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  • Learning resources for Linux filesystem, command line, and structure

    - by webworm
    Can anyone suggest some good materials for learning more about the Linux filesystem and command line? I have found myself frequently confused as to what programs go where on the Linux filesystem. I would like to learn how the various directories (var, etc, usr ...) are used and how to use the commandline more effectively. I come from the Windows development world (.NET developer) so I am very familiar with Windows system administration. However, when doing more and more work with PHP I found myself lost in the internals of Linux (specifically Ubuntu). For example I was having problems installing PEAR properly on my Ubuntu system and not understanding why it was installed where it was. All of my interactions with Linux machines is done via SSH so I would like to focus on the command line and the filesystem. Thanks for any suggestions.

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  • Haxe app and Gtk-WARNING on linux servers

    - by Cambiata
    Hi! I'm trying a Haxe-compiled solution called FAR (Flash Archiver) created by Edwin Van Rijkom (http://code.google.com/p/vanrijkom-flashlibs/) wich uses a command-line tool for creating compressed archives. When running the FAR tool locally on my ubuntu laptop, everything works fine. When running remotely (terminal as Root) on my Ubuntu and Debian servers, it gives the following error: Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: I've tried to reach Edvin about this, but no response so far. Maybe it has something to do with installation or user rights on the server? Any clue?

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  • No longer able to boot stuck in busybox shell

    - by Chris J. Lee
    I've installed win 7 and ubuntu 11.04. After a storm killed the power. i'm unable to boot. I'm stuck in the busybox shell (ash). Here's what happens when i boot: Bios loads Grub displays option to load: ubuntu ubuntu recovery memtest another memtest option win7 win 7 recovery I load Ubuntu This cause it to load and i see no normal ubuntu screen just the busybox shell I try loading ubuntu via fsck -l; and it returns me a /bin/sh not found error. I load windows 7 and i'm unable to boot. I get a blue screen of death I then load ubuntu recovery and i don't have any luck either. Any ideas where to go from here?

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  • RTL8192SU-based Wi-Fi adapter disconnects permanently

    - by leventov
    I've already tried all possible (http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10129571&postcount=43) solutions, no progress. I'm in despair. In Windows (on the same machine) this adapter works stably. Device: Trendnet TEW-649UB. System details: Ubuntu 11.10; leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ uname -a Linux leventov-ubuntu 3.0.0-12-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 7 14:56:25 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ lsusb ... Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:8172 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8191S WLAN Adapter ... leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep 8712 #current driver [ 8.146510] r8712u: module is from the staging directory, the quality is unknown, you have been warned. [ 8.147113] r8712u: DriverVersion: v7_0.20100831 [ 8.147124] r8712u: register rtl8712_netdev_ops to netdev_ops [ 8.147127] r8712u: USB_SPEED_HIGH with 4 endpoints [ 8.147478] r8712u: Boot from EFUSE: Autoload OK [ 8.551272] r8712u: CustomerID = 0x0000 [ 8.551275] r8712u: MAC Address from efuse = 00:14:d1:6c:52:19 [ 8.551625] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8712u [ 9.501351] r8712u: Loading firmware from "rtlwifi/rtl8712u.bin" [ 10.160471] r8712u: 1 RCR=0x153f00e [ 10.161241] r8712u: 2 RCR=0x553f00e leventov@leventov-ubuntu:~$ lsmod | grep 8712 r8712u 189049 0 t

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  • Any workarounds for getting swfupload.js working in Linux?

    - by Dave
    Hi, SWFUpload doesn't work on ubuntu, I can see various mentions of it throughout the internets but I'm wondering if anyone here as found any work arounds? I'm developing on Windows, so the code executes fine. But my colleague is running ubuntu, and SWFUpload crashes instantly. Has anyone encountered that and found a work around? I've tried a couple of things like commenting out things that cause known-issues like progress but to no effect. Any help appreciated. Dave.

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  • MacBook for django development?

    - by Fernando
    Hi, I'm about to buy a new laptop (Asus G62) to replace my old ubuntu desktop. I will use it mostly for django development (and some legacy win32 stuff in a virtualbox). However, since I will need to do some iPhone development in the near future, I'm starting to think that it might be a wiser to buy a MacBook Pro, instead of the Asus and later a cheap (so to speak...) MacBook. How well suited is a MacBook Pro for Django development? I currently use WingIDE on Linux and love it, how does the Mac version compare to the linux one? Is the Ubuntu - Mac OS transition complicated? Will I be able to leverage my Linux knowledge? OTOH, I'm your average nerd, so I'm not sure if I'm cool enough for a Mac. Besides, having a double chin, a black turtle neck is completely out of question. Thanks in advance!

