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  • Is it possible to load an assembly targeting a different .NET runtime version in a new app domain?

    - by Notre
    Hello, I've an application that is based on .NET 2 runtime. I want to add a little bit of support for .NET 4 but don't want to (in the short term), convert the whole application (which is very large) to target .NET 4. I tried the 'obvious' approach of creating an application .config file, having this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> but I ran into some problems that I noted here. I got the idea of creating a separate app domain. To test it, I created a WinForm project targeting .NET 2. I then created a class library targeting .NET 4. In my WinForm project, I added the following code: AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup(); setup.ApplicationBase = "path to .NET 4 assembly"; setup.ConfigurationFile = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config"; // Set up the Evidence Evidence baseEvidence = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence; Evidence evidence = new Evidence(baseEvidence); // Create the AppDomain AppDomain dotNet4AppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("DotNet4AppDomain", evidence, setup); try { Assembly doNet4Assembly = dotNet4AppDomain.Load( new AssemblyName("MyDotNet4Assembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=66f0dac1b575e793")); MessageBox.Show(doNet4Assembly.FullName); } finally { AppDomain.Unload(dotNet4AppDomain); } My DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config file looks like this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> Unfortunately, this throws the BadImageFormatException when dotNet4AppDomain.Load is executed. Am I doing something wrong in my code, or is what I'm trying to do just not going to work? Thank you!

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  • Installing Sphinx on App Engine - possible?

    - by Pekka
    Following up on my last year's question on documentation, I now want to get started and try out Python-based Sphinx for putting together the developer documentation for a PHP CMS I've been working on. Instead of setting up Python locally on my workstation, I would like to run it on a publicly accessible web server from the start. All the web hosting packages I have access to run on the LAMP stack, and I'm reluctant to buy Python-based hosting. I am very interested in the Google App Engine, the free quotas they provide will do for me a hundred times over, and even if not, their pricing looks very reasonable. Now I have zero knowledge of Python - getting Sphinx to work would be my first contact with it - and very little time. As far as I understand, the platform and python libraries the App Engine provides are very compatible to a standard Python library but not identical. So my question is: Can Sphinx run on App Engine at all? Is installing Sphinx on the App Engine as straightforward as if I would install it on top of a normal Python installation? Or will the App Engine's environment require tweaking of the source code that I can't perform in reasonable time with my current level of Python? Should I be installing Sphinx on a local server and a "normal" Python stack instead first? Does anybody know any helpful How-to's, tutorials or other resources for this?

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  • wscript.shell running file with space in path with PHP

    - by ermac2014
    I was trying to use wscript.shell through COM objects with php to pass some cmd commands to cURL library (the DOS version). here is what I use to perform this task: function windExec($cmd,$mode=''){ // Setup the command to run from "run" $cmdline = "cmd /C $cmd"; // set-up the output and mode if ($mode=='FG'){ $outputfile = uniqid(time()) . ".txt"; $cmdline .= " > $outputfile"; $m = true; } else $m = false; // Make a new instance of the COM object $WshShell = new COM("WScript.Shell"); // Make the command window but dont show it. $oExec = $WshShell->Run($cmdline, 0, $m); if ($outputfile){ // Read the tmp file. $retStr = file_get_contents($outputfile); // Delete the temp_file. unlink($outputfile); } else $retStr = ""; return $retStr; } now when I run this function like: windExec("\"C:/Documents and Settings/ermac/Desktop/my project/curl\" http://www.google.com/", 'FG'); curl doesn't run because there is a problem with the path. but when I remove the spaces from the path it works great. windExec("\"C:/curl\" http://www.google.com/", 'FG'); so my question is how can I escape these spaces in wscript.shell commands? is there anyway I can fix this? thanks in advance :)

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  • Can I use pdb files to step through a 3rd party assembly?

