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  • (PHP) User is being forced to RE-LOGIN after trying to do something on an admin page

    - by hatorade
    I have created an admin panel for a client in PHP, which requires a login. Here is the code at the top of the admin page requiring the user to be logged in: admin.php <?php session_start(); require("_lib/session_functions.php"); require("_lib/db.php"); db_connect(); //if the user has not logged in if(!isLoggedIn()) { header('Location: login_form.php'); die(); } ?> Obviously, the if statement is what catches them and forces them to log in. Here is the code on the resulting login page: login_form.php <form name="login" action="login.php" method="post"> Username: <input type="text" name="username" /> Password: <input type="password" name="password" /> <input type="submit" value="Login" /> </form> Which posts info to this controller page: login.php <?php session_start(); //must call session_start before using any $_SESSION variables include '_lib/session_functions.php'; $username = $_POST['username']; $password = $_POST['password']; include '_lib/db.php'; db_connect(); // Connect to the DB $username = mysql_real_escape_string($username); $query = "SELECT password, salt FROM users WHERE username = '$username';"; $result = mysql_query($query); if(mysql_num_rows($result) < 1) //no such user exists { header('Location: login_form.php?login=fail'); die(); } $userData = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC); db_disconnect(); $hash = hash('sha256', $password . $userData['salt']); if($hash != $userData['password']) //incorrect password { header('Location: login_form.php?login=fail'); die(); } else { validateUser(); //sets the session data for this user } header('Location: admin.php'); ?> and the session functions page that provides login functions contains this: session_functions.php <?php function validateUser() { session_regenerate_id (); //this is a security measure $_SESSION['valid'] = 1; $_SESSION['userid'] = $username; } function isLoggedIn() { if($_SESSION['valid']) return true; return false; } function logout() { $_SESSION = array(); //destroy all of the session variables if (ini_get("session.use_cookies")) { $params = session_get_cookie_params(); setcookie(session_name(), '', time() - 42000, $params["path"], $params["domain"], $params["secure"], $params["httponly"] ); } session_destroy(); } ?> I grabbed the sessions_functions.php code of an online tutorial, so it could be suspicious. Any ideas why the user logs in to the admin panel, tries to do something, is forced to re-login, and THEN is allowed to do stuff like normal in the admin panel?

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  • ASP.NET MVC2 custom rolemanager (webconfig problem)

    - by ile
    Structure of the web: SAMembershipProvider.cs namespace User.Membership { public class SAMembershipProvider : MembershipProvider { #region - Properties - private int NewPasswordLength { get; set; } private string ConnectionString { get; set; } //private MachineKeySection MachineKey { get; set; } //Used when determining encryption key values. public bool enablePasswordReset { get; set; } public bool enablePasswordRetrieval { get; set; } public bool requiresQuestionAndAnswer { get; set; } public bool requiresUniqueEmail { get; set; } public int maxInvalidPasswordAttempts { get; set; } public int passwordAttemptWindow { get; set; } public MembershipPasswordFormat passwordFormat { get; set; } public int minRequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters { get; set; } public int minRequiredPasswordLength { get; set; } public string passwordStrengthRegularExpression { get; set; } public override string ApplicationName { get; set; } // Indicates whether passwords can be retrieved using the provider's GetPassword method. // This property is read-only. public override bool EnablePasswordRetrieval { get { return enablePasswordRetrieval; } } // Indicates whether passwords can be reset using the provider's ResetPassword method. // This property is read-only. public override bool EnablePasswordReset { get { return enablePasswordReset; } } // Indicates whether a password answer must be supplied when calling the provider's GetPassword and ResetPassword methods. // This property is read-only. public override bool RequiresQuestionAndAnswer { get { return requiresQuestionAndAnswer; } } public override int MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts { get { return maxInvalidPasswordAttempts; } } // For a description, see MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts. // This property is read-only. public override int PasswordAttemptWindow { get { return passwordAttemptWindow; } } // Indicates whether each registered user must have a unique e-mail address. // This property is read-only. public override bool RequiresUniqueEmail { get { return requiresUniqueEmail; } } public override MembershipPasswordFormat PasswordFormat { get { return passwordFormat; } } // The minimum number of characters required in a password. // This property is read-only. public override int MinRequiredPasswordLength { get { return minRequiredPasswordLength; } } // The minimum number of non-alphanumeric characters required in a password. // This property is read-only. public override int MinRequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters { get { return minRequiredNonAlphanumericCharacters; } } // A regular expression specifying a pattern to which passwords must conform. // This property is read-only. public override string PasswordStrengthRegularExpression { get { return passwordStrengthRegularExpression; } } #endregion #region - Methods - public override void Initialize(string name, NameValueCollection config) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool ChangePassword(string username, string oldPassword, string newPassword) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool ChangePasswordQuestionAndAnswer(string username, string password, string newPasswordQuestion, string newPasswordAnswer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name, password, e-mail address, and other information and adds a new user // to the membership data source. CreateUser returns a MembershipUser object representing the newly // created user. It also accepts an out parameter (in Visual Basic, ByRef) that returns a // MembershipCreateStatus value indicating whether the user was successfully created or, if the user // was not created, the reason why. If the user was not created, CreateUser returns null. // Before creating a new user, CreateUser calls the provider's virtual OnValidatingPassword method to // validate the supplied password. It then creates the user or cancels the action based on the outcome of the call. public override MembershipUser CreateUser(string username, string password, string email, string passwordQuestion, string passwordAnswer, bool isApproved, object providerUserKey, out MembershipCreateStatus status) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override bool DeleteUser(string username, bool deleteAllRelatedData) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByEmail(string emailToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Returns a MembershipUserCollection containing MembershipUser objects representing users whose user names // match the usernameToMatch input parameter. Wildcard syntax is data source-dependent. MembershipUser objects // in the MembershipUserCollection are sorted by user name. If FindUsersByName finds no matching users, it // returns an empty MembershipUserCollection. // For an explanation of the pageIndex, pageSize, and totalRecords parameters, see the GetAllUsers method. public override MembershipUserCollection FindUsersByName(string usernameToMatch, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Returns a MembershipUserCollection containing MembershipUser objects representing all registered users. If // there are no registered users, GetAllUsers returns an empty MembershipUserCollection // The results returned by GetAllUsers are constrained by the pageIndex and pageSize input parameters. pageSize // specifies the maximum number of MembershipUser objects to return. pageIndex identifies which page of results // to return. Page indexes are 0-based. // // GetAllUsers also takes an out parameter (in Visual Basic, ByRef) named totalRecords that, on return, holds // a count of all registered users. public override MembershipUserCollection GetAllUsers(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalRecords) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Returns a count of users that are currently online-that is, whose LastActivityDate is greater than the current // date and time minus the value of the membership service's UserIsOnlineTimeWindow property, which can be read // from Membership.UserIsOnlineTimeWindow. UserIsOnlineTimeWindow specifies a time in minutes and is set using // the <membership> element's userIsOnlineTimeWindow attribute. public override int GetNumberOfUsersOnline() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name and a password answer and returns that user's password. If the user name is not // valid, GetPassword throws a ProviderException. // Before retrieving a password, GetPassword verifies that EnablePasswordRetrieval is true. If // EnablePasswordRetrieval is false, GetPassword throws a NotSupportedException. If EnablePasswordRetrieval is // true but the password format is hashed, GetPassword throws a ProviderException since hashed passwords cannot, // by definition, be retrieved. A membership provider should also throw a ProviderException from Initialize if // EnablePasswordRetrieval is true but the password format is hashed. // // GetPassword also checks the value of the RequiresQuestionAndAnswer property before retrieving a password. If // RequiresQuestionAndAnswer is true, GetPassword compares the supplied password answer to the stored password // answer and throws a MembershipPasswordException if the two don't match. GetPassword also throws a // MembershipPasswordException if the user whose password is being retrieved is currently locked out. public override string GetPassword(string username, string answer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name or user ID (the method is overloaded) and a Boolean value indicating whether // to update the user's LastActivityDate to show that the user is currently online. GetUser returns a MembershipUser // object representing the specified user. If the user name or user ID is invalid (that is, if it doesn't represent // a registered user) GetUser returns null (Nothing in Visual Basic). public override MembershipUser GetUser(object providerUserKey, bool userIsOnline) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name or user ID (the method is overloaded) and a Boolean value indicating whether to // update the user's LastActivityDate to show that the user is currently online. GetUser returns a MembershipUser // object representing the specified user. If the user name or user ID is invalid (that is, if it doesn't represent // a registered user) GetUser returns null (Nothing in Visual