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• any faster alternative??

  - by kaushik

  I have to read a file from a particular line number and i know the line number say "n": i have been thinking of two choice: 1)for i in range(n) fname.readline() k=readline() print k 2)i=0 for line in fname: dictionary[i]=line i=i+1 but i want to know faster alternative as i might have to perform this on different files 20000 times. is there is any other better alternatives?? thanking u

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• any faster alternative??

  - by kaushik

  cost=0 for i in range(12): cost=cost+math.pow(float(float(q[i])-float(w[i])),2) cost=(math.sqrt(cost)) Any faster alternative to this? i am need to improve my entire code so trying to improve each statements performance. thanking u

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• Django finding which field matched in a multiple OR query

  - by Greg Hinch

  I've got a couple models which are set up something like this: class Bar(models.Model): baz = models.CharField() class Foo(models.Model): bar1 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar2 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar3 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) And elsewhere in the code, I end up with an instance of Bar, and need to find the Foo it is attached to in some capacity. Right now I came up with doing a multiple OR query using Q, something like this: foo_inst = Foo.objects.get(Q(bar1=bar_inst) | Q(bar2=bar_inst) | Q(bar3=bar_inst)) What I need to figure out is, which of the 3 cases actually hit, at least the name of the member (bar1, bar2, or bar3). Is there a good way to do this? Is there a better way to structure the query to glean that information?

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• How do I represent many to many relation in the form of Google App Engine?

  - by Jacky

  class Entry(db.Model): ... class Tag(db.Model): ... class EntryTag(db.Model): entry = db.ReferenceProperty(Entry, required=True, collection_name='tag_set') tag = db.ReferenceProperty(Tag, required=True, collection_name='entry_set') The template should be {{form.as_table}} The question is how to make a form to create Entry where I can choose to add some of the tags ?

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• SQLAlchemy: who is in charge of the "session"? ( and how to unit-test with sessions )

  - by Nick Perkins

  I need some guidance on how to use session objects with SQLAlchemy, and how to organize Unit Tests of my mapped objects. What I would like to able to do is something like this: thing = BigThing() # mapped object child = thing.new_child() # create and return a related object thing.save() # will also save the child object In order to achieve this, I was thinking of having the BigThing actually add itself ( and it's children ) to the database -- but maybe this not a good idea? One reason to add objects as soon as possible is Automatic id values that are assigned by the database -- the sooner they are available, the fewer problems there are ( right? ) What is the best way to manage session objects? Who is in charge of the session? Should it be created only when required? or saved for a long time? What about Unit Tests for my mapped objects?...how should the session be handled? Is it ever OK to have mapped objects just automatically add themselves to a database? or is that going to lead to trouble?

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• Matching First Alphanumeric Character skipping (The |An? )

  - by TheLizardKing

  I have a list of artists, albums and tracks that I want to sort using the first letter of their respective name. The issue arrives when I want to ignore "The ", "A ", "An " and other various non-alphanumeric characters (Talking to you "Weird Al" Yankovic and [dialog]). Django has a nice start '^(An?|The) +' but I want to ignore those and a few others of my choice. I am doing this in Django, using a MySQL db with utf8_bin collation. EDIT Well my fault for not mentioning this but the database I am accessing is pretty much ready only. It's created and maintained by Amarok and I can't alter it without a whole mess of issues. That being said the artist table has The Chemical Brothers listed as The Chemical Brothers so I think I am stuck here. It probably will be slow but that's not so much of a concern for me as it's a personal project.

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• Conditional row coloring in a PocketPyGUI table (PythonCE)

  - by PabloG

  I'm working on a an PythonCE application, using the PocketPyGUI toolkit. I'm using the gui.Table control to display a large list of choices (addresses, codes and data associated), and I want to assign a different color to the rows that have been completed. Is there any way to colorize the rows given certain conditions? TIA, Pablo

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• Sqlalchemy layout with WSGI application

  - by TheDude

  I'm working on writing a small WSGI application using Bottle and SqlAlchemy and am confused on how the "layout" of my application should be in terms of SqlAlchemy. My confusion is with creating engines and sessions. My understanding is that I should only create one engine with the 'create_engine' method. Should I be creating an engine instance in the global namespace in some sort of singleton pattern and creating sessions based off of it? How have you done this in your projects? Any insight would be appreciated. The examples in the documentation dont seem to make this entirely clear (unless I'm missing something obvious). Any thoughts?

