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• Restricting access to a subdirectory on linux

  - by David

  I'm looking for a way to make a directory accessible only to its parent directories. That is, suppose you have two directories, A and B, at the same level in the file hierarchy. Now suppose that you have a directory A' which is a subdirectory of A. I'd like to enforce that A is able to access the contents of A' but B is not. My problem is that I'd like to use a library (directory A) which builds on top of a legacy version of another library (directory A'). At the same time, I want to be able to use the newest version of this legacy library (directory B). I want to make sure that people aren't somehow using library A and linking against new library B by enforcing that library A must use library A'. I could just link A against library B, but then I'm risking compatibility.

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• Why do we still have to use drive letters to identify file systems?

  - by Charles E. Grant

  A friend has run into a problem where they installed Windows 7 from an external drive, and the internal boot drive is now assigned to H:. Theoretically this shouldn't cause problems because there are programming interfaces for getting the drive letter for the system drive. In practice though, there are quite a few programs that assume that C: is the only possible location for the system directories, and they refuse to run with the system directories on H:. That's not Microsoft's fault, but it's a pain none-the-less. The general consensus seems to be that a re-install, setting the internal boot drive to C:, is the only way to avoid fix these problems. UNIX-like systems display all file systems in a single unified directory tree and mostly seem to avoid problems like this. Is it possible to configure a Windows system without reference to drive letters, or does the importance of backwards compatibility mean that Windows will be working with drive letters from now until doomsday?

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• rsync to cifs mount but preserve permissions

  - by weberwithoneb

  I'm backing up a linux server to a windows share. I'm currently mounting the windows share with cifs and using rsync for incremental backups. File permissions and ownership are not being preserved, as should be expected after reading this samba document: The core CIFS protocol does not provide unix ownership information or mode for files and directories. Because of this, files and directories will generally appear to be owned by whatever values the uid= or gid= options are set, and will have permissions set to the default file_mode and dir_mode for the mount. How can I achieve my goal of preserving unix file permissions while writing to a windows share? Is there another network file system that would allow me to do this? Thanks.

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• SugarCRM CE Won't Install on Ubuntu 10.10

  - by Trenton Scott

  I have a fresh copy of Ubuntu 10.10 server with a working LAMP installation. I downloaded SugarCRM and browsed to its directory to open the installer (via Firefox). The installer appears fine, I accept the license agreement, and it proceeds to check file permissions. It advises that several directories need looser permissions (chmod 766), and I adjust them accordingly. After making the changes, I click "recheck" and the page just reloads as blank (white). There are no errors visible, nothing in the server logs (Apache/PHP) and installation cannot continue. I'm able to get back to the installation tool by readjusting permissions back to my default (0755 for directories, 0644 for files). All files/folders are owned by root and the www-data group. Any idea about what's wrong?

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• Robocopy, do not overwrite existing files, but copy the changed / new ones

  - by I don't know.

  Is it possible to mirror the two directories without overwritting the files in destination directory with new/changed/deleted files. Something like snapshots. Example: Copy the source directory with all files and sub-directories to destination directory, but if destination directory contains, for example, file A.xls and A.xls has been changed in source directory then copy A.xls but keep the previous A in destination directory as well. To preserve the previous file a datestamp, or counter can be added to the file name. Example after copy: SomeDirectory |--A.xls |--A_20120701.xls |--A_20120920.xls Thank you.

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• Monitor or log directory permission changes?

  - by Myles

  I'm having an issue with a cPanel shared server running CentOS 5 where a few directories under the public_html folder keep getting changed to 777 from 755. The customer says they are not changing it and i'm wondering if there is a way to monitor these specific directories to find out who/what is changing the permissions. I have looked into using auditctl and after testing it and changing the permissions myself I don't see anything in the logs so i'm not sure if i'm doing it right or if it's even possible. Does anybody have any suggestions or ideas on how I could figure out what is changing the permissions? Thanks!!