Basic). public override MembershipUser GetUser(string username, bool userIsOnline) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, an e-mail address and returns the first registered user name whose e-mail address matches the // one supplied. // If it doesn't find a user with a matching e-mail address, GetUserNameByEmail returns an empty string. public override string GetUserNameByEmail(string email) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Virtual method called when a password is created. The default implementation in MembershipProvider fires a // ValidatingPassword event, so be sure to call the base class's OnValidatingPassword method if you override // this method. The ValidatingPassword event allows applications to apply additional tests to passwords by // registering event handlers. // A custom provider's CreateUser, ChangePassword, and ResetPassword methods (in short, all methods that record // new passwords) should call this method. protected override void OnValidatingPassword(ValidatePasswordEventArgs e) { base.OnValidatingPassword(e); } // Takes, as input, a user name and a password answer and replaces the user's current password with a new, random // password. ResetPassword then returns the new password. A convenient mechanism for generating a random password // is the Membership.GeneratePassword method. // If the user name is not valid, ResetPassword throws a ProviderException. ResetPassword also checks the value of // the RequiresQuestionAndAnswer property before resetting a password. If RequiresQuestionAndAnswer is true, // ResetPassword compares the supplied password answer to the stored password answer and throws a // MembershipPasswordException if the two don't match. // // Before resetting a password, ResetPassword verifies that EnablePasswordReset is true. If EnablePasswordReset is // false, ResetPassword throws a NotSupportedException. If the user whose password is being changed is currently // locked out, ResetPassword throws a MembershipPasswordException. // // Before resetting a password, ResetPassword calls the provider's virtual OnValidatingPassword method to validate // the new password. It then resets the password or cancels the action based on the outcome of the call. If the new // password is invalid, ResetPassword throws a ProviderException. // // Following a successful password reset, ResetPassword updates the user's LastPasswordChangedDate. public override string ResetPassword(string username, string answer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Unlocks (that is, restores login privileges for) the specified user. UnlockUser returns true if the user is // successfully unlocked. Otherwise, it returns false. If the user is already unlocked, UnlockUser simply returns true. public override bool UnlockUser(string userName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a MembershipUser object representing a registered user and updates the information stored for // that user in the membership data source. If any of the input submitted in the MembershipUser object is not valid, // UpdateUser throws a ProviderException. // Note that UpdateUser is not obligated to allow all the data that can be encapsulated in a MembershipUser object to // be updated in the data source. public override void UpdateUser(MembershipUser user) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name and a password and verifies that they are valid-that is, that the membership data // source contains a matching user name and password. ValidateUser returns true if the user name and password are // valid, if the user is approved (that is, if MembershipUser.IsApproved is true), and if the user isn't currently // locked out. Otherwise, it returns false. // Following a successful validation, ValidateUser updates the user's LastLoginDate and fires an // AuditMembershipAuthenticationSuccess Web event. Following a failed validation, it fires an // // AuditMembershipAuthenticationFailure Web event. public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password) { throw new NotImplementedException(); //if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(password.Trim())) return false; //string hash = EncryptPassword(password); //User user = _repository.GetByUserName(username); //if (user == null) return false; //if (user.Password == hash) //{ // User = user; // return true; //} //return false; } #endregion /// <summary> /// Procuses an MD5 hash string of the password /// </summary> /// <param name="password">password to hash</param> /// <returns>MD5 Hash string</returns> protected string EncryptPassword(string password) { //we use codepage 1252 because that is what sql server uses byte[] pwdBytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(1252).GetBytes(password); byte[] hashBytes = System.Security.Cryptography.MD5.Create().ComputeHash(pwdBytes); return Encoding.GetEncoding(1252).GetString(hashBytes); } } // End Class } SARoleProvider.cs namespace User.Membership { public class SARoleProvider : RoleProvider { #region - Properties - // The name of the application using the role provider. ApplicationName is used to scope // role data so that applications can choose whether to share role data with other applications. // This property can be read and written. public override string ApplicationName { get; set; } #endregion #region - Methods - public override void Initialize(string name, NameValueCollection config) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a list of user names and a list of role names and adds the specified users to // the specified