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  • nginx rewrite base url

    - by ptn777
    I would like the root url http://www.example.com to redirect to http://www.example.com/something/else This is because some weird WP plugin always sets a cookie on the base url, which doesn't let me cache it. I tried this directive: location / { rewrite ^ /something/else break; } But 1) there is no redirect and 2) pages start shooting more than 1,000 requests to my server. With this one: location / { rewrite ^ http://www.example.com/something/else break; } Chrome reports a redirect loop. What's the correct regexp to use?

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  • MySQL Cluster transaction isolation level - READ_COMMITTED

    - by Doori Bar
    I'm learning by mostly reading the documentation. Unfortunately, http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/set-transaction.html#isolevel_read-committed doesn't say anything, while it says everything. Confused? Me too. ndb engine supports only "READ_COMMITTED" transaction isolation level. A. It starts by saying "sets and reads its own fresh snapshot", which I translate to: The transaction is having a separated 'zone' which whatever it stores there - is what it reads back. B. While out-side of the transaction, the old-values are unlocked. C. It continues with: "for locking reads" sentence - No idea what it means. Question: they claim only READ_COMMITTED transaction isolation level is supported, but while handling a BLOB or a TEXT, they say the isolation is now "locked for reading" too. So is it a contradiction? can a transaction LOCK for reading just as well while handling something other than BLOB/TEXT? (such as integers)

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  • Red Hat Kickstart: How do I Prevent partitioning?

    - by frio
    Hey all, I'm currently working on a new virtualisation setup using Xen, and Centos for my workplace. We intend to deploy the domUs into LVM volumes. Currently, the only thing preventing this from working as smoothly as we'd like is the Kickstart script's insistence on partitioning. This is the relevant part from our current KS template (which I've been messing with): # Partitioning clearpart --all --initlabel --drives=xvda part / --size=0 --grow --ondisk=xvda --fstype=ext3 This sets up a single partition and installs to it - which would be fine, but I'd prefer if there were no partitions, and installed directly to the existing LVM (so that we could then mount the LVM from the dom0 for backup and maintenance purposes). It's possible I'm doing something wrong, and should be exporting the volume as xvda1 rather than xvda - which I'm more than happy to amend - but I'm still not sure how I'd navigate the Kickstart! I'd really appreciate any help :). Cheers in advance!

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  • How can I set an arbitrary (non default) attribute for an AD user or AD Contact?

    - by makerofthings7
    I have AD Users, or contacts that are not Exchange Mailbox users, or contacts. I also have a SSO system (Ping Identity... technology similar to Microsoft ADFS), where it leverages the AD Schema attribute: CustomAttribute1 to store information needed for SSO. This CustomAttribute1 was created by the Exchange Schema. I would like to use CustomAttribute1 for both AD Users and AD Contacts, as well as the Exchange equivalent user and contacts. Question Since the Exchange tools will only allow me to modify "Exchange" users, what is the way to modify the AD counterpart? e.g. if the following command sets a mailbox... set-mailbox -Identity [email protected] -CustomAttribute1 [email protected] -WarningAction silentlyContinue What command will allow me to update an AD user (non-mailbox) under the same schema attribute?

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  • How to make a dropdown list such that... (see details)

    - by daysandtimes
    I want to plot the stock prices of certain companies VS the S&P500. I have all the price data downloaded in my excel sheet already. I want to create a line graph in Excel. One line is fixed and that would be the S&P500, and the other would be the company I select. I know how to use data validation to create a dropdown list, but how could I make it in such a way that when I select company A, I would only see company A's price data but not company B, C, etc. Then when I select company B, I would only see company B's price data & the S&P price data. And so on. The S&P line will be visible all the time, but the various company's price line will only appear if it is selected. Is there any easy way to normalize all sets of data in a way such that the starting point is always 100?

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  • SSL encryption standards by browser

    - by hfidgen
    Hiya, Does anyone have a table of the default levels of encryption which the various browsers out there support? For instance I know that IE5 and lower struggle even to cope with 40 bit encryption but the latest browsers easily do 256 and beyond. The reason I ask is that I'm looking to get a wildcard certificate for my domain and the price difference is huge between a server gated certificate (where it enforces a minimum of 128bit) and a non-gated certificate (where the browser sets the encryption level). Obviously I like the idea of paying £300 less for the non-gated certificate, but only if I can be sure that the majority of my users (FF3 / Opera / Chrome / IE7+) are going to get good encryption.

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  • Windows Load Balancing Services and File Shares

    - by cbkadel
    We are using Windows Load Balancing Services (WLBS). One of the things that I do notice, is that if I create a File Share on one of the physical hosts, I am able browse to that file share using the clustered-ip address. This might be a 'opinion' question, but I haven't been able to find much literature on file shares in particular with wlbs. Is this a recommendation configuration? Are there any limitations? What about when the share contains different sets of content on both hosts? For instance: Three 'hostnames' - host1 (physical1), host2 (physical2), and cluster. I create the following shares: \physical1\myshare \physical2\myshare What I notice is that i can see: \cluster\myshare I'm guessing that this is read-only, and that there's no file synchronization. But what happens if they are in fact out of sync, what would a network browser see then? Thanks for your time!