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• sqlite3 'database is locked' won't go away with retries

  - by Azarias

  I have a sqlite3 database that is accessed by a few threads (3-4). I am aware of the general limitations of sqlite3 with regards to concurrency as stated http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q6 , but I am convinced that is not the problem. All of the threads both read and write from this database. Whenever I do a write, I have the following construct: try: Cursor.execute(q, params) Connection.commit() except sqlite3.IntegrityError: Notify except sqlite3.OperationalError: print sys.exc_info() print("DATABASE LOCKED; sleeping for 3 seconds and trying again") time.sleep(3) Retry On some runs, I won't even hit this block, but when I do, it never comes out of it (keeps retrying, but I keep getting the 'database is locked' error from exc_info. If I understand the reader/writer lock usage correctly, some amount of waiting should help with the contention. What this sounds like is deadlock, but I do not use any transactions in my code, and every SELECT or INSERT is simply a one off. Some threads, however, keep the same connection when they do their operation (which includes a mix of SELECTS and INSERTS and other modifiers). I would appericiate it if you could shade a light on this, and also ways around fixing it (besides using a different database engine.)

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• Numpy Matrix keeps giving me an Error,

  - by uberjumper

  Okay this is werid, i keep getting the error, randomly. ValueError: matrix must be 2-dimensional So i tracked it down, and cornered it to basically something like this: a_list = [[(1,100) for _ in range(32)] for _ in range(32)] numpy.matrix(a_list) Whats wrong with this? If i print a_list it is clearly a 2d matrix of tuples, however numpy does not believe so.

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• Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

  - by Charles Duffy

  Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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• Will this SQL screw up

  - by Joshua

  I'm sure everyone knows the joys of concurrency when it comes to threading. Imagine the following scenario on every page-load on a noobily set up MySQL db: UPDATE stats SET visits = (visits+1) If a thousand users load the page at same time, will the count screw up? is this that table locking/row locking crap? Which one mysql use.

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• Right way to return proxy model instance from a base model instance in Django ?

  - by sotangochips

  Say I have models: class Animal(models.Model): type = models.CharField(max_length=255) class Dog(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Woof!" class Meta: proxy = True class Cat(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Meow!" class Meta: proxy = True Let's say I want to do: animals = Animal.objects.all() for animal in animals: animal.make_sound() I want to get back a series of Woofs and Meows. Clearly, I could just define a make_sound in the original model that forks based on animal_type, but then every time I add a new animal type (imagine they're in different apps), I'd have to go in and edit that make_sound function. I'd rather just define proxy models and have them define the behavior themselves. From what I can tell, there's no way of returning mixed Cat or Dog instances, but I figured maybe I could define a "get_proxy_model" method on the main class that returns a cat or a dog model. Surely you could do this, and pass something like the primary key and then just do Cat.objects.get(pk = passed_in_primary_key). But that'd mean doing an extra query for data you already have which seems redundant. Is there any way to turn an animal into a cat or a dog instance in an efficient way? What's the right way to do what I want to achieve?

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• How to write data by dynamic parameter name

  - by Maxim Welikobratov

  I need to be able to write data to datastore of google-app-engine for some known entity. But I don't want write assignment code for each parameter of the entity. I meen, I don't want do like this val_1 = self.request.get('prop_1') val_2 = self.request.get('prop_2') ... val_N = self.request.get('prop_N') item.prop_1 = val_1 item.prop_2 = val_2 ... item.prop_N = val_N item.put() instead, I want to do something like this args = self.request.arguments() for prop_name in args: item.set(prop_name, self.request.get(prop_name)) item.put() dose anybody know how to do this trick?