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• /srv/mm/Music (etc) Twonky won't scan here for media

  - by Hamid

  Is there something special about /srv/mm/ that Twonky server refuses to scan there? I previously had my system set up with all my Music, Video and Photo folders in /srv/mm shared by Samba, miniDLNA etc, with no problems. I came to install Twonky to replace miniDLNA and after two days of tearing my hair out, changing permissions and owners of the directories I ended up making a new directory at /multimedia and moved my Music, Video and Photo folders in there. Twonky then scanned them all straight away with no problems. I'm running Arch Linux (plugapps specifically) on a NAS. The solution is already implemented (moving the directory) I'm just wondering technically why Twonky might have refused to look for my media in the /srv/mm directories.

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• SAMBA and Linux ACLs -- "Permission denied" on write to share but file written nevertheless

  - by MCH

  I set up a writable share directory "/home/net/share" with acl like this: sudo mkdir -p "/home/net/share" sudo setfacl -m "u:localuser:rwx,u:remoteuser:rwx,g:users:rwx" "/home/net/share" My /etc/samba/smb.conf looks like this: [global] workgroup = w server string = server security = user load printers = no log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log max log size = 50 dns proxy = no printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes encrypt passwords = true invalid users = nobody root follow symlinks = yes wide links = yes [share] comment = Writable by localuser and remoteuser path = /home/net/share valid users = remoteuser read only = no public = no printable = no Locally, localuser and remoteuser have user accounts and smbpasswds and can both read, create and delete files in /home/net/share. But when I log on from a different machine (like this: sudo mount -t cifs //server/share mountpoint/ -o username=remoteuser ), I get "Permission denied" both when trying to create directories and files, oddly though, it does create files (not directories!) despite these messages! How can I get this working?

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• How can I automatically convert all source code files in a folder (recursively) to a single PDF with syntax highlighting?

  - by Bentley4

  I would like to convert source code of a few projects to one printable file to save on a usb and print out easily later. How can I do that? Edit First off I want to clarify that I only want to print the non-hidden files and directories(so no contents of .git e.g.). To get a list of all non-hidden files in non-hidden directories in the current directory you can run the find . -type f ! -regex ".*/\..*" ! -name ".*" command as seen as the answer in this thread. As suggested in that same thread I tried making a pdf file of the files by using the command find . -type f ! -regex ".*/\..*" ! -name ".*" ! -empty -print0 | xargs -0 a2ps -1 --delegate no -P pdf but unfortunately the resulting pdf file is a complete mess.

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• Java Development in Linux

  - by Zac

  I'm a developer and am brand new to Linux (Ubuntu): I'm wondering what the "best practices dictate" for what FHS directories to install various tools to. Things I'll be installing: Eclipse & plugins GlassFish SVN ...etc. I see that /opt is for holding additional ("optional") software packages, but also see /usr as a place for utils and apps. In another post a user recommended I create an entire partition for /srv alone, and to do my staging there (I assume he meant that /srv is where GlassFish and other servers should go?). So basically: what FHS directories do Linux developers use for which type of tools? Thanks for any input here

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• How to set default permissions for automounted FAT drives in Ubuntu 9.10?

  - by piman

  I've got many FAT32 drives that I'd like to mount in Ubuntu such that they have permission mode 700 for directories and 600 for all other files. By default, they have 755 for all files, which is not particularly useful since almost no non-directories should be executable, and it screws up version control repos hosted on the drives. "Back in the day" I would have had the drives listed in /etc/fstab with the umask/dmask I want and there was no such thing as a default. These days, drives automount under their volume names. Which is great, except now I have no idea how to set the default. I have tried changing the /system/storage/default_options/vfat/mount_options gconf key with no apparently effect. It was 077 initially but the mounted drive reflected a default of 022; changing it and re-inserting the drives resulted in the files still having permission bits of 755.

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• Why the huge discrepancy in size between two similar zip files

  - by twpc

  I use WinZip to zip entire directories of code and send them to a fellow programmer. He makes changes and sends the directories of code back to me. Ignoring the fact that this is not a good way to keep the code clean when we are both working on it, I notice that his zip files are far smaller than mine, with basically the same data inside (mine range around 36,000 KB, his 2,000 KB). I believe he is also using WinZip. What's going on here, and how can I make mine "more compressed"?

