not running interactively, don't do anything [ -z "$PS1" ] && return # don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options # ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace # append to the history file, don't overwrite it shopt -s histappend # for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1) HISTSIZE=1000 HISTFILESIZE=2000 # check the window size after each command and, if necessary, # update the values of LINES and COLUMNS. shopt -s checkwinsize # make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1) [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" # set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below) if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot) fi # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) case "$TERM" in xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;; esac # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt force_color_prompt=yes if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48 # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.) color_prompt=yes else color_prompt= fi fi if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' else PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' fi unset color_prompt force_color_prompt # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir case "$TERM" in xterm*|rxvt*) PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1" ;; *) ;; esac # enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)" alias ls='ls --color=auto' alias dir='dir --color=auto' alias vdir='vdir --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' fi # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alF' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CF' # Alias definitions. # You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like # ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly. # See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package. if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then . ~/.bash_aliases fi # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile # sources /etc/bash.bashrc). if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then . /etc/bash_completion fi [[ -s "/usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && . "/usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm"

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• Cannot delete .Trash-503 directory, returns a $RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo: Input/output error

  - by Parto

  I cannot delete .Trash-503 folder via GUI or terminal, it returns a $RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo: Input/output error Not even sudo rm -r or even a simple ls works in that trash directory. Check terminal output below: subroot@subroot:~$ cd /media/xxxxx/ subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx$ rm .Trash-503/ rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/': Is a directory subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx$ rm -r .Trash-503/ rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info/$RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo': Input/output error rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info/found.000.trashinfo': Input/output error rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info': Directory not empty subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx$ sudo rm -r .Trash-503/ [sudo] password for subroot: rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info/$RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo': Input/output error rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info/found.000.trashinfo': Input/output error subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx$ cd .Trash-503/ subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx/.Trash-503$ ls info subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx/.Trash-503$ cd info/ subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx/.Trash-503/info$ ls ls: cannot access $RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo: Input/output error ls: cannot access found.000.trashinfo: Input/output error found.000.trashinfo $RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo subroot@subroot:/media/xxxxx/.Trash-503/info$ What's going on here and how can I delete this folder? EDIT I tried checking and repairing the partition using gparted only to get this error message: ERROR: Filesystem check failed! ERROR: 264 clusters are referenced multiple times. NTFS is inconsistent. Run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot it TWICE! The usage of the /f parameter is very IMPORTANT! No modification was and will be made to NTFS by this software until it gets repaired. I don't have windows installed, how can I run chkdsk /f from ubuntu?

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• locate doesn't find all the files it should

  - by neubert

  I type in locate gmp.h at the prompt and get the following: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-24/include/linux/igmp.h /usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-24/include/uapi/linux/igmp.h /usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-24-generic/include/linux/igmp.h But when I do ls /usr/include/x86-64-linux-gnu/ I see this: a.out.h asm bits c++ fpu_control.h gmp.h gnu ieee754.h sys Why isn't locate locating /usr/include/x86-64-linux-gnu/gmp.h? edit: ls -l /usr/include/x64-64-linux-gnu/gmp.h says this: ls: cannot access /usr/include/x64-64-linux-gnu/gmp.h: No such file or diretory Why would ls /usr/include/x86-64-linux-gnu/ say it exists when ls -l /usr/include/x64-64-linux-gnu/gmp.h says it doesn't? A screenshot:

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• xargs -I replace-str option difference

  - by foresightyj

  From my understanding, the following should mean exactly the same: ls -1 | xargs file {} ls -1 | xargs -I{} file {} if -I option is not specified, it is default to -I{}. I want to list all files in the current directory and run file command on each of them. Some have spaces in their names. However, I noticed the difference. See below: $ ls -1 Hello World $ ls -1 | xargs file {} {}: ERROR: cannot open `{}' (No such file or directory) Hello: ERROR: cannot open `Hello' (No such file or directory) World: ERROR: cannot open `World' (No such file or directory) $ ls -1 | xargs -I{} file {} Hello World: directory With -I{} explicitly specified, blanks in file names are treated as expected.

