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• Unable to SSH to EC2

  - by Walker

  I downloaded the cert-xxx.pem and pk-xxx.pem files and also the keypair.pem and moved it all to the /.ssh folder on my Ubuntu client machine. this is what I get when I try to SSH with -v at the end debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I am new to administering servers and I want to know if I should be trying to convert the pem files to id_rsa and id_dsa. I am not really sure if that is possible but I don't know how else to get the id_rsa, id_dsa from those pem files or if there is any work around. I managed to get access to EC2 the first time and this is my second try and I am unsuccessful so far. Any help is appreciated. regards Walker

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• AWS EC2 security group source

  - by greener

  I'm currently trying to configure a security group and allow MS SQL connections from my other instance. I want to be able to specify the security group's name as the source. But the connection is not going through. The instance's firewall has a rule to allow connections on the port. In fact, if I specify the IP of the machine as the source, it works. Just not the security group name. There are two other rules for the same port and they're for specific IPs only. What am I doing wrong?

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• Connectivity issues with dual NIC machine in EC2

  - by Matt Sieker

  I'm trying to get some servers set up in EC2 in a Virtual Private Cloud. To do this, I have two subnets: 10.0.42.0/24 - Public subnet 10.0.83.0/24 - Private subnet To bridge these two, I have a Funtoo instance with a pair of NICs: eth0 10.0.42.10 eth1 10.0.83.10 Which has the following routing table: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.0.83.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.83.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 203 0 0 eth1 10.0.42.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 202 0 0 eth0 loopback * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 10.0.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 default 10.0.42.1 0.0.0.0 UG 202 0 0 eth0 An elastic IP is attached to the eth0 interface, and I can connect to it fine remotely. However, I cannot ping anything in the 10.0.83.0 subnet. For now iptables is not set up on the box, so there's no rules that would get in the way (Eventually this will be managed by Shorewall, but I should get basic connectivity done first) Subnet details from the VPC interface: CIDR: 10.0.83.0/24 Destination Target 10.0.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0/0 [ID of eth1 on NAT box] Network ACL: Default Inbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Source Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY Outbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Destination Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY   CIDR: 10.0.83.0/24 VPC: Destination Target 10.0.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0/0 [Internet Gateway ID] Network ACL: Default (replace) Inbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Source Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY Outbound: Rule # Port (Service) Protocol Destination Allow/Deny 100 ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW * ALL ALL 0.0.0.0/0 DENY I've been trying to work this out most of the evening, but I'm just stuck. I'm either missing something obvious, or am doing something very wrong. I would think I'd be able to ping from either interface on this box without issue. Hopefully some more pairs of eyes on this configuration will help. EDIT: I am an idiot. After I bothered to install nmap to run some more tests, I discover I can see the ports, and connect to them, pings are just being blocked.

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• Can't install new database in OpenLDAP 2.4 with BDB on Debian

  - by Timothy High

  I'm trying to install an openldap server (slapd) on a Debian EC2 instance. I have followed all the instructions I can find, and am using the recommended slapd-config approach to configuration. It all seems to be just fine, except that for some reason it can't create my new database. ldap.conf.bak (renamed to ensure it's not being used): ########## # Basics # ########## include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args loglevel none modulepath /usr/lib/ldap # modulepath /usr/local/libexec/openldap moduleload back_bdb.la database config #rootdn "cn=admin,cn=config" rootpw secret database bdb suffix "dc=example,dc=com" rootdn "cn=manager,dc=example,dc=com" rootpw secret directory /usr/local/var/openldap-data ######## # ACLs # ######## access to attrs=userPassword by anonymous auth by self write by * none access to * by self write by * none When I run slaptest on it, it complains that it couldn't find the id2entry.bdb file: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d bdb_db_open: database "dc=example,dc=com": db_open(/usr/local/var/openldap-data/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=example,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) Using the -u switch it works, of course. But that merely creates the configuration. It doesn't resolve the underlying problem: root@server:/etc/ldap# slaptest -f ldap.conf.bak -F slapd.d -u config file testing succeeded Looking in the database directory, the basic files are there (with right ownership, after a manual chown), but the dbd file wasn't created: root@server:/etc/ldap# ls -al /usr/local/var/openldap-data total 4328 drwxr-sr-x 2 openldap openldap 4096 Mar 1 15:23 . drwxr-sr-x 4 root staff 4096 Mar 1 13:50 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 3080 Mar 1 14:35 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 Mar 1 15:23 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 843776 Mar 1 15:23 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 Mar 1 15:23 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 655360 Mar 1 14:35 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 4431872 Mar 1 15:23 __db.005 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 Mar 1 15:23 __db.006 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 Mar 1 15:23 alock (note that, because I'm doing this as root, I had to also change ownership of some of the files created by slaptest) Finally, I can start the slapd service, but it dies in the attempt (text from syslog): Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.23 (Jun 15 2011 13:31:57) $#012#011@incagijs:/home/thijs/debian/p-u/openldap-2.4.23/debian/build/servers/slapd Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: config error processing olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config: Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: slapd stopped. Mar 1 15:06:23 server slapd[21160]: connections_destroy: nothing to destroy. I manually checked the olcDatabase={1}bdb file, and it looks fine to my amateur eye. All my specific configs are there. Unfortunately, syslog isn't reporting a specific error in this case (if it were a file permission error, it would say). I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling slapd, changing permissions, Googling my wits out, but I'm tapped out. Any OpenLDAP genius out there would be greatly appreciated!

