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  • Memory assignment of local variables

    - by Mask
    void function(int a, int b, int c) { char buffer1[5]; char buffer2[10]; } We must remember that memory can only be addressed in multiples of the word size. A word in our case is 4 bytes, or 32 bits. So our 5 byte buffer is really going to take 8 bytes (2 words) of memory, and our 10 byte buffer is going to take 12 bytes (3 words) of memory. That is why SP is being subtracted by 20. Why it's not ceil((5+10)/4)*4=16?

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  • Problem with MIB_IFTABLE & MIB_IFROW

    - by calvin
    Hello there, Im using MIB_IFTABLE & MIB_IFROW to get the no.of bytes transmitted & received. Everything looks fine, and values are correct in case of using WIFI alone. But when i use vpn connection over wifi these values are not correct for wifi adapter, interestingly i'm getting correct values for vpn adapter. And if i see status of any of these adapters(right click and see status), all these values given by windows are correct. here are my questions. 1) is there any other way of getting no.of bytes transferred over adapter? 2) is there a way to tell whether adapter is vpn or not? (as all vpn adapters are shows as Local Area Connection) 3) If you are connected to VPN, is there a possibility of bytes getting transferred through other than this vpn adapter?(forget about split tunneling, consider very simple case) i use vs2005, win7, Im new to these protocols, thanks for any help. -calvin

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  • How come string.maketrans does not work in Python 3.1?

    - by ShaChris23
    I'm a Python newbie. How come this doesn't work in Python 3.1? from string import maketrans # Required to call maketrans function. intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!"; print str.translate(trantab); When I executed the above code, I get the following instead: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#119>", line 1, in <module> transtab = maketrans(intab, outtab) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/string.py", line 60, in maketrans raise TypeError("maketrans arguments must be bytes objects") TypeError: maketrans arguments must be bytes objects What does "must be bytes objects" mean? Could anyone please help post a working code for Python 3.1 if it's possible?

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  • Reading a Windows 'binary' float into a ASP jscript variable

    - by user89691
    I need to read files produced by a legacy Windows app that stores real numbers (the 8-byte "double" type) in binary - i.e. as a packed array of 8 bytes. I can read the 8 byte group OK but how can I present it to my ASP JScript code such I can get the real number back again. Or to put it another way: Say a file was produced by a Windows (Delphi) program: Assign (f, 'test.bin') ; rewrite (f, 1) ; r := 1234.56E78 ; BlockWrite (f, r, SizeOf (Double)) ; Close (f) ; Inspection of the file will show it contains 8 bytes, being: 94 0E 4C CA C2 97 AD 53 which is the real number in IEEE format. Assuming I can read these 8 bytes back in ASP, is there a simple way of getting the real number back again?

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  • Find element with attribute with minidom

    - by Xster
    Given <field name="frame.time_delta_displayed" showname="Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000008000 seconds" size="0" pos="0" show="0.000008000"/> <field name="frame.time_relative" showname="Time since reference or first frame: 0.000008000 seconds" size="0" pos="0" show="0.000008000"/> <field name="frame.number" showname="Frame Number: 2" size="0" pos="0" show="2"/> <field name="frame.pkt_len" showname="Packet Length: 1506 bytes" hide="yes" size="0" pos="0" show="1506"/> <field name="frame.len" showname="Frame Length: 1506 bytes" size="0" pos="0" show="1506"/> <field name="frame.cap_len" showname="Capture Length: 1506 bytes" size="0" pos="0" show="1506"/> <field name="frame.marked" showname="Frame is marked: False" size="0" pos="0" show="0"/> <field name="frame.protocols" showname="Protocols in frame: eth:ip:tcp:http:data" size="0" pos="0" show="eth:ip:tcp:http:data"/> How do I get the field with name="frame.len" right away without iterating through every tag and checking the attributes?

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  • Create an assembly in memory

    - by Jared I
    I'd like to create an assembly in memory, using an using the classes in Reflection.Emit Currently, I can create the assembly and get it's bytes using something like AssemblyBuilder builder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(..., AssemblyBuilderAccess.Save); ... create the assembly ... builder.Save(targetFileName); using(FileStream fs = File.Open(targetFileName, FileMode.Open)) { ... read the bytes from the file stream ... } However, it does so by creating a file on the local filesystem. I don't actually need the file, just the bytes that would be in the file. Is it possible to create the assembly without writing any files?

