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• Grub Rescue Unknown Filesystem Error. Grub Corrupted or Filesystem?

  - by nightcrawler

  Now it has happened twice & have been pulling my hairs now... I have installed xubuntu on my external hardisk & have been using it for about 3 months. It has three partitions, one of 500 mb mounted at /boot, 2nd one of 48gb mounted at / & the rest (out of 160gb) is ntfs partition....used as normal external storage. The last storage supposedly acts as a buffer b/w Linux distributions & Win platform, buffer in the sense that it provides a universal channel for data transfers. I have constantly used this external hardisk for data transfers b/w win7 laptop & xubuntu (on this external hd) without any hassle. However, on of my desktops where I have ubuntu I (for the first time) attached this external drive which let me do data transfers where all three partitions properly mounted....but then nasty thing occurred the same that occurred before. I (as usual) tried booting via this external hd (one having xubuntu, one having being formerly used under Ubuntu) I got error Now I am totally devastated because similar thing happened ~6months before when I had fedora 17 in my external hd (instead of xubuntu) & after it was used under ubuntu the same happened...i didn't reported it because I already had planned towards debian instead of rpm! The mystery is that as long as I don't attach this external hd under ubuntu the data never** corrupts whereas under win xp/7 I can use it as a normal usb storage of coarse linux partitions aren’t available under win platforms... **From corrupts I mean hd fails to boot with the error mentioned however cant say whether data within remains untouched? It seems that my grub & or MBR is corrupted. Please sir guide me to solve this issue also why I cant attach & use linux external hds under linux platform Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004e7d0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 2048 976895 487424 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 978942 96874495 47947777 5 Extended /dev/sdc3 96874496 312575999 107850752 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdc5 978944 94726143 46873600 83 Linux /dev/sdc6 94728192 96874495 1073152 82 Linux swap / Solaris I can recall for sure that have seen a thread here when a similar problem occurred & in response someone gave solution of how to mount (now invisible) partitions & recover important data in them. I have misplaced that URL so if any can guide me thither because my important documents resides in / partition What I already have done: Without success I have tried this & related solutions What I plan to do: I believe that filesystem has corrupted & would you recommend solution like this provided I cant recall whether my /boot (500mb) partition was ext4 or ext2 though I am sure that my / (48gb) partition was ext4 UPDATE 1 Attached my external hd under Ubuntu ran followinf command as root grub-install /dev/sdc where /dev/sdc was my external hd containing corrupted xubuntu....it reported all done! I re-ran fdisk -l but to my disappointment it reported Disk /dev/sdc: 160.0 GB, 160041884672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581806 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b6b9167 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table ...& now I can't even access its ntfs partition (former /dev/sdc3) please help? UPDATE 2 TestDisk (by cgsecurity) failed at founding any partition table :( TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sdc - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63 Partition Start End Size in sectors

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• GRUB is not Booting Correctly