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• Apache + Mod_wsgi returning 502 Bad Gateway!

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, I'm serving Django with mod_wsgi and Apache... unfortunately requests are returning 502 Bad Gateway error messages... Received a invalid response HttpResponse('OK') is affected by this render_to_response('...') is not! any ideas?!?

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• How do I create a Status Icon / System Tray Icon with custom text and transparent background using P

  - by Raugturi

  Here is the code that I have so far to define the icon: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, w, h) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) This works to get the png into the icon, but falls short in two areas. First, transparency is not working. If I use a 22x22 png with transparent background and the image centered, I end up with sections of other active icons showing up inside of mine, like this: http://i237.photobucket.com/albums/ff311/Raugturi/22x22_image_with_transparency.png The icon it choose to steal from is somewhat random. Sometimes it's part of the dropbox icon, others the NetworkManager Applet. If I instead use this code: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, 22, 22) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 3, 6, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) And an image that is only 16x11 with the transparent edges removed, what I end up with is this: Same URL but file is 16x11_image_positioned_in_middle.png So how do I end up with a transparent block like the 1st one that doesn't pull in stuff from other icons? As for the second problem, I need the ability to write on the image before converting it to the icon. I tried using draw_glyphs and it told me I should be using Pango layout/context instead. Unfortunately all the Pango tutorials I could find deal with actual windows, not the status icon. Is there a good tutorial out there for Pango that would apply to this issue (and also maybe have at least some explanation of how to tell it what font to use as all of them that I found seem to lack this and it won't write anything without it). Note: Sorry for the lack of actual images and only one working link, apparently this is a spam prevention feature due to my lack of reputation.

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• How to set a __str__ method for all ctype Structure classes?

  - by Reuben Thomas

  [Since asking this question, I've found: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~gb/blog/2007/02/11/ctypes-tricks/ which gives a good answer.] I just wrote a __str__ method for a ctype-generated Structure class 'foo' thus: def foo_to_str(self): s = [] for i in foo._fields_: s.append('{}: {}'.format(i[0], foo.\_\_getattribute__(self, i[0]))) return '\n'.join(s) foo.\_\_str__ = foo_to_str But this is a fairly natural way to produce a __str__ method for any Structure class. How can I add this method directly to the Structure class, so that all Structure classes generated by ctypes get it? (I am using the h2xml and xml2py scripts to auto-generate ctypes code, and this offers no obvious way to change the names of the classes output, so simply subclassing Structure, Union &c. and adding my __str__ method there would involve post-processing the output of xml2py.)

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• How can I begin with Tkinter?

  - by Charlie Epps

  I'm beginner for the GUI programing using Tkinter, so who can tell me some useful sample codes which contains some useful codes.

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• How to query a CGI based webserver from an app written in MFC (MSVC 2008) and process the result?

  - by shan23

  Hi, I am exploring the option of querying a web-page, which has a CGI script running on its end, with a search string (say in the form of http://sw.mycompany.com/~tools/cgi-bin/script.cgi?param1=value1&param2=value2&param3=value3 ), and displaying the result on my app (after due processing of course). My app is written in MFC C++ , and I must confess that I have never attempted anything related to network programming before. Is what I'm trying to do very infeasible ? If not, could anyone point me at the resources I need to look at in order to go about this ? Thanks !

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• Clean Method for a ModelForm in a ModelFormSet made by modelformset_factory

  - by Salyangoz

  I was wondering if my approach is right or not. Assuming the Restaurant model has only a name. forms.py class BaseRestaurantOpinionForm(forms.ModelForm): opinion = forms.ChoiceField(choices=(('yes', 'yes'), ('no', 'no'), ('meh', 'meh')), required=False, )) class Meta: model = Restaurant fields = ['opinion'] views.py class RestaurantVoteListView(ListView): queryset = Restaurant.objects.all() template_name = "restaurants/list.html" def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): if request.POST: queryset = self.request.POST.dict() #clean here return HttpResponse(json.dumps(queryset), content_type="application/json") def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(EligibleRestaurantsListView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) RestaurantFormSet = modelformset_factory( Restaurant,form=BaseRestaurantOpinionForm ) extra_context = { 'eligible_restaurants' : self.get_eligible_restaurants(), 'forms' : RestaurantFormSet(), } context.update(extra_context) return context Basically I'll be getting 3 voting buttons for each restaurant and then I want to read the votes. I was wondering from where/which clean function do I need to call to get something like: { ('3' : 'yes'), ('2' : 'no') } #{ 'restaurant_id' : 'vote' } This is my second/third question so tell me if I'm being unclear. Thanks.