roles. // AddUsersToRoles throws a ProviderException if any of the user names or role names do not exist. // If any user name or role name is null (Nothing in Visual Basic), AddUsersToRoles throws an // ArgumentNullException. If any user name or role name is an empty string, AddUsersToRoles throws // an ArgumentException. public override void AddUsersToRoles(string[] usernames, string[] roleNames) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a role name and creates the specified role. // CreateRole throws a ProviderException if the role already exists, the role name contains a comma, // or the role name exceeds the maximum length allowed by the data source. public override void CreateRole(string roleName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a role name and a Boolean value that indicates whether to throw an exception if there // are users currently associated with the role, and then deletes the specified role. // If the throwOnPopulatedRole input parameter is true and the specified role has one or more members, // DeleteRole throws a ProviderException and does not delete the role. If throwOnPopulatedRole is false, // DeleteRole deletes the role whether it is empty or not. // // When DeleteRole deletes a role and there are users assigned to that role, it also removes users from the role. public override bool DeleteRole(string roleName, bool throwOnPopulatedRole) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a search pattern and a role name and returns a list of users belonging to the specified role // whose user names match the pattern. Wildcard syntax is data-source-dependent and may vary from provider to // provider. User names are returned in alphabetical order. // If the search finds no matches, FindUsersInRole returns an empty string array (a string array with no elements). // If the role does not exist, FindUsersInRole throws a ProviderException. public override string[] FindUsersInRole(string roleName, string usernameToMatch) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Returns the names of all existing roles. If no roles exist, GetAllRoles returns an empty string array (a string // array with no elements). public override string[] GetAllRoles() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a user name and returns the names of the roles to which the user belongs. // If the user is not assigned to any roles, GetRolesForUser returns an empty string array // (a string array with no elements). If the user name does not exist, GetRolesForUser throws a // ProviderException. public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username) { throw new NotImplementedException(); //User user = _repository.GetByUserName(username); //string[] roles = new string[user.Role.Rights.Count + 1]; //roles[0] = user.Role.Description; //int idx = 0; //foreach (Right right in user.Role.Rights) // roles[++idx] = right.Description; //return roles; } public override string[] GetUsersInRole(string roleName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a role name and returns the names of all users assigned to that role. // If no users are associated with the specified role, GetUserInRole returns an empty string array (a string array with // no elements). If the role does not exist, GetUsersInRole throws a ProviderException. public override bool IsUserInRole(string username, string roleName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); //User user = _repository.GetByUserName(username); //if (user != null) // return user.IsInRole(roleName); //else // return false; } // Takes, as input, a list of user names and a list of role names and removes the specified users from the specified roles. // RemoveUsersFromRoles throws a ProviderException if any of the users or roles do not exist, or if any user specified // in the call does not belong to the role from which he or she is being removed. public override void RemoveUsersFromRoles(string[] usernames, string[] roleNames) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } // Takes, as input, a role name and determines whether the role exists. public override bool RoleExists(string roleName) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } #endregion } // End Class } From Web.config: <membership defaultProvider="SAMembershipProvider" userIsOnlineTimeWindow="15"> <providers> <clear/> <add name="SAMembershipProvider" type="User.Membership.SAMembershipProvider, User" /> </providers> </membership> <roleManager defaultProvider="SARoleProvider" enabled="true" cacheRolesInCookie="true"> <providers> <clear/> <add name="SARoleProvider" type="User.Membership.SARoleProvider" /> </providers> </roleManager> When running project, I get following error: Server Error in '/' Application. Configuration Error Description: An error occurred during the processing of a configuration file required to service this request. Please review the specific error details below and modify your configuration file appropriately. Parser Error Message: The method or operation is not implemented. Source Error: Line 71: <providers> Line 72: <clear/> Line 73: <add name="SARoleProvider" type="User.Membership.SARoleProvider" /> Line 74: </providers> Line 75: </roleManager> I tried: <add name="SARoleProvider" type="User.Membership.SARoleProvider, User" /> and <add name="SARoleProvider" type="User.Membership.SARoleProvider, SARoleProvider" /> and <add name="SARoleProvider" type="User.Membership.SARoleProvider, User.Membership" /> but none works Any idea what's wrong here? Thanks, Ile

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  • Postfix log.... spam attempt?