    - by Pure.Krome
    Hi folks, my friend has made a really helpful class library which I use all the time. I usually use Reflector to see what his code does. What I really wanted to do was to step through his code while I'm debugging. So he gave me his .pdb file. Foo.dll (release configuration, compile) Foo.pdb Now, I'm not sure how I can get it to auto break into his code when it throws an exception (his code, at various points, thorws exceptions .. like A first chance exception of type 'System.Web.HttpException' occurred in Foo.dll ... Can I do this? Do i need to setup something with the Symbol Server settings in Visual Studio ? Do i need to get the dll compiled into Debug Configuration and be passed the .dll and .pdb files? Or (and i'm really afraid of this one) .. do i need to have both the .dll, .pdb AND his source code ... I also had a look at this previous SO question, but it sorta didn't help (but proof I've tried to search before asking a question). Can someone help me please?

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  • Truncate portions of a string to limit the whole string's length in Ruby

    - by Horace Loeb
    Suppose you want to generate dynamic page titles that look like this: "It was all a dream, I used to read word up magazine" from "Juicy" by The Notorious B.I.G I.e., "LYRICS" from "SONG_NAME" by ARTIST However, your title can only be 69 characters total and this template will sometimes generate titles that are longer. One strategy for solving this problem is to truncate the entire string to 69 characters. However, a better approach is to truncate the less important parts of the string first. I.e., your algorithm might look something like this: Truncate the lyrics until the entire string is <= 69 characters If you still need to truncate, truncate the artist name until the entire string is <= 69 characters If you still need to truncate, truncate the song name until the entire string is <= 69 characters If all else fails, truncate the entire string to 69 characters Ideally the algorithm would also limit the amount each part of the string could be truncated. E.g., step 1 would really be "Truncate the lyrics to a minimum of 10 characters until the entire string is <= 69 characters" Since this is such a common situation, I was wondering if someone has a library or code snippet that can take care of it.

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  • ArrayList.Sort should be a stable sort with an IComparer but is not?

    - by Kaleb Pederson
    A stable sort is a sort that maintains the relative ordering of elements with the same value. The docs on ArrayList.Sort say that when an IComparer is provided the sort is stable: If comparer is set to null, this method performs a comparison sort (also called an unstable sort); that is, if two elements are equal, their order might not be preserved. In contrast, a stable sort preserves the order of elements that are equal. To perform a stable sort, you must implement a custom IComparer interface. Unless I'm missing something, the following testcase shows that ArrayList.Sort is not using a stable sort: internal class DisplayOrdered { public int ID { get; set; } public int DisplayOrder { get; set; } public override string ToString() { return string.Format("ID: {0}, DisplayOrder: {1}", ID, DisplayOrder); } } internal class DisplayOrderedComparer : IComparer { public int Compare(object x, object y) { return ((DisplayOrdered)x).DisplayOrder - ((DisplayOrdered)y).DisplayOrder; } } [TestFixture] public class ArrayListStableSortTest { [Test] public void TestWeblinkCallArrayListIsSortedUsingStableSort() { var call1 = new DisplayOrdered {ID = 1, DisplayOrder = 0}; var call2 = new DisplayOrdered {ID = 2, DisplayOrder = 0}; var call3 = new DisplayOrdered {ID = 3, DisplayOrder = 2}; var list = new ArrayList {call1, call2, call3}; list.Sort(new DisplayOrderedComparer()); // expected order (by ID): 1, 2, 3 (because the DisplayOrder // is equal for ID's 1 and 2, their ordering should be // maintained for a stable sort.) Assert.AreEqual(call1, list[0]); // Actual: ID=2 ** FAILS Assert.AreEqual(call2, list[1]); // Actual: ID=1 Assert.AreEqual(call3, list[2]); // Actual: ID=3 } } Am I missing something? If not, would this be a documentation bug or a library bug? Apparently using an OrderBy in Linq gives a stable sort.

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  • Java SSH2 libraries in depth: Trilead/Ganymed/Orion [/other?]