  - by msknapp

  I have a PC with three hard disks. Windows 7 is installed on the first, Ubuntu 14.04 is installed on the third. After I re-booted, it went straight to Windows 7. So I tried explicitly telling my PC to boot using the third hard disk, but that just takes me to the grub rescue prompt. I followed Scott Severence's instructions here to try and recover. Essentially, I updated grub, reinstalled grub, and then updated it again. After re-booting, absolutely nothing had changed. So instead I tried using the boot-repair tool. In the past it had failed for me, saying that I had programs running and it could not unmount drives, when I was running nothing. I never figured out how to solve that problem, but it went away when I bought another hard drive and used that for my Ubuntu installation, I don't know why. In any case, I ran the boot-repair tool and this time it said it was successful. First time for everything right? I re-booted, only to be taken straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I changed my BIOS settings to use the third hard disk for boot start up. That is the same hard drive where I have Ubuntu and grub installed, and the same one that the grub-repair tool told me to use. It still took me straight to the grub rescue prompt. So I went from not being able to boot Ubuntu, to not being able to boot either OS installed on my system. Thanks boot-repair! Boot repair gave me this URL for future troubleshooting: http://paste.ubuntu.com/8131669 When I try to boot from the third hard disk, this is my console: Loading Operating System ... error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'. Entering rescue mode... grub rescue> grub rescue> set cmdpath=(hd0) prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/boot/grub root=hd0,gpt2 grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,gpt3) (hd0,gpt2) (hd0,gpt1) (hd1) (hd2) (hd2,gpt2) (hd2,gpt1) (hd3) Those values look correct to me. I have also experimented with changing some of those values, but 'insmod normal' always throws the same error. Somebody please tell me how to fix this. I have tried everything, reinstalling grub, and running boot-repair. =========================== Update: I think the problem might be that the ubuntu installer did not partition my hard disk correctly. I booted from live USB and then launched gparted and looked at how it partitioned things. This is what gparted says: Partition, File System, Size, Used, Unused, Flags /dev/sda1 (!), unknown, 1.00 MiB, ---, ---, bios_grub /dev/sda2, ext4, 2.71 TiB, 47.30 GiB, 2.67 TiB, /dev/sda3, linux-swap, 16.00 GiB, 0.00 B, 16.00 GiB, So that first line looks problematic. It is supposed to be the /boot partition. However, it was given only 1 MiB? I am assuming that MiB is actually supposed to mean megabyte, no idea why that 'i' is there. It also says the file system is unknown. I read the answer by andrew here, and he says he had to do a custom install, explicitly configuring the boot partition. So I think that maybe Ubuntu's installer has a bug in it, where it does not set up the boot partition correctly if you are not installing on the first hard disk in your computer. I am going to try reinstalling with a custom partition scheme. I read elsewhere (askubuntu won't let me post another link) that I don't even need a /boot partition any more. So instead of following Andrew's instructions ver batim, I'm first going to try having just two partitions: one for /, and another for my 16GB swap space. Both as primary partitions. The first will be formatted as ext4. If that doesn't work, I may try again using /boot. ======================== So I did my custom install with no /boot partition, and it did not work. When I rebooted, I had an error message saying that some address did not exist. So for the hundredth time, I booted from the live USB, and ran boot-repair. Now I get this message GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition (>1MB, unformatted filesystem, bios_grub flag). This can be performed via tools such as Gparted. Then try again. I feel like I'm running in circles and nobody will help me.

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• Mysql partitioning: Partitions outside of date range is included

  - by Sturlum

  Hi, I have just tried to configure partitions based on date, but it seems that mysql still includes a partition with no relevant data. It will use the relevant partition but also include the oldest for some reason. Am I doing it wrong? The version is 5.1.44 (MyISAM) I first added a few partitions based on "day", which is of type "date" ALTER TABLE ptest PARTITION BY RANGE(TO_DAYS(day)) ( PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2009-08-01')), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2009-11-01')), PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-02-01')), PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-01')) ); After a query, I find that it uses the "old" partition, that should not contain any relevant data. mysql> explain partitions select * from ptest where day between '2010-03-11' and '2010-03-12'; +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | ptest | p1,p4 | range | day | day | 3 | NULL | 79 | Using where | +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+ When I select a single day, it works: mysql> explain partitions select * from ptest where day = '2010-03-11'; +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | ptest | p4 | ref | day | day | 3 | const | 39 | | +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-------+

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• Reorganize Primary/Recovery Partitions and then install Ubuntu Netbook Remix?

  - by Wesley

  Hi all, I have a Samsung N120 netbook (with upgraded 2GB RAM). I recently got a new hard drive and motherboard for it because the original parts were faulty. However, when I got it back, whoever was working on it decided to make my primary partition ~40GB in size, compared to (what appears to be) the recovery partition, which is around 100GB in size. Firstly, I want to make the recovery partition much smaller (around ~10GB or smaller, if possible) and then make my primary partition fill the rest of the space. After that, I want to install Ubuntu Netbook Remix 9.10. I don't know if this is installed within Windows like Ubuntu 9.10 but I want both XP and UNR on my machine at the same time. So basically... how do I resize my primary and recovery partitions such that the recovery is about 10GB or less and the primary fills the rest? Secondly, is UNR installed within Windows? (If not, would it create its own partition on my hard drive, along with the XP partition, and the recovery partition?) Thanks in advance.

