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• Convert a number from string to integer without using inbuilt function

  - by Raja

  I am trying this technique but error is coming. Please help me to convert a number from string to integer. #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char *buffer[80]; int a; cout<<"enter the number"; cin.get(buffer,79); char *ptr[80] = &buffer; while(*ptr!='\0') { a=(a*10)+(*ptr-48); } cout<<"the value"<<a; delete ptr[]; return 0; } Errors are: error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'char ()[80]' to 'char *[80]' error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'char *' to 'int'

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• I need to create a very large array of bits/boolean values. How would I do this in C/C++?

  - by Eddy

  Is it even possible to create an array of bits with more than 100000000 elements? If it is, how would I go about doing this? I know that for a char array I can do this: char* array; array = (char*)malloc(100000000 * sizeof(char)); If I was to declare the array by char array[100000000] then I would get a segmentation fault, since the maximum number of elements has been exceeded, which is why I use malloc. Is there something similar I can do for an array of bits?

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• phpMyAdmin "No database selected" MySQL

  - by user1751660

  I downloaded a MySQL backup file and promptly imported into MAMP's phpMyAdmin. I got this return: Error SQL query: -- -- Database: `mysql` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Table structure for table `columns_priv` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `columns_priv` ( `Host` CHAR( 60 ) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Db` CHAR( 64 ) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `User` CHAR( 16 ) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Table_name` CHAR( 64 ) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Column_name` CHAR( 64 ) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Timestamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , `Column_priv` SET( 'Select', 'Insert', 'Update', 'References' ) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY ( `Host` , `Db` , `User` , `Table_name` , `Column_name` ) ) ENGINE = MYISAM DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin COMMENT = 'Column privileges'; MySQL said: #1046 - No database selected I did not alter the .sql file at all. Any hints on how i can get this puppy going locally? Thanks!

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• What is the best signature for overloaded arithmetic operators in C++?

  - by JohnMcG

  I had assumed that the canonical form for operator+, assuming the existence of an overloaded operator+= member function, was like this: const T operator+(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) { return T(lhs) +=rhs; } But it was pointed out to me that this would also work: const T operator+ (T lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs+=rhs; } In essence, this form transfers creation of the temporary from the body of the implementation to the function call. It seems a little awkward to have different types for the two parameters, but is there anything wrong with the second form? Is there a reason to prefer one over the other?

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• malloc unable to assign memory + doesnt warn

  - by sraddhaj

  char *str=NULL; strsave(s,str,n+1); printf("%s",str-n); when I gdb debug this code I find that the str value is 0x0 which is null and also that my code is not catching this failed memory allocation , it doesnt execute str==NULL perror code ...Any idea void strsave(char *s,char *str,int n) { str=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)* n); if(str==NULL) perror("failed to allocate memory"); while(*s) { *str++=*s++; } *str='\0'; }

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• Scheme - What is wrong with my attempt to extend this declaration?

  - by CppLearner

  This is a homework question. Question My attempt (the whole file): http://pastebin.com/vt3Q3dqs If you search let var = exp1 in body, that's the function I need to extend according to the question. When I test the sample code above, I get an error apply-env: No binding for y (eval "let x = 30 in let x = -(x,1) y = -(x,2) in -(x,y)") ; The following is execution log The-next-two-lines-shows-var-and-exp1 (x) (#(struct:const-exp 30)) diff-exp #(struct:var-exp x) #(struct:const-exp 1) diff-exp #(struct:var-exp x) #(struct:const-exp 2) The-next-two-lines-shows-var-and-exp1 (x y) (#(struct:diff-exp #(struct:var-exp x) #(struct:const-exp 1)) #(struct:diff-exp #(struct:var-exp x) #(struct:const-exp 2))) diff-exp #(struct:var-exp x) #(struct:var-exp y) As you can see, when the interperter reads the last line -(x,y) it complains because there is no binding. What did I do wrong? I know this is really long language, but if anyone can kindly lead me to the right direction would be really really nice. Thank you!

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• Using an int as the numerical representation of a string in C#

  - by bluewall21

  I'm trying to use an integer as the numerical representation of a string, for example, storing "ABCD" as 0x41424344. However, when it comes to output, I've got to convert the integer back into 4 ASCII characters. Right now, I'm using bit shifts and masking, as follows: int value = 0x41424344; string s = new string ( new char [] { (char)(value >> 24), (char)(value >> 16 & 0xFF), (char)(value >> 8 & 0xFF), (char)(value & 0xFF) }); Is there a cleaner way to do this? I've tried various casts, but the compiler, as expected, complained about it.

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• finding character in string C language

  - by iSight

  Hi, I am searching a character at first occurence in string using the following code. But, it is taking some time when the character is too long or the character that i am searching is at far extend, which makes delay in other operations. How could i tackle with this problem. The code is below here. Note: attrPtr is a char* which holds a reference to a string containing '"' character at far extend. int position = 0; char qolon = '"';//character to search while (*(attrPtr + position++) != qolon); char* attrValue = NULL; attrValue = (char*)malloc(position * sizeof(char)); strncpy(attrValue, attrPtr, position-1);

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• Loop crashing program having to do with 2D arrays

  - by user450062

  I am creating an encoding program and when I instruct the program to create a 5X5 grid based on the alphabet while skipping over letters that match up to certain pre-defined variables(which are given values by user input during runtime). I have a loop that instructs the loop to keep running until the values that access the array are out of bounds, the loop seems to cause the problem. This code is standardized so there shouldn't be much trouble compiling it in another compiler. Also would it be better to seperate my program into functions? here is the code: #include<iostream> #include<fstream> #include<cstdlib> #include<string> #include<limits> using namespace std; int main(){ while (!cin.fail()) { char type[81]; char filename[20]; char key [5]; char f[2] = "q"; char g[2] = "q"; char h[2] = "q"; char i[2] = "q"; char j[2] = "q"; char k[2] = "q"; char l[2] = "q"; int a = 1; int b = 1; int c = 1; int d = 1; int e = 1; string cipherarraytemplate[5][5]= { {"a","b","c","d","e"}, {"f","g","h","i","j"}, {"k","l","m","n","o"}, {"p","r","s","t","u"}, {"v","w","x","y","z"} }; string cipherarray[5][5]= { {"a","b","c","d","e"}, {"f","g","h","i","j"}, {"k","l","m","n","o"}, {"p","r","s","t","u"}, {"v","w","x","y","z"} }; cout<<"Enter the name of a file you want to create.\n"; cin>>filename; ofstream outFile; outFile.open(filename); outFile<<fixed; outFile.precision(2); outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint); cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<int>::max(),'\n'); cout<<"enter your codeword(codeword can have no repeating letters)\n"; cin>>key; while (key[a] != '\0' ){ while(b < 6){ cipherarray[b][c] = key[a]; if ( f == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = f; } if ( f != "q" && g == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = g; } if ( g != "q" && h == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = h; } if ( h != "q" && i == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = i; } if ( i != "q" && j == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = j; } if ( j != "q" && k == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = k; } if ( k != "q" && l == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = l; } a++; b++; } c++; b = 1; } while (c < 6 || b < 6){ if (cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == f || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == g || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == h || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == i || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == j || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == k || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == l){ d++; } else { cipherarray[b][c] = cipherarraytemplate[d][e]; d++; b++; } if (d == 6){ d = 1; e++; } if (b == 6){ c++; b = 1; } } cout<<"now enter some text."<<endl<<"To end this program press Crtl-Z\n"; while(!cin.fail()){ cin.getline(type,81); outFile<<type<<endl; } outFile.close(); } } I know there is going to be some mid-forties guy out there who is going to stumble on to this post, he's have been programming for 20-some years and he's going to look at my code and say: "what is this guy doing".