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• Importing XML into an AWS RDS instance

  - by RoyHB

  I'm trying to load some xml into an AWS RDS (mySql) instance. The xml looks like: (it's an xml dump of the ISO-3661 codes) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <countries> <countries name="Afghanistan" alpha-2="AF" alpha-3="AFG" country-code="004" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AF" region-code="142" sub-region-code="034"/> <countries name="Åland Islands" alpha-2="AX" alpha-3="ALA" country-code="248" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AX" region-code="150" sub-region-code="154"/> <countries name="Albania" alpha-2="AL" alpha-3="ALB" country-code="008" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AL" region-code="150" sub-region-code="039"/> <countries name="Algeria" alpha-2="DZ" alpha-3="DZA" country-code="012" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:DZ" region-code="002" sub-region-code="015"/> The command that I'm running is: LOAD XML LOCAL INFILE '/var/www/ISO-3166_SMS_Country_Codes.xml' INTO TABLE `ISO-3661-codes`(`name`,`alpha-2`,`alpha-3`,`country-code`,`region-code`,`sub-region-code`); The error message I get is: ERROR 1148 (42000): The used command is not allowed with this MySQL version The infile that is referenced exists, I've selected a database before running the command and I have appropriate privileges on the database. The column names in the database table exactly match the xml field names.

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• AWS EC2 & WordPress / WooCommerce, Product pages dragging

  - by Stephen Harman

  http://ec2-54-243-161-225.compute-1.amazonaws.com/shop/product-category/dark-horse/ If you click on any of the products on this page you'll notice it either takes a minute or more to load or it doesn't load at all. I have about 11,000 products in the database each with about 3 images attached to them, the database is about 108mbs in size. Any suggestions on fixing this speed issue? Thank you in advance!

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• VRF Internet Gateway Multiple External IP's 1 Internal IP to AWS

  - by user223903

  Trying to setup VRF for the first time and its not working for me even though I keep reading everything online. IP's are different to real life. I have an Internet connection which I can ping to my router in the current setup below 195.45.73.22 I have a block of ip addresses 195.45.121.0/27 I want to setup multiple VPN's to AWS so need to have multiple external ip's thus the block of IP addresses. I have setup the 2nd and 3rd IP address but can not ping them from external. Any help would be grateful. Bryan ip source-route ! ip vrf Internet rd 1:1 route-target export 1:1 route-target import 1:1 ip vrf AWSSydney1 rd 2:2 route-target export 2:2 route-target import 2:2 route-target import 1:1 ip vrf AWSSydney2 rd 3:3 route-target export 3:3 route-target import 3:3 route-target import 1:1 ip cef no ip domain lookup no ipv6 cef multilink bundle-name authenticated interface FastEthernet0/0 description Vocus Internet no ip address speed 100 full-duplex interface FastEthernet0/0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native ip address 195.45.73.22 255.255.255.252 interface FastEthernet0/0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 ip vrf forwarding AWSSydney1 ip address 195.45.121.1 255.255.255.224 interface FastEthernet0/0.3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 ip vrf forwarding AWSSydney2 ip address 195.45.121.2 255.255.255.224 interface FastEthernet0/1 description LAN_SIDE ip address 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0 speed 100 full-duplex no mop enabled ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 195.45.73.21 ip route vrf Internet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 195.45.73.21

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• Mounting Replicated Gluster Multi-AZ Storage