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• Cannot Install Bootcamp on Mac Fusion Drive

  - by user3377019

  I have two drive installed in my mid-2013 Macbook pro. It is running osx maverick. I set the two drives (an ssd and a regular HD) up using the fusion drive (following the diy fusion drive guides out there). I went ahead and created a 40gb partition to host my windows install. I removed the SSD, installed windows, then reinstalled the SSD. As soon as the ssd was placed back in the bootcamp partition stopped booting. I get a blinking cursor on a black screen. I checked out the partition info in disk utility and it appears that the windows partition is not marked bootable. Below is some info I managed to gather. I am wondering if there is a way to fix the partition table so my bootcamp will boot. /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *120.0 GB disk0 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_CoreStorage 119.7 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk1 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 40.0 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_CoreStorage 459.2 GB disk1s3 4: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 650.0 MB disk1s4 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD *573.4 GB disk2 Name : BOOTCAMP Type : Partition Disk Identifier : disk1s2 Mount Point : /Volumes/BOOTCAMP File System : Windows NT File System (NTFS) Connection Bus : SATA Device Tree : IODeviceTree:/PCI0@0/SATA@1F,2/PRT1@1/PMP@0 Writable : No Universal Unique Identifier : 584BAED6-4C46-4F18-93B3-957F6E27003C Capacity : 40 GB (39,998,980,096 Bytes) Free Space : 16.34 GB (16,339,972,096 Bytes) Used : 23.66 GB (23,659,003,904 Bytes) Number of Files : 86,424 Number of Folders : 0 Owners Enabled : No Can Turn Owners Off : No Can Be Formatted : No Bootable : No Supports Journaling : No Journaled : No Disk Number : 1 Partition Number : 2

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• Windows 7 boots to black screen with blinking cursor

  - by murgatroid99

  I have an Alienware M17x that dual boots into Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 Home Premium. Currently, the computer starts at the GRUB loader and will boot into Ubuntu, but if I try to boot into Windows, I immediately get a black screen with a blinking cursor in the upper left corner. The output of fdisk -l is Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dm-0p1 1 5 40131 de Dell Utility Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p2 6 1918 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p3 * 1918 64772 504878877+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p4 64772 77827 104858625 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/dm-0p5 64772 67204 19531008 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p6 67204 74498 58593536 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p7 74498 77577 24731648 83 Linux /dev/dm-0p8 77578 77827 2000128 82 Linux swap / Solaris I have used the Windows rescue CD, and run the automatic error fixer until it finds no errors. I have run chkdsk /R on both the main Windows 7 (/dev/dm-0p3) partition and the recovery partition (/dev/dm-0p2). I set the main Windows 7 partition to be active. I also tried running in the recovery console the commands bootrec /fixmbr bootrec /fixboot bootrec /rebuildbcd None of these helped and the last set of commands deletes grub, which I then have to reinstall from Ubuntu. I think the last thing I did in windows before this started was install the newest ATI driver for my video card. This would suggest using system restore, and I actually had a restore point earlier (after the problem started), but after whatever I did that restore point does not appear in the list on the recovery disk any more, so I cannot do a system restore. Is there anything else I can try to make Windows boot properly again? Edit: Running the suggested commands bootsect /nt60 c: bcdboot c:\windows /s c: was also ineffective.

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• Partitioning & Linux

  - by Zac

  Every tutorial on Linux-based partitioning schemes (or, just partitioning in general) will tell you that a PC can have either 4 primary partitions, or 3 primaries and 1 extended. They will all also tell you that Linux (in my case, Ubuntu) can be installed on either. It's also come to my attention that it is not too atypical for FHS directories, such as usr/, tmp/, etc/, home/ or var/ to be mounted separately on other partitions. Several questions I am unable to find the answers to, purely for my own edification: (1) By "PC", are we really talking about common PC disk types, like IDE or SATA? I guess I'm wondering why PC uses are limited to 4 primaries or 3 primaries + 1 extended (2) I'm choking on some basic OS concepts: it is said that a partition can be mounted by a file system or an OS. So I assume this means I can somehow instruct Ubuntu to mount to 1 partition, and then any part of, say, ReiserFS, to be mounted to another partition? How? (3)(a) What about creating swap partitions? Is there too much of a good thing with swap partitioning? If I have 4GB RAM over 320GB disk, what should my swap partition size be, and why? (3)(b) Are swap files the only way to create swap partitions? Wouldn't a Linux partitioning utility allow me to define a partition as being for virtual memory only? (4) Why are partitions limited to being "mounted" by just OSes and file systems? Why couldn't I write a program to take up its own, say, 512 MB partition, and then have it invoked or uses by an OS installed on another partition? Thanks for shedding any light here... not critical that I know this stuff, but it's got me thinking incessantly. And when I think incessantly, I...can't......sleep....