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• conversions in C++

  - by lego69

  I have this snippet of the code: header class A { private: int player; public: A(int initPlayer = 0); A(const A&); A& operator=(const A&); ~A(); void foo() const; friend A& operator=(A& i, const A& member); }; operator= A& operator=(A& i, const A& member){ i(member.player); return i; } and I have row in my code: i = *pa1; A *pa1 = new A(a2); at the beginning i was int how can I fix it, thanks in advance I have an error must be non-static function

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• Understanding behaviour of read() and write()

  - by neo730

  hi i am a student and just start learning low level c programming.i tried to understand read() and write() methods with this program. #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> main() { char *st; st=calloc(sizeof(char),2);//allocate memory for 2 char read(0,st,2); write(1,st,2); } i was expecting that it would give segmentation fault when i would try to input more than 2 input characters.but when i execute program and enter " asdf " after giving " as " as output it executes "df" command. i want to know why it doesn't give segmentation fault when we assign more than 2 char to a string of size 2.and why is it executing rest(after 2 char)of input as command instead of giving it as output only? also reading man page of read() i found read() should give EFAULT error,but it doesn't. I am using linux.

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• Why does gcc warn about incompatible struct assignment with a `self = [super initDesignatedInit];' c

  - by gavinbeatty

  I have the following base/derived class setup in Objective-C: @interface ASCIICodeBase : NSObject { @protected char code_[4]; } - (Base *)initWithASCIICode:(const char *)code; @end @implementation ASCIICodeBase - (ASCIICodeBase *)initWithCode:(const char *)code len:(size_t)len { if (len == 0 || len > 3) { return nil; } if (self = [super init]) { memset(code_, 0, 4); strncpy(code_, code, 3); } return self; } @end @interface CountryCode : ASCIICodeBase - (CountryCode *)initWithCode:(const char *)code; @end @implementation CountryCode - (CountryCode *)initWithCode:(const char *)code { size_t len = strlen(code); if (len != 2) { return nil; } self = [super initWithCode:code len:len]; // here return self; } @end On the line marked "here", I get the following gcc warning: warning: incompatible Objective-C types assigning 'struct ASCIICodeBase *', expected 'struct CurrencyCode *' Is there something wrong with this code or should I have the ASCIICodeBase return id? Or maybe use a cast on the "here" line?

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• What C++ coding standard do you use?

  - by gablin

  For some time now, I've been unable to settle on a coding standard and use it concistently between projects. When starting a new project, I tend to change some things around (add a space there, remove a space there, add a line break there, an extra indent there, change naming conventions, etc.). So I figured that I might provide a piece of sample code, in C++, and ask you to rewrite it to fit your standard of coding. Inspiration is always good, I say. ^^ So here goes: #ifndef _DERIVED_CLASS_H__ #define _DERIVED_CLASS_H__ /** * This is an example file used for sampling code layout. * * @author Firstname Surname */ #include <stdio> #include <string> #include <list> #include "BaseClass.h" #include "Stuff.h" /** * The DerivedClass is completely useless. It represents uselessness in all its * entirety. */ class DerivedClass : public BaseClass { //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CONSTRUCTORS / DESTRUCTORS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// public: /** * Constructs a useless object with default settings. * * @param value * Is never used. * @throws Exception * If something goes awry. */ DerivedClass (const int value) : uselessSize_ (0) {} /** * Constructs a copy of a given useless object. * * @param object * Object to copy. * @throws OutOfMemoryException * If necessary data cannot be allocated. */ ItemList (const DerivedClass& object) {} /** * Destroys this useless object. */ ~ItemList (); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PUBLIC METHODS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// public: /** * Clones a given useless object. * * @param object * Object to copy. * @return This useless object. */ DerivedClass& operator= (const DerivedClass& object) { stuff_ = object.stuff_; uselessSize_ = object.uselessSize_; } /** * Does absolutely nothing. * * @param useless * Pointer to useless data. */ void doNothing (const int* useless) { if (useless == NULL) { return; } else { int womba = *useless; switch (womba) { case 0: cout << "This is output 0"; break; case 1: cout << "This is output 1"; break; case 2: cout << "This is output 2"; break; default: cout << "This is default output"; break; } } } /** * Does even less. */ void doEvenLess () { int mySecret = getSecret (); int gather = 0; for (int i = 0; i < mySecret; i++) { gather += 2; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRIVATE METHODS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// private: /** * Gets the secret value of this useless object. * * @return A secret value. */ int getSecret () const { if ((RANDOM == 42) && (stuff_.size() > 0) || (1000000000000000000 > 0) && true) { return 420; } else if (RANDOM == -1) { return ((5 * 2) + (4 - 1)) / 2; } int timer = 100; bool stopThisMadness = false; while (!stopThisMadness) { do { timer--; } while (timer > 0); stopThisMadness = true; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // FIELDS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// private: /** * Don't know what this is used for. */ static const int RANDOM = 42; /** * List of lists of stuff. */ std::list <Stuff> stuff_; /** * Specifies the size of this object's uselessness. */ size_t uselessSize_; }; #endif

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• DATEFROMPARTS

  - by jamiet

  I recently overheard a remark by Greg Low in which he said something akin to "the most interesting parts of a new SQL Server release are the myriad of small things that are in there that make a developer's life easier" (I'm paraphrasing because I can't remember the actual quote but it was something like that). The new DATEFROMPARTS function is a classic example of that . It simply takes three integer parameters and builds a date out of them (if you have used DateSerial in Reporting Services then you'll understand). Take the following code which generates the first and last day of some given years: SELECT 2008 AS Yr INTO #Years UNION ALL SELECT 2009 UNION ALL SELECT 2010 UNION ALL SELECT 2011 UNION ALL SELECT 2012SELECT [FirstDayOfYear] = CONVERT(DATE,CONVERT(CHAR(8),((y.[Yr] * 10000) + 101))),      [LastDayOfYear] = CONVERT(DATE,CONVERT(CHAR(8),((y.[Yr] * 10000) + 1231)))FROM   #Years y here are the results: That code is pretty gnarly though with those CONVERTs in there and, worse, if the character string is constructed in a certain way then it could fail due to localisation, check this out: SET LANGUAGE french;SELECT dt,Month_Name=DATENAME(mm,dt)FROM   (       SELECT  dt = CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(CHAR(4),y.[Yr]) + N'-01-02')       FROM    #Years y       )d;SET LANGUAGE us_english;SELECT dt,Month_Name=DATENAME(mm,dt)FROM   (       SELECT  dt = CONVERT(DATETIME,CONVERT(CHAR(4),y.[Yr]) + N'-01-02')       FROM    #Years y       )d; Notice how the datetime has been converted differently based on the language setting. When French, the string "2012-01-02" gets interpreted as 1st February whereas when us_english the same string is interpreted as 2nd January. Instead of all this CONVERTing nastiness we have DATEFROMPARTS: SELECT [FirstDayOfYear] = DATEFROMPARTS(y.[Yr],1,1),    [LasttDayOfYear] = DATEFROMPARTS(y.[Yr],12,31)FROM   #Years y How much nicer is that? The bad news of course is that you have to upgrade to SQL Server 2012 or migrate to SQL Azure if you want to use it, as is the way of the world! Don't forget that if you want to try this code out on SQL Azure right this second, for free, you can do so by connecting up to AdventureWorks On Azure. You don't even need to have SSMS handy - a browser that runs Silverlight will do just fine. Simply head to https://mhknbn2kdz.database.windows.net/ and use the following credentials: Database AdventureWorks2012 User sqlfamily Password sqlf@m1ly One caveat, SELECT INTO doesn't work on SQL Azure so you'll have to use this instead: DECLARE @y TABLE ( [Yr] INT);INSERT @y([Yr])SELECT 2008 AS Yr UNION ALL SELECT 2009 UNION ALL SELECT 2010 UNION ALL SELECT 2011 UNION ALL SELECT 2012;SELECT [FirstDayOfYear] = DATEFROMPARTS(y.[Yr],1,1),      [LastDayOfYear] = DATEFROMPARTS(y.[Yr],12,31)FROM @y y;SELECT [FirstDayOfYear] = CONVERT(DATE,CONVERT(CHAR(8),((y.[Yr] * 10000) + 101))),      [LastDayOfYear] = CONVERT(DATE,CONVERT(CHAR(8),((y.[Yr] * 10000) + 1231)))FROM @y y; @Jamiet

