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• How to get pngcrush to overwrite original files?

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  I've read through man pngcrush and it seems that there is no way to crush a PNG file and save it over the original. I want to compress several folders worth of PNGs so it would be useful to do it all with one command! Currently I am doing pngcrush -q -d . *.png then manually cut-pasting the files from the tmp directory to the original folder. So I guess using mv might be the best way to go? Any better ideas?

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• How do I log into bash shell only?

  - by Tom D

  On my home desktop I want to use Ubuntu Unity sometimes and just the bash shell (without any gui) other times. Is it possible to set up a login option where I can choose between using the Unity GUI or just the shell? For example, on the Ubuntu login screen I can choose among Unity, Gnome Shell, XFCE, etc. An option there for just the Bash shell command line would be ideal. I'm not trying to invite "why would you do that" debate here. I have my reasons. Thanks.

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• Gnome-Screenshot error in Ubuntu GNOME 13.10

  - by Lucas Zanella

  I recently installed Ubuntu GNOME 13.10 (it came with GNOME 3.8, but I replaced by GNOME 3.10) and after a few problems, the only one I couldn't solve was the screenshot problem. When I press the PrtSc key, nothing happens. No sound, no nothing. When I execute it via Terminal by writing "Gnome-Screenshot", it does work and saves in my Pictures folder. I have already tried to re-install the program, but still didn't work. I also tried to create a shortcut with this command line, but still nothing happend. I tried to replace the PrtSc key by another one, just for make sure the problem wasn't in the key, and it still failed. Can anyone help me?

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• How to find the list of all available packages along with the lastest version number available in the repositories?

  - by Avinash Raj

  I want to list all the packages(installed or not installed) along with the latest version number available in the repositories. For example: The output of apt-cache policy chromium-browser shows like below $ apt-cache policy chromium-browser chromium-browser: Installed: (none) Candidate: 34.0.1847.116-0ubuntu2 Version table: 34.0.1847.116-0ubuntu2 0 500 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages So the latest version of chromium-browser package available in the repository is 34.0.1847.116-0ubuntu2. Like that, i want to list the version number along with the package names that are available in repositories. And all i want to do this through command-line. I want the output to be like this, chromium-browser 34.0.1847.116-0ubuntu2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx yyyyyyyyyyy ............ ............

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• How to reset .bashrc file which edited before to set PATH ANDROID sdk

  - by revan

  bash: export: `/home/entw/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local /bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/bin': not a valid identifier bash: /home/entw/.bashrc: line 111: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"' bash: /home/entw/.bashrc: line 112: syntax error: unexpected end of file entw@entwine-desktop:~$ This is the error i frequently getting in terminal, shows when opend termianl. The following commands i applied in terminal, sudo gedit $HOME/.bashrc and added some path varable like android SDK, and run the following command source ~/.bashrc got the error in terminal bash: export: `/home/entw/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local /bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/bin': not a valid identifier bash: /home/entw/.bashrc: line 111: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"' bash: /home/entw/.bashrc: line 112: syntax error: unexpected end of file entw@entwine-desktop:~$ but if i try to open agin that file shows the error file or directory not found. what do i do to set all correct ??, please any help? This forum i tried [forum]: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=919425 "--point 2"

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• How do I reset proxy in terminal to automatic if not connected via proxy

  - by therealnube

  Well,all I ever wanted was to download and install an application from the terminal. And to my surprise I just can't I tried to reset proxy of the terminal by some commands but it doesn't happen and automatically switches back to this proxy 172.16.0.16 (which apparently was my college proxy). I checked in my system settings too.. I don't understand why this is recurring. Please be comprehensive,I am a nube :) Also I further would like to know how to bypass proxy server since I couldn't access any of the repositories as they were blocked in my college's proxy settings as is Ubuntu's homepage. Thanks for your time. For sudo ls /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ it displays a different set of options where proxy is not listed.I am on 12.10,if this should help any.I put a snap of the terminal after the above command has been entered.

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• 12.04 boots into terminal after first install. How to boot into GUI permanently?