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• Is there a program that will show a tree of the differences in two file trees?

  - by Huckle

  In windows I manually back up from time to time by formatting my external drive and copying the contents of my data partition over. Inevitably there is a difference in the number and size of the files copied because of system files, etc. Is there a program that would diff two directories recursively and compile the differences into a nice GUI tree that I could peruse (preferably filter) to ensure that everything I want made it over to the drive? It should only show files that are not in both directories. (Also, please ignore the inadequacy of my backup solution)

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• Files copying between servers by creation time

  - by driftux

  My bash scripting knowledge is very weak that's why I'm asking help here. What is the most effective bash script according to performance to find and copy files from one LINUX server to another using specifications described below. I need to get a bash script which finds only new files created in server A in directories with name "Z" between interval from 0 to 10 minutes ago. Then transfer them to server B. I think it can be done by formatting a query and executing it for each founded new file "scp /X/Y.../Z/file root@hostname:/X/Y.../Z/" If script finds no such remote path on server B it will continue copying second file which directory exists. File should be copied with permissions, group, owner and creation time. X/Y... are various directories path. I want setup a cron job to execute this script every 10 minutes. So the performance is very important in this case. Thank you.

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• Possible to recover older, previously deleted files with R-studio?

  - by SteveO

  The files and directories on one of my ntfs partition were wiped out last time. I used R-studio to scan the partition, and it did find many files, actually more than the capacity of the partition. This is because R-studio found files that were deleted even earlier. So I wonder if it is possible to specify those files and directories deleted last time instead of those deleted earlier for recovery? R-studio has a free demo version, for which scanning is free,but recovery isn't. It is downloadable from http://www.data-recovery-software.net/Data_Recovery_Download.shtml Its manual is here http://www.r-tt.com/downloads/Recovery_Manual.pdf. I have tried my best to search for answers in the manual, but failed to find one. Their technical support is not as good as their software, and helpless usually in my opinion. Thanks!

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• Directory "Bookmarking" in Linux

  - by Jason R. Mick

  Aside from aliasing and links, is there an easy way in Linux to tag commonly used directories and to navigate to a commonly used directory from the terminal. To be clear the disadvantages I see with alternative approaches, and why I want a bookmark/favorites like system: alias Cons: Too specific (every new favorite requires a new alias...although you could in theory make an alias that echo append your dir as a new alias, which would be sort of clever). Can't nest favorites in folders (can't think of a simple solution to this outside of heavy config scripting). links Cons: Clutter directory make ls a headache. pushd/popd Cons: Non-permanent (without shell config file scripting), can't nest favorites in directories, etc. Granted I have multiple ideas for making my own non-standard solution, but before I have at it I wanted to get some perspective on what's out there and if there is nothing, what is a recommended approach. Does anyone know of such a favorites/bookmark-like terminal solution?

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• Remote I/O costs with a Content Delivery Network

  - by x711Li

  As far as I know, the time complexity of scanning a directory and the amount of files in said directory are correlated due to I/O costs. Would the administrative costs of placing the files in a hashed directory tree for uploading/downloading files through a CDN API be worth it for the added efficiency? For instance, given a filename foo.mp3, the MD5 hash for this is 10ebb1120767e9de166e0f5905077cb1. Thus, storing foo.mp3 in ./10/eb/foo.mp3 would allow for less files per directory (assuming MD5 generates patterns with in Base36, this allows for 36^2 root directories with 36^2 subdirectories each and little chance of hash collision) Considering the directories themselves are not loaded, would the I/O costs of directory scanning still exist with direct uploading/downloading?

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• mod_rewrite hide subdirectory in return url part2

  - by user64790

  Hi I am having an issue trying to get my mod_rewrite configuration correctly i have a site: 0.0.0.0/oldname/directories/index.php I would like to rename "oldname" to "newname" resulting in: 0.0.0.0/newname/directories/index.php etc.. So when a user navigates to 0.0.0.0 my site will automatically send them to 0.0.0.0/oldname/index.php I'm not planning on moving my content marketing have asked me to rename the site folder I would like to mask the request of 0.0.0.0/oldname/index.php to 0.0.0.0/newname/index.php Also if a user navigates from index.php to an link of say /oldname/project1/index.Php the final browsers returned URL will be /newname/project1.php without having to move or edit site links. I also understand my hyperlinks will refer to /oldname but this is acceptable any help would be highly appreciated. Regards

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• How to find all photos taken in April - any April?