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• Is it bad practice to make an iterator that is aware of its own end

  - by aaronman

  For some background of why I am asking this question here is an example. In python the method chain chains an arbitrary number of ranges together and makes them into one without making copies. Here is a link in case you don't understand it. I decided I would implement chain in c++ using variadic templates. As far as I can tell the only way to make an iterator for chain that will successfully go to the next container is for each iterator to to know about the end of the container (I thought of a sort of hack in where when != is called against the end it will know to go to the next container, but the first way seemed easier and safer and more versatile). My question is if there is anything inherently wrong with an iterator knowing about its own end, my code is in c++ but this can be language agnostic since many languages have iterators. #ifndef CHAIN_HPP #define CHAIN_HPP #include "iterator_range.hpp" namespace iter { template <typename ... Containers> struct chain_iter; template <typename Container> struct chain_iter<Container> { private: using Iterator = decltype(((Container*)nullptr)->begin()); Iterator begin; const Iterator end;//never really used but kept it for consistency public: chain_iter(Container & container, bool is_end=false) : begin(container.begin()),end(container.end()) { if(is_end) begin = container.end(); } chain_iter & operator++() { ++begin; return *this; } auto operator*()->decltype(*begin) { return *begin; } bool operator!=(const chain_iter & rhs) const{ return this->begin != rhs.begin; } }; template <typename Container, typename ... Containers> struct chain_iter<Container,Containers...> { private: using Iterator = decltype(((Container*)nullptr)->begin()); Iterator begin; const Iterator end; bool end_reached = false; chain_iter<Containers...> next_iter; public: chain_iter(Container & container, Containers& ... rest, bool is_end=false) : begin(container.begin()), end(container.end()), next_iter(rest...,is_end) { if(is_end) begin = container.end(); } chain_iter & operator++() { if (begin == end) { ++next_iter; } else { ++begin; } return *this; } auto operator*()->decltype(*begin) { if (begin == end) { return *next_iter; } else { return *begin; } } bool operator !=(const chain_iter & rhs) const { if (begin == end) { return this->next_iter != rhs.next_iter; } else return this->begin != rhs.begin; } }; template <typename ... Containers> iterator_range<chain_iter<Containers...>> chain(Containers& ... containers) { auto begin = chain_iter<Containers...>(containers...); auto end = chain_iter<Containers...>(containers...,true); return iterator_range<chain_iter<Containers...>>(begin,end); } } #endif //CHAIN_HPP

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• C# serial port driver wrapper class code and concept quality

  - by Ruben Trancoso

  Hi folks, Would like to know from all you guys what you think about my Serial Wrapper class. Had be a while I've beem working with serial port but never shared the code what somekind make closed to my very own vision. Would like to know if it's a good/bad approach, if the interface is enough and what more you see on it. I know that Stackoverflow is for question but at the same time there's a lot of very good skilled people here and share code and opinion can also bennefit everybody, it's why I decided to post it anyway. thanks! using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.IO.Ports; using System; namespace Driver { class SerialSingleton { // The singleton instance reference private static SerialSingleton instance = null; // System's serial port interface private SerialPort serial; // Current com port identifier private string comPort = null; // Configuration parameters private int confBaudRate; private int confDataBits; private StopBits confStopBits; private Parity confParityControl; ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding(); // ================================================================================== // Constructors public static SerialSingleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new SerialSingleton(); } return instance; } private SerialSingleton() { serial = new SerialPort(); } // =================================================================================== // Setup Methods public string ComPort { get { return comPort; } set { if (value == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial port name canot be null."); } if (nameIsComm(value)) { close(); comPort = value; } else { throw new SerialException("Serial Port '" + value + "' is not a valid com port."); } } } public void setSerial(string baudRate, int dataBits, StopBits stopBits, Parity parityControl) { if (baudRate == null) { throw new SerialException("Baud rate cannot be null"); } string[] baudRateRef = { "300", "600", "1200", "1800", "2400", "3600", "4800", "7200", "9600", "14400", "19200", "28800", "38400", "57600", "115200" }; int confBaudRate; if (findString(baudRateRef, baudRate) != -1) { confBaudRate = System.Convert.ToInt32(baudRate); } else { throw new SerialException("Baurate parameter invalid."); } int confDataBits; switch (dataBits) { case 5: confDataBits = 5; break; case 6: confDataBits = 6; break; case 7: confDataBits = 7; break; case 8: confDataBits = 8; break; default: throw new SerialException("Databits parameter invalid"); } if (stopBits == StopBits.None) { throw new SerialException("StopBits parameter cannot be NONE"); } this.confBaudRate = confBaudRate; this.confDataBits = confDataBits; this.confStopBits = stopBits; this.confParityControl = parityControl; } // ================================================================================== public string[] PortList { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames(); } } public int PortCount { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames().Length; } } // ================================================================================== // Open/Close Methods public void open() { open(comPort); } private void open(string comPort) { if (isOpen()) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port is Already open"); } else { if (comPort == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port not defined. Cannot open"); } bool found = false; if (nameIsComm(comPort)) { string portId; string[] portList = SerialPort.GetPortNames(); for (int i = 0; i < portList.Length; i++) { portId = (portList[i]); if (portId.Equals(comPort)) { found = true; break; } } } else { throw new SerialException("The com port identifier '" + comPort + "' is not a valid serial port identifier"); } if (!found) { throw new SerialException("Serial port '" + comPort + "' not found"); } serial.PortName = comPort; try { serial.Open(); } catch (UnauthorizedAccessException uaex) { throw new SerialException("Cannot open a serial port in use by another application", uaex); } try { serial.BaudRate = confBaudRate; serial.DataBits = confDataBits; serial.Parity = confParityControl; serial.StopBits = confStopBits; } catch (Exception e) { throw new SerialException("Serial port parameter invalid for '" + comPort + "'.\n" + e.Message, e); } } } public void close() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.Close(); } } // =================================================================================== // Auxiliary private Methods private int findString(string[] set, string search) { if (set != null) { for (int i = 0; i < set.Length; i++) { if (set[i].Equals(search)) { return i; } } } return -1; } private bool nameIsComm(string name) { int comNumber; int.TryParse(name.Substring(3), out comNumber); if (name.Substring(0, 3).Equals("COM")) { if (comNumber > -1 && comNumber < 256) { return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================= // Device state Methods public bool isOpen() { return serial.IsOpen; } public bool hasData() { int amount = serial.BytesToRead; if (amount > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // ================================================================================== // Input Methods public char getChar() { int data = serial.ReadByte(); return (char)data; } public int getBytes(ref byte[] b) { int size = b.Length; char c; int counter = 0; for (counter = 0; counter < size; counter++) { if (tryGetChar(out c)) { b[counter] = (byte)c; } else { break; } } return counter; } public string getStringUntil(char x) { char c; string response = ""; while (tryGetChar(out c)) { response = response + c; if (c == x) { break; } } return response; } public bool tryGetChar(out char c) { c = (char)0x00; byte[] b = new byte[1]; long to = 10; long ft = System.Environment.TickCount + to; while (System.Environment.TickCount < ft) { if (hasData()) { int data = serial.ReadByte(); c = (char)data; return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================ // Output Methods public void sendString(string data) { byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); serial.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } public void sendChar(char c) { char[] data = new char[1]; data[0] = c; serial.Write(data, 0, 1); } public void sendBytes(byte[] data) { serial.Write(data, 0, data.Length); } public void clearBuffer() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.DiscardInBuffer(); serial.DiscardOutBuffer(); } } } }