    - by Bernd Haug
    I have been searching for a pure Java SSH library to use for a project. The single most important needed feature is that it has to be able to work with command-line git, but remote-controlling command-line tools is also important. A pretty common choice, e.g. used in the IntelliJ IDEA git integration (which works very well), seems to be Trilead SSH2. Looking at their website, it's not being maintained any more. Trilead seems to have been a fork of Ganymed SSH2, which was a ETH Zurich project that didn't see releases for a while, but had a recent release by its new owner, Christian Plattner. There is another actively maintained fork from that code base, Orion SSH, that saw an even more recent release, but which seems to get mentioned online much less than the other 2 forks. Has anybody here worked with any of (or, if possible, both) of Ganymed and Orion and could kindly describe the development experience with either/both? Accuracy of documentation [existence of documentation?], stability, buggyness... - all of these would be highly interesting to me. Performance is not so important for my current project. If there is another pure-Java SSH implementation that should be used instead, please feel free to mention it, but please don't just mention a name...describe your judgment from actual experience. Sorry if this question may seem a bit "do my homework"-y, but I've really searched for reviews. Everything out there seems to be either a listing of implementations or short "use this! it's great!" snippets.

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  • generating and unmarshalling java classes while unmarshalling input contains a DTD

    - by Hans Westerbeek
    Hi, For a Spring-based project, I have the following situation to solve: I have XML files coming in whose contents I will have to parse at runtime. Those XML files come with a DTD reference. I need to generate the classes that the unmarshaller churns out using the right at build time, using the Maven2 plugin for the unmarshalling library of choice. This is also not very hard to do, once I have generated an XSD from the DTD. I want to use spring-oxm's UnMarshaller interface to do the unmarshalling at runtime. This I understand how to do. The xml files come in with a DTD reference, and all unmarshalling libraries out there want to do unmarshalling based on an XSD. Now, as described in the castor documentation, I can convert the DTD to an XSD and keep it on the classpath. However, when an actual XML file comes into the system it will still have that DTD reference at the top, and there's nothing I can really do about that (except for string replacing which feels hacky in this case). Will this cause the unmarshaller, like Castor to fail? Am I right in suspecting that this DTD reference will cause the unmarshalling to fail? Could I do pure DTD-based unmarshalling? Or can this somehow be prevented by providing detailed configuration to the unmarshaller? Until now, I have tried castor, xmlbeans and xstream. Which would fit my purposes best? Has anyone else been in this situation? Did you also end up just doing manual DOM or SAX parsing?

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  • Determining the color of a pixel in a bitmap using C# in a WPF app

    - by DanM
    The only way I found so far is System.Drawing.Bitmap.GetPixel(), but Microsoft has warnings for System.Drawing that are making me wonder if this is the "old way" to do it. Are there any alternatives? Here's what Microsoft says about the System.Drawing namespace. I also noticed that the System.Drawing assembly was not automatically added to the references when I created a new WPF project. System.Drawing Namespace The System.Drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the System.Drawing.Drawing2D, System.Drawing.Imaging, and System.Drawing.Text namespaces. The Graphics class provides methods for drawing to the display device. Classes such as Rectangle and Point encapsulate GDI+ primitives. The Pen class is used to draw lines and curves, while classes derived from the abstract class Brush are used to fill the interiors of shapes. Caution Classes within the System.Drawing namespace are not supported for use within a Windows or ASP.NET service. Attempting to use these classes from within one of these application types may produce unexpected problems, such as diminished service performance and run-time exceptions. - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.drawing.aspx

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  • Null Safe dereferencing in Java like ?. in Groovy using Maybe monad

    - by Sathish
    I'm working on a codebase ported from Objective C to Java. There are several usages of method chaining without nullchecks dog.collar().tag().name() I was looking for something similar to safe-dereferencing operator ?. in Groovy instead of having nullchecks dog.collar?.tag?.name This led to Maybe monad to have the notion of Nothing instead of Null. But all the implementations of Nothing i came across throw exception when value is accessed which still doesn't solve the chaining problem. I made Nothing return a mock, which behaves like NullObject pattern. But it solves the chaining problem. Is there anything wrong with this implementation of Nothing? [http://github.com/sathish316/jsafederef/blob/master/src/s2k/util/safederef/Nothing.java] As far as i can see 1. It feels odd to use mocking library in code 2. It doesn't stop at the first null. 3. How do i distinguish between null result because of null reference or name actually being null? How is it distinguished in Groovy code?