  - by Roman Newaza

  I have Replicated Gluster Storage which is used by Auto scaling Servers. Both, Auto scaling and Storage are allocated in two Availability zones. Gluster: Number of Bricks: 4 x 2 = 8 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: gluster01:/storage/1a # Zone A Brick2: gluster02:/storage/1b # Zone B Brick3: gluster03:/storage/2a # Zone A Brick4: gluster04:/storage/2b # Zone B Brick5: gluster01:/storage/3a # Zone A Brick6: gluster02:/storage/3b # Zone B Brick7: gluster03:/storage/4a # Zone A Brick8: gluster04:/storage/4b # Zone B I used Round Robin DNS for Gluster entry point, so DNS name resolves to all of the storage server addresses which are returned in different order all the time: # host storage.domain.com storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x1 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x2 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x3 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x4 The Storage is mounted with Native Gluster Client: # grep storage /etc/fstab storage.domain.com:/storage /storage glusterfs defaults,log-level=WARNING,log-file=/var/log/gluster.log 0 0 I have heard Gluster might be mounted with the first Server IP and after that it will fetch its configuration with the rest of Servers. Personally, I never tested single Server mount setup and I don't know how Gluster handles this. On EC2, traffic among single Availability zone is free and between different zones is not. When Client in zone A writes to storage and IP of Storage in zone B is returned, it will cost me twice more for data transfer: Client (Zone A) - Storage Server (Zone B) - Replication to Storage Server (Zone A). Question: Would it be better to mount Storage Server of the same zone, so that data transfer charges apply only for replication (A - A - B)?

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• AWS lighttpd: Sending a copy of requests to test.

  - by Martin

  I have a load balanced service on AWS. So the ELB evenly distributes the load across my servers. Each server is running lighttpd that does logging and forwards the requests to my service (on the same machine). I have written a new version of the service. It is installed and running on an EC2 machine test1 (basically a mirror of our current server but the new service running instead of the original) and I have done some preliminary tests that look good. But what I would like to do is mirror a fraction of incoming traffic to the new version of the service so I can do some comparisons between an original version and the new version based on real traffic. Thus I was thinking I could modify one box behind the ELB to duplicate its traffic to the test1. I was thinking I could modify the configuration of lighttpd so that each request is mirrored/duplicated. i.e. the original service keeps responding as before but a mirror request is sent to test1 but the reply is just dropped). Unfortunately I have not been able to work this out. Any ideas on how I could mirror the requests from one box to itself and test1. Or any other ideas for testing.

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• How to mount /tmp in /mnt on EC2?

  - by Claudio Poli

  I was wondering what is the best way to mount the /tmp endpoint in the ephemeral storage /mnt on an EC2 instance and give the ubuntu user default write permissions. Some suggest editing /etc/rc.local this way: mkdir -p /mnt/tmp && mount --bind -o nobootwait /mnt/tmp /tmp However that doesn't work for me (files differs). I tried editing the default fstab entry: /dev/xvdb /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2 replacing /mnt with /tmp and and giving it a umask=0777, however it doesn't work because of cloudconfig. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks.

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• Flash Media Server won't run on RHEL 6.2 EC2 instance - _defaultRoot__edge1 experienced 1 failure

  - by edoloughlin

  I've got a fresh Redhat Enterprise 6.2 64-bit instance on EC2. I've turned off the firewall and have installed an FMS 4.5 dev server. The FMS install failed, complaining about a missing libcap.so until I installed the libcap.i686 package. The following libcap packages are now installed: libcap.i686 2.16-5.5.el6 @rhui-us-east-1-rhel-server-releases libcap.x86_64 2.16-5.5.el6 @koji-override-0/$releasever libcap-ng.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 @koji-override-0/$releasever libpcap.x86_64 14:1.0.0-6.20091201git117cb5.el6 In the logs directory I have admin and master logs (only). The admin logs look ok: #Fields: date time x-pid x-status x-ctx x-comment 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2581173 FMS detected IPv6 protocol stack! - 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2581173 FMS config <NetworkingIPv6 enable=false> - 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2581173 FMS running in IPv4 protocol stack mode! - 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2581173 Host: ip-10-204-143-55 IPv4: 10.204.143.55 - 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2571011 Server starting... - 2012-02-29 09:24:26 1144 (i)2631174 Listener started ( FCSAdminIpcProtocol ) : localhost:11110/v4 - 2012-02-29 09:24:27 1144 (i)2631174 Listener started ( FCSAdminAdaptor ) : 1111/v4 - 2012-02-29 09:24:28 1144 (i)2571111 Server started (./conf/Server.xml). - I can't connect an RTMP client to the FMS. The master logs contain these lines, repeating every 5 seconds: 2012-02-29 10:43:17 1076 (i)2581226 Edge (2790) is no longer active. - 2012-02-29 10:43:17 1076 (w)2581255 Edge (2790) _defaultRoot__edge1 experienced 1 failure[s]! - 2012-02-29 10:43:17 1076 (i)2581224 Edge (2793) started, arguments : -edgeports ":1935,80" -coreports "localhost:19350" -conf "/opt/adobe/fms/conf/Server.xml" -adaptor "_defaultRoot_" -name "_defaultRoot__edge1" -edgename "edge1". -