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• Webview crash with Garbage Collector ON

  - by user273666

  Hi, I have a very specific web page that causes webview to crash with the Garnage Collector ON (does not crash when OFF). Easy to reproduce: create a document base application, drop a webview, and have the following line (button perhaps). - (void)connectSearch:(id)sender { [[webView mainFrame] loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://apple.com"]]]; } I guess this scenario is only valid while Apple advertises their new iPad. At the bottom of the page there is two video you can watch. Click on the one on the right. When it is playing, click on the Close button (link) top left - which sends #SwapViewPreviousSelection - and that's it, it crashes. I'm just learning about the garbage collector but I suspect something is collected that should not. Any idea what can prevent the crash, other than turning off the garbage collector? Thank you. Here is what I get: Identifier: com.yourcompany.wb Version: 1.0 (1) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [163] Date/Time: 2010-02-15 12:26:31.069 -0500 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.6.2 (10C540) Report Version: 6 Interval Since Last Report: 432447 sec Crashes Since Last Report: 7 Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 2938 sec Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 5 Anonymous UUID: CC123A77-1407-444A-9081-8A2B7C15C2B6 Exception Type: EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000002, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread Application Specific Information: objc[70635]: garbage collection is ON Thread 0 Crashed: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread 0 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e0a788 CFRetain + 200 1 com.apple.QuartzCore 0x00007fff81677a98 -[CALayer setSublayers:] + 486 2 com.apple.WebCore 0x00007fff87c792a1 WebCore::GraphicsLayerCA::updateSublayerList() + 433 3 com.apple.WebCore 0x00007fff87c7ebd8 WebCore::GraphicsLayerCA::commitLayerChanges() + 840 4 com.apple.WebCore 0x00007fff87c7ed05 WebCore::GraphicsLayerCA::recursiveCommitChanges() + 21 5 com.apple.WebCore 0x00007fff87c7ed31 WebCore::GraphicsLayerCA::recursiveCommitChanges() + 65 6 com.apple.WebCore 0x00007fff87705296 WebCore::FrameView::paintContents(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&) + 390 7 com.apple.WebKit 0x00007fff81b3d205 -[WebFrame(WebInternal) _drawRect:contentsOnly:] + 149 8 com.apple.WebKit 0x00007fff81b3ce77 -[WebHTMLView drawSingleRect:] + 455 9 com.apple.WebKit 0x00007fff81b3cc16 -[WebHTMLView drawRect:] + 566 10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8597b05e -[NSView _drawRect:clip:] + 3566 11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff85978834 -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 2112 12 com.apple.WebKit 0x00007fff81b3dd6b -[WebHTMLView(WebPrivate) _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 299 13 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 14 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 15 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 16 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 17 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 18 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859791bf -[NSView _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 4555 19 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff85977e17 -[NSThemeFrame _recursiveDisplayRectIfNeededIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:topView:] + 254 20 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff859746bf -[NSView _displayRectIgnoringOpacity:isVisibleRect:rectIsVisibleRectForView:] + 2683 21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff858edf37 -[NSView displayIfNeeded] + 969 22 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff858e8dde _handleWindowNeedsDisplay + 678 23 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e74427 __CFRunLoopDoObservers + 519 24 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e502d4 __CFRunLoopRun + 468 25 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 26 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff88192a4e RunCurrentEventLoopInMode + 333 27 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff881927b1 ReceiveNextEventCommon + 148 28 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff8819270c BlockUntilNextEventMatchingListInMode + 59 29 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff858be1f2 _DPSNextEvent + 708 30 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff858bdb41 -[NSApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 155 31 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff85883747 -[NSApplication run] + 395 32 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8587c468 NSApplicationMain + 364 33 com.yourcompany.wb 0x0000000100001c86 main + 33 (main.m:14) 34 com.yourcompany.wb 0x0000000100001a44 start + 52 Thread 1: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874bbba kevent + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874da85 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 154 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874d75c _dispatch_queue_invoke + 185 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874d286 _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 244 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874cbb8 _pthread_wqthread + 353 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874ca55 start_wqthread + 13 Thread 2: JavaScriptCore: FastMalloc scavenger 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.JavaScriptCore 0x00007fff80ae62b3 WTF::TCMalloc_PageHeap::scavengerThread() + 515 3 com.apple.JavaScriptCore 0x00007fff80ae62f9 WTF::TCMalloc_PageHeap::runScavengerThread(void*) + 9 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 3: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874c9da __workq_kernreturn + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874cdec _pthread_wqthread + 917 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874ca55 start_wqthread + 13 Thread 4: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e3a mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887334ad mach_msg + 59 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e507a2 __CFRunLoopRun + 1698 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 4 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff800de4cf +[NSURLConnection(NSURLConnectionReallyInternal) _resourceLoadLoop:] + 297 5 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8005ee99 __NSThread__main__ + 1429 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 5: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887769e2 select$DARWIN_EXTSN + 10 1 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e72242 __CFSocketManager + 818 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 6: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874c9da __workq_kernreturn + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874cdec _pthread_wqthread + 917 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874ca55 start_wqthread + 13 Thread 7: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8873d426 read + 10 1 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82eb1ae0 __CFSocketRead + 544 2 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88bba667 __CFSocketReadWithError(__CFSocket*, unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*) + 35 3 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88bba397 SocketStream::read(__CFReadStream*, unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*, unsigned char*) + 699 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e3ffac CFReadStreamRead + 540 5 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88bd3dc1 HTTPReadFilter::doPlainRead(unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*, unsigned char*) + 307 6 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88bd3c59 HTTPReadFilter::streamRead(__CFReadStream*, unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*, unsigned char*) + 469 7 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e3ffac CFReadStreamRead + 540 8 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88bd39e6 HTTPNetStreamInfo::streamRead(__CFReadStream*, unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*, unsigned char*) + 562 9 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e3ffac CFReadStreamRead + 540 10 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88c23892 HTTPReadStream::streamRead(__CFReadStream*, unsigned char*, long, CFStreamError*, unsigned char*) + 82 11 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e3ffac CFReadStreamRead + 540 12 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86b59a6f FigCFHTTPReadResponse + 855 13 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82eb1503 _signalEventSync + 115 14 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82eb1474 _cfstream_solo_signalEventSync + 116 15 com.apple.CFNetwork 0x00007fff88c228fd HTTPReadStream::streamEvent(unsigned long) + 163 16 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82eb1503 _signalEventSync + 115 17 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82eb1474 _cfstream_solo_signalEventSync + 116 18 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e52271 __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 1361 19 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e50469 __CFRunLoopRun + 873 20 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 21 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4f9b6 CFRunLoopRun + 70 22 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d4702 FigThreadGlobalNetworkBufferingRunloop + 119 23 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 24 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 8: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5947 WaitOnCondition + 14 3 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5b13 FigSemaphoreWaitRelative + 167 4 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86aee8c7 FigAIORequestThread + 398 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 9: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874c9da __workq_kernreturn + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874cdec _pthread_wqthread + 917 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8874ca55 start_wqthread + 13 Thread 10: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e3a mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887334ad mach_msg + 59 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e507a2 __CFRunLoopRun + 1698 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4f9b6 CFRunLoopRun + 70 5 com.apple.QTKit 0x00007fff830d0c49 QTFigVisualContextImageProviderWorkThread + 342 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 11: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e3a mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887334ad mach_msg + 59 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e507a2 __CFRunLoopRun + 1698 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 4 ....audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox 0x00007fff8416267a GenericRunLoopThread::RunLoop() + 42 5 ....audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox 0x00007fff841629f0 GenericRunLoopThread::Run() + 140 6 ....audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox 0x00007fff8412ded5 CAPThread::Entry(CAPThread*) + 67 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 12: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5947 WaitOnCondition + 14 3 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5b13 FigSemaphoreWaitRelative + 167 4 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86afd4dd faq_EnqueueSourceDataThread + 44 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 13: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5947 WaitOnCondition + 14 3 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5b13 FigSemaphoreWaitRelative + 167 4 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86b9b03b activitySchedulerOnThread + 69 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 14: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5947 WaitOnCondition + 14 3 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5b13 FigSemaphoreWaitRelative + 167 4 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86b26d49 audioMentorThread + 6000 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 15: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876d9ee __semwait_signal + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887717f1 _pthread_cond_wait + 1286 2 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5947 WaitOnCondition + 14 3 com.apple.CoreMedia 0x00007fff803d5b13 FigSemaphoreWaitRelative + 167 4 com.apple.MediaToolbox 0x00007fff86b3003a videoMentorThread + 5700 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 16: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e3a mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887334ad mach_msg + 59 2 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e507a2 __CFRunLoopRun + 1698 3 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4fc2f CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 575 4 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff82e4f9b6 CFRunLoopRun + 70 5 com.apple.QTKit 0x00007fff830cfad4 QTCALayerRendererPendingQWorkLoop + 534 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 17: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e76 semaphore_wait_trap + 10 1 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff80487f25 JVTLib_100988 + 11 2 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff804d61d8 JVTLib_101021(void*) + 60 3 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff804882f4 JVTLib_100971 + 552 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 18: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e76 semaphore_wait_trap + 10 1 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff80487f25 JVTLib_100988 + 11 2 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff804d61d8 JVTLib_101021(void*) + 60 3 com.apple.VideoToolbox 0x00007fff804882f4 JVTLib_100971 + 552 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 19: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff88732e9a semaphore_timedwait_signal_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff887716e2 _pthread_cond_wait + 1015 2 com.apple.CoreVideo 0x00007fff83d2988c CVDisplayLink::waitUntil(unsigned long long) + 252 3 com.apple.CoreVideo 0x00007fff83d28d91 CVDisplayLink::runIOThread() + 619 4 com.apple.CoreVideo 0x00007fff83d28aeb startIOThread(void*) + 139 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876bf8e _pthread_start + 331 6 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff8876be41 thread_start + 13 Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit): rax: 0x0000000000000000 rbx: 0x0000000000000000 rcx: 0x0000000000000000 rdx: 0x0000000000000018 rdi: 0x0000000000000000 rsi: 0x000000020070f7d8 rbp: 0x00007fff5fbfbcf0 rsp: 0x00007fff5fbfbce0 r8: 0x00000001010e48d0 r9: 0x000000000000f740 r10: 0x00000001010e42f0 r11: 0x00007fff87d9ca50 r12: 0x0000000101238600 r13: 0x0000000000000000 r14: 0x000000020070f7c0 r15: 0x0000000000000000 rip: 0x00007fff82e0a788 rfl: 0x0000000000000246 cr2: 0x00007fff702c13c8