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  • How to get rid of 'grub rescue'?

    - by SaM
    While logged into Windows, I deleted a disk partition which was containing Ubuntu. When I restarted my pc, it is showing 'grub rescue' command prompt. How to boot windows now? I no longer require Ubuntu. I have Ubuntu live CD When I tried the following commend: sudo apt-get install lilo the following error is shown: Err http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty/main lilo i386 1:22.8-10ubuntu1 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.156 80] Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lilo/lilo_22.8-10ubuntu1_i386.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.156 80] E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

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  • Unable to mount /dev/loop0 during install

    - by AJP
    I was installing 32-bit Ubuntu(ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso) on VMWare workstation 7.1. During installation an error came up with the following text. (initramfs) mount: mounting dev/loop0 on //filesystem.squashfs failed: Input/Output error Can not mount /dev/loop0 (/cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs) on //filesystem.squashfs I did a memory test which was successful, but when selecting "Try Ubuntu without installing", "Install Ubuntu" or "Check disk for defects" the same error is showing up. I download the ISO image from Ubuntu website "http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download". As I couldn't find the checksum data, the ISO image was verified by mounting to a virtual drive and browsing the contents. The ISO image is mounted to a virtual drive in VMWare and not burnt to a CD.

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  • "Malformed line 6" error in my /etc/apt/sources.list

    - by Odi1215
    I'm new to Ubuntu so I don't really know much yet. I encountered this problem while on the terminal: E: Malformed line 6 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list (dist parse) E: The list of sources could not be read. What should I do? Help would be much appreciated. Here's my source.list: # /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ partner /etc/apt/sources.list

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  • imported vm gives "failed to open/create network" error

    - by Colleen
    steps: 1. created a vm in windows 2. partitioned drive and installed ubuntu 3. exported the vm I created 4. mounted windows drive in ubuntu 5. imported the vm from the export, in the mounted drive 6. tried to start vm, got the following error: "Failed to open a session for the virtual machine XXXX. Failed to open/create the internal network 'HostInterfaceNetworking-Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection' (you might need to modprobe vboxnetflt to make it accessible) (VERR_INTNET_FLT_IF_NOT_FOUND). Result Code: NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005) Component: Console Interface: IConsole {1968b7d3-e3bf-4ceb-99e0-cb7c913317bb} " Network settings: Adapter 1: PCnet-FAST III (Bridged adapter, Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection)

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  • Intel GMA 4500M screen resolution problem

    - by I Heart Ubuntu
    I was previously running 10.10 on my Acer Aspire laptop. It has Intel GMA 4500M integrated graphics and worked just fine. Great display, sharp, crisp, etc. I decided to do a fresh install of 11.10 Oneiric and now am having problems. Originally I was getting the dreaded blank screen where the brightness was turned almost completely off. Some searching pulled up several easy fixes (editing GRUB). Right now I am still having one issue. The screen resolution is stuck at a max of 1024x768 giving me a distorted screen. Is there any way to fix this issue? I've Googled, searched Ask Ubuntu and also spent time on the forums looking for a solution. Thus far, nothing. Apparently, was and still is a concern in Natty? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Stuck at boot, both with wubi and USB

    - by Christoffer
    I have tried installing Ubuntu 12.04 through USB and with wubi interface. Nothing works. With USB, I will enter the main menu, doesn't matter what i choose, "install ubuntu on a hard drive" or "boot into ubuntu from USB". When I click on one of those it will scan my drives or something, and when it gets to the USB it gets stuck. It just stays there.... With wubi, the install goes fine, but when trying to boot for the first time to ubuntu it says "completing ubuntu installation"... NOTHING more happens, that cursor only blinks there. How can I get Ubuntu to work??? I got: 1TB HDD, 256GB HDD, 80GB SSD. I'm trying to install Ubuntu on my 256 GB HDD....

