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  • Official names for pointer operators

    - by FredOverflow
    What are the official names for the operators * and & in the context of pointers? They seem to be frequently called dereference operator and address-of operator respectively, but unfortunately, the section on unary operators in the standard does not name them. I really don't want to name & address-of anymore, because & returns a pointer, not an address. (A pointer is a language mechanism, while an address is an implementation detail. Addresses are untyped, while pointers aren't, except for void*.) The standard is very clear about this: The result of the unary & operator is a pointer to its operand. Symmetry suggests to name & reference operator which is a little unfortunate because of the collision with references in C++. The fact that & returns a pointer suggests pointer operator. Are there any official sources that would confirm these (or other) namings?

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  • Why avoid increment ("++") and decrement ("--") operators in JavaScript?

    - by artlung
    I'm a big fan of Douglas Crockford's writing on JavaScript, particularly his book JavaScript: The Good Parts. It's made me a better JavaScript programmer and a better programmer in general. One of his tips for his jslint tool is this : ++ and -- The ++ (increment) and -- (decrement) operators have been known to contribute to bad code by encouraging excessive trickiness. They are second only to faulty architecture in enabling to viruses and other security menaces. There is a plusplus option that prohibits the use of these operators. This has always struck my gut as "yes, that makes sense," but has annoyed me when I've needed a looping condition and can't figure out a better way to control the loop than a while( a < 10 )do { a++ } or for (var i=0;i<10;i++) { } and use jslint. It's challenged me to write it differently. I also know in the distant past using things, in say PHP like $foo[$bar++] has gotten me in trouble with off-by-one errors. Are there C-like languages or other languages with similarities that that lack the "++" and "--" syntax or handle it differently? Are there other rationales for avoiding "++" and "--" that I might be missing? UPDATE -- April 9, 2010: In the video Crockford on JavaScript -- Part 5: The End of All Things, Douglas Crockford addresses the ++ issue more directly and with more detail. It appears at 1:09:00 in the timeline. Worth a watch.

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  • Boost causes an invalid block while overloading new/delete operators

    - by user555746
    Hi, I have a problem which appears to a be an invalid memory block that happens during a Boost call to Boost:runtime:cla::parser::~parser. When that global delete is called on that object, C++ asserts on the memory block as an invalid: dbgdel.cpp(52): /* verify block type */ _ASSERTE(_BLOCK_TYPE_IS_VALID(pHead->nBlockUse)); An investigation I did revealed that the problem happened because of a global overloading of the new/delete operators. Those overloadings are placed in a separate DLL. I discovered that the problem happens only when that DLL is compiled in RELEASE while the main application is compiled in DEBUG. So I thought that the Release/Debug build flavors might have created a problem like this in Boost/CRT when overloading new/delete operators. So I then tried to explicitly call to _malloc_dbg and _free_dbg withing the overloading functions even in release mode, but it didn't solve the invalid heap block problem. Any idea what the root cause of the problem is? is that situation solvable? I should stress that the problem began only when I started to use Boost. Before that CRT never complained about any invalid memory block. So could it be an internal Boost bug? Thanks!

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  • operators computing direction

    - by amiad
    Hi all! I enqunterd something that I can't understand. I have this code: cout << "f1 * f1 + f2 * f1 - f1 / f2 is: "<< f1 * f1 + f2 * f1 - f1 / f2 << endl; All the "f"s are objects, and all the operators are overloaded. The weird this is that the first computarion is of the "/" operator, then the second "" and then the first "", after that - the operator "+" and at last - operator "-". So basicly - the "/" and "*" worked from right to left, and the "+" and "-" operators worked from left to right. I made another test... I checked this code: cout << "f1 * f1 / f2 is: " << f1 * f1 / f2 << endl; Now, the first operator was "*" and only then oerator "/". So now, it worked from left to right. Can someone help me underatand why is there diffrence in the directions? 10X!

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  • Which are the fundamental stack manipulation operations?

    - by Aadit M Shah
    I'm creating a stack oriented virtual machine, and so I started learning Forth for a general understanding about how it would work. Then I shortlisted the essential stack manipulation operations I would need to implement in my virtual machine: drop ( a -- ) dup ( a -- a a ) swap ( a b -- b a ) rot ( a b c -- b c a ) I believe that the following four stack manipulation operations can be used to simulate any other stack manipulation operation. For example: nip ( a b -- b ) swap drop -rot ( a b c -- c a b ) rot rot tuck ( a b -- b a b ) dup -rot over ( a b -- a b a ) swap tuck That being said however I wanted to know whether I have listed all the fundamental stack manipulation operations necessary to manipulate the stack in any possible way. Are there any more fundamental stack manipulation operations I would need to implement, without which my virtual machine wouldn't be Turing complete?