    - by luri
    I have some weird entries in my mail.log. What I'd like to ask is if postfix is avoiding correctly (according with the main.cf attached below) what seems to be relay attempts, presumably for spamming, or if I can enhance it's security somehow. Feb 2 11:53:25 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9094]: connect from catv-80-99-46-143.catv.broadband.hu[80.99.46.143] Feb 2 11:53:25 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9094]: warning: non-SMTP command from catv-80-99-46-143.catv.broadband.hu[80.99.46.143]: GET / HTTP/1.1 Feb 2 11:53:25 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9094]: disconnect from catv-80-99-46-143.catv.broadband.hu[80.99.46.143] Feb 2 11:56:45 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9097]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:80.99.46.143) at Feb 2 11:53:25 Feb 2 11:56:45 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9097]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:80.99.46.143) at Feb 2 11:53:25 Feb 2 11:56:45 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9097]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 2 11:53:25 Feb 2 12:09:19 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9302]: connect from vs148181.vserver.de[62.75.148.181] Feb 2 12:09:19 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9302]: warning: non-SMTP command from vs148181.vserver.de[62.75.148.181]: GET / HTTP/1.1 Feb 2 12:09:19 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[9302]: disconnect from vs148181.vserver.de[62.75.148.181] Feb 2 12:12:39 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9304]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:62.75.148.181) at Feb 2 12:09:19 Feb 2 12:12:39 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9304]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:62.75.148.181) at Feb 2 12:09:19 Feb 2 12:12:39 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[9304]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 2 12:09:19 Feb 2 14:17:02 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[10847]: connect from unknown[202.46.129.123] Feb 2 14:17:02 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[10847]: warning: non-SMTP command from unknown[202.46.129.123]: GET / HTTP/1.1 Feb 2 14:17:02 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[10847]: disconnect from unknown[202.46.129.123] Feb 2 14:20:22 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[10853]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:202.46.129.123) at Feb 2 14:17:02 Feb 2 14:20:22 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[10853]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:202.46.129.123) at Feb 2 14:17:02 Feb 2 14:20:22 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[10853]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 2 14:17:02 Feb 2 20:57:33 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[18452]: warning: 95.110.224.230: hostname host230-224-110-95.serverdedicati.aruba.it verification failed: Name or service not known Feb 2 20:57:33 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[18452]: connect from unknown[95.110.224.230] Feb 2 20:57:33 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[18452]: lost connection after CONNECT from unknown[95.110.224.230] Feb 2 20:57:33 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[18452]: disconnect from unknown[95.110.224.230] Feb 2 21:00:53 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[18455]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:95.110.224.230) at Feb 2 20:57:33 Feb 2 21:00:53 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[18455]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:95.110.224.230) at Feb 2 20:57:33 Feb 2 21:00:53 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[18455]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 2 20:57:33 Feb 2 21:13:44 MYSERVER pop3d: Connection, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:13:44 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=admin, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:13:50 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=test, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:13:56 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=danny, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:01 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=sharon, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:07 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=aron, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:12 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=alex, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:18 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=brett, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:24 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=mike, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:29 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=alan, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:35 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=info, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 2 21:14:41 MYSERVER pop3d: LOGIN FAILED, user=shop, ip=[::ffff:219.94.190.222] Feb 3 06:49:29 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[25834]: warning: 71.6.142.196: hostname db4142196.aspadmin.net verification failed: Name or service not known Feb 3 06:49:29 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[25834]: connect from unknown[71.6.142.196] Feb 3 06:49:29 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[25834]: lost connection after CONNECT from unknown[71.6.142.196] Feb 3 06:49:29 MYSERVER postfix/smtpd[25834]: disconnect from