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• C++ scoping error

  - by Pat Murray

  I have the following code: #include "Student.h" #include "SortedList.h" using namespace std; int main() { // points to the sorted list object SortedList *list = new SortedList; //This is line 17 // array to hold 100 student objects Student create[100]; int num = 100000; // holds different ID numbers // fills an array with 100 students of various ID numbers for (Student &x : create) { x = new Student(num); num += 100; } // insert all students into the sorted list for (Student &x : create) list->insert(&x); delete list; return 0; } And I keep getting the compile time error: main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: main.cpp:17: error: ‘SortedList’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:17: error: ‘list’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:17: error: expected type-specifier before ‘SortedList’ main.cpp:17: error: expected `;' before ‘SortedList’ main.cpp:20: error: ‘Student’ was not declared in this scope main.cpp:20: error: expected primary-expression before ‘]’ token main.cpp:20: error: expected `;' before ‘create’ main.cpp:25: error: expected `;' before ‘x’ main.cpp:31: error: expected primary-expression before ‘for’ main.cpp:31: error: expected `;' before ‘for’ main.cpp:31: error: expected primary-expression before ‘for’ main.cpp:31: error: expected `)' before ‘for’ main.cpp:31: error: expected `;' before ‘x’ main.cpp:34: error: type ‘<type error>’ argument given to ‘delete’, expected pointer main.cpp:35: error: expected primary-expression before ‘return’ main.cpp:35: error: expected `)' before ‘return’ My Student.cpp and SortedList.cpp files compile just fine. They both also include .h files. I just do not understand why I get an error on that line. It seems to be a small issue though. Any insight would be appreciated. UPDATE1: I originally had .h files included, but i changed it when trying to figure out the cause of the error. The error remains with the .h files included though. UPDATE2: SortedList.h #ifndef SORTEDLIST_H #define SORTEDLIST_H #include "Student.h" /* * SortedList class * * A SortedList is an ordered collection of Students. The Students are ordered * from lowest numbered student ID to highest numbered student ID. */ class SortedList { public: SortedList(); // Constructs an empty list. SortedList(const SortedList & l); // Constructs a copy of the given student object ~SortedList(); // Destructs the sorted list object const SortedList & operator=(const SortedList & l); // Defines the assignment operator between two sorted list objects bool insert(Student *s); // If a student with the same ID is not already in the list, inserts // the given student into the list in the appropriate place and returns // true. If there is already a student in the list with the same ID // then the list is not changed and false is returned. Student *find(int studentID); // Searches the list for a student with the given student ID. If the // student is found, it is returned; if it is not found, NULL is returned. Student *remove(int studentID); // Searches the list for a student with the given student ID. If the // student is found, the student is removed from the list and returned; // if no student is found with the given ID, NULL is returned. // Note that the Student is NOT deleted - it is returned - however, // the removed list node should be deleted. void print() const; // Prints out the list of students to standard output. The students are // printed in order of student ID (from smallest to largest), one per line private: // Since Listnodes will only be used within the SortedList class, // we make it private. struct Listnode { Student *student; Listnode *next; }; Listnode *head; // pointer to first node in the list static void freeList(Listnode *L); // Traverses throught the linked list and deallocates each node static Listnode *copyList(Listnode *L); // Returns a pointer to the first node within a particular list }; #endif #ifndef STUDENT_H #define STUDENT_H Student.h #ifndef STUDENT_H #define STUDENT_H /* * Student class * * A Student object contains a student ID, the number of credits, and an * overall GPA. */ class Student { public: Student(); // Constructs a default student with an ID of 0, 0 credits, and 0.0 GPA. Student(int ID); // Constructs a student with the given ID, 0 credits, and 0.0 GPA. Student(int ID, int cr, double grPtAv); // Constructs a student with the given ID, number of credits, and GPA.\ Student(const Student & s); // Constructs a copy of another student object ~Student(); // Destructs a student object const Student & operator=(const Student & rhs); // Defines the assignment operator between two student objects // Accessors int getID() const; // returns the student ID int getCredits() const; // returns the number of credits double getGPA() const; // returns the GPA // Other methods void update(char grade, int cr); // Updates the total credits and overall GPA to take into account the // additions of the given letter grade in a course with the given number // of credits. The update is done by first converting the letter grade // into a numeric value (A = 4.0, B = 3.0, etc.). The new GPA is // calculated using the formula: // // (oldGPA * old_total_credits) + (numeric_grade * cr) // newGPA = --------------------------------------------------- // old_total_credits + cr // // Finally, the total credits is updated (to old_total_credits + cr) void print() const; // Prints out the student to standard output in the format: // ID,credits,GPA // Note: the end-of-line is NOT printed after the student information private: int studentID; int credits; double GPA; }; #endif