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• How to migrate WinXP from failing old HD to new one

  - by Péter Török

  Following this issue, we have all our important data backed up now. I also bought and installed a new replacement hard disk (WD 160GB PATA) as secondary (slave) drive. I created two primary NTFS partitions on it: a 40 GB system partition, and a 110GB data partition. In theory I could start reinstalling WinXP from scratch on the new system partition, then copying over all user data from the old drive to the new data partition. Once this is done, I could even throw away the old drive, or keep it just to see what happens. (Note: I don't want to clone the whole drive as it contains a dual boot setup with an old Linux installation which I don't need anymore, and anyway, a fresh reinstall would do WinXP good to get rid of many years' clutter.) However, I am lazy :-) The old HD is still functioning, the problem has not manifested again since. So I feel there is no need to hurry with a complete OS reinstall. What I don't know though is whether I will be able to install WinXP on the new system partition at a later stage without affecting the contents of the data partition on the same drive. If this is possible, I can just move over all our data to the new data partition to have it safe, then continue running WinXP from the old drive as long as it works. Does anyone see any problems/risks with this plan?

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• Regarding partitions for dual-booting Ubuntu with pre-existing Windows 7

  - by Shasteriskt

  I have zero actual experience with configuring disk partitions and the stuff I have read for the past few hours have been confusing me a bit, so please bear with me. First of all, I'd like to explain what I'm setting to achieve: Windows 7 with: C:\ Windows 7 (pre-existing installation) D:\ Data (Already exists and has files already) Ubuntu 11 - Does not exist yet, but I already have a LiveCD in hand. \root directory for Ubuntu \home on its own partition I plan \swap on its own partition with around 8GB Here is the current situation: I have a single 500 GB hard-disk with Windows 7 x64 installed, and the current partition schemes is as follows: System Reserved: 100 MB (Primary, Active) C: 100 GB - Where Windows 7 is installed (Primary) D: 365 GB - Where my files are located, LOTS of free space (Primary) Now, I would like to shrink my D: drive and create around 40 GB of unallocated disk space for the Ubuntu installation, but here what's confusing me a bit: I'm thinking I would create an extended partition and subdivide it into 3 logical partitions for the Ubuntu setup I had in mind. (If you think my setup is a bad idea, please let me know & why. I also hope you can suggest a better one...) I am aware that I can only have up to 4 primary partitions, or 3 primary partitions with 1 extended parition max. Now, does the System Recovery portion count as one primary partition? I'm really new to these things and it is totally unclear to me. In shrinking my D: drive using Windows 7's Disk Management tool, I would get an unallocated free space which I don't know how to make an extended partition from. It seems like I can only create a primary partition from it, not an extended one. How do I go about it? (I'd also like to note, if it is of any importance, that I am trying to avoid using the option to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, and much rather prefer using the custom install where I can specify which drives I wish to use and stuff. Somehow I feel its safer that way.)

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• How to setup RAID 1 with Intel RST on an existing Windows 7 system?

  - by instcode

  I'd like to setup RAID-1 using Intel Rapid Storage Technology on my Windows 7 64-bit system. I have an 1TB SATA HDD with Windows 7 system installed on the first primary partition (leftmost, ~200GB). The rest of this HDD is unallocated (~800GB). I bought another 2TB SATA, then created a primary partition (leftmost, ~500GB) and filled my data in. The rest of this HDD is unallocated (~1.5TB). A quick disk layout (XXX is the unallocated region): HDD1 (1TB): [ 200GB C:\ SYSTEM | XXXXXXXXXXXX ] HDD2 (2TB): [ 500GB Z:\ PROGRAM | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ] Now, I want to create a 500GB RAID-1 partition (I'm not sure if using "partition" is correct here) on the rightmost of the 2 HDDs above without losing any existing data from both disks. Here is the expected layout: HDD1 (1TB): [ 200GB C:\ SYSTEM | XXXXXX | 500GB D:\ DATA - RAID-1 ] HDD2 (2TB): [ 500GB Z:\ PROGRAM | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | 500GB D:\ DATA RAID-1] Let's not concern about data lost, is it possible to have that final layout using Intel RST? Previously, I tried this layout using dynamic disk & software RAID from Windows and it worked as expected, however, it's quite ugly in resynching after an OS failure that I don't want. If yes, is there a way to keep the data on existing partitions untouched or, at least, it should keep the SYSTEM partition safe (I'm okay if the PROGRAM partition has to be gone.)? Well, are there any strict/special steps I should follow when using the Intel RST manager in order to achieve that? If none of those questions above are "Yes", could you please suggest some other possible layouts that leave the C:SYSTEM partition untouched?