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• vgaswitcheroo isn't working in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Forbidden404

  I always used vgaswitcheroo to turn off my discrete graphic, I did a script to turn off in boot, but now, vgaswitcheroo isn't working anymore, I don't know why... look forbidden404@forbidden404-Inspiron-N5110:~$ ls -l /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch ls: cannot access /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch: Permission denied forbidden404@forbidden404-Inspiron-N5110:~$ grep -i switcheroo /boot/config-* /boot/config-3.2.0-20-generic:CONFIG_VGA_SWITCHEROO=y /boot/config-3.2.0-23-generic:CONFIG_VGA_SWITCHEROO=y /boot/config-3.2.0-24-generic:CONFIG_VGA_SWITCHEROO=y forbidden404@forbidden404-Inspiron-N5110:~$ sudo su [sudo] password for forbidden404: root@forbidden404-Inspiron-N5110:/home/forbidden404# echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch bash: /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch: No such file or directory root@forbidden404-Inspiron-N5110:/home/forbidden404# ls -l /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch ls: cannot access /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch: No such file or directory And I'm not using any proprietary driver, k?

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• Find the latest file by modified date

  - by Rich

  If I want to find the latest file (mtime) in a (big) directory containing subdirectories, how would I do it? Lots of posts I've found suggest some variation of ls -lt | head (amusingly, many suggest ls -ltr | tail which is the same but less efficient) which is fine unless you have subdirectories (I do). Then again, you could find . -type f -exec ls -lt \{\} \+ | head which will definitely do the trick for as many files as can be specified by one command, i.e. if you have a big directory, -exec...\+ will issue separate commands; therefore each group will be sorted by ls within itself but not over the total set; the head will therefore pick up the lastest entry of the first batch. Any answers?

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• How to check last changes in filesystem or directory with bash?

  - by Robert Vila

  After the system unmounted the root partition I detected that some files are missing in the filesystem. wifi and the gwibber icons disappeared from the indicator applet I want to check if there are other files missing using the ls program and the locate program, which woks on indexes of a previous state of the filesystem. Thus, locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs ls -d 2>&1 >/dev/null serves for that purpose, and I can count the nonexistent files like this: locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs ls -d 2>&1 >/dev/null | wc -l except for the case where filenames have blank spaces in them; and, not very surprisingly, that is the case with Ubuntu (OMG!! It is no longer "forbidden" like in good old times). If I use: locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs -Iñ ls -d 'ñ' 2>&1 >/dev/null it is not working because there is some kind of interference in the syntax between the redirections of the standard outputs and the use of the parameter -I. Can anyone please help me with this syntax or giving another idea?

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• Hidden characters inserted after pipe (|) followed by a space

  - by nifty

  Very often, on my Mac, when I use the pipe (|) character followed by a space character, an invincible character will be inserted in between. This is especially annoying when using the terminal, as it makes commands invalid. If I type the following in iterm2, I often get the following: ls | cat zsh: command not found:  cat If I hit the up-arrow-key to get my previous command, and then remove and reinsert the space between | and cat, the command will work. When I copy paste the working and non working commands into a file, like this: non-working: ls | cat working: ls | cat and open it in Hex Fiend it shows the following: non-working: ls |¬†cat working: ls | cat I've also experienced the same kind of issue in SublimeText2 using the square brackets ([]) followed by a space. So I don't believe its an issue with iTerm2.

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• Teminal non-responsive on load, can't enter anything until CTRL+C

  - by Silver Light

  Hello! I have an issue with terminal in Ubuntu 10.04. When I launch it, it hangs, like this: I cannot do anything until I press CTRL+C: I cannot remember when this started. What can be wrong? Looks like teminal is loading or processing something each time it loads. How can I diagnose and solve this problem? EDIT: Here are the conents of ~/.bashrc: # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells. # see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc) # for examples # If not running interactively, don't do anything [ -z "$PS1" ] && return # don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options # ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace # append to the history file, don't overwrite it shopt -s histappend # for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1) HISTSIZE=1000 HISTFILESIZE=2000 # check the window size after each command and, if necessary, # update the values of LINES and COLUMNS. shopt -s checkwinsize # make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1) [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" # set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below) if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot) fi # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) case "$TERM" in xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;; esac # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt #force_color_prompt=yes if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48 # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.) color_prompt=yes else color_prompt= fi fi if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' else PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' fi unset color_prompt force_color_prompt # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir case "$TERM" in xterm*|rxvt*) PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1" ;; *) ;; esac # enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)" alias ls='ls --color=auto' #alias dir='dir --color=auto' #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' fi # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alF' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CF' # Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so: # sleep 10; alert alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"' # Alias definitions. # You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like # ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly. # See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package. if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then . ~/.bash_aliases fi # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile # sources /etc/bash.bashrc). if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then . /etc/bash_completion fi # Source .profile if [ -f ~/.profile ]; then . ~/.profile fi Setting -x at the beginning showed me that it tries to repeat this without stopping: +++++++++++++++++++ '[' 'complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' '!=' 'complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' ']' +++++++++++++++++++ line='complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ line='complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ line=' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ list=("${list[@]}" $line) +++++++++++++++++++ read line