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• How do I implement AABB ray cast hit checking for opengl es on the iPhone

  - by Big Fizzy

  Basically, I draw a 3D cube, I can spin it around but I want to be able to touch it and know where on my cube's surface the user touched. I'm using for setting up, generating and spinning. Its based on the Molecules code and NeHe tutorial #5. Any help, links, tutorials and code would be greatly appreciated. I have lots of development experience but nothing much in the way of openGL and 3d. // // GLViewController.h // NeHe Lesson 05 // // Created by Jeff LaMarche on 12/12/08. // Copyright Jeff LaMarche Consulting 2008. All rights reserved. // #import "GLViewController.h" #import "GLView.h" @implementation GLViewController - (void)drawBox { static const GLfloat cubeVertices[] = { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f }; static const GLubyte cubeNumberOfIndices = 36; const GLubyte cubeVertexFaces[] = { 0, 1, 5, // Half of top face 0, 5, 4, // Other half of top face 4, 6, 5, // Half of front face 4, 6, 7, // Other half of front face 0, 1, 2, // Half of back face 0, 3, 2, // Other half of back face 1, 2, 5, // Half of right face 2, 5, 6, // Other half of right face 0, 3, 4, // Half of left face 7, 4, 3, // Other half of left face 3, 6, 2, // Half of bottom face 6, 7, 3, // Other half of bottom face }; const GLubyte cubeFaceColors[] = { 0, 255, 0, 255, 255, 125, 0, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, 255 }; glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, cubeVertices); int colorIndex = 0; for(int i = 0; i < cubeNumberOfIndices; i += 3) { glColor4ub(cubeFaceColors[colorIndex], cubeFaceColors[colorIndex+1], cubeFaceColors[colorIndex+2], cubeFaceColors[colorIndex+3]); int face = (i / 3.0); if (face%2 != 0.0) colorIndex+=4; glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &cubeVertexFaces[i]); } glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } //move this to a data model later! - (GLfixed)floatToFixed:(GLfloat)aValue; { return (GLfixed) (aValue * 65536.0f); } - (void)drawViewByRotatingAroundX:(float)xRotation rotatingAroundY:(float)yRotation scaling:(float)scaleFactor translationInX:(float)xTranslation translationInY:(float)yTranslation view:(GLView*)view; { glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); GLfixed currentModelViewMatrix[16] = { 45146, 47441, 2485, 0, -25149, 26775,-54274, 0, -40303, 36435, 36650, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65536 }; /* GLfixed currentModelViewMatrix[16] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65536 }; */ //glLoadIdentity(); //glOrthof(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -10.0f, 4.0f); // Reset rotation system if (isFirstDrawing) { //glLoadIdentity(); glMultMatrixx(currentModelViewMatrix); [self configureLighting]; isFirstDrawing = NO; } // Scale the view to fit current multitouch scaling GLfixed fixedPointScaleFactor = [self floatToFixed:scaleFactor]; glScalex(fixedPointScaleFactor, fixedPointScaleFactor, fixedPointScaleFactor); // Perform incremental rotation based on current angles in X and Y glGetFixedv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, currentModelViewMatrix); GLfloat totalRotation = sqrt(xRotation*xRotation + yRotation*yRotation); glRotatex([self floatToFixed:totalRotation], (GLfixed)((xRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[1] + (yRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[0]), (GLfixed)((xRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[5] + (yRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[4]), (GLfixed)((xRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[9] + (yRotation/totalRotation) * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[8]) ); // Translate the model by the accumulated amount glGetFixedv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, currentModelViewMatrix); float currentScaleFactor = sqrt(pow((GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[0] / 65536.0f, 2.0f) + pow((GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[1] / 65536.0f, 2.0f) + pow((GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[2] / 65536.0f, 2.0f)); xTranslation = xTranslation / (currentScaleFactor * currentScaleFactor); yTranslation = yTranslation / (currentScaleFactor * currentScaleFactor); // Grab the current model matrix, and use the (0,4,8) components to figure the eye's X axis in the model coordinate system, translate along that glTranslatef(xTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[0] / 65536.0f, xTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[4] / 65536.0f, xTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[8] / 65536.0f); // Grab the current model matrix, and use the (1,5,9) components to figure the eye's Y axis in the model coordinate system, translate along that glTranslatef(yTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[1] / 65536.0f, yTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[5] / 65536.0f, yTranslation * (GLfloat)currentModelViewMatrix[9] / 65536.0f); // Black background, with depth buffer enabled glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); [self drawBox]; } - (void)configureLighting; { const GLfixed lightAmbient[] = {13107, 13107, 13107, 65535}; const GLfixed lightDiffuse[] = {65535, 65535, 65535, 65535}; const GLfixed matAmbient[] = {65535, 65535, 65535, 65535}; const GLfixed matDiffuse[] = {65535, 65535, 65535, 65535}; const GLfixed lightPosition[] = {30535, -30535, 0, 0}; const GLfixed lightShininess = 20; glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glMaterialxv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT, matAmbient); glMaterialxv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_DIFFUSE, matDiffuse); glMaterialx(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SHININESS, lightShininess); glLightxv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, lightAmbient); glLightxv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightDiffuse); glLightxv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPosition); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); } -(void)setupView:(GLView*)view { const GLfloat zNear = 0.1, zFar = 1000.0, fieldOfView = 60.0; GLfloat size; glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); size = zNear * tanf(DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(fieldOfView) / 2.0); CGRect rect = view.bounds; glFrustumf(-size, size, -size / (rect.size.width / rect.size.height), size / (rect.size.width / rect.size.height), zNear, zFar); glViewport(0, 0, rect.size.width, rect.size.height); glScissor(0, 0, rect.size.width, rect.size.height); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -6.0f); isFirstDrawing = YES; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end

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• C++/CLI HTTP Proxy problems...