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  • Hot-swapping drives

    - by user57770
    I have hot swap drives and controllers, but have never actually used the hot swap capability. What is the procedure for doing so? Do I need to warn Linux that I'm about to pull a drive out? Should I do anything after I put a drive back in? Does it make a difference whether the drive is part of a RAID set? The drives are generally RAIDed, but not always. Any RAID sets are managed by Linux, rather than the controller. The machines are running Fedora and CentOS.

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  • Error: '<method1>' and '<method2>' cannot overload each other

    - by serhio
    I override a list in VB. In C# the code compiles and looks like this: class MyObjectCollection : IList { ... /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the element at the specified index. /// </summary> public MyObject this[int index] { get { return (MyObject)innerArray[index]; } set { innerArray[index] = value; } } ... } in VB.NET I transform: Class MyObjectCollection Implements IList ... ''' <summary> ' ''' Gets or sets the element at the specified index. ' ''' </summary> ' Default Public Overrides Property Item(ByVal index As Integer) As MyObject Get Return DirectCast(innerArray(index), MyObject) End Get Set(ByVal value As MyObject) innerArray(index) = value End Set End Property ... End Class Error: 'Public Overrides Default Property Item(index As Integer) As MyObject' and 'Public Default Property Item(index As Integer) As Object' cannot overload each other because they differ only by return types Whole collection class in C# public class MyObjectCollection : IList { private ArrayList innerArray; public MyObjectCollection() { innerArray = new ArrayList(); } public int Count { get { return innerArray.Count; } } public bool IsFixedSize { get { return false; } } public bool IsReadOnly { get { return false; } } public bool IsSynchronized { get { return false; } } object ICollection.SyncRoot { get { return null; } } public MyObject this[int index] { get { return (MyObject)innerArray[index]; } set { innerArray[index] = value; } } public int Add(MyObject value) { int index = innerArray.Add(value); return index; } public void AddRange(MyObject[] array) { innerArray.AddRange(array); } public void Clear() { innerArray.Clear(); } public bool Contains(MyObject item) { return innerArray.Contains(item); } public bool Contains(string name) { foreach (MyObject spec in innerArray) if (spec.Name == name) return true; return false; } public void CopyTo(MyObject[] array) { innerArray.CopyTo(array); } public void CopyTo(MyObject[] array, int index) { innerArray.CopyTo(array, index); } public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { return innerArray.GetEnumerator(); } public int IndexOf(MyObject value) { return innerArray.IndexOf(value); } public int IndexOf(string name) { int i = 0; foreach (MyObject spec in innerArray) { if (spec.Name == name) return i; i++; } return -1; } public void Insert(int index, MyObject value) { innerArray.Insert(index, value); } public void Remove(MyObject obj) { innerArray.Remove(obj); } public void Remove(string name) { int index = IndexOf(name); RemoveAt(index); } public void RemoveAt(int index) { innerArray.RemoveAt(index); } public MyObject[] ToArray() { return (MyObject[])innerArray.ToArray(typeof(MyObject)); } #region Explicit interface implementations for ICollection and IList void ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int index) { CopyTo((MyObject[])array, index); } int IList.Add(object value) { return Add((MyObject)value); } bool IList.Contains(object obj) { return Contains((MyObject)obj); } object IList.this[int index] { get { return ((MyObjectCollection)this)[index]; } set { ((MyObjectCollection)this)[index] = (MyObject)value; } } int IList.IndexOf(object obj) { return IndexOf((MyObject)obj); } void IList.Insert(int index, object value) { Insert(index, (MyObject)value); } void IList.Remove(object value) { Remove((MyObject)value); } #endregion }

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  • Haproxy, configure for one host

    - by Michal K.
    I have to use haproxy on one machine. I want to do redirect requests from Ip to the same ip (with another port). My configuration (doesn't work): lobal maxconn 4096 # Total Max Connections. This is dependent on ulimit daemon nbproc 1 # Number of processing cores. Dual Dual-core Opteron is 4 cores for example. defaults mode http clitimeout 600000000 srvtimeout 600000000 contimeout 400000000 log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice option httpclose # Disable Keepalive listen http_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080 balance leastconn # Load Balancing algorithm acl acl_apache path_end .avi .jpeg #option httpchk option forwardfor # This sets X-Forwarded-For ## Define your servers to balance server DE2 127.0.0.1:8080 weight 1 maxconn 15 check

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  • Export policy configuration from eTrust ITM 8.1

    - by grub
    Currently we are using the Enterprise AV Solution eTrust ITM 8.1. The licenses are running out in october and we are going to replace eTrust with another AV solution. The eTrust Server is running on Windows Server 2003 SP2 with an MS SQL 2000 Standard Edition. The problem is that we've got many different policy - sets which we have to redefine in the new AV solution. Is there any way with eTrust ITM 8.1 to export the different policies as csv, pdf ... whatever? I really dont want to do that manually (that would mean one print screen after the other ;-) ) Thank you very much. grub

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  • Nagios state transition and event handler issue

    - by Dattatray
    We are using Nagios to check duplicate processes. define service { use local-service host_name xxx service_description xxx Duplicate Processes check_interval 1 max_check_attempts 1 contact_groups admins event_handler restart-dependent-processes check_command check_procs_duplicate!2!3!2!2!2 } check_procs_duplicate checks if there are any duplicate processes and returns the state - e.g. CRITICAL. The event handler kills the duplicate processes and it's dependent processes and starts one instance of the process and dependent process. At the end of this again Nagios checks if there are any duplicate processes and sets the state accordingly - OK/WARNING/CRITICAL. The event handler takes more time to start the processes and during this time if someone manually starts the process, the state will remain in CRITICAL itself. During the next interval, Nagios will again check for duplicate processes and it will find it again CRITICAL. The event handler will not get executed now, as the previos and current both the states are CRITICAL. Any pointers about how to fix this issue?