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  • Working with Temporal Data in SQL Server

    - by Dejan Sarka
    My third Pluralsight course, Working with Temporal Data in SQL Server, is published. I am really proud on the second part of the course, where I discuss optimization of temporal queries. This was a nearly impossible task for decades. First solutions appeared only lately. I present all together six solutions (and one more that is not a solution), and I invented four of them. http://pluralsight.com/training/Courses/TableOfContents/working-with-temporal-data-sql-server

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  • Is there something special about the number 65535?

    - by Nick Rosencrantz
    2¹6-1 & 25 = 25 (or? obviously ?) A developer asked me today what is bitwise 65535 & 32 i.e. 2¹6-1 & 25 = ? I thought at first spontaneously 32 but it seemed to easy whereupon I thought for several minutes and then answered 32. 32 seems to have been the correct answer but how? 65535=2¹6-1=1111111111111111 (but it doesn't seem right since this binary number all ones should be -1(?)), 32 = 100000 but I could not convert that in my head whereupon I anyway answered 32 since I had to answer something. Is the answer 32 in fact trivial? Is in the same way 2¹6-1 & 25-1 =31? Why did the developer ask me about exactly 65535? Binary what I was asked to evaluate was 1111111111111111 & 100000 but I don't understand why 1111111111111111 is not -1. Shouldn't it be -1? Is 65535 a number that gives overflow and how do I know that?

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  • What kind of specific projects can I do to master bitwise operations in C++? Also is there a canonical book? [closed]

    - by Ford
    I don't use C++ or bitwise operations at my current job but I'm thinking of applying to companies where it is a requirement to be fluent with them (on their tests anyway). So my question is: Can anyone suggest a project which will require gaining a fluency in bitwise operations to complete? On a side note, is there a canonical book on optimization techniques using bitwise operations since that seems to be an important use of them?

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  • Is Operator Overloading supported in C

    - by caramel23
    Today when I was reading about LCC(windows) compiler I find out it has the implemention for operator overloading . I'm puzzled because after a bit of googling , it has been confirm that operator overloading ain't support in standard C , but I read some people's comment mentioning LCC is ANSI-compliant . So my real question is , is LCC really standard C or it's just like objective-c , a C variant with object-oriented feature ?

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  • Concept of bit fields

    - by user1369975
    Whenever I read a code like this: struct node { int x : 2; int p : 4; }n; with bit fields involved, I get really confused, as to how they are represented in memory, what is sizeof(n) etc., how does it differ with normal members of structures? I tried referring K&R and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_field but they little to remove my confusion. What concepts of bit fields am I failing to grasp?

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  • Suggested GA operators for a TSP problem?

    - by Mark
    I'm building a genetic algorithm to tackle the traveling salesman problem. Unfortunately, I hit peaks that can sustain for over a thousand generations before mutating out of them and getting better results. What crossover and mutation operators generally do well in this case?

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  • How to make ARGB transparency using bitwise operators.

    - by Smejda
    I need to make transparency, having 2 pixels: pixel1: {A, R, G, B} - foreground pixel pixel2: {A, R, G, B} - background pixel A,R,G,B are Byte values each color is represented by byte value now I'm calculating transparency as: newR = pixel2_R * alpha / 255 + pixel1_R * (255 - alpha) / 255 newG = pixel2_G * alpha / 255 + pixel1_G * (255 - alpha) / 255 newB = pixel2_B * alpha / 255 + pixel1_B * (255 - alpha) / 255 but it is too slow I need to do it with bitwise operators (AND,OR,XOR, NEGATION, BIT MOVE)

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  • Containers of reference_wrappers (comparison operators required?)