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• Clone a Windows Installation to a 3TB Hard Drive; MBR to GPT

  - by DanBlakemore

  I have Windows 7 Professional 64-bit installed on my desktop. Unfortunately for me and my wallet my hard drive is failing. I have purchased a 3TB hard drive as a replacement for my current 2TB drive. I would like to avoid as much hassle as possible in moving to this new drive so I would like to copy my current partition to the new drive using Gparted. The problem is that I suspect that my current partition is MBR, and I need GPT on my new drive since it is 3TB. Can I simply copy the MBR partition onto the new disk and then convert it to GPT after the fact (can you even convert the type of a partition)? Or would I need to somehow copy the contents of the partition into a GPT partition on the new drive? How do I go about making this transistion? Also, are there any issues I should be wary of booting to a GPT partition? If it matters, my motherboard is 1 year old as of May, 2012. Edit: My motherboard is 1 day old. My old one does not have UEFI compatibility, so I decided to make an upgrade to Intel today given that I would need a UEFI motherboard to use my new HDD. How much can I use a dying hard drive (bad sectors according to Hitachi Drive Fitness Test)? I have assumed not at all, to be safe.

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• Hibernation fails; The system cannot find the file specified

  - by GMMan

  Recently I installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS on my Lenovo Y480. Hibernation was working properly after the Ubuntu install, but I was making sure all of the operating systems on my system worked, including OneKey Recovery (recovery partition). It is of note that I installed Windows 7 from scratch with a disk image I downloaded off of my university's DreamSpark program, and further to that I had to image the partition with Paragon Backup & Recovery, repartition to convert the Windows partition to extended, install Ubuntu, and then restore the image. During that process I also used the Windows disc to edit the BCD as to reuse the existing entry for the restored partition. I also used the automated "repair your computer" option. With verification, I noticed that the "repair your computer" option actually wrote to the wrong BCD (the recovery partition), and I mounted the partition and restored the original BCD (from a copy I made earlier), and rebooted. At this point my GRUB broke, and I was able to restore it. At this point hibernation broke. I tried powercfg /h off and powercfg /h on, rebooted, and nothing. Also tried increasing the hibernation file size as directed on this post, but it still doesn't work. Executing shutdown /h yields The system cannot find the file specified.(2). What file? It seems that mounting the system partition sometimes works, but I don't want to keep it mounted in case it gets written to accidentally. How do I permanently fix this?

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• Ubuntu 12.04 can't boot after installing with software RAID 1

  - by Bill

  I've been trying to install Ubuntu with software RAID on my server and there is obviously something that I don't understand about the process. This is the guide that I followed: https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/advanced-installation.html I have two identical 1 TB disks in my server. I went through the initial install process and manually set up my partitions. On each disk I set up: (1) 100 MB partition for EFI boot (I didn't originally have this but added it based on a forum post I found after my original install failed to boot, I ended up with EFIboot since that was what the 'guided partitioning' decided to do) (1) 970 MB partition for / (1) 30 MB partition for swap I then created new RAID 1 disks combining the two partitions, one from each disk, such that each partition is mirrored. I then configured their usage as stated above. After saving the configuration I said yes to boot in a degraded state. The rest of the setup went normally, no errors of any kind. I saw GRUB being installed and again no errors. However, after rebooting the server I get the dreaded 'Insert boot media' and nothing happens. I loaded up the recovery disk and the mdadm configuration looks correct. md0 is my EFIBoot partition md1 is my \ partition using ext4 md2 is my swap partition Running file -s /dev/md0 doesn't indicate that GRUB is there and so I attempted to reinstall GRUB using the recovery disk. I selected the md0 disk and it appeared to install just fine. Running file -s /dev/md1 shows the error needs journal recovery, I'm not sure if that's related or not or how to fix that. Rebooting gives me the same problem, no boot media found. I've searched around the internet but can't figure out what to do next or more importantly how to troubleshoot what exactly is going wrong. Thanks!