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  • Windows Licensing Question [closed]

    - by user64300
    Hi, This is a fairly simple licensing question that has me confused. We have 3 servers: SERVER1,SERVER2,SERVER3 running on Windows Server 2003. We have 25 users. Do I need to buy 75 user licenses for the users to access all the servers or can I get by with 25? If I then upgrade 1 server to Windows Server 2008, do I need to buy a new set of user licenses. If I then upgrade the other 2, do I then need to buy 2 more sets of user licenses? Sorry for the confusion!

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  • How to copy a folder with many files with integrity check?

    - by RafaelM
    I just got a new hard drive and I want to move many of the folders from the old hard drive to the new one, but I want to make sure everything is copied over correctly. I tried using md5summer to generate md5 sums of the original files, copied files over and then tried to compare md5 sums of both sets of files. This took ages because there are many large video files. Is there any software I can use to make this process as painless as possible? I just need basic file integrity checking. Thanks in advance

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  • DirectX11 CreateWICTextureFromMemory Using PNG

    - by seethru
    I've currently got textures loading using CreateWICTextureFromFile however I'd like a little more control over it, and I'd like to store images in their byte form in a resource loader. Below is just two sets of test code that return two separate results and I'm looking for any insight into a possible solution. ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv; std::basic_ifstream<unsigned char> file("image.png", std::ios::binary); file.seekg(0,std::ios::end); int length = file.tellg(); file.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); unsigned char* buffer = new unsigned char[length]; file.read(&buffer[0],length); file.close(); HRESULT hr; hr = DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemory(_D3D->GetDevice(), _D3D->GetDeviceContext(), &buffer[0], sizeof(buffer), nullptr, &srv, NULL); As a return for the above code I get Component not found. std::ifstream file; ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv; file.open("../Assets/Textures/osg.png", std::ios::binary); file.seekg(0,std::ios::end); int length = file.tellg(); file.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); std::vector<char> buffer(length); file.read(&buffer[0],length); file.close(); HRESULT hr; hr = DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemory(_D3D->GetDevice(), _D3D->GetDeviceContext(), (const uint8_t*)&buffer[0], sizeof(buffer), nullptr, &srv, NULL); The above code returns that the image format is unknown. I'm clearly doing something wrong here, any help is greatly appreciated. Tried finding anything even similar on stackoverflow, and google to no avail.

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  • OTN Developer Days - Calgary, Alberta March 18 & Atlanta, GA April 1

    - by dana.singleterry
    Discover a Faster Way to Develop Ajax -Enabled Application Based on Java and SOA Standards Get Hands-on with Oracle Jdeveloper, Oracle Application Developer Framework and Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g. You are invited to attend Oracle Technology Network (OTN) Developer Day, a free, hands-on workshop that will give you insight into how to create Ajax-enabled rich Web user interfaces and Java EE-based SOA services with ease. We'll introduce you to the development platform Oracle is using for its Fusion enterprise applications, and show you how to get up to speed with it. The workshop will get you started developing with the latest versions of Oracle JDeveloper and Oracle ADF 11g, including the Ajax-enabled ADF Faces rich client components. Thursday, March 18, 2010 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Calgary Marriott hotel 110 9th Avenue, SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 5A6 Wednesday, April 1, 2010 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Four Seasons Hotel Atlanta 75 Fourteenth Street Atlanta, Georgia 30309 This workshop is designed for developers, project managers, and architects. Whether you are currently using Java, traditional 4GL tools like Oracle Forms, PeopleTools, and Visual Basic, or just looking for a better development platform - this session is for you. Get explanation from Oracle experts, try your hands at actual development, and get a chance to win an Apple iPod Touch and Oracle prizes. Come see how Oracle can help you deliver cutting edge UIs and standard -based applications faster with the Oracle Fusion Development software stack. At this event you will: * Get to know the Oracle Fusion development architecture and strategy from Oracle's experts. * Learn the easy way to extend your existing development skill sets to incorporate new technologies and architectures that include Service-Oriented Architecture, Java EE, and Web 2.0 * Participate in hands-on labs and experience new technologies in a familiar and productive development environment with Oracle experts guidance. Click on the Register Now Calgary, Alberta to register for the Calgary event and click on the Register Now Atlanta, GA to register for the Atlanta FREE events. Don't miss your exclusive opportunity to network with your peers and discuss today's most vital application development topics with Oracle experts.