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• Monit unable to start sidekiq on Opsworks server

  - by webdevtom

  I have used AWS Opsworks to create some servers. I have Sidekiq running as part of my Rails application. When I deploy Sidekiq restarts nicely. I am configuring Monit to watch the pid and start and stop Sidekiq if there are any issues. However when Monit trys to start Sidekiq I see that the wrong Ruby looks to be used. Oct 17 13:52:43 daitengu sidekiq: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/bundler-1.3.4/lib/bundler/definition.rb:361:in `validate_ruby!': Your Ruby version is 1.8.7, but your Gemfile specified 1.9.3 (Bundler::RubyVersionMismatch) Oct 17 13:52:43 daitengu sidekiq: from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/bundler-1.3.4/lib/bundler.rb:116:in `setup' Oct 17 13:52:43 daitengu sidekiq: from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/bundler-1.3.4/lib/bundler/setup.rb:17 When I run the command from the cli Sidekiq launches correctly. $> cd /srv/www/myapp/current && RAILS_ENV=production nohup /usr/local/bin/bundle exec sidekiq -C config/sidekiq.yml >> /srv/www/myapp/shared/log/sidekiq.log 2>&1 & $> ps -aef |grep sidekiq root 1236 1235 8 20:54 pts/0 00:00:50 sidekiq 2.11.0 myapp [0 of 25 busy] My sidekiq.monitrc file check process unicorn with pidfile /srv/www/myapp/shared/pids/unicorn.pid start program = "/bin/bash -c 'cd /srv/www/myapp/current && /usr/local/bin/bundle exec unicorn_rails --env production --daemonize -c /srv/www/myapp/shared/config/unicorn.conf'" stop program = "/bin/bash -c 'kill -QUIT `cat /srv/www/myapp/shared/pids/unicorn.pid`'"

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• Wordpress site on EC2 instance suddenly superslow

  - by Emil

  Set up a wordpress page the other day following this guide. The site was up and running, loading quickly and all was well, until today. Suddenly, loading the site takes forever and doesn't even work properly, the page shows up in an incomplete fashion. I tried rebooting the instance but that didn't help. The only actions I've taken on the server is to create an elastic IP, and to point a domainname to that IP. But I don't see how that could've slowed down the page. Any thoughts on what could have caused this and on a solution to the problem?

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• Linux halts every few seconds

  - by Zeppomedio

  We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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• Keeps "SSH timeout" error in our AWS instance- how do i diagnose?

  - by ming yeow

  I am befuddled by this error. We keep failing to SSH into our AWS instance, whether it is is deployment or via console. I have tried rebooting a few times, but it does not seem to be helping. Here are a couple of error messages i keep getting. connection failed for: HOST.NAME.amazonaws.com (Errno::ETIMEDOUT: Operation timed out - connect(2)) 111.222.333.444: ssh connection failed at 2010-07-02 03:39:37 I also SSHed in when it was up, and monitored "top" when ssh times out. looking at the memory logs, it does not look like any program was hogging

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• java.lang.OutOfMemoryError on ec2 machine

  - by vinchan

  I have a java app on a large instance that will spawn up to 800 threads. I can run the application fine as user "root" but not as another user which I created. I get the deadly. java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread at java.lang.Thread.start0(Native Method) at java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:657) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.addWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:943) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1325) nightmare. I have tried increasing the stack size already in limits.conf to no avail. Please, help me out. What is different here for the root and other user?

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• AWS forwarding email to a gmail account

  - by user2433617

  So I registered a domain name. I then set up a static webpage using aws (S3 and Rout53). Now what I want to do is forward any email I get from that custom domain name to a personal email address I have set up. I can't seem to figure out how to do this. I have these record sets already: A NS SOA CNAME I believe I have to set up an MX record but not sure how. say I have the custom domain [email protected] and I want to redirect all email to [email protected]. The personal email account is a gmail (google accounts) email address. Thanks.