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• How can I recover my data from a damaged hard drive?

  - by krk

  a few days ago when I was working on windows my laptop was beaten on the side where the hard drive is located. As a result, it was damaged and I couldn't access the windows partition. I had to boot the linux one, which is working without any trouble. I have 2 partition formatted with ntfs, the one with windows on it, and the other one intended to store data. I mounted the windows partition from ubuntu and I could see all my files. But when I tried to mount the data partition it was impossible. It threw me an error, it couldn't recognize ntfs partition. I try to copy the damaged disk into an external hard drive using the command: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb conv=noerror,sync The progress stopped at 60%. I was still unable to mount the data partition. Now I'm trying to backup my files using an utility called Photorec. The problem is that it is recovering my files in a disorderly way, it is all mixed up and I need my original directory structure, it will become an endless task to organize the files as they were before. Is there any way I can get my partition back?

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• Analytic functions – they’re not aggregates

  - by Rob Farley

  SQL 2012 brings us a bunch of new analytic functions, together with enhancements to the OVER clause. People who have known me over the years will remember that I’m a big fan of the OVER clause and the types of things that it brings us when applied to aggregate functions, as well as the ranking functions that it enables. The OVER clause was introduced in SQL Server 2005, and remained frustratingly unchanged until SQL Server 2012. This post is going to look at a particular aspect of the analytic functions though (not the enhancements to the OVER clause). When I give presentations about the analytic functions around Australia as part of the tour of SQL Saturdays (starting in Brisbane this Thursday), and in Chicago next month, I’ll make sure it’s sufficiently well described. But for this post – I’m going to skip that and assume you get it. The analytic functions introduced in SQL 2012 seem to come in pairs – FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE, LAG and LEAD, CUME_DIST and PERCENT_RANK, PERCENTILE_CONT and PERCENTILE_DISC. Perhaps frustratingly, they take slightly different forms as well. The ones I want to look at now are FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE, and PERCENTILE_CONT and PERCENTILE_DISC. The reason I’m pulling this ones out is that they always produce the same result within their partitions (if you’re applying them to the whole partition). Consider the following query: SELECT     YEAR(OrderDate),     FIRST_VALUE(TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)               ORDER BY OrderDate, SalesOrderID               RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING                         AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING),     LAST_VALUE(TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)               ORDER BY OrderDate, SalesOrderID               RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING                         AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING),     PERCENTILE_CONT(0.95)         WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)),     PERCENTILE_DISC(0.95)         WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)) FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader ; This is designed to get the TotalDue for the first order of the year, the last order of the year, and also the 95% percentile, using both the continuous and discrete methods (‘discrete’ means it picks the closest one from the values available – ‘continuous’ means it will happily use something between, similar to what you would do for a traditional median of four values). I’m sure you can imagine the results – a different value for each field, but within each year, all the rows the same. Notice that I’m not grouping by the year. Nor am I filtering. This query gives us a result for every row in the SalesOrderHeader table – 31465 in this case (using the original AdventureWorks that dates back to the SQL 2005 days). The RANGE BETWEEN bit in FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE is needed to make sure that we’re considering all the rows available. If we don’t specify that, it assumes we only mean “RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW”, which means that LAST_VALUE ends up being the row we’re looking at. At this point you might think about other environments such as Access or Reporting Services, and remember aggregate functions like FIRST. We really should be able to do something like: SELECT     YEAR(OrderDate),     FIRST_VALUE(TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)               ORDER BY OrderDate, SalesOrderID               RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING                         AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader GROUP BY YEAR(OrderDate) ; But you can’t. You get that age-old error: Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Line 5 Column 'Sales.SalesOrderHeader.OrderDate' is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in either an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause. Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Line 5 Column 'Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID' is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in either an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause. Hmm. You see, FIRST_VALUE isn’t an aggregate function. None of these analytic functions are. There are too many things involved for SQL to realise that the values produced might be identical within the group. Furthermore, you can’t even surround it in a MAX. Then you get a different error, telling you that you can’t use windowed functions in the context of an aggregate. And so we end up grouping by doing a DISTINCT. SELECT DISTINCT     YEAR(OrderDate),         FIRST_VALUE(TotalDue)              OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)                   ORDER BY OrderDate, SalesOrderID                   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING                             AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING),         LAST_VALUE(TotalDue)             OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)                   ORDER BY OrderDate, SalesOrderID                   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING                             AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING),     PERCENTILE_CONT(0.95)          WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)),     PERCENTILE_DISC(0.95)         WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY TotalDue)         OVER (PARTITION BY YEAR(OrderDate)) FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader ; I’m sorry. It’s just the way it goes. Hopefully it’ll change the future, but for now, it’s what you’ll have to do. If we look in the execution plan, we see that it’s incredibly ugly, and actually works out the results of these analytic functions for all 31465 rows, finally performing the distinct operation to convert it into the four rows we get in the results. You might be able to achieve a better plan using things like TOP, or the kind of calculation that I used in http://sqlblog.com/blogs/rob_farley/archive/2011/08/23/t-sql-thoughts-about-the-95th-percentile.aspx (which is how PERCENTILE_CONT works), but it’s definitely convenient to use these functions, and in time, I’m sure we’ll see good improvements in the way that they are implemented. Oh, and this post should be good for fellow SQL Server MVP Nigel Sammy’s T-SQL Tuesday this month.