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  • Bilinear interpolation - DirectX vs. GDI+

    - by holtavolt
    I have a C# app for which I've written GDI+ code that uses Bitmap/TextureBrush rendering to present 2D images, which can have various image processing functions applied. This code is a new path in an application that mimics existing DX9 code, and they share a common library to perform all vector and matrix (e.g. ViewToWorld/WorldToView) operations. My test bed consists of DX9 output images that I compare against the output of the new GDI+ code. A simple test case that renders to a viewport that matches the Bitmap dimensions (i.e. no zoom or pan) does match pixel-perfect (no binary diff) - but as soon as the image is zoomed up (magnified), I get very minor differences in 5-10% of the pixels. The magnitude of the difference is 1 (occasionally 2)/256. I suspect this is due to interpolation differences. Question: For a DX9 ortho projection (and identity world space), with a camera perpendicular and centered on a textured quad, is it reasonable to expect DirectX.Direct3D.TextureFilter.Linear to generate identical output to a GDI+ TextureBrush filled rectangle/polygon when using the System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.Bilinear setting? For this (magnification) case, the DX9 code is using this (MinFilter,MipFilter set similarly): Device.SetSamplerState(0, SamplerStageStates.MagFilter, (int)TextureFilter.Linear); and the GDI+ path is using: g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.Bilinear; I thought that "Bilinear Interpolation" was a fairly specific filter definition, but then I noticed that there is another option in GDI+ for "HighQualityBilinear" (which I've tried, with no difference - which makes sense given the description of "added prefiltering for shrinking") Followup Question: Is it reasonable to expect pixel-perfect output matching between DirectX and GDI+ (assuming all external coordinates passed in are equal)? If not, why not? Finally, there are a number of other APIs I could be using (Direct2D, WPF, GDI, etc.) - and this question generally applies to comparing the output of "equivalent" bilinear interpolated output images across any two of these. Thanks!

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  • CentOS: make python 2.6 see django

    - by NP
    In a harrowing attempt to get mod_wsgi to run on CentOS 5.4, I've added python 2.6 as an optional library following the instructions here. The configuration seems fine except that when trying to ping the server the Apache log prints this error: mod_wsgi (pid=20033, process='otalo', application='127.0.0.1|'): Loading WSGI script '...django.wsgi'. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] mod_wsgi (pid=20033): Target WSGI script '...django.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] mod_wsgi (pid=20033): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '...django.wsgi'. [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] Traceback (most recent call last): [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] File "...django.wsgi", line 8, in [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] import django.core.handlers.wsgi [Sat Mar 27 16:11:45 2010] [error] [client 171.66.52.218] ImportError: No module named django.core.handlers.wsgi when I go to my python2.6 install's command line and try 'import django', the module is not found (ImportError). However, my default python 2.4 installation (still working fine) is able to import successfully. How do I point python 2.6 to django? Thanks in advance.

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  • Comprehending the Semantic web and it's methods, syntax, vocabularies and languages

    - by DreamCodeR
    Hi. I have just been introduced to the semantic web and it's family of functions but I have a hard time understanding some of it, which I was hoping someone could explain to me. As far as I've understood, RDF can be written in several syntaxes. RDF/XML, Turtle, etc. Now, I understand XML. How it is presented and how it can be parsed. However, some people write in the turtle syntax, but how do they parse that information? I can't seem to find a single library for any language to "extract" the information written in a turtle syntax into another form. The same goes for N3. How can it be used? Executed or else? I seem to be able to understand RDFa. That it is a way to implement RDF into XHTML. For me that is a way to implement RDF into "something". But how can I compare that to turtle, N3, or the like? Thanks in advance.