  - by Deniz

  As a person with a quite limited CLI experience I congratulate myself on installing Ubuntu on an ancient non-pae Fujitsu Amilo M1425 thru the network with mini.iso. However upon reboot I'm met w/ the following: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS ubuntu-fujitsu tty1 ubuntu-fujitsu login: for which my specified login during setup is not accepted. (I'm quite sure its correct) Let's assume this screen is passed, how to start the GUI and make it the permanent option during boot? This box will return to a mostly comp-illiterate person, for which the existence of ubuntu will be an enough shock already. Wouldn't wanna leave him w/o the GUI. Other posts here mention the command startx but I probably need a login in the first place.. So "why won't it accept my login & how can I make the GUI-boot permanent?" is my question. Thanks in advance.

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• Boots up into Terminal

  - by Jacob Larson

  I am running a 64 bit version of Ubuntu 12.04.1, and I when I boot up, I am thrown (Rather violently. :P) a full-sized terminal, instead of my lovely GUI login screen.. So I looked around and tried the "startx" command, which works like a charm. Only problem is that now, I have no clue how to keep it from booting to the terminal every time, and boot up into the regular GUI with all my stuff. I did install some kernel updates the night before, though I restarted my computer twice after I had done so without a problem. Thanks for your time!

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• using egrep to find missing @ in log

  - by jols

  I am using the following command to find log entries that are the result of a log in to the email server: egrep '_login[^ ]' /var/log/exim_mainlog That works fine to find entries that contain content like this: P=esmtpa A=courier_login:[email protected] S=1573 id=f1cd08396,... But what I need to do is to change my grep statement, so that it finds single word logins that do not use the @ sign, like so: P=esmtpa A=courier_login:name S=1573 id=f1cd08396,... Where the log in before was "[email protected]", but in the second log entry, the log in used was only "name". Is this possible using grep or egrep, perhaps in some kind of a compound statement? Thanks much.

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• What terminal emulators are available for heavy terminal users?

  - by Noah Goodrich

  I spend a lot of time at the command-line during the workday and at home too since I run Ubuntu exclusively. I've been using the default gnome terminal but I've reached a point where I'd really like to get my terminal tricked out so that my common tasks are as easy as possible. Specifically, I find that I spend of lot of time browsing code in the terminal and working in config files. On my wish list would be: Ability to have multiple screens, tabs, windows (I don't have a preference at this point) that I can easily switch between. Color coding for everything Easy to modify the aesthetics of the terminal (is it vain to want my terminal to look nice?) such as transparency, borders, etc.

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• How do I cancel a time-delayed screenshot?

  - by coversnail

  I'm using the default screenshot application that comes with Ubuntu gnome-screenshot When I was using it earlier to take screenshots of the lock screen I had set a long time delay, but forgot to change it back after I'd finished. When I next took a timed screenshot I had to wait a long time for it to take because the delay was still set so long. Clicking the icon to relaunch the screenshot application has no effect whilst the timer is in effect, I imagine there is probably a simple terminal command to shut down an application, but I don't know it! Is there a way to do this?

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• What does "0 is wrong flag id" mean?

  - by Andreas

  When I edit system files, for example when I edit rules for my trackpoint using this command: gksu gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/trackpoint.rules I get the following errors in the terminal (after closing gedit and saving the file): error: line 10034: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 10034: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 11351: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 11351: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 11849: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 11849: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 15609: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 15609: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 19814: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 23363: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 23363: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 26005: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 26005: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 26846: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 26846: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 28718: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 31695: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 31695: 0 is wrong flag id error: line 35272: 0 is wrong flag id This goes on up until line 150400. The changes are applied as desired, but can somebody explain the error to me as I'm a newbie and just trying to get a clue about the terminal.

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• How to protect Ubuntu from fork bomb

  - by dblang

  I heard someone talking about a fork bomb, I did some research and found some dreadful information about some strange looking characters people can have you type at the command line and as a result do bad things on the computer. I certainly would not issue commands I do not understand but one never knows what can happen. I heard that some OS allows the administrator to place some limit on user processes to mitigate the effects of fork bombs, is this protection in Ubuntu by default or would a person with sudo privilege have to set this? If so, how?