  - by darkantimatter

  Hi, I'm trying(very hard) to make a small HTTP Proxy server which I can use to save all communications to a file. Seeing as I dont really have any experience in the area, I used a class from codeproject.com and some associated code to get started (It was made in the old CLI syntax, so I converted it). I couldn't get it working, so I added lots more code to make it work (threads etc), and now it sort of works. Basically, it recieves something from a client (I just configured Mozilla Firefox to route its connections through this proxy) and then routes it to google.com. After it sends Mozilla's data to google, recieves a responce, and sends that to Mozilla. This works fine, but then the proxy fails to recieve any data from Mozilla. It just loops in the Sleep(50) section. Anyway, heres the code: ProxyTest.cpp: #include "stdafx.h" #include "windows.h" #include "CHTTPProxy.h" public ref class ClientThread { public: System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient ^ pClient; CHttpProxy ^ pProxy; System::Int32 ^ pRecieveBufferSize; System::Threading::Thread ^ Thread; ClientThread(System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient ^ sClient, CHttpProxy ^ sProxy, System::Int32 ^ sRecieveBufferSize) { pClient = sClient; pProxy = sProxy; pRecieveBufferSize = sRecieveBufferSize; }; void StartReading() { Thread = gcnew System::Threading::Thread(gcnew System::Threading::ThreadStart(this,&ClientThread::ThreadEntryPoint)); Thread->Start(); }; void ThreadEntryPoint() { char * bytess; bytess = new char[(int)pRecieveBufferSize]; memset(bytess, 0, (int)pRecieveBufferSize); array<unsigned char> ^ bytes = gcnew array<unsigned char>((int)pRecieveBufferSize); array<unsigned char> ^ sendbytes; do { if (pClient->GetStream()->DataAvailable) { try { do { Sleep(100); //Lets wait for whole packet to get cached (If it even does...) unsigned int k = pClient->GetStream()->Read(bytes, 0, (int)pRecieveBufferSize); //Read it for(unsigned int i=0; i<(int)pRecieveBufferSize; i++) bytess[i] = bytes[i]; Console::WriteLine("Packet Received:\n"+gcnew System::String(bytess)); pProxy->SendToServer(bytes,pClient->GetStream()); //Now send it to google! pClient->GetStream()->Flush(); } while(pClient->GetStream()->DataAvailable); } catch (Exception ^ e) { break; } } else { Sleep(50); //It just loops here because it thinks mozilla isnt sending anything if (!(pClient->Connected)) break; }; } while (pClient->GetStream()->CanRead); delete [] bytess; pClient->Close(); }; }; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { System::Collections::Generic::Stack<ClientThread ^> ^ Clients = gcnew System::Collections::Generic::Stack<ClientThread ^>(); System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener ^ pTcpListener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(8080); pTcpListener->Start(); System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient ^ pTcpClient; while (1) { pTcpClient = pTcpListener->AcceptTcpClient(); //Wait for client ClientThread ^ Client = gcnew ClientThread(pTcpClient, gcnew CHttpProxy("www.google.com.au", 80), pTcpClient->ReceiveBufferSize); //Make a new object for this client Client->StartReading(); //Start the thread Clients->Push(Client); //Add it to the list }; pTcpListener->Stop(); return 0; } CHTTPProxy.h, from http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/howtoproxy.aspx with a lot of modifications: //THIS FILE IS FROM http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/howtoproxy.aspx. I DID NOT MAKE THIS! BUT I HAVE MADE SEVERAL MODIFICATIONS! #using <mscorlib.dll> #using <SYSTEM.DLL> using namespace System; using System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient; using System::String; using System::Exception; using System::Net::Sockets::NetworkStream; #include <stdio.h> ref class CHttpProxy { public: CHttpProxy(System::String ^ szHost, int port); System::String ^ m_host; int m_port; void SendToServer(array<unsigned char> ^ Packet, System::Net::Sockets::NetworkStream ^ sendstr); }; CHttpProxy::CHttpProxy(System::String ^ szHost, int port) { m_host = gcnew System::String(szHost); m_port = port; } void CHttpProxy::SendToServer(array<unsigned char> ^ Packet, System::Net::Sockets::NetworkStream ^ sendstr) { TcpClient ^ tcpclnt = gcnew TcpClient(); try { tcpclnt->Connect(m_host,m_port); } catch (Exception ^ e ) { Console::WriteLine(e->ToString()); return; } // Send it if ( tcpclnt ) { NetworkStream ^ networkStream; networkStream = tcpclnt->GetStream(); int size = Packet->Length; networkStream->Write(Packet, 0, size); array<unsigned char> ^ bytes = gcnew array<unsigned char>(tcpclnt->ReceiveBufferSize); char * bytess = new char[tcpclnt->ReceiveBufferSize]; Sleep(500); //Wait for responce do { unsigned int k = networkStream->Read(bytes, 0, (int)tcpclnt->ReceiveBufferSize); //Read from google for(unsigned int i=0; i<k; i++) { bytess[i] = bytes[i]; if (bytess[i] == 0) bytess[i] = ' '; //Dont terminate the string if (bytess[i] < 8) bytess[i] = ' '; //Somethings making the computer beep, and its not 7?!?! }; Console::WriteLine("\n\nAbove packet sent to google. Google Packet Received:\n"+gcnew System::String(bytess)); sendstr->Write(bytes,0,k); //Send it to mozilla Console::WriteLine("\n\nAbove packet sent to client..."); //Sleep(1000); } while(networkStream->DataAvailable); delete [] bytess; } return; } Any help would be much appreciated, I've tried for hours.

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• OO Design - polymorphism - how to design for handing streams of different file types

  - by Kache4

  I've little experience with advanced OO practices, and I want to design this properly as an exercise. I'm thinking of implementing the following, and I'm asking if I'm going about this the right way. I have a class PImage that holds the raw data and some information I need for an image file. Its header is currently something like this: #include <boost/filesytem.hpp> #include <vector> namespace fs = boost::filesystem; class PImage { public: PImage(const fs::path& path, const unsigned char* buffer, int bufferLen); const vector<char> data() const { return data_; } const char* rawData() const { return &data_[0]; } /*** other assorted accessors ***/ private: fs::path path_; int width_; int height_; int filesize_; vector<char> data_; } I want to fill the width_ and height_ by looking through the file's header. The trivial/inelegant solution would be to have a lot of messy control flow that identifies the type of image file (.gif, .jpg, .png, etc) and then parse the header accordingly. Instead of using vector<char> data_, I was thinking of having PImage use a class, RawImageStream data_ that inherits from vector<char>. Each type of file I plan to support would then inherit from RawImageStream, e.g. RawGifStream, RawPngStream. Each RawXYZStream would encapsulate the respective header-parsing functions, and PImage would only have to do something like height_ = data_.getHeight();. Am I thinking this through correctly? How would I create the proper RawImageStream subclass for data_ to be in the PImage ctor? Is this where I could use an object factory? Anything I'm forgetting?