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  • Azure - Part 4 - Table Storage Service in Windows Azure

    - by Shaun
    In Windows Azure platform there are 3 storage we can use to save our data on the cloud. They are the Table, Blob and Queue. Before the Chinese New Year Microsoft announced that Azure SDK 1.1 had been released and it supports a new type of storage – Drive, which allows us to operate NTFS files on the cloud. I will cover it in the coming few posts but now I would like to talk a bit about the Table Storage.   Concept of Table Storage Service The most common development scenario is to retrieve, create, update and remove data from the data storage. In the normal way we communicate with database. When we attempt to move our application over to the cloud the most common requirement should be have a storage service. Windows Azure provides a in-build service that allow us to storage the structured data, which is called Windows Azure Table Storage Service. The data stored in the table service are like the collection of entities. And the entities are similar to rows or records in the tradtional database. An entity should had a partition key, a row key, a timestamp and set of properties. You can treat the partition key as a group name, the row key as a primary key and the timestamp as the identifer for solving the concurrency problem. Different with a table in a database, the table service does not enforce the schema for tables, which means you can have 2 entities in the same table with different property sets. The partition key is being used for the load balance of the Azure OS and the group entity transaction. As you know in the cloud you will never know which machine is hosting your application and your data. It could be moving based on the transaction weight and the number of the requests. If the Azure OS found that there are many requests connect to your Book entities with the partition key equals “Novel” it will move them to another idle machine to increase the performance. So when choosing the partition key for your entities you need to make sure they indecate the category or gourp information so that the Azure OS can perform the load balance as you wish.   Consuming the Table Although the table service looks like a database, you cannot access it through the way you are using now, neither ADO.NET nor ODBC. The table service exposed itself by ADO.NET Data Service protocol, which allows you can consume it through the RESTful style by Http requests. The Azure SDK provides a sets of classes for us to connect it. There are 2 classes we might need: TableServiceContext and TableServiceEntity. The TableServiceContext inherited from the DataServiceContext, which represents the runtime context of the ADO.NET data service. It provides 4 methods mainly used by us: CreateQuery: It will create a IQueryable instance from a given type of entity. AddObject: Add the specified entity into Table Service. UpdateObject: Update an existing entity in the Table Service. DeleteObject: Delete an entity from the Table Service. Beofre you operate the table service you need to provide the valid account information. It’s something like the connect string of the database but with your account name and the account key when you created the storage service on the Windows Azure Development Portal. After getting the CloudStorageAccount you can create the CloudTableClient instance which provides a set of methods for using the table service. A very useful method would be CreateTableIfNotExist. It will create the table container for you if it’s not exsited. And then you can operate the eneities to that table through the methods I mentioned above. Let me explain a bit more through an exmaple. We always like code rather than sentence.   Straightforward Accessing to the Table Here I would like to build a WCF service on the Windows Azure platform, and for now just one requirement: it would allow the client to create an account entity on the table service. The WCF service would have a method named Register and accept an instance of the account which the client wants to create. After perform some validation it will add the entity into the table service. So the first thing I should do is to create a Cloud Application on my VIstial Studio 2010 RC. (The Azure SDK 1.1 only supports VS2008 and VS2010 RC.) The solution should be like this below. Then I added a configuration items for the storage account through the Settings section under the cloud project. (Double click the Services file under Roles folder and navigate to the Setting section.) This setting will be used when to retrieve my storage account information. Since for now I just in the development phase I will select “UseDevelopmentStorage=true”. And then I navigated to the WebRole.cs file under my WCF project. If you have read my previous posts you would know that this file defines the process when the application start, and terminate on the cloud. What I need to do is to when the application start, set the configuration publisher to load my config file with the config name I specified. So the code would be like below. I removed the original service and contract created by the VS template and add my IAccountService contract and its implementation class - AccountService. And I add the service method Register with the parameters: email, password and it will return a boolean value to indicates the result which is very simple. At this moment if I press F5 the application will be established on my local development fabric and I can see my service runs well through the browser. Let’s implement the service method Rigister, add a new entity to the table service. As I said before the entities you want to store in the table service must have 3 properties: partition key, row key and timespan. You can create a class with these 3 properties. The Azure SDK provides us a base class for that named TableServiceEntity in Microsoft.WindowsAzure.StorageClient namespace. So what we need to do is more simply, create a class named Account and let it derived from the TableServiceEntity. And I need to add my own properties: Email, Password, DateCreated and DateDeleted. The DateDeleted is a nullable date time value to indecate whether this entity had been deleted and when. Do you notice that I missed something here? Yes it’s the partition key and row key I didn’t assigned. The TableServiceEntity base class defined 2 constructors one was a parameter-less constructor which will be used to fill values into the properties from the table service when retrieving data. The other was one with 2 parameters: partition key and row key. As I said below the partition key may affect the load balance and the row key must be unique so here I would like to use the email as the parition key and the email plus a Guid as the row key. OK now we finished the entity class we need to store onto the table service. The next step is to create a data access class for us to add it. Azure SDK gives us a base class for it named TableServiceContext as I mentioned below. So let’s create a class for operate the Account entities. The TableServiceContext need the storage account information for its constructor. It’s the combination of the storage service URI that we will create on Windows Azure platform, and the relevant account name and key. The TableServiceContext will use this information to find the related address and verify the account to operate the storage entities. Hence in my AccountDataContext class I need to override this constructor and pass the storage account into it. All entities will be saved in the table storage with one or many tables which we call them “table containers”. Before we operate an entity we need to make sure that the table container had been created on the storage. There’s a method we can use for that: CloudTableClient.CreateTableIfNotExist. So in the constructor I will perform it firstly to make sure all method will be invoked after the table had been created. Notice that I passed the storage account enpoint URI and the credentials to specify where my storage is located and who am I. Another advise is that, make your entity class name as the same as the table name when create the table. It will increase the performance when you operate it over the cloud especially querying. Since the Register WCF method will add a new account into the table service, here I will create a relevant method to add the account entity. Before implement, I should add a reference - System.Data.Services.Client to the project. This reference provides some common method within the ADO.NET Data Service which can be used in the Windows Azure Table Service. I will use its AddObject method to create my account entity. Since the table service are not fully implemented the ADO.NET Data Service, there are some methods in the System.Data.Services.Client that TableServiceContext doesn’t support, such as AddLinks, etc. Then I implemented the serivce method to add the account entity through the AccountDataContext. You can see in the service implmentation I load the storage account information through my configuration file and created the account table entity from the parameters. Then I created the AccountDataContext. If it’s my first time to invoke this method the constructor of the AccountDataContext will create a table container for me. Then I use Add method to add the account entity into the table. Next, let’s create a farely simple client application to test this service. I created a windows console application and added a service reference to my WCF service. The metadata information of the WCF service cannot be retrieved if it’s deployed on the Windows Azure even though the <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> had been set. If we need to get its metadata we can deploy it on the local development service and then changed the endpoint to the address which is on the cloud. In the client side app.config file I specified the endpoint to the local development fabric address. And the just implement the client to let me input an email and a password then invoke the WCF service to add my acocunt. Let’s run my application and see the result. Of course it should return TRUE to me. And in the local SQL Express I can see the data had been saved in the table.   Summary In this post I explained more about the Windows Azure Table Storage Service. I also created a small application for demostration of how to connect and consume it through the ADO.NET Data Service Managed Library provided within the Azure SDK. I only show how to create an eneity in the storage service. In the next post I would like to explain about how to query the entities with conditions thruogh LINQ. I also would like to refactor my AccountDataContext class to make it dyamic for any kinds of entities.   Hope this helps, Shaun   All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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  • What is Linq?