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• Can't install Ubuntu 11.10 on a seperate disk partition. I have a log file. Please help!

  - by les02jen17

  Before I installed Ubuntu, I resized my C: drive (which has my Windows 7 OS). Prior to resizing, I even defragged the said drive. I tried using Wubi to install it on the created partition, but I receive an error. I have the log file and I would post it but it's too long and the site won't let me. :(So anyway, I wasn't able to install it, so I uninstalled it. Upon uninstalling Wubi and Ubuntu, I tried installing it by having the CD to my CD ROM. The installation was a success, however, upon rebooting I can neither boot to Ubuntu OR Windows 7. I get stuck in an infinite bootloop. I hope you can help me out! :(

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• Mac has IP address, can connect to router but can't connect outside

  - by partition

  Weird problem, my MacBook can't connect anywhere right now! The router works, it gets an IP, it can log into to the router but it can't resolve anything! The router works as I connected another device to it and it connected to the net. The MacBook doesn't have any strange DNS configurations either, just 192.168.1.1 for the router I even tried tethering it to my phone, and it still would not connect to the net... help?

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• Linux - How do i know the block map of the given file and/or the free space map of the partition.

  - by Inso Reiges

  Hello, I am on Linux and need to know either of the two things: 1) If i have a regular file on some file system on a partition under Linux is there a way to know the set of the physical blocks that this file occupies on the drive from user space? Or at least the set of the file system's clusters? 2) Is there a way to get the same information about the whole free space of the given file system? In both cases i understand that if there is any possible way to extract this info it will probably be totally unsafe and racy (anything could happen to these set of blocks between the time i see them and act on them somehow). I also really don't want an implementation that will have to know a lot about every filesystem.

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• Booting Fedora guest VBox on /dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I already have the following logical volumes: host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-boot (guestOS:/dev/hdb) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root (guestOS:/dev/hdc) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) Do I have to create the following grub partition to boot a guest VM under VirtualBox? host:/dev/mapper/vg-fc17-mbr (guestOS:/dev/hda) with a partition table and install grub MBR here? Or is there a better way? (Maybe grub on vg0-fc17-boot?)

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• Exchange 2007 Standard Edition