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• Reverse all words in current line

  - by KasiyA

  I have a file and I want to reverse all word in it. Read line as long as (.) not seen, or seen (\n), if found first (.) in line then It is a word , so reverse this word and continue reading for next word in current line until end of file. ex input file: DCBA. HGFE.GI MLK,PON.RQ UTS. ZYXWV. 321 ex output file: (What I Want) ABCD. EFGH.IG KLM,NOP.QR STU. VWXYZ. 123 With this sed script: sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//' in the entire line is reversed. The wrong output produced by the command above: IG.EFGH .ABCD QR.NOP,KLM 123 .VWXYZ .STU How can I get my desired output? Thanks for your help

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• Can't Enter Password in Recovery Mode

  - by Mike Lentini

  When I go into recovery mode to get to the command line, I enter "telinit 3" to drop out of root. This works on my desktop, but on my laptop it asks for my username and password, then I hit enter and the first letter of my password appears and it doesn't log me in. It then proceeds to ask me for my username and password again, and the issue continues. Am I doing something wrong? Is this a known issue with a solution? EDIT: Worked around this by going into /etc/default/grub and setting it to boot in text mode. Still would like a solution for this though.

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• make icon for firefox 24 on ubuntu 13.04

  - by nish

  how does one make a shortcut for firefox ( like any other application that has an icon) that has a command firefox 24 run from terminal. Reason i had to uninstall previous version ( 20 ) of firefox was because it was crashing often. This version ( 24 ) is stable ( and looks like it will continue to be so ). I am at present running from terminal firefox 24. Need that I make an icon which opens it and most important overlay menu ( like in mac) which is not happening at present. ( image link provided ) http://imgur.com/edk0oAl

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• Find the latest file by modified date

  - by Rich

  If I want to find the latest file (mtime) in a (big) directory containing subdirectories, how would I do it? Lots of posts I've found suggest some variation of ls -lt | head (amusingly, many suggest ls -ltr | tail which is the same but less efficient) which is fine unless you have subdirectories (I do). Then again, you could find . -type f -exec ls -lt \{\} \+ | head which will definitely do the trick for as many files as can be specified by one command, i.e. if you have a big directory, -exec...\+ will issue separate commands; therefore each group will be sorted by ls within itself but not over the total set; the head will therefore pick up the lastest entry of the first batch. Any answers?

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• Ubuntu 12.04 LTS can't add Cheese widget

  - by Burke Hodgson

  Command-line 12.04 Cheese (cheese:4144): Gtk-WARNING **: Attempting to add a widget with type GtkImage to a GtkToggleButton, but as a GtkBin subclass a GtkToggleButton can only contain one widget at a time; it already contains a widget of type GtkLabel Is there a fix so that Cheese will work in Ubuntu 12.04? The program comes up but the webcam area is black. I am running Unity 2D on a T42 Thinkpad. All programs similar to Cheese recognize my webcam as does Skype, but I really like Cheese and the error message may be ominous for other software failures.

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• How to merge two .iso images

  - by pgrytdal

  I am following this tutorial to install Android onto my computer VIA Virtual Box. My problem is, they want you to download liveandroidv0.3.iso.001 liveandroidv0.3.iso.002 then they want you to merge these two files with cat liveandroidv0.3.iso.001 liveandroidv0.3.iso.002 > liveandroidv0.3.iso in the Terminal. The problem is, when I run the command, I get the following output cat liveandroidv0.3.iso.001 liveandroidv0.3.iso.002 > liveandroidv0.3.iso cat: liveandroidv0.3.iso.001: No such file or directory cat: liveandroidv0.3.iso.002: No such file or directory So, I was wondering if there was an alternative way to merge these files? Or if you guy's could help me merge them this way? Extra info: OS: Ubuntu 12.10 I downloaded the files to my /downloads folder in my home directory.