    - by Aamir Hasan
    The way data can be retrieved in .NET. LINQ provides a uniform way to retrieve data from any object that implements the IEnumerable<T> interface. With LINQ, arrays, collections, relational data, and XML are all potential data sources. Why LINQ?With LINQ, you can use the same syntax to retrieve data from any data source:var query = from e in employeeswhere e.id == 1select e.nameThe middle level represents the three main parts of the LINQ project: LINQ to Objects is an API that provides methods that represent a set of standard query operators (SQOs) to retrieve data from any object whose class implements the IEnumerable<T> interface. These queries are performed against in-memory data.LINQ to ADO.NET augments SQOs to work against relational data. It is composed of three parts.LINQ to SQL (formerly DLinq) is use to query relational databases such as Microsoft SQL Server. LINQ to DataSet supports queries by using ADO.NET data sets and data tables. LINQ to Entities is a Microsoft ORM solution, allowing developers to use Entities (an ADO.NET 3.0 feature) to declaratively specify the structure of business objects and use LINQ to query them. LINQ to XML (formerly XLinq) not only augments SQOs but also includes a host of XML-specific features for XML document creation and queries. What You Need to Use LINQLINQ is a combination of extensions to .NET languages and class libraries that support them. To use it, you’ll need the following: Obviously LINQ, which is available from the new Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 that you can download at http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=7755937.You can speed up your application development time with LINQ using Visual Studio 2008, which offers visual tools such as LINQ to SQL designer and the Intellisense  support with LINQ’s syntax.Optionally, you can download the Visual C# 2008 Expression Edition tool at www.microsoft.com/vstudio/express/download. It is the free edition of Visual Studio 2008 and offers a lot of LINQ support such as Intellisense and LINQ to SQL designer. To use LINQ to ADO.NET, you need SQL

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  • SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Part 2