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  • python: help defining/installing simple script to setup machine-specific information

    - by Jason S
    (This is related to scons but I think most of the following should be fairly general to python) I would like to define a python file/library that I put in a Well-Known Place somewhere on my computer that I can use to define machine-specific paths, and was looking for help on how to do this well, since I'm a beginner to Python & really only use it for my scons work. scons uses a SConstruct file which can execute python code. What I would like to do is something like this: My SConstruct file would contain this at the beginning: defaultEnv = JJJJJ.getMachineSpecificPaths() or (do both of these syntaxes work?) import JJJJJ defaultEnv = getMachineSpecificPaths() I define a JJJJJ.py file somewhere installed in the python dir which contains the following def getMachineSpecificPaths(): ... does something here, I don't know what ... that reads a file machine-specific-paths.txt (maybe it has the code Ross Rogers mentioned in my other question) located in the same directory as JJJJJ.py containing the following: machine-specific-paths.txt TI_C28_ROOT C:/appl/ti/ccs/?4.1.1/ccsv4/tools/co?mpiler/c2000 JSDB c:/bin/jsdb/jsdb.exe PYTHON_PATH c:/appl/python/2.6.4 The thing is, I don't really know much about the conventions in Python about where you put system-wide libraries and files. This is probably really simple to get right but I don't know how.

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  • Common lisp, CFFI, and instantiating c structs

    - by andrew
    Hi, I've been on google for about, oh, 3 hours looking for a solution to this "problem." I'm trying to figure out how to instantiate a C structure in lisp using CFFI. I have a struct in c: struct cpVect{cpFloat x,y;} Simple right? I have auto-generated CFFI bindings (swig, I think) to this struct: (cffi:defcstruct #.(chipmunk-lispify "cpVect" 'classname) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "x" 'slotname) :double) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "y" 'slotname) :double)) This generates a struct "VECT" with slots :X and :Y, which foreign-slot-names confirms (please note that I neither generated the bindings or programmed the C library (chipmunk physics), but the actual functions are being called from lisp just fine). I've searched far and wide, and maybe I've seen it 100 times and glossed over it, but I cannot figure out how to create a instance of cpVect in lisp to use in other functions. Note the function: cpShape *cpPolyShapeNew(cpBody *body, int numVerts, cpVect *verts, cpVect offset) Takes not only a cpVect, but also a pointer to a set of cpVects, which brings me to my second question: how do I create a pointer to a set of structs? I've been to http://common-lisp.net/project/cffi/manual/html_node/defcstruct.html and tried the code, but get "Error: Unbound variable: PTR" (I'm in Clozure CL), not to mention that looks to only return a pointer, not an instance. I'm new to lisp, been going pretty strong so far, but this is the first real problem I've hit that I can't figure out. Thanks!

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  • How do I write unescaped XML outside of a CDATA

    - by kazanaki
    Hello I am trying to write XML data using Stax where the content itself is HTML If I try xtw.writeStartElement("contents"); xtw.writeCharacters("<b>here</b>"); xtw.writeEndElement(); I get this <contents>&lt;b&gt;here&lt;/b&gt;</contents> Then I notice the CDATA method and change my code to: xtw.writeStartElement("contents"); xtw.writeCData("<b>here</b>"); xtw.writeEndElement(); and this time the result is <contents><![CDATA[<b>here</b>]]></contents> which is still not good. What I really want is <contents><b>here</b></contents> So is there an XML API/Library that allows me to write raw text without being in a CDATA section? So far I have looked at Stax and JDom and they do not seem to offer this. In the end I might resort to good old StringBuilder but this would not be elegant. Update I agree mostly with the answers so far. However instead of <b>here</b> I could have a 1MB HTML document that I want to embed in a bigger XML document. What you suggest means that I have to parse this HTML document in order to understand its structure. I would like to avoid this if possible.

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  • Duplicating custom nodes in JavaFX

    - by Elazar Leibovich
    As far as I understand, duplicating nodes in JavaFX should be done with the Duplicator.duplicate function. It works fine when duplicating nodes whose types are included in JavaFX library, for example def dup = Duplicator.duplicate(Rectangle{x:30 y:30 width:100 height:100}); dup.translateX = 10; insert dup into content; would insert a black rectangle to the scene. However if I define a new class in the following way: class MyRect extends Rectangle {} Or class MyRect extends CustomNode { override function create() {Rectangle{x:30 y:30 width:10 height:10}} } It gives me the following runtime error Type 'javafxapplication1.NumberGrid$MyRect' not found. Where of course javafxapplication1.NumberGrid are the package and file the MyRect class is in. This guy at Sun's forums had the same problem, but I don't see any answer in there. Or maybe I'm doing that the wrong way, and there's a better approach for duplicating custom nodes? update: Trying to duplicate Group worked, but trying to duplicate Stack yields the same error. According to the documentation, it's supposed to support all types supported in FXD including Node, but maybe it supports only some of Node's descendants?