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• How to update a uniform variable in GLSL

  - by paj777

  Hi All, I am trying to get update the eye position in my shader from my appliaction but I keep getting error 1281 when I attempt this. I have no problems after the initialization just when i subsequently try to update the values. Here is my code: void GraphicsObject::SendShadersDDS(char vertFile [], char fragFile [], char filename []) { char *vs = NULL,*fs = NULL; vert = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); frag = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); vs = textFileRead(vertFile); fs = textFileRead(fragFile); const char * ff = fs; const char * vv = vs; glShaderSource(vert, 1, &vv, NULL); glShaderSource(frag, 1, &ff, NULL); free(vs); free(fs); glCompileShader(vert); glCompileShader(frag); program = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader(program, frag); glAttachShader(program, vert); glLinkProgram(program); glUseProgram(program); LoadCubeTexture(filename, compressedTexture); GLint location = glGetUniformLocation(program, "tex"); glUniform1i(location, 0); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); EyePos = glGetUniformLocation(program, "EyePosition"); glUniform4f(EyePos, EyePosition.X(),EyePosition.Y(), EyePosition.Z(), 1.0); DWORD bob = glGetError(); //All is fine here glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); } And here's the function I call to update the eye position: void GraphicsObject::UpdateEyePosition(Vector3d& eyePosition){ glUniform4f(EyePos, eyePosition.X(),eyePosition.Y(), eyePosition.Z(), 1.0); DWORD bob = glGetError(); //bob equals 1281 after this call } I've tried a few ways now of updating the variable and this is the latest incarnation, thanks for viewing, all comments welcome.

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• qsort on an array of pointers to Objective-C objects

  - by ElBueno

  I have an array of pointers to Objective-C objects. These objects have a sort key associated with them. I'm trying to use qsort to sort the array of pointers to these objects. However, the first time my comparator is called, the first argument points to the first element in my array, but the second argument points to garbage, giving me an EXC_BAD_ACCESS when I try to access its sort key. Here is my code (paraphrased): - (void)foo:(int)numThingies { Thingie **array; array = malloc(sizeof(deck[0])*numThingies); for(int i = 0; i < numThingies; i++) { array[i] = [[Thingie alloc] initWithSortKey:(float)random()/RAND_MAX]; } qsort(array[0], numThingies, sizeof(array[0]), thingieCmp); } int thingieCmp(const void *a, const void *b) { const Thingie *ia = (const Thingie *)a; const Thingie *ib = (const Thingie *)b; if (ia.sortKey > ib.sortKey) return 1; //ib point to garbage, so ib.sortKey produces the EXC_BAD_ACCESS else return -1; } Any ideas why this is happening?

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• python sqlite3 won't execute a join, but sqlite3 alone will

  - by Francis Davey

  Using the sqlite3 standard library in python 2.6.4, the following query works fine on sqlite3 command line: select segmentid, node_t, start, number,title from ((segments inner join position using (segmentid)) left outer join titles using (legid, segmentid)) left outer join numbers using (start, legid, version); But If I execute it via the sqlite3 library in python I get an error: >>> conn=sqlite3.connect('data/test.db') >>> conn.execute('''select segmentid, node_t, start, number,title from ((segments inner join position using (segmentid)) left outer join titles using (legid, segmentid)) left outer join numbers using (start, legid, version)''') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> sqlite3.OperationalError: cannot join using column start - column not present in both tables The (computed) table on the left hand side of the join appears to have the relevant column because if I check it by itself I get: >>> conn.execute('''select * from ((segments inner join position using (segmentid)) left outer join titles using (legid, segmentid)) limit 20''').description (('segmentid', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('html', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('node_t', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('legid', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('version', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('start', None, None, None, None, None, None), ('title', None, None, None, None, None, None)) My schema is: CREATE TABLE leg (legid integer primary key, t char(16), year char(16), no char(16)); CREATE TABLE numbers ( number char(16), legid integer, version integer, start integer, end integer, prev integer, prev_number char(16), next integer, next_number char(16), primary key (number, legid, version)); CREATE TABLE position ( segmentid integer, legid integer, version integer, start integer, primary key (segmentid, legid, version)); CREATE TABLE 'segments' (segmentid integer primary key, html text, node_t integer); CREATE TABLE titles (legid integer, segmentid integer, title text, primary key (legid, segmentid)); CREATE TABLE versions (legid integer, version integer, primary key (legid, version)); CREATE INDEX idx_numbers_start on numbers (legid, version, start); I am baffled as to what I am doing wrong. I have tried quitting/restarting both the python and sqlite command lines and can't see what I'm doing wrong. It may be completely obvious.

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• EXC_BREAKPOINT when starting iPhone app

  - by pgb

  A user of our app sent me the following crash log: Incident Identifier: 59D4D5E7-570A-4047-A679-3016B2A226C4 CrashReporter Key: d8284d671ee22ad17511360ce73409ebfa8b84bb Process: .... [63] Path: /var/mobile/Applications/.... Identifier: ... Version: ??? (???) Code Type: ARM (Native) Parent Process: launchd [1] Date/Time: 2010-03-08 17:00:15.437 -0800 OS Version: iPhone OS 2.2.1 (5H11a) Report Version: 103 Exception Type: EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP) Exception Codes: 0x00000001, 0xe7ffdefe Crashed Thread: 0 Thread 0 Crashed: 0 dyld 0x2fe01060 dyld_fatal_error + 0 1 dyld 0x2fe088d4 dyld::_main(mach_header const*, unsigned long, int, char const**, char const**, char const**) + 3064 2 dyld 0x2fe0196c dyldbootstrap::start(mach_header const*, int, char const**, long) + 884 3 dyld 0x2fe01048 _dyld_start + 32 Thread 0 crashed with ARM Thread State: r0: 0x2fe23ca0 r1: 0x00000000 r2: 0x2fe23ca0 r3: 0x00000000 r4: 0x2ffff4e0 r5: 0x2ffff4bc r6: 0x2fe005c0 r7: 0x2ffffb00 r8: 0x00000004 r9: 0x2fe57cf0 r10: 0x2fe236c8 r11: 0x00000009 ip: 0x0000018d sp: 0x2ffff5b8 lr: 0x2fe088dc pc: 0x2fe01060 cpsr: 0x00000010 Binary Images: 0x2fe00000 - 0x2fe22fff dyld ??? (???) <f6a50d5f57a676b54276d0ecef46d5f0> /usr/lib/dyld My app uses OpenFeint and PinchMedia analytics. For PinchMedia, I'm linking using their provided .a file, and for OpenFeint, I'm compiling their code (as per their guidelines). The frameworks / libs I'm linking are: UIKit.framework (Weak) MapKit.framework (Weak) Foundation.framework CoreGraphics.framework OpenAL.framework AudioToolbox.framework libsqlite3 SystemConfiguration.framework CoreLocation.framework PinchMedia analytics Security.framework QuartzCore.framework CFNetwork.framework My base SDK is iPhone 3.0, and my Base OS Deployment Target is 2.2.1. There are two things I find weird: The app crashes even before the main method is invoked. The crash log looks exactly like the one posted here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2368689/objective-c-iphone-app-exc-breakpoint-sigtrap The user that sent me this crash is using a 2nd gen iPod Touch with OS 2.2.1. I wasn't able to reproduce the issue, but based on the comments in iTunes, it seems that more people is having the same issue.

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