    - by SQLOS Team
    Part 1 of this series was an introduction and overview of Hyper-V Dynamic Memory. This part looks at SQL Server memory management and how the SQL engine responds to changing OS memory conditions.   Part 2: SQL Server Memory Management As with any Windows process, sqlserver.exe has a virtual address space (VAS) of 4GB on 32-bit and 8TB in 64-bit editions. Pages in its VAS are mapped to pages in physical memory when the memory is committed and referenced for the first time. The collection of VAS pages that have been recently referenced is known as the Working Set. How and when SQL Server allocates virtual memory and grows its working set depends on the memory model it uses. SQL Server supports three basic memory models:   1. Conventional Memory Model   The Conventional model is the default SQL Server memory model and has the following properties: - Dynamic - can grow or shrink its working set in response to load and external (operating system) memory conditions. - OS uses 4K pages – (not to be confused with SQL Server “pages” which are 8K regions of committed memory).- Pageable - Can be paged out to disk by the operating system.   2. Locked Page Model The locked page memory model is set when SQL Server is started with "Lock Pages in Memory" privilege*. It has the following characteristics: - Dynamic - can grow or shrink its working set in the same way as the Conventional model.- OS uses 4K pages - Non-Pageable – When memory is committed it is locked in memory, meaning that it will remain backed by physical memory and will not be paged out by the operating system. A common misconception is to interpret "locked" as non-dynamic. A SQL Server instance using the locked page memory model will grow and shrink (allocate memory and release memory) in response to changing workload and OS memory conditions in the same way as it does with the conventional model.   This is an important consideration when we look at Hyper-V Dynamic Memory – “locked” memory works perfectly well with “dynamic” memory.   * Note in “Denali” (Standard Edition and above), and in SQL 2008 R2 64-bit (Enterprise and above editions) the Lock Pages in Memory privilege is all that is required to set this model. In 2008 R2 64-Bit standard edition it also requires trace flag 845 to be set, in 2008 R2 32-bit editions it requires sp_configure 'awe enabled' 1.   3. Large Page Model The Large page model is set using trace flag 834 and potentially offers a small performance boost for systems that are configured with large pages. It is characterized by: - Static - memory is allocated at startup and does not change. - OS uses large (>2MB) pages - Non-Pageable The large page model is supported with Hyper-V Dynamic Memory (and Hyper-V also supports large pages), but you get no benefit from using Dynamic Memory with this model since SQL Server memory does not grow or shrink. The rest of this article will focus on the locked and conventional SQL Server memory models.   When does SQL Server grow? For “dynamic” configurations (Conventional and Locked memory models), the sqlservr.exe process grows – allocates and commits memory from the OS – in response to a workload. As much memory is allocated as is required to optimally run the query and buffer data for future queries, subject to limitations imposed by:   - SQL Server max server memory setting. If this configuration option is set, the buffer pool is not allowed to grow to more than this value. In SQL Server 2008 this value represents single page allocations, and in “Denali” it represents any size page allocations and also managed CLR procedure allocations.   - Memory signals from OS. The operating system sets a signal on memory resource notification objects to indicate whether it has memory available or whether it is low on available memory. If there is only 32MB free for every 4GB of memory a low memory signal is set, which continues until 64MB/4GB is free. If there is 96MB/4GB free the operating system sets a high memory signal. SQL Server only allocates memory when the high memory signal is set.   To summarize, for SQL Server to grow you need three conditions: a workload, max server memory setting higher than the current allocation, high memory signals from the OS.    When does SQL Server shrink caches? SQL Server as a rule does not like to return memory to the OS, but it will shrink its caches in response to memory pressure. Memory pressure can be divided into “internal” and “external”.   - External memory pressure occurs when the operating system is running low on memory and low memory signals are set. The SQL Server Resource Monitor checks for low memory signals approximately every 5 seconds and it will attempt to free memory until the signals stop.   To free memory SQL Server does the following: ·         Frees unused memory. ·         Notifies Memory Manager Clients to release memory o   Caches – Free unreferenced cache objects. o   Buffer pool - Based on oldest access times.   The freed memory is released back to the operating system. This process continues until the low memory resource notifications stop.    - Internal memory pressure occurs when the size of different caches and allocations increase but the SQL Server process needs to keep its total memory within a target value. For example if max server memory is set and certain caches are growing large, it will cause SQL to free memory for re-use internally, but not to release memory back to the OS. If you lower the value of max server memory you will generate internal memory pressure that will cause SQL to release memory back to the OS.    Memory pressure handling has not changed much since SQL 2005 and it was described in detail in a blog post by Slava Oks.   Note that SQL Server Express is an exception to the above behavior. Unlike other editions it does not assume it is the most important process running on the system but tries to be more “desktop” friendly. It will empty its working set after a period of inactivity.   How does SQL Server respond to changing OS memory?    In SQL Server 2005 support for Hot-Add memory was introduced. This feature, available in Enterprise and above editions, allows the server to make use of any extra physical memory that was added after SQL Server started. Being able to add physical memory when the system is running is limited to specialized hardware, but with the Hyper-V Dynamic Memory feature, when new memory is allocated to a guest virtual machine, it looks like hot-add physical memory to the guest. What this means is that thanks to the hot-add memory feature, SQL Server 2005 and higher can dynamically grow if more “physical” memory is granted to a guest VM by Hyper-V dynamic memory.   SQL Server checks OS memory every second and dynamically adjusts its “target” (based on available OS memory and max server memory) accordingly.   In “Denali” Standard Edition will also have sqlserver.exe support for hot-add memory when running virtualized (i.e. detecting and acting on Hyper-V Dynamic Memory allocations).   How does a SQL Server workload in a guest VM impact Hyper-V dynamic memory scheduling?   When a SQL workload causes the sqlserver.exe process to grow its working set, the Hyper-V memory scheduler will detect memory pressure in the guest VM and add memory to it. SQL Server will then detect the extra memory and grow according to workload demand. In our tests we have seen this feedback process cause a guest VM to grow quickly in response to SQL workload - we are still working on characterizing this ramp-up.    How does SQL Server respond when Hyper-V removes memory from a guest VM through ballooning?   If pressure from other VM's cause Hyper-V Dynamic Memory to take memory away from a VM through ballooning (allocating memory with a virtual device driver and returning it to the host OS), Windows Memory Manager will page out unlocked portions of memory and signal low resource notification events. When SQL Server detects these events it will shrink memory until the low memory notifications stop (see cache shrinking description above).    This raises another question. Can we make SQL Server release memory more readily and hence behave more "dynamically" without compromising performance? In certain circumstances where the application workload is predictable it may be possible to have a job which varies "max server memory" according to need, lowering it when the engine is inactive and raising it before a period of activity. This would have limited applicaability but it is something we're looking into.   What Memory Management changes are there in SQL Server “Denali”?   In SQL Server “Denali” (aka SQL11) the Memory Manager has been re-written to be more efficient. The main changes are summarized in this post. An important change with respect to Hyper-V Dynamic Memory support is that now the max server memory setting includes any size page allocations and managed CLR procedure allocations it now represents a closer approximation to total sqlserver.exe memory usage. This makes it easier to calculate a value for max server memory, which becomes important when configuring virtual machines to work well with Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Startup and Maximum RAM settings.   Another important change is no more AWE or hot-add support for 32-bit edition. This means if you're running a 32-bit edition of Denali you're limited to a 4GB address space and will not be able to take advantage of dynamically added OS memory that wasn't present when SQL Server started (though Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is still a supported configuration).   In part 3 we’ll develop some best practices for configuring and using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory. Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • Update on ASP.NET MVC 3 RC2 (and a workaround for a bug in it)