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  • understanding silverlight resource file format

    - by Quincy
    I'm trying to understand the format of silverlight resource files. There are 4 bytes of the data comes after PAD. I'd like to know what these values are, and how they are generated. here is the hex dump of a .g.resources file. Here is what I know: there is 0xbeefcace at the beginning, then there is dependancies, then padding. after that is the great unknown (but I really like to know). After 4 null bytes, are the file name and size of the resource. and After that is content of the said file. I'm not that familiar with .Net and silverlight resource management. would someone please tell me what the mystical 4 bytes are, or point me the url to the specification doc or something. Any help would be appreciated!

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  • Is there a simpler way to convert a byte array to a 2-byte-size hexadecimal string?

    - by Tom Brito
    Is there a simpler way of implement this? Or a implemented method in JDK or other lib? /** * Convert a byte array to 2-byte-size hexadecimal String. */ public static String to2DigitsHex(byte[] bytes) { String hexData = ""; for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { int intV = bytes[i] & 0xFF; // positive int String hexV = Integer.toHexString(intV); if (hexV.length() < 2) { hexV = "0" + hexV; } hexData += hexV; } return hexData; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(to2DigitsHex(new byte[] {8, 10, 12})); } the output is: "08 0A 0C" (without the spaces)

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  • What exactly does raw microphone data represent?

    - by esperantist
    I'm using PyAudio, a PortAudio wrapper for Python. I'm getting data from a microphone. Data which is represented by a continuous stream of bytes divided into chunks (of a size determined by me). I've tried to plot the signal, assuming the bytes represent the current signal amplitude, but I get an interesting image that I can't easily describe. ^^ It seems to be composed of two waves, one shifted from the other. What exactly do the particular bytes represent, and how does this change when I'm recording only one channel, instead of two? Any explanations, suggestions, code snippets, anything, very welcome! (I'm new at this.) Thanks!

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  • Programming a loopback-device consisting of several files in Linux

    - by dubbaluga
    Hej, it is relatively easy to use a file for emulating a block-device using losetup in Linux: http://www.walkernews.net/2007/07/01/create-linux-loopback-file-system-on-disk-file/ Can anyone please give me a hint on what to look for in case I want to program my own block-device which is based on several files I'm taking content from? For your understanding, I would like to let's say take bytes 1-500 and 1.000-3.000 from file1 and bytes 501-999 and bytes 3.001 to 5.000 from file2 to offer them as a combined block-device. My prefered programming language is Python and I want to write my program in user-space as much as possible. For Windows I found such an implementation. It's called FileDisk and HttpDisk and it can be found here: http://www.acc.umu.se/~bosse/ Thanks in advance and regards, Rainer

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  • How to generate a cryptographically secure Double between 0 and 1?

    - by Portman
    I know how to generate a random number between 0 and 1 using the NextDouble method of the pseudo-random number generator. var rng1 = new System.Random(); var random1 = rng1.NextDouble(); // generates a random double between 0 and 1.0 And I know how to fill a random byte array using the cryptographically secure random number generator. Byte[] bytes = new Byte[8]; var rng2 = new System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider(); rng2.GetBytes(bytes); // generates 8 random bytes But how can I convert the byte-array output of RNGCryptoServiceProvider into a random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive)?

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  • what causes the .NET SerialPort class DataReceived event to fire?

    - by Klay
    I understand from the MSDN docs that the event DataReceived will not necessarily fire once per byte. But does anyone know what exactly is the mechanism that causes the event to fire? Does the receipt of each byte restart a timer that has to reach, say 10 ms between bytes, before the event fires? I ask because I'm trying to write an app that reads XML data coming in from a serial port. Because my laptop has no serial ports, I use a virtual serial port emulator. (I know, I know--I can't do anything about it ATM). When I pass data through the emulated port to my app, the event fires once for each XML record (about 1500 bytes). Perfect. But when a colleague at another office tries it with two computers connected by an actual cable, the DataReceived event fires repeatedly, after every 10 or so bytes of XML, which totally throws off the app.

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  • How to read a file byte by byte in Python and how to print a bytelist as a binary?