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• What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc?

  - by gyaresu

  Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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• Teminal hands on load, can't enter anything until CTRL+C

  - by Silver Light

  Hello! I have an issue with terminal in Ubuntu 10.04. When I launch it, it hangs, like this: I cannot do anything until I press CTRL+C: I cannot remember when this started. What can be wrong? Looks like teminal is loading or processing something each time it loads. How can I diagnose and solve this problem? EDIT: Here are the conents of ~/.bashrc: # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells. # see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc) # for examples # If not running interactively, don't do anything [ -z "$PS1" ] && return # don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options # ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace # append to the history file, don't overwrite it shopt -s histappend # for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1) HISTSIZE=1000 HISTFILESIZE=2000 # check the window size after each command and, if necessary, # update the values of LINES and COLUMNS. shopt -s checkwinsize # make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1) [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" # set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below) if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot) fi # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) case "$TERM" in xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;; esac # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt #force_color_prompt=yes if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48 # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.) color_prompt=yes else color_prompt= fi fi if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' else PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' fi unset color_prompt force_color_prompt # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir case "$TERM" in xterm*|rxvt*) PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1" ;; *) ;; esac # enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)" alias ls='ls --color=auto' #alias dir='dir --color=auto' #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' fi # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alF' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CF' # Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so: # sleep 10; alert alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"' # Alias definitions. # You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like # ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly. # See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package. if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then . ~/.bash_aliases fi # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile # sources /etc/bash.bashrc). if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then . /etc/bash_completion fi # Source .profile if [ -f ~/.profile ]; then . ~/.profile fi Setting -x at the beginning showed me that it tries to repeat this without stopping: +++++++++++++++++++ '[' 'complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' '!=' 'complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' ']' +++++++++++++++++++ line='complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ line='complete -f -X '\''!*.@(pdf|PDF)'\'' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ line=' acroread gpdf xpdf' +++++++++++++++++++ list=("${list[@]}" $line) +++++++++++++++++++ read line

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• Can't burn 8.1G iso onto 8.4GB DVD - "Media does not have enough free space"

  - by Max Williams

  I'm trying to burn a dvd on a mac with an external (firewire-connected) dvd drive. I'm checking the size of the iso thus: DVD-4:dvd_files macbook$ ls -l /tmp/hybrid.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 macbook wheel 8700884992 Aug 22 10:57 /tmp/hybrid.iso DVD-4:dvd_files macbook$ ls -lh /tmp/hybrid.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 macbook wheel 8.1G Aug 22 10:57 /tmp/hybrid.iso The "human-readable" size is 8.1 Gig but when i try to burn, onto an 8.4G dual-layer dvd, it says "Media does not have enough free space" The definition of a "Gigabyte" according to Wikipedia is 1 billion bytes, so the iso size should actually be 8.7 Gig according to this definition, in which case the disk definitely isn't big enough, and it's just that the -h option to ls is misleading. Is the discrepancy just due to the ls command using a different definition of "G" (eg 1024 Meg aka 1.07 Gig? This comes out as 8.103 which fits what ls is displaying)

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• Strange filesystem behavior, Ubuntu 9

  - by Fixee

  I have two windows open on the same machine (Ubuntu 9, ia32, server). I'll call these windows W1 and W2. W1: $ cd ~/test $ ls sample $ In W2 I run "make" from a parent directory that recreates file test/sample: $ make project . . $ cd test $ ls sample $ Now, returning to W1: $ ls $ cd ../test $ ls sample $ In other words, after I build from another window and the file test/sample is replaced, ls shows the file as missing in the 2nd window until I cd ../test back into the directory whereupon it reappears. I can give more details if required, but just wondering if this is a well-known behavior.