    - by ScottGu
    Last week we published the RC2 build of ASP.NET MVC 3.  I blogged a bunch of details about it here. One of the reasons we publish release candidates is to help find those last “hard to find” bugs. So far we haven’t seen many issues reported with the RC2 release (which is good) - although we have seen a few reports of a metadata caching bug that manifests itself in at least two scenarios: Nullable parameters in action methods have problems: When you have a controller action method with a nullable parameter (like int? – or a complex type that has a nullable sub-property), the nullable parameter might always end up being null - even when the request contains a valid value for the parameter. [AllowHtml] doesn’t allow HTML in model binding: When you decorate a model property with an [AllowHtml] attribute (to turn off HTML injection protection), the model binding still fails when HTML content is posted to it. Both of these issues are caused by an over-eager caching optimization we introduced very late in the RC2 milestone.  This issue will be fixed for the final ASP.NET MVC 3 release.  Below is a workaround step you can implement to fix it today. Workaround You Can Use Today You can fix the above issues with the current ASP.NT MVC 3 RC2 release by adding one line of code to the Application_Start() event handler within the Global.asax class of your application: The above code sets the ModelMetaDataProviders.Current property to use the DataAnnotationsModelMetadataProvider.  This causes ASP.NET MVC 3 to use a meta-data provider implementation that doesn’t have the more aggressive caching logic we introduced late in the RC2 release, and prevents the caching issues that cause the above issues to occur.  You don’t need to change any other code within your application.  Once you make this change the above issues are fixed.  You won’t need to have this line of code within your applications once the final ASP.NET MVC 3 release ships (although keeping it in also won’t cause any problems). Hope this helps – and please keep any reports of issues coming our way, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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  • Is there a way to track data structure dependencies from the database, through the tiers, all the way out to a web page?

    - by Sean Mickey
    When we design applications, we generally end up with the same tiered sets of data structures: A persistent data structure that is described using DDL and implemented as RDBMS tables and columns. A set of domain objects that consist primarily of data structures, usually combined with business-rule level logic, that are implemented in a programming language such as Java. A set of service layer interfaces that directly support use case implementations (which use the domain data structures as parameters), implemented as EJBs or something equivalent in another programming language. UI screens that allow users to C reate, R etrieve, U pdate, and (maybe) D elete all manner of data structures and graphs of data structures, with numerous screens and with multiple UI widgets, all structured to support the same data structures. But if you want to change the data structures in any of these tiers, it always seems extremely difficult to assess the impact(s) the change will have across the application. UML can help, but tracing through diagram after diagram is not a real solution to this problem. The best I have ever seen was a homespun data tracking spreadsheet document that listed all of the data structures and walked the relationships from tier-to-tier. Is there a tool or accepted approach that makes it easy to identify a data structure in any tier and easily obtain a list of all dependent: database table and column data structures domain object data structures service layer interface methods and parameter data structures screen & UI component data structures

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  • Formatting Keywords to UPPERCASE In Oracle SQL Developer

    - by thatjeffsmith
    I received this question from a customer today, and it took me more than a few minutes to remember where this preference was located in SQL Developer. This tells me that the topic is ripe for blogging How do I go FROM: select * from scott.emp where ename like '%JEFF%' TO SELECT * FROM scott.emp WHERE ename LIKE '%JEFF%' It’s all in the formatting You need to access the formatting preferences under the Tools menu. It takes a bit of navigating to get there, so bear with me: Tools Database SQL Formatter Oracle Formatting Click ‘Edit’ on the profile Other Case change: ‘Keywords Uppercase’ It’s easy to find once you know where to look? You can tell it to leave the case alone, upper everything, upper only the keywords, lower everything. Accessing the Formatter Options We allow separate formatting options for different RDBMS. You need to make sure you’re accessing the ‘Oracle Formatting’ page in the preferences. You can then choose to edit the default options OR you can do what I have done – save the defaults as a new set of options. I’ve called my profile ‘JeffCustom.’ I can now switch back and forth now through different sets of formatting options. You need to hit the ‘Edit’ button to get to the formatting options editor. A good number of people seem to miss this. Select your profile, then hit the ‘Edit’ button