    - by kloffy
    If you use stl containers together with reference_wrappers of POD types, the following code works just fine: int i = 3; std::vector< boost::reference_wrapper<int> > is; is.push_back(boost::ref(i)); std::cout << (std::find(is.begin(),is.end(),i)!=is.end()) << std::endl; However, if you use non-POD types such as (contrived example): struct Integer { int value; bool operator==(const Integer& rhs) const { return value==rhs.value; } bool operator!=(const Integer& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); } }; It doesn't suffice to declare those comparison operators, instead you have to declare: bool operator==(const boost::reference_wrapper<Integer>& lhs, const Integer& rhs) { return boost::unwrap_ref(lhs)==rhs; } And possibly also: bool operator==(const Integer& lhs, const boost::reference_wrapper<Integer>& rhs) { return lhs==boost::unwrap_ref(rhs); } In order to get the equivalent code to work: Integer j = { 0 }; std::vector< boost::reference_wrapper<Integer> > js; js.push_back(boost::ref(j)); std::cout << (std::find(js.begin(),js.end(),j)!=js.end()) << std::endl; Now, I'm wondering if this is really the way it's meant to be done, since it seems impractical. It just seems there should be a simpler solution, e.g. templates: template<class T> bool operator==(const boost::reference_wrapper<T>& lhs, const T& rhs) { return boost::unwrap_ref(lhs)==rhs; } template<class T> bool operator==(const T& lhs, const boost::reference_wrapper<T>& rhs) { return lhs==boost::unwrap_ref(rhs); } There's probably a good reason why reference_wrapper behaves the way it does (possibly to accomodate non-POD types without comparison operators?). Maybe there already is an elegant solution and I just haven't found it.

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  • PL/SQL Logical Operators evaluate whole function

    - by Chris
    I know in C like languages logical operators are evaluated one at a time so: false && really_expensive_function() is doesn't result in the function being called (I can't remember the CS name for this). Does the same happen in PL/SQL or do I need to break the IF parts out to separate blocks?

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  • How to pass operators as parameters

    - by Rodion Ingles
    I have to load an array of doubles from a file, multiply each element by a value in a table (different values for different elements), do some work on it, invert the multiplication (that is, divide) and then save the data back to file. Currently I implement the multiplication and division process in two separate methods. Now there is some extra work behind the scenes but apart from the specific statements where the multiplication/division occurs, the rest of the code is identical. As you can imagine, with this approach you have to be very careful making any changes. The surrounding code is not trivial, so its either a case of manually editing each method or copying changes from one method to the other and remembering to change the * and / operators. After too many close calls I am fed up of this and would like to make a common function which implements the common logic and two wrapper functions which pass which operator to use as a parameter. My initial approach was to use function pointers: MultiplyData(double data) { TransformData(data, &(operator *)); } DivideData(double data) { TransformData(data, &(operator /)); } TransformData(double data, double (*func)(double op1, double op2)) { /* Do stuff here... */ } However, I can't pass the operators as pointers (is this because it is an operator on a native type?), so I tried to use function objects. Initially I thought that multiplies and divides functors in <functional> would be ideal: MultiplyData(double data) { std::multiplies<double> multFunct; TransformData(data, &multFunct); } DivideData(double data) { std::divides<double> divFunct; TransformData(data, &divFunct); } TransformData(double data, std::binary_function<double, double, double> *funct) { /* Do stuff here... */ } As you can see I was trying to use a base class pointer to pass the functor polymorphically. The problem is that std::binary_function does not declare an operator() member for the child classes to implement. Is there something I am missing, or is the solution to implement my own functor heirarchy (which really seems more trouble than it is worth)?

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  • Windows Azure Table Storage LINQ Operators

    - by Ryan Elkins
    Currently Table Storage supports From, Where, Take, and First. Are there plans to support any of the other 29 operators? If we have to code for these ourselves, how much of a performance difference are we looking at to something similar via SQL and SQL Server? Do you see it being somewhat comparable or will it be far far slower if I need to do a Count or Sum or Group By over a gigantic dataset? I like the Azure platform and the idea of cloud based storage. I like Windows Azure for the amount of data it can store and the schema-less nature of table storage. SQL Azure just won't work due to the high cost to storage space.

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  • MySQL Query involving column names containing math operators

    - by devil_fingers
    I'm a MySQL scrub, and I have asked around and checked around the internet for what I'm sure will turn out to be something obvious, but I'm very frustrated with what I thought would be a very, very simple query not working. So here goes. Please be gentle. Basically, in a large database, some of the column names contain mathematical operators like "/" and "+." (Don't ask, it's not my database, I can't do anything about it). Here is the "essence" of my query (I took out the irrelevant stuff for the sake of this question): SELECT PlayerId, Season, WPA/LI AS WPALI FROM tht.stats_batting_master WHERE Season = "2010" AND teamid > 0 AND PA >= 502 GROUP BY playerid ORDER BY WPALI DESC When I run this, it returns "Unknown column 'LI' in 'field list'," I assume because it sees the "/" in WPA/LI as a division sign. Like I said, I'm sure this is easy enough to work around (it must be given how much this database is used), but I haven't' been able to figure out how. Thanks in advance for any help.