    - by zaplec
    Hi, I'm trying to read a file byte by byte, but I'm not sure how to do that. I'm trying to do it like that: file = open(filename, 'rb') while 1: byte = file.read(8) # Do something... So does that make the variable byte to contain 8 next bits at the beginning of every loop? It doesn't matter what those bytes really are. The only thing that matters is that I need to read a file in 8-bit stacks. EDIT: Also I collect those bytes in a list and I would like to print them so that they don't print out as ASCII characters, but as raw bytes i.e. when I print that bytelist it gives the result as ['10010101', '00011100', .... ]

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  • PostGres - run a query in batches?

    - by CaffeineIV
    Is it possible to loop through a query so that if (for example) 500,000 rows are found, it'll return results for the first 10,000 and then rerun the query again? So, what I want to do is run a query and build an array, like this: $result = pg_query("SELECT * FROM myTable"); $i = 0; while($row = pg_fetch_array($result) ) { $myArray[$i]['id'] = $row['id']; $myArray[$i]['name'] = $row['name']; $i++; } But, I know that there will be several hundred thousand rows, so I wanted to do it in batches of like 10,000... 1- 9,999 and then 10,000 - 10,999 etc... The reason why is because I keep getting this error: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 536870912 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 3 bytes) Which, incidentally, I don't understand how 3 bytes could exhaust 512M... So, if that's something that I can just change, that'd be great, although, still might be better to do this in batches?

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  • reading and writing QByteArrays

    - by synchronicity
    I'm having trouble reading and writing QByteArray data to a file. My goal is to save QPixmap data into a QByteArray and save that QByteArray to a file (with the ability to read this QByteArray back from the file and into a QPixmap). I want to use following code from the QPixmap documentation: QPixmap pixmap(<image path>); QByteArray bytes; QBuffer buffer(&bytes); buffer.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly); pixmap.save(&buffer, "PNG"); // writes pixmap into bytes in PNG format After writing the buffer to a file, I want to be able to retrieve the QByteArray and load it back into a QPixmap using the QPixmap::loadFromData() function. Please let me know if any further clarification is needed (I'm open to alternative approaches as well, I just need to be able to read and write the QPixmap to a file! :) );

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  • An MP3 parser to extract numbered frames?

    - by Xepoch
    I am writing a streaming application for MP3 (CBR). It is all passthru, meaning I don't have to decode/encode, I just need to pass on the data as I see it come through. I want to be able to count the MP3 frames as they passthru (and some other stuff like throughput calculations). According to the MP3 frame header spec, the sync word appears to be 11 bits of 1s, however I notice (naturally) that the frame payload which I should safely assume to be binary and thus it is not odd at all to see 11 1s in sequence. My questions: Is there a Unix/Linux MP3 parser utility (dd-style) that can pull numbered frames from an MP3 file/pipe? Any perl wisdom here? How does one delineate an MP3 header block from any other binary payload data? and lastly: Is a constant bitrate (CBR) MP3 defined by payload bytes or are the header bytes included in the aggregate # of bytes/bits per any given timeslice? Thanks,

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  • How do you calculate the storage size of a SimpleDB domain?

    - by C. Dragon 76
    The official documentation states: Raw byte size (GB) of all item IDs + 45 bytes per item + Raw byte size (GB) of all attribute names + 45 bytes per attribute name + Raw byte size (GB) of all attribute-value pairs + 45 bytes per attribute-value pair What is the raw size of an attribute-value pair? Is it precisely the size of the value? (I would expect so, but then why is it worded "attribute-value pair"?) Or is it the size of the attribute name plus the size of the attribute value? (In that case, there would be motivation to give your attributes really short names.) For example, what is the size of the tiny domain below? +---------------------------------------------------------+ | Item Name/ID | "Price" attribute | "Calories" attribute | |--------------+-------------------+----------------------| | "apple" | "0000.43" | "0046" | | "orange" | "0000.70" | "0053" | +---------------------------------------------------------+

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  • What is wrong with my JPGEncoder

    - by hitek
    Here is my code if (event.target.content is Bitmap) { infotext.text = "got something"; var image:Bitmap = Bitmap(event.target.content); var bitmapData:BitmapData = image.bitmapData; this.addChild(image); var j:JPGEncoder = new JPGEncoder(100); var bytes:ByteArray = new ByteArray(); bytes=j.encode(bitmapData); } else { throw new Error("What the heck bob?"); } When I run a debug session everything works fine till it reaches to the line bytes=j.encode(bitmapData); after that nothing happens and my program just goes into limbo Please help

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  • Bitmap.Save problems

    - by user284026
    Hello, can anyone tell me if you know to be a problem with Bitmap and steganography for WM 6? I am working on a project and i have to hide a digital signature in a bitmap. The algorithm works perfect, as in untill i have the image on the memory the bitmap contains the modified bytes. But after i save the image (Bitmap.Save()) and I reopen the image, than those bytes are lost. When i say lost i mean they are the orriginal bytes from when the picture was taken. Thank you.