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  • Idea for a physics–computer science joint curriculum and textbook

    - by Ami
    (I apologize in advance if this question is off topic or too vague) I want to write (and have starting outlining) a physics textbook which assumes its reader is a competent computer programmer. Normal physics textbooks teach physical formulas and give problems that are solved with pen, paper and calculator. I want to provide a book that emphasizes computational physics, how computers can model physical systems and gives problems of the kind: write a program that can solve a set of physics problems based on user input. Third party open source libraries would be used to handle most of the computation and I want to use a high-level language like Java or C#. Besides the fact I'd enjoy working on this, I think a physics-computer science joint curriculum should be offered in schools and this is part of a large agenda to make this happen. I think physics students (like myself) should be learning how to use and leverage computers to solve abstract problems and sets of problems. I think programming languages should be thought of as a useful medium for engaging in many areas of inquiry. Is this an idea worth pursuing? Is the merger of these two subjects in the form of an undergraduate college curriculum feasible? Are there any specific tools I should be leveraging or pitfalls I should be aware of? Has anyone heard of college courses or otherwise that assume this methodology? Are there any books/textbooks out there like the one I'm describing (for physics or any other subject)?

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  • Vision, Integration, Ability—Oracle is once again positioned as an E-Commerce Leader

    - by Jeri Kelley
    The new Gartner report is the fifth successive Magic Quadrant for E-Commerce to position Oracle as a leader. We’re proud of the result, but we’re not too surprised. Oracle Commerce’s functionality is uniquely aligned with a number of the major market trends Gartner describes in its report: from customers ‘expecting a seamless buying experience across all channels’, to organizations seeking to consolidate ‘B2B and B2C applications with a single underlying platform’. What we think sets Oracle Commerce apart Why are we a leader? We believe the key strengths of Oracle Commerce include: Outstanding Scalability and VersatilityOracle has a long and enviable track record of delivering B2B and B2C e-commerce solutions, and the Oracle Commerce solution supports a broad range of vertical industries – from retail to telecom, and manufacturing to distribution. Additionally, Oracle Commerce is engineered to scale simply and quickly to meet the changing needs of the enterprise. Oracle IntegrationOur commitment to seamless solutions integration allows customers to get the most from our ever evolving range of e-commerce and CX products—and deliver consistent, relevant, and personalized cross-channel buying experiences that drive customer satisfaction, and boost revenue. Experience and VisionOracle has a long and impressive history of delivering B2B and B2C e-commerce solutions to the world’s best brands. We’re constantly putting this experience to good use, and making our solutions even smarter. With powerful merchandising and business tools, and advanced promotions capabilities, Oracle Commerce is one of the most forward-thinking e-commerce solutions around. Read the reportYou can read Gartner’s full report here, or click here to find out more about our celebrated platform.

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  • Frederick .NET User Group June 2010 Meeting

    - by John Blumenauer
    FredNUG is pleased to announce our June speaker will be Pete Brown.  Pete was one FredNUG’s first speakers when the group started and we’re very happy to have him visiting us again to present on Silverlight!  On June 15th @ 6:30 PM, we’ll start with a Visual Studio 2010 Launch with pizza, swag and a presentation about what makes Visual Studio 2010 great.  Then, starting at 7 PM, Pete Brown will present “What’s New in Silverlight 4.”  It looks like a evening filled with newness!   The scheduled agenda is:   6:30 PM - 7:15 PM – Visual Studio 2010 Launch Event plus Pizza/Social Networking/Announcements 7:15 PM - 8:30 PM - Main Topic: What’s New in Silverlight 4 with Pete Brown  Main Topic:  What’s New in Silverlight 4? Speaker Bio: Pete Brown is a Senior Program Manager with Microsoft on the developer community team led by Scott Hanselman, as well as a former Microsoft Silverlight MVP, INETA speaker, and RIA Architect for Applied Information Sciences, where he worked for over 13 years. Pete's focus at Microsoft is the community around client application development (WPF, Silverlight, Windows Phone, Surface, Windows Forms, C++, Native Windows API and more). From his first sprite graphics and custom character sets on the Commodore 64 to 3d modeling and design through to Silverlight, Surface, XNA, and WPF, Pete has always had a deep interest in programming, design, and user experience. His involvement in Silverlight goes back to the Silverlight 1.1 alpha application that he co-wrote and put into production in July 2007. Pete has been programming for fun since 1984, and professionally since 1992. In his spare time, Pete enjoys programming, blogging, designing and building his own woodworking projects and raising his two children with his wife in the suburbs of Maryland. Pete's site and blog is at 10rem.net, and you can follow him on Twitter at http://twitter.com/pete_brown Twitter: http://twitter.com/pete_brown Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pmbrown Pete is a founding member of the CapArea .NET Silverlight SIG. (Visit the CapArea. NET Silverlight SIG here )    8:30 PM - 8:45 PM – RAFFLE! Please join us and get involved in our .NET developers community!

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