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  • Java many to many association map

    - by Raphael Jolivet
    Hi, I have to classes, ClassA and ClassB and a "many to many" AssociationClass. I want to use a structure to hold the associations between A and B such as I can know, for each instance of A or B, which are their counterparts. I thought of using a Hashmap, with pair keys: Hasmap<Pair<ClassA, ClassB>, AssociationClass> associations; This way, I can add and remove an association between two instances of ClassA and ClassB, and I can query a relation for two given instances. However, I miss the feature of getting all associations defined for a given instance of ClassA or ClassB. I could do it by brute force and loop over all keys of the map to search for associations between a given instance, but this is inefficient and not elegant. Do you know of any data structure / free library that enables this ? I don't want to reinvent the wheel. Thanks in advance for your help, Raphael NB: This is not a "database" question. These objects are pure POJO used for live computation, I don't need persistence stuff.

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  • Approach for fixing NoClassDefFoundError?

    - by DJC
    I'm seeing this question is getting asked a lot in many different contexts. Perhaps we can set some strategies for locating and fixing it? I'm noobish myself so all I can contribute are horror stories and questions, sorry... It seems this is thrown when a class is visible at compile time but not at run time... how can this happen? In my case I am developing an app that uses the Google APIs, in Eclipse, for the Android platform. I've configured the Project Properties / Java Build Path / Libraries to include the gdata .jars and all is well. When I execute in the emulator I get a force close and the logcat shows a NoClassDefFoundError on a simple new ContactsService("myApp"); I've also tried a new CalendarService("myApp") with the same results. Is it possible or desirable to statically bind at compile time to avoid the problem? How could dynamic binding of an add-on library work in the mobile environment anyway? Either it has to be bound into my .apk or else I need to "install" it? ... hmmm. Advice much appreciated.

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  • Using the Proxy pattern with C++ iterators

    - by Billy ONeal
    Hello everyone :) I've got a moderately complex iterator written which wraps the FindXFile apis on Win32. (See previous question) In order to avoid the overhead of constructing an object that essentially duplicates the work of the WIN32_FIND_DATAW structure, I have a proxy object which simply acts as a sort of const reference to the single WIN32_FIND_DATAW which is declared inside the noncopyable innards of the iterator. This is great because Clients do not pay for construction of irrelevant information they will probably not use (most of the time people are only interested in file names), and Clients can get at all the information provided by the FindXFile APIs if they need or want this information. This becomes an issue though because there is only ever a single copy of the object's actual data. Therefore, when the iterator is incrememnted, all of the proxies are invalidated (set to whatever the next file pointed to by the iterator is). I'm concerned if this is a major problem, because I can think of a case where the proxy object would not behave as somebody would expect: std::vector<MyIterator::value_type> files; std::copy(MyIterator("Hello"), MyIterator(), std::back_inserter(files)); because the vector contains nothing but a bunch of invalid proxies at that point. Instead, clients need to do something like: std::vector<std::wstring> filesToSearch; std::transform( DirectoryIterator<FilesOnly>(L"C:\\Windows\\*"), DirectoryIterator<FilesOnly>(), std::back_inserter(filesToSearch), std::mem_fun_ref(&DirectoryIterator<FilesOnly>::value_type::GetFullFileName) ); Seeing this, I can see why somebody might dislike what the standard library designers did with std::vector<bool>. I'm still wondering though: is this a reasonable trade off in order to achieve (1) and (2) above? If not, is there any way to still achieve (1) and (2) without the proxy?

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  • Extension methods for encapsulation and reusability

    - by tzaman
    In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself?