  - by Mawg

  I have 100+ gB of photos going back 25 years. They are arranged in a directory tree by category, with nested sub-directories. How can I make a search for all photos taken in a given month, say April, in any of those directories? I don't think that a Windows search will work as that will probably be the file creation data, which could be a month or two later wen I finally more the files from SD card to PC. Perhaps searching the EXIF data? Is there a free program which can do that?

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• How can I sort ls by owner and group ?

  - by Annan

  How can I list directories with ls and sort them by their owner and group?

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• ntp.conf sync to local machines

  - by anonym

  I have 2 linux machines, they do not have internet connectivity or any other means of getting an external clock. I need one of them to act as the "master"/server and the other machine to sync it's clock to that server. It's not important that the time is correct, it's only important that the time is the same on these 2 machines. So, give I have a server (192.168.1.10) and a client (192.168.1.11), how do I set up /etc/ntp.conf on these 2 machines respectivly ?

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• Linux virtual disk stripping or multi-path samba share?

  - by wachpwnski

  I am trying to build a file storage box for media. It needs to span two or more directories or partitions as one share. There are a few solutions but reasons why I want to avoid them, among these are: Using LVM2 for stripping. I don't really have the resources to back up everything on the volumes incase one HDD goes south. I would end up loosing everything. Maybe there is a better option for this to prevent data loss with hot swappable drives or some kind of raid. Using symbolic links in the share. This will get tedious every time a new sub-directory is added. Is there some kind of software raid I can use to merge two directories virtually? I am aware of the issue where /dev/hda1/media/file.1 and /dev/hdb1/media/file.1 both exist. But I'm sure there are some creative solutions for this.

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• Jail user to home directory while still allowing permission to create and delete files/folders

  - by Sevenupcan

  I'm trying to give a client SFTP access to the root directory of their site on my server (Ubuntu 10.10) so they can manager their website themselves. While I have been successful in jailing a user to a directory and giving them SFTP access; they are only allowed to create and delete new files in sub directories (the directories they own). This means that I must give them access to the parent directory to the root of their site. How can I limit them to the root of their site (for example public_html) while still allowing them the ability create and delete files. All the tutorials I have read suggest that the root must be the owner of the user's home directory, which prevents them from write access inside that directory. I'm relatively new to managing my own server so any advice would be very grateful. Many thanks.

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• How to auto-update a website mirror with exceptions to certain pages?

  - by tomatosalad

  I'm currently mirroring a website on my server. The site itself is rarely updated, but it is updated enough that info can become outdated quickly. I mirrored it first with wget, and this worked fine, but I made some changes: The original index.html used frames, but the site also provides a main.html which is essentially index.html but without frames. I deleted index.html and renamed main.html. I did not want to mirror the webchat, blog or forum, so I deleted those files and directories and made directories "blogs" "forum" and "chat" and placed a php redirect in each of those, redirecting visitors to the orignal site. I'd like to auto-update the mirror (maybe once every 24-72 hours), but preserve the changes I made. Is this possible? How would I go about doing it? I am completely clueless as to how. Thanks for any and all help! :)

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• How to efficiently restore Library folder partially deleted on OS X

  - by flow

  I am using OS X Lion, and trying to delete some files I did accidentally (from home directoy): rm -fr Library I realized about this some 15 seconds later and did killall rm Some folders have been deleted, of course, inside "Library". Now the system seems to be ok, but I fear what will happen in case of reboot. I have a Time Machine backup from 5 days ago. I wonder if it would be a good solution, just to copy whole "Library" folder from my home directory from backup and replace this one. Or, what do you think would be the best approach? PS: In order to restore just deleted directories inside "Library", in which order does "rm" start to delete directories, alphabetically?

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