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• Symlink path can be followed manually, but `cd` returns Permission denied

  - by Ricket

  I am trying to access the directory /usr/software/test/agnostic. There are several symlinks involved in this path. As you can see by the below transcript, I am unable to cd directly to the path, but I can check each step of the way and cd to the symlinked directories until I reach the destination. Why is this? (and how do I fix it?) Ubuntu 12.10, bash > ls /usr/software/test/agnostic ls: cannot access /usr/software/test/agnostic: Permission denied > cd /usr/software/test > cd agnostic bash: cd: agnostic: Permission denied > pwd -P /x/eng/localtest/arch/x86_64-redhat-rhel5 > ls -al | grep agnostic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Oct 23 2007 agnostic -> noarch/agnostic > ls -al | grep noarch ... lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Oct 23 2007 noarch -> /x/eng/localtest/noarch > cd noarch > cd agnostic bash: cd: agnostic: Permission denied > ls -al | grep agnostic lrwxrwxrwx 1 5808 dip 4 Oct 5 2010 agnostic -> main > cd main > ls (correct output of `ls`) > pwd /usr/software/test/noarch/main > pwd -P /x/eng/localtest/noarch/main

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• Data loss through permissions change?

  - by charliehorse55

  I seem to have deleted some files on my media drive, simply by changing the permissions. The Story I have many operating systems installed on my computer, and constantly switch between them. I bought a 1TB HD and formatted it as HFS+ (not journaled). It worked well between OSX and all of my linux installations while having much better metadata support than NTFS. I never synced the UIDs for my operating systems so the permissions were always doing funny things. Yesterday I tried to fix the permissions by first changing the UIDs of the other operating systems to match OSX, and then changing the file ownership of all files on the drive to match OSX. About 50% of the files on the drive were originally owned by OSX, the other half were owned by the various linux installations. I started to try and change the file permissions for the folders, and that's when it went south. The Commands These commands were run recursively on the one section of the drive. sudo chflags nouchg sudo chflags -N sudo chown myusername sudo chmod 666 sudo chgrp staff The Bad Sometime during the execution of these commands, all of the files belonging to OSX were deleted. If a folder had linux based files it would remain intact but any folder containing exclusively OSX files was erased. If a folder containing linux files also contained a subfolder with only OSX files, the sub folder would remain but is inaccesible and displays a file size of 0 bytes. Luckily these commands were only run on the videos folder, I also have a music folder with the same issue but I did not execute any of these commands on it. Effectively I have examples of the file permissions for all 3 states - the linux files before and after, and the OSX files before. OSX File Before -rw-r--r--@ 1 charliehorse 1000 3634241 15 Nov 2008 /path/to/file com.apple.FinderInfo 32 Linux File before: -rw-r--r--@ 1 charliehorse 1000 5321776 20 Sep 2002 /path/to/file/ com.apple.FinderInfo 32 Linux File After (Read only): (Different file, but I believe the same permissions originally) -rw-rw-rw-@ 1 charliehorse staff 366982610 17 Jun 2008 /path/to/file com.apple.FinderInfo 32 These files still exist so if there are any other commands to run on them to determine what has happened here, I can do that. EDIT Running ls on one of the "empty" deleted OSX folders yields this: ls: .: Permission denied ls: ..: Permission denied ls: subdirA: Permission denied ls: subdirB: Permission denied ls: subdirC: Permission denied ls: subdirD: Permission denied I believe my files might still be there, but the permissions are screwed.

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• How to pass the 'argument-line' of one PowerShell function to another?