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• Good/Better config for MySQL on an EC2 Large Instance

  - by Tim Reynolds

  I have an EC2 Large instance dedicated to MySQL. It will be serving a Joomla/Magento combo so it has a blend of InnoDB and MyISAM tables. I have only worked with MyISAM in the past and am therefore unfamiliar with the settings InnoDB uses. Experiments so far have been less than fruitful, as I keep causing the InnoDB engine to be disabled. My instance is running Ubuntu 10.04 64 bit server edition and has ~7.5G of ram. MySQL is currently using ~0.6% of that, with somewhat poor performance. I would like to configure it to use as much of the system RAM as is reasonable. Testing some settings I learned that the InnoDB logs can't collectively be larger than 4G. Would anyone be able to provide some base InnoDB and MyISAM settings to get my started. Thank you Tim

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• EC2 custom topology

  - by Methos

  Is there any way to create a desired topology of EC2 instances? For example, can I create a 3 node topology of nodes A, B, C where C gets the public IP address and B and A are connected to it. Something like: Internet <-- C <-- B <-- A B and A only get private IP addresses and there is no way for the traffic to reach A before hitting B and C. This means I can install whatever I want to install on C and B to filter, cache etc. I'm going through EC2 documentation but so far I have not seen anything that talks about it. I will really appreciate if anyone knows how to do this on EC2

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• How can I poll different aws sqs in the same process?

  - by Luccas

  What is the right way to poll from differents AWS SQS in the same process? Suppose I have a ruby script: listen_queues.rb and run it. Should I need to create threads to wrap each SQS poll or start sub processes? t1 = Thread.new do queue1.poll do |msg| .... end t2 = Thread.new do queue2.poll do |msg| .... end t2.join I tried this code, but the poll is not receiving any of the messages available. When I run only one of them (t1 or t2), it works. But I need the 2 running. What is going on? Thanks!!

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• Can I use nginx to start EC2 instances on demand?

  - by Gabe Hollombe

  TL;DR - Is there a way to make nginx act as an elastic load balancer that will spin up EC2 instances on demand, allowing for the case when periods of no demand mean no instances will be running? Longer explanation - I have an nginx server that proxy_pass'es requests to a server on EC2. This server doesn't get many requests, so I'd like to keep the server spun down during periods of inactivity (I already have a script to do this). Then, when the instance is spun down and nginx gets a request for that instance, it will time out when trying to get a response from it. At this point, can I somehow trigger a shell command on the server to use EC2's command line tools to spin up the instance, then re-try the user's request after it has started?

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• How do you create large, growable, shared filesystems on Linux at AWS?

  - by Reece

  What are acceptable/reasonable/best ways to provide large, growable, shared storage at AWS, exposed as a single filesystem? We're currently making 1TB EBS volumes ~biweekly and NFS exporting with no_subtree_check and nohide. In this setup, distinct exports appear under a single mount on the client. This arrangement does not scale well. The options we've considered: LVM2 with ext4. resize2fs is too slow. Btrfs on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet. ZFS on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet (although LLNL uses it) ZFS on Solaris. future of this combo is uncertain (to me), and new OS in the mix glusterfs. heard mostly good but two scary (and maybe old?) stories. The ideal solution would provide sharing, a single fs view, easy expandability, snapshots, and replication. Thanks for sharing ideas and experience.

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• “Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table”

  - by Simpanoz

  Iam newbie to EC2 and Ubuntu 11 (EC2 Free tier Ubuntu). I have made following commands. sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf6 sudo mkdir /db sudo vim /etc/fstab /dev/xvdf6 /db ext4 noatime,noexec,nodiratime 0 0 sudo mount /dev/xvdf6 /db fdisk -l I got following output. Can some one guide me what I am doing wrong and how it can be rectified. Disk /dev/xvda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdf6: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 783 cylinders, total 12582912 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdf6 doesn't contain a valid partition table.

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• What ports to open in aws security group for aws?

  - by HarrisonJackson

  I am building the backend for a turn based gamed. My experience is mostly with a lamp stack; I've dabbled in nginx on a node side project. I just read Scaling PHP Applications by Stephen Corona of Twit Pic. He recommends an nginx server over apache. He says that his ubuntu machine has 32768-61000 ports open. On AWS do I need to modify my security to group to allow access to those ports? How do I ensure nginx is taking full advantage of this configuration?

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• Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

  - by Tom Lagier

  We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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