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  • Socket receive buffer size

    - by Kanishka
    Is there a way to determine the receive buffer size of a TCPIP socket in c#. I am sending a message to a server and expecting a response where I am not sure of the receive buffer size. IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.125.125.226"),20060); Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); server.Connect(ipep); String OutStr= "49|50|48|48|224|48|129|1|0|0|128|0|0|0|0|0|4|0|0|32|49|50"; byte[] temp = OutStr.Split('|').Select(s => byte.Parse(s)).ToArray(); int byteCount = server.Send(temp); byte[] bytes = new byte[255]; int res=0; res = server.Receive(bytes); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);

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  • Is there a simpliest way of doing this?

    - by Tom Brito
    Is there a simpler way of implement this? Or a implemented method in JDK or other lib? /** * Convert a byte array to 2-byte-size hexadecimal String. */ public static String to2DigitsHex(byte[] bytes) { String hexData = ""; for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { int intV = bytes[i] & 0xFF; // positive int String hexV = Integer.toHexString(intV); if (hexV.length() < 2) { hexV = "0" + hexV; } hexData += hexV; } return hexData; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(to2DigitsHex(new byte[] {8, 10, 12})); } the output is: "08 0C 0A" (without the spaces)

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  • Passing an array argument from C# to a C++/CLI method

    - by jco
    I know only very little about C++/CLI, but I have a simple problem that needs a solution. I have a C++/CLI class method that takes a byte-array as a parameter. The array is of a pre-determined length, and can be allocated in C# beforehand. The array is supposed to be filled with data by the C++/CLI method. How do I declare the method and then call it from C#? I tried something like having the following in my C++/CLI class: public ref class C { public: void FillBytes(array<BYTE^>^ bytes); }; And then, in C#: o = new C(); var bytes = new byte[3]; o.FillBytes(bytes); But that didn't work at all :).

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  • Code corresponding to leaks with Visual Leak Detector

    - by matt
    I am trying to use Visual Leak Detector in Visual Studio 2008, here is an example of the output I get: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects -> {204} normal block at 0x036C1568, 1920 bytes long. Data: < > 80 08 AB 03 00 01 AB 03 80 F9 AA 03 00 F2 AA 03 {203} normal block at 0x0372CC68, 40 bytes long. Data: <( > 28 00 00 00 80 02 00 00 E0 01 00 00 01 00 18 00 {202} normal block at 0x0372CC00, 44 bytes long. Data: << E > 3C 16 45 00 80 02 00 00 E0 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 The user's guide says to click on any line to jump to the corresponding file/line of code ; I tried clicking on every line but nothing happens! What am I missing?

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  • Is there any reason for a blocking call to winsock send() function on Vista to return immediately ?

    - by ivymike
    Hi All, Is there any reason for a blocking call to winsock's send() function on Vista to return immediately ? It works with expected delay on XP and below. I'm wondering if this has got anything to do with auto-tuning feature of Vista. Code: char *pBuffer; // pointer to data int bytes; // total size int i = 0, j=0; while (i < bytes) { j = send(m_sock, pBuffer+i, bytes-i, 0); i+=j; } Thanks, Pavan

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  • Berkeley DB tuple with unknown datatype

    - by Ronnie
    I'm working with a Berkeley database (in Java). I need to read a tuple where the sequence is a string, either an int or long, then another string. How can I determine if the tuple holds an int or a long? Depending on what the tuple holds, I'll do one of the following: String s1 = input.readString(); int num1 = input.readInt(); String s2= input.readString(); or String s1 = input.readString(); long num1 = input.readLong(); String s2= input.readString(); The int is 4 bytes and the long is 8 bytes. If the tuple holds an int and I read it in as a long, I get an invalid value as it converts the 4 byte int + 4 bytes of the following string into a long.

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