  - by jwfearn

  I'm trying to write some PowerShell functions that do some stuff and then transparently call through to existing built-in function. I want to pass along all the arguments untouched. I don't want to have to know any details of the arguments. I tired using 'splat' to do this with @args but that didn't work as I expected. In the example below, I've written a toy function called myls which supposed to print hello! and then call the same built-in function, Get-ChildItem, that the built-in alias ls calls with the rest of the argument line intact. What I have so far works pretty well: function myls { Write-Output "hello!" Invoke-Expression("Get-ChildItem "+$MyInvocation.UnboundArguments -join " ") } A correct version of myls should be able to handle being called with no arguments, with one argument, with named arguments, from a line containing multiple semi-colon delimited commands, and with variables in the arguments including string variables containing spaces. The tests below compare myls and the builtin ls: [NOTE: output elided and/or compacted to save space] PS> md C:\p\d\x, C:\p\d\y, C:\p\d\"jay z" PS> cd C:\p\d PS> ls # no args PS> myls # pass PS> cd .. PS> ls d # one arg PS> myls d # pass PS> $a="A"; $z="Z"; $y="y"; $jz="jay z" PS> $a; ls d; $z # multiple statements PS> $a; myls d; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude x; $z # named args PS> $a; myls d -Exclude x; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude $y; $z # variables in arg-line PS> $a; myls d -Exclude $y; $z # pass PS> $a; ls d -Exclude $jz; $z # variables containing spaces in arg-line PS> $a; myls d -Exclude $jz; $z # FAIL! Is there a way I can re-write myls to get the behavior I want?

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• Why do I get access denied to data folder when using adb?

  - by gregm

  I connected to my live device using the adb and the following commands: C:\>adb -s HT829GZ52000 shell $ ls ls sqlite_stmt_journals cache sdcard etc system sys sbin proc logo.rle init.trout.rc init.rc init.goldfish.rc init default.prop data root dev $ cd data cd data $ ls ls opendir failed, Permission denied I was surprised to see that I have access denied. How come I can't browse around the directories using the commandline like this? How do I get root access on my phone?

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• How do I use multiple arguments from an array to construct an execl() call in C?

  - by chucknelson

  I have a string array in C named args[] - now how can I use this list of arguments to construct a proper call to execl()? So if the array contains: {"/bin/ls","ls","-a","-l"} ...how can I eventually construct an execl() call that is: execl("/bin/ls","ls","-a","-l",NULL); I must be thinking about this wrong, as I can't find anything online, just talk about defining functions that can take a variable number of arguments.

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• What is the best WebControl to create this

  - by balexandre

  current output wanted output current code public partial class test : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!Page.IsPostBack) populateData(); } private void populateData() { List<temp> ls = new List<temp>(); ls.Add(new temp { a = "AAA", b = "aa", c = "a", dt = DateTime.Now }); ls.Add(new temp { a = "BBB", b = "bb", c = "b", dt = DateTime.Now }); ls.Add(new temp { a = "CCC", b = "cc", c = "c", dt = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1) }); ls.Add(new temp { a = "DDD", b = "dd", c = "d", dt = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1) }); ls.Add(new temp { a = "EEE", b = "ee", c = "e", dt = DateTime.Now.AddDays(2) }); ls.Add(new temp { a = "FFF", b = "ff", c = "f", dt = DateTime.Now.AddDays(2) }); TemplateField tc = (TemplateField)gv.Columns[0]; // <-- want to assign here just day gv.Columns.Add(tc); // <-- want to assign here just day + 1 gv.Columns.Add(tc); // <-- want to assign here just day + 2 gv.DataSource = ls; gv.DataBind(); } } public class temp { public temp() { } public string a { get; set; } public string b { get; set; } public string c { get; set; } public DateTime dt { get; set; } } and in HTML <asp:GridView ID="gv" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false"> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("a") %>' Font-Bold="true" /><br /> <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("b") %>' Font-Italic="true" /><br /> <asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("dt") %>' /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> What I'm trying to avoid is repeat code so I can only use one unique TemplateField I can accomplish this with 3 x GridView, one per each day, but I'm really trying to simplify code as the Grid will be exactly the same (as the HTML code goes), just the DataSource changes. Any help is greatly appreciated, Thank you.

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• Script Bash and History Unix

  - by user1107078

  i just start to use Script bash on UNIX and i didnt find a solution to write the first command in the history which start , for example , with ls. If i write in the shell history !ls it works but when i'm going to create a script it wont work. This is my example code #!/bin/bash set -o | grep history set -o history #echo "HISTFILE is $HISTFILE" #history "!ls"; #history #!ls history #it works Another Question why echo "HISTFILE is $HISTFILE" print me only HISTFILE is ?? Thanks

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