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• image viewer: png vs gif

  - by David Oneill

  I have a bunch of files that have .png extension. However, some of them are actually gif files. Any of the files, I can open them w/ gimp or view them in firefox, but when I try to open them with the Eye of Gnome viewer, it gives an error "Could not load image: Fatal error reading PNG image file: Not a PNG file" Is there: Another image viewer that can open files with incorrect extensions that I could use as default? It would need to have the ability to zoom in and out on images, and scroll through all the images in a folder via arrow keys. An automated way to rename the files that are actually gif files to the correct extensions? Choice 2 is preferred, but I don't now how to tell what type they are. I would be able to put together a bash script to do the renaming if there is a command that could tell me what type they are.

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• Whenever I try to remove a Debian package I receive an Error

  - by Brenton Horne

  Whenever I type into the terminal the command: sudo dpkg -r '/home/brentonhorne/Downloads/virtualbox.deb' I receive the error: dpkg: error: --remove needs a valid package name but '/home/brentonhorne/Downloads/virtualbox.deb' is not: illegal package name in specifier '/home/brentonhorne/Downloads/virtualbox.deb': must start with an alphanumeric character Type dpkg --help for help about installing and deinstalling packages [*]; Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management; Type dpkg -Dhelp for a list of dpkg debug flag values; Type dpkg --force-help for a list of forcing options; Type dpkg-deb --help for help about manipulating *.deb files; Options marked [*] produce a lot of output - pipe it through `less' or `more' ! How do I get around this problem?

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• How to use a zenity progress bar with cclive

  - by Winael

  I tried to use a zenity progress bar with cclive. I'm writting a script to download web videos files and I wanna see the progression of the download. But when I try something like $cclive <url> 2>&1 | zenity --progress But when I execute the command line but it not seems to work. Any idea of how I can do that ? BR, [Edit] cclive have this kind of output : cclive http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=youtubevideo Checking ... .......... ..........done. youtubevideo.flv 2.5M 75.8K/s 00:09:29 5% So I need to send the last part to sdout but I dont know how. Else and about pulsate, we can't see th progression with this option, and I really need it... So I will not using pulsate for this script.

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• node-xmpp-bosh error on Ubuntu 11.10

  - by megueloby

  I am newbie in Linux word. I want to implement a bosh server. Because it is hard on Windows platform I decided to deploy it on a Ubuntu virtual machine via vmware. I made installation without problems. I followed the processes on this page. Now I want to test my bosh server with the command sudo bosh or sudo /etc/init.d/bosh start, after typing those I get on the terminal Starting bosh server after, nothing. I looked on the bosh.err file and I see exec: 2: /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js: Permission denied I don? t know why this error with sudo. When I try ls -l /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js it show -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4889 2012-04-01 18:50 /usr/local/lib/bosh/run-server.js How can I make bosh start?

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• How do I make the directories in a zip file relative to the target directory instead of my working directory

  - by Nathan

  I'm calling the zip command from a script where I cannot change directory. I need to make a zip file of the stuff in data/kit123/ from the directory which data resides in, but I want the contents of the zip to only be the contents of kit123, with paths relative to kit123. This is the directory structure myworkingdir data kit123 kitpart1 file.xcf anotherfile.xcf kitpart2 ... kit124 ... My script runs in myworkingdir and cannot change directories. If I call zip -r kit123.zip data/kit123 then the structure in the zip file will be data kit123 kitpart1 file.xcf anotherfile.xcf kitpart2 but I want it to be kit123 kitpart1 file.xcf anotherfile.xcf kitpart2 Is there a zip option I can use to accomplish this? It seems odd that it should depend on my working directory I know it's not -j. that one destroys the structure within kit123

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• Where do lucid-updates come from?

  - by timbooo

  Considering the following command: # apt-get --simulate --show-upgraded upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be upgraded: libimobiledevice0 libpam-ck-connector libparted0debian1 Inst libimobiledevice0 [0.9.7-1ubuntu1] (0.9.7-1ubuntu1.2 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates) Inst libpam-ck-connector [0.4.1-3ubuntu1] (0.4.1-3ubuntu2 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates) Inst libparted0debian1 [2.2-5ubuntu5.1] (2.2-5ubuntu5.2 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates) [...] I can read an Inst line as the following: Inst <package> [<oldversion>] (<newversion> Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates) Can someone tell me where the Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates comes from? - Considering an own repository, how is this configurable?

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