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  • WYSIWYG in Doxygen

    - by Adam Shiemke
    I'm working on a fairly large project written in C. The idea was to build a library of modular blocks that can be reused across several platforms. Each module is assocaited with a word document in .docx format (huge pain to diff-merge). In these docs, an interface section is specified, listing datatypes and publicly accessable functions. These were often inconsistant with the actual implementation in code, and wading through all this documentation was a pain. I've been working to switch to doxygen to simplify document managemnet. I haven't found a good way to embed the previously written documentation into the doxygen output. I've copy-pasted them into sections and used modules to group the sources together, but the document sections look ugly in the comments (the output is pretty) and since doxygen takes a while to parse through our code (about 30 mins), validating formatting is a pain. Is there some way to WYSIWIG large blocks of documentation into doxygen? I feel this would improve the number of people documenting their code, and the quality of that documentation. I considered linking to html, but that splits out the documentation. I also considered putting them inline in html, but this also seems like a pain and would mean everyone needs a WYSIWIG HTML edditor (or some html skillz). Any ideas on how to make things easier and prettier? Thanks loads.

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  • C++ overide global operator comma gives error

    - by uray
    the second function gives error C2803 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zy7kx46x%28VS.80%29.aspx : 'operator ,' must have at least one formal parameter of class type. any clue? template<class T,class A = std::allocator<T>> class Sequence : public std::vector<T,A> { public: Sequence<T,A>& operator,(const T& a) { this->push_back(a); return *this; } Sequence<T,A>& operator,(const Sequence<T,A>& a) { for(Sequence<T,A>::size_type i=0 ; i<a.size() ; i++) { this->push_back(a.at(i)); } return *this; } }; //this works! template<typename T> Sequence<T> operator,(const T& a, const T&b) { Sequence<T> seq; seq.push_back(a); seq.push_back(b); return seq; } //this gives error C2803! Sequence<double> operator,(const double& a, const double& b) { Sequence<double> seq; seq.push_back(a); seq.push_back(b); return seq; }

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  • Python: Catching / blocking SIGINT during system call

    - by danben
    I've written a web crawler that I'd like to be able to stop via the keyboard. I don't want the program to die when I interrupt it; it needs to flush its data to disk first. I also don't want to catch KeyboardInterruptedException, because the persistent data could be in an inconsistent state. My current solution is to define a signal handler that catches SIGINT and sets a flag; each iteration of the main loop checks this flag before processing the next url. However, I've found that if the system happens to be executing socket.recv() when I send the interrupt, I get this: ^C Interrupted; stopping... // indicates my interrupt handler ran Traceback (most recent call last): File "crawler_test.py", line 154, in <module> main() ... File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/socket.py", line 397, in readline data = recv(1) socket.error: [Errno 4] Interrupted system call and the process exits completely. Why does this happen? Is there a way I can prevent the interrupt from affecting the system call?

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  • Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    I'm using PYML to construct a multiclass linear support vector machine (SVM). After training the SVM, I would like to be able to save the classifier, so that on subsequent runs I can use the classifier right away without retraining. Unfortunately, the .save() function is not implemented for that classifier, and attempting to pickle it (both with standard pickle and cPickle) yield the following error message: pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle : it's not found as __builtin__.PySwigObject Does anyone know of a way around this or of an alternative library without this problem? Thanks. Edit/Update I am now training and attempting to save the classifier with the following code: mc = multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()); mc.train(dataset_pyml,saveSpace=False); for i, classifier in enumerate(mc.classifiers): filename=os.path.join(prefix,labels[i]+".svm"); classifier.save(filename); Notice that I am now saving with the PyML save mechanism rather than with pickling, and that I have passed "saveSpace=False" to the training function. However, I am still gettting an error: ValueError: in order to save a dataset you need to train as: s.train(data, saveSpace = False) However, I am passing saveSpace=False... so, how do I save the classifier(s)? P.S. The project I am using this in is pyimgattr, in case you would like a complete testable example... the program is run with "./pyimgattr.py train"... that will get you this error. Also, a note on version information: [michaelsafyan@codemage /Volumes/Storage/classes/cse559/pyimgattr]$ python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. import PyML print PyML.__version__ 0.7.0

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