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  • mplayer does not disable screensaver

    - by psychok7
    so i have upgraded to Ubuntu 12.10 and i installed smplayer from the repositories. The thing is when i play a movie (even in full screen) the screen saver comes up. I have to disable screensaver enabled in smplayer but it doesn't seem to work apt-cache policy mplayer mplayer: Installed: 2:1.0~rc4.dfsg1+svn34540-1ubuntu2 Candidate: 2:1.0~rc4.dfsg1+svn34540-1ubuntu2 Version table: *** 2:1.0~rc4.dfsg1+svn34540-1ubuntu2 0 500 http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status apt-cache policy gnome-screensaver gnome-screensaver: Installed: 3.6.0-0ubuntu2 Candidate: 3.6.0-0ubuntu2 Version table: *** 3.6.0-0ubuntu2 0 500 http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 3.6.0-0ubuntu1 0 500 http://pt.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main amd64 Packages Any ideas?

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  • Problems with Intel graphics and external display

    - by dpcat237
    I have Asus Zenbook ux31 with Intel HD 3000 GPU and Ubuntu 12.10 64 bits. I usually use external monitor and when update GPU controller it removes previous configuration. So after updates Ubuntu only detect external monitor and when I enter to Ubuntu with laptop's monitor Unity doesn't start and I only see black screen. If I re-install Ubuntu all works fine until next GPU update :(( Another think that after some GPU update Ubuntu doesn't detect fine monitor and I have to restart 1-2 times Ubuntu to Unity starts fine ¬¬ Someone have some problem and know some solution? I hope some day Intel GPU will work fine with Ubuntu!

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  • Got problem with installation. "No root file system is defined."

    - by user92322
    I'm very new with Ubuntu and generally with linux. I saw ubuntu and it seems like this OS is really good and stable, and so I decided to install it alongside my windows 7 OS. I have a few problems with the installation. Here is what I did: I downloaded the 64bit version from Ubuntu official website, and burned it on a dvd. I set the boot sequence to first load from my CD-Rom. Ubuntu installation started, and I chose "Install Ubuntu" in the menu. (where there is also a "Try Ubuntu" option) I clicked forward until I got into the installation type screen As you can see, the installation wont show my actual details about my hard drive! I have 1 hard drive with 750 GB - 80 GB - My main drive with windows 7 OS 600GB - All of my stuff 20GB Free space that I saved for Ubuntu But the installation wont show that!

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  • Encoding problem in Java Server Side application.

    - by NikolayGS
    Hi! I have following problem - i`m running Java WS application. The server side (Axis2 WS Modules on Apache Tomcat) is running at Ubuntu server. The problem is when i get some information from client side in cyrilic and store in database it goes like "?????". If i add data in db directly(From Remote MYSQL Console - there is NO problem). Before move to ubuntu server side was at Windows XP and there was no problem? Sorry for bad explanation, but i have no idea where to start! Thanks in advance!

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  • How to copy files from local machine to server using SSH file transfer protocol?

    - by morpheous
    I have an Ubuntu 9.10 desktop machine which I use locally. I am setting up a server on a hosting provider. The server will run a very minimal version of Ubuntu server LTS (only LAMP and email server no GUI). I want to write a script (scheduled as a cron job) that will allow me to upload local files onto the server. I want to use [SFTP][1], for security reasons. I am new to shell scripting - but I guess shell scripting is the way to do this (unless I am mistaken). Can anyone provide me with the initial pointers on how to go about writing such a script, in order to SECURELY upload local files to the server? Ideally, I would like to compress the files before the transfer (to save on bandwidth) [1]: http://SSH file transfer protocol

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  • Ubuntu 9.04 and Windows 7

    - by Aakarshit
    I had Windows 7 and Vista installed on my laptop. When I installed Ubuntu 9.04 the GRUB for Windows 7 was erased and I can only see choices for Vista and Ubuntu in the boot menu. How do I overcome this problem?

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  • PXE boot windows versions

    - by iJonathan
    I will make a PXE-server on Ubuntu for the installations of Windows XP and 7. When a computer starts from the network, then it should be display a menu with, for example "installation of XP" and the next item "installation of 7". When I select one of these items, the installation must start. I won't use an image, wds or FOG because the computers aren't the same and there a different departments in the company with a different configuration, programs etc. Neither Windows Server, only an Ubuntu PXE-server How I should start with making that? Thanks.

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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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