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• slicing 2d numpy array

  - by MedicalMath

  I have a 2d numpy array called FilteredOutput that has 2 columns and 10001 rows, though the number of rows is a variable. I am trying to take the 2nd column of FilteredOutput and use it to populate a new 1d numpy array called timeSeriesArray using the following line of code: timeSeriesArray=p.array(FilteredOutput[:,0]) I got this syntax from the following link. But the problem is that I am getting the following error message: TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple Can anyone show me the proper syntax for populating the 1d array timeSeriesArray with the contents of the second column of the 2d array FilteredOutput?

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• Which torrent client has command line arguments to start/stop downloads?

  - by virpara

  first of all, I want to create shell script to start/stop downloads in torrent client. I don't need CLI but if you know how I can do that with CLI using shell script then it is okay. I use jDownloader which is GUI based application but has some command line arguments as below which I use to start/stop download. -h/--help Show this help message -a/--add-link(s) Add links -co/--add-container(s) Add containers -d/--start-download Start download -D/--stop-download Stop download -H/--hide Don't open Linkgrabber when adding Links -m/--minimize Minimize download window -f/--focus Get jD to foreground/focus -s/--show Show JAC prepared captchas -t/--train Train a JAC method -r/--reconnect Perform a Reconnect -C/--captcha <filepath or url> <method> Get code from image using JAntiCaptcha -p/--add-password(s) Add passwords -n --new-instance Force new instance if another jD is running So I can easily start/stop download as follows, jdownloader --start-download jdownloader --stop-download now I want torrent client to do that through shell script.

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• Testing InlineFormset clean methods

  - by Rory

  I have a Django project, with 2 models, a Structure and Bracket, the Bracket has a ForeignKey to a Structure (i.e. one-to-many, one Structure has many Brackets). I created a TabularInline for the admin site, so that there would be a table of Brackets on the Structure. I added a custom formset with some a custom clean method to do some extra validation, you can't have a Bracket that conflicts with another Bracket on the same Structure etc. The admin looks like this: class BracketInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Bracket formset = BracketInlineFormset class StructureAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ BracketInline ] admin.site.register(Structure, StructureAdmin) That all works, and the validation works. However now I want to write some unittest to test my complex formset validation logic. My first attempt to validate known-good values is: data = {'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '1', 'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '0', 'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '', 'form-0-field1':'good-value', … } formset = BracketInlineFormset(data) self.assertTrue(formset.is_valid()) However that doesn't work and raises the exception: ====================================================================== ERROR: testValid (appname.tests.StructureTestCase) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "/paht/to/project/tests.py", line 494, in testValid formset = BracketInlineFormset(data) File "/path/to/django/forms/models.py", line 672, in __init__ self.instance = self.fk.rel.to() AttributeError: 'BracketInlineFormset' object has no attribute 'fk' ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The Django documentation (for formset validation) implies one can do this. How come this isn't working? How do I test the custom clean()/validation for my inline formset?

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• How to separate comma separeted data from csv file?

  - by Rahul

  I have opened a csv file and I want to sort each string which is comma separeted and are in same line: ex:: file : name,sal,dept tom,10000,it o/p :: each string in string variable I have a file which is already open, so I can not use "open" API, I have to use "csv.reader" which have to read one line at a time.

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• In my virtualenv, I need to use sudo for all commands

  - by Zach

  I set up a virtualenv, which is working, but for some reason I need to use sudo for commands as simple as mkdir. Obviously I did something incorrectly. Any idea what it might be? Thanks

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