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  • Class basic operators

    - by swan
    Hi, Is it necessary to have a copy constructor, destructor and operator= in a class that have only static data member, no pointer class myClass{ int dm; public: myClass(){ dm = 1; } ~myClass(){ } // Is this line usefull ? myClass(const myClass& myObj){ // and that operator? this->dm = myObj.dm; } myClass& operator=(const myClass& myObj){ // and that one? if(this != &myObj){ this->dm = myObj.dm; } return *this; } }; I read that the compiler build one for us, so it is better to not have one (when we add a data member we have to update the operators)

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  • Is It Worth Using Bitwise Operators In Methods?

    - by user1626141
    I am very new to Java (and programming in general, my previous experience is with ActionScript 2.0 and some simple JavaScript), and I am working my way slowly and methodically through Java: A Beginner's Guide by Herbert Schildt. It is an incredible book. For one thing, I finally understand more-or-less what bitwise operators (which I first encountered in ActionScript 2.0) do, and that they are more efficient than other methods for certain sums. My question is, is it more efficient to use a method that uses, say, a shift right, to perform all your divisions/2 (or divisions/even) for you in a large program with many calculations (in this case, a sprawling RPG), or is it more efficient to simply use standard mathematical operations because the compiler will optimise it all for you? Or, am I asking the wrong question entirely?

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  • Which namespace does operator<< (stream) go to?

    - by aaa
    If I have have some overloaded ostream operators, defined for library local objects, is its okay for them to go to std namespace? If I do not declare them in std namespace, then I must use using ns:: operator <<. As a possible follow-up question, are there any operators which should go to standard or global namespace?

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  • C++ overloading comparative operators for a MyString class

    - by Taylor Gang
    bool operator == (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(left.value == right.value) return true; else return false; } bool operator != (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(left == right) return false; else return true; } bool operator < (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == -1) return true; else return false; } bool operator > (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 1) return true; else return false; } bool operator <= (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == -1 || strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 0) return true; else return false; } bool operator >= (const MyString& left, const MyString& right) { if(strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 1 || strcmp(left.value, right.value) == 0) return true; else return false; } So these are my implemented comparison operators for my MyString class, they fail the test program that my professor gave me and could use some direction. Thanks in advance for any and all help I receive.

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  • C# Extend array type to overload operators

    - by Episodex
    I'd like to create my own class extending array of ints. Is that possible? What I need is array of ints that can be added by "+" operator to another array (each element added to each), and compared by "==", so it could (hopefully) be used as a key in dictionary. The thing is I don't want to implement whole IList interface to my new class, but only add those two operators to existing array class. I'm trying to do something like this: class MyArray : Array<int> But it's not working that way obviously ;). Sorry if I'm unclear but I'm searching solution for hours now... UPDATE: I tried something like this: class Zmienne : IEquatable<Zmienne> { public int[] x; public Zmienne(int ilosc) { x = new int[ilosc]; } public override bool Equals(object obj) { if (obj == null || GetType() != obj.GetType()) { return false; } return base.Equals((Zmienne)obj); } public bool Equals(Zmienne drugie) { if (x.Length != drugie.x.Length) return false; else { for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; i++) { if (x[i] != drugie.x[i]) return false; } } return true; } public override int GetHashCode() { int hash = x[0].GetHashCode(); for (int i = 1; i < x.Length; i++) hash = hash ^ x[i].GetHashCode(); return hash; } } Then use it like this: Zmienne tab1 = new Zmienne(2); Zmienne tab2 = new Zmienne(2); tab1.x[0] = 1; tab1.x[1] = 1; tab2.x[0] = 1; tab2.x[1] = 1; if (tab1 == tab2) Console.WriteLine("Works!"); And no effect. I'm not good with interfaces and overriding methods unfortunately :(. As for reason I'm trying to do it. I have some equations like: x1 + x2 = 0.45 x1 + x4 = 0.2 x2 + x4 = 0.11 There are a lot more of them, and I need to for example add first equation to second and search all others to find out if there is any that matches the combination of x'es resulting in that adding. Maybe I'm going in totally wrong direction?

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