  - by Phrontiste

  We Have : Exchange 2007 Standard Edition IBM System X3650 2 x Intel Xeon 5430 2.66 GHz Version 8.1 Build 240.6 Mailbox, Hub Transport, Client Access Role Installed on One Box Total Number of Mailboxes : 110 - 130 6 Physical Disks Disk 0,1 (68 GB) = Raid-1, OS Partition ( C: Partition) Disk 2,3 (279GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Database (First and Second Storage Groups) ( D: Partition ) Disk 4,5 (68 GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Transaction Logs ( E: Partition ) Setup: Storage Groups : D:\First Storage group\Mailbox database.edb Storage Groups : D:\Second Storage Group\Public Folder Database.edb Transaction Logs : E Partition Problem 1: On our D Partition (Mailbox Database Partition), total size is 279 GB, free space remaining is 64.7 GB, when I select the first storage group and second storage group folders and right click properties they report a size of 165 GB. Mailbox database reports a size of 157GB when right clicked Properties. where as the size displayed in the folder is 164,893,456 KB So, we are missing around 50-54 GB, there is nothing else on these drives, no page file, nothing at all. The partition housing the Transaction logs is reporting the sizes accurately. Any suggestions / fixes on the above ? Problem 2: As you may have already read in Problem 1, the size of the mailbox database is 157GB or 164GB reported; which is not recommended, a) What would you suggest we should do to divide mailboxes in storage groups on this same server ? b) How would we move mailboxes into different storage groups ? c) This is the information store size ? (Am I right in thinking that this is not recommended) d) Having multiple storage groups with one Mailbox DB in each, would that reduce the size of the Information Store? e) Any suggestions / how-to reduce the size of information store ? We didn't install this, we have inherited this - what other recommendations you can make in order to keep ourselves better prepared for any server disaster? We are backing up with Yosemite Backup on RD1000 (320GB) at the moment, which is backing up successfully, flushing the logs daily. We haven't done a test restore YET. I have tried to provide as much info as possible, please let me know if you need further info. Also, we haven't yet faced any problems in mailflow, access speeds, everything is working fine, we have two to five people accessing OWA or Outlook via vpn only. Thanks for your time to read the above - will look forward to your expert suggestions.

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• Windows 7 Home Premium Disk Partitioning

  - by Tamir

  Hi all, I'm having new Dell studio 1749 laptop with one partition (C). there is another backup partition - hidden. How can I create new partition for all the files and the other stuff to be seperated from the C partition? I'm looking for a clean and simple way to do it, thanks!

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• Windows 7 Home Premium x64 Disk Partitioning

  - by Tamir

  Hi all, I'm having new Dell studio 1749 laptop with one partition (C). there is another backup partition - hidden. How can I create new partition for all the files and the other stuff to be seperated from the C partition? I'm looking for a clean and simple way to do it, thanks!

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• Convert MBR to GPT - Without any OS

  - by Sourabh

  I just got a new laptop without any OS (it had FreeDOS, but not anymore). When I go to Windows Installer and try to create a new partition from un-allocated space, I don't get any Error message but the installer is unable to create the partition. At the bottom of the installer window, there's a warning which says something like, Windows cannot install on MBR *partition. On EFI systems, Windows can only install on GPT *partition How can I convert MBR to GPT without any OS?

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• rdisk value in boot.ini maps to which disk?

  - by MA1

  Hi All Following are the contents of a sample boot.ini: [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN /FASTDETECT rdisk value tells the physical disk number. so, if i have three hard disks say: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc than how to know which disk(/dev/sda or /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc) is rdisk(0) and which disk is rdisk(1) etc Regards,

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• Can I change the file system on the OS partition on Server 2008 R2?

  - by KCotreau

  I have a client using R1Soft Continuous Data Protection backup, and two of the Server 2008 R2 boxes were erroring out with these errors: Unable to obtain NTFS volume data for device '\\?\Volume{f612849e-7125-11e0-8772-806e6f6e6963}': Incorrect function. Unable to discover information for filesytem volume '\\?\Volume{f612849e-7125-11e0-8772-806e6f6e6963}'; Unable to obtain NTFS volume So I backed up all the registry entries with this, {f612849e-7125-11e0-8772-806e6f6e6963}, in it, and deleted them based on some VERY sparse info from R1Soft. I then decided to restore them before I rebooted, and do a system state backup first using MS backup, and even it errored out saying that there were FAT32 partitions. This was a major clue as the only two computers with problems had these FAT32 partitions. I figured if MS backup can't backup something, any other program is likely to have problems. Also, now that I realized the servers had FAT32 partitions on them, the error referencing NTFS takes on more weight. The partitions on both servers have the label "OS", but on one of the computers, it is given a letter, but on the other not. So I am thinking if I just convert the file systems from FAT32 to NTFS, it may solve the backup problem. So the question is this: Can I just convert those partitions, and does anyone have any concrete knowledge of any major downsides, like the servers not coming back up (of course, I would do one at a time)? My thinking is that the answer is probably at least 95% no, but they are production servers, so I wanted to get some second opinions.

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