unknown[71.6.142.196] Feb 3 06:52:49 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[25837]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:71.6.142.196) at Feb 3 06:49:29 Feb 3 06:52:49 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[25837]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:71.6.142.196) at Feb 3 06:49:29 Feb 3 06:52:49 MYSERVER postfix/anvil[25837]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 3 06:49:29 I have Postfix 2.7.1-1 running on Ubuntu 10.10. This is my (modified por privacy) main.cf: smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key myhostname = mymailserver.org alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = mymailserver.org, MYSERVER, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all home_mailbox = Maildir/ smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination mailbox_command = smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom smtp_tls_security_level = may

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  • July, the 31 Days of SQL Server DMO’s – Day 19 (sys.dm_exec_query_stats)

    - by Tamarick Hill
    The sys.dm_exec_query_stats DMV is one of the most useful DMV’s out there when it comes to performance tuning. If you have been keeping up with this blog series this month, you know that I started out on Day 1 reviewing many of the DMV’s within the ‘exec’ namespace. I’m not sure how I missed this one considering how valuable it is, but hey, they say it’s better late than never right?? On Day 7 and Day 8 we reviewed the sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats and sys.dm_exec_trigger_stats respectively. This sys.dm_exec_query_stats DMV is very similar to these two. As a matter of fact, this DMV will return all of the information you saw in the other two DMV’s, but in addition to that, you can see stats for all queries that have cached execution plans on your server. You can even see stats for statements that are ran Ad-Hoc as long as they are still cached in the buffer pool. To better illustrate this DMV, let have a quick look at it: SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats As you can see, there is a lot of information returned from this DMV. I wont go into detail about each and every one of these columns, but I will touch on a few of them briefly. The first column is the ‘sql_handle’, which if you remember from Day 4 of our blog series, I explained how you can use this column to extract the actual SQL text that was executed. The next columns statement_start_offset and statement_end_offset provide you a way of extracting the exact SQL statement that was executed as part of a batch. The plan_handle column is used to extract the Execution plan that was used, which we talked about during Day 5 of this blog series. Later in the result set, you have columns to identify how many times a particular statement was executed, how much CPU time it used, how many reads/writes it performed, the duration, how many rows were returned, etc. These columns provide you with a solid avenue to begin your performance optimization. The last column I will touch on is the query_plan_hash column. A lot of times when you have Dynamic SQL running on your server, you have similar statements with different parameter values being passed in. Many times these types of statements will get similar execution plans and then a Binary hash value can be generated based on these similar plans. This query plan hash can be used to find the cost of all queries that have similar execution plans and then you can tune based on that plan to improve the performance of all of the individual queries. This is a very powerful way of identifying and tuning Ad-hoc statements that run on your server. As I stated earlier, this sys.dm_exec_query_stats DMV is a very powerful and recommended DMV for performance tuning. You are able to quickly identify statements that are running on your server and analyze their impact on system resources. Using this DMV to track down the biggest performance killers on your server will allow you to make the biggest gains once you focus your tuning efforts on those top offenders. For more information about this DMV, please see the below Books Online link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189741.aspx Follow me on Twitter @PrimeTimeDBA

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  • Blueprints for Oracle NoSQL Database

    - by dan.mcclary
    I think that some of the most interesting analytic problems are graph problems.  I'm always interested in new ways to store and access graphs.  As such, I really like the work being done by Tinkerpop to create Open Source Software to make property graphs more accessible over a wide variety of datastores.  Since key-value stores like Oracle NoSQL Database are well-suited to storing property graphs, I decided to extend the Blueprints API to work with it.  Below I'll discuss some of the implementation details, but you can check out the finished product here: http://github.com/dwmclary/blueprints-oracle-nosqldb.  What's in a Property Graph?  In the most general sense, a graph is just a collection of vertices and edges.  Vertices and edges can have properties: weights, names, or any number of other traits.  In an undirected graph, edges connect vertices without direction.  A directed graph specifies that all edges have a head and a tail --- a direction.  A multi-graph allows multiple edges to connect two vertices.  A "property graph" encompasses all of these traits. Key-Value Stores for Property Graphs Key-Value stores like Oracle NoSQL Database tend to be ideal for implementing property graphs.  First, if any vertex or edge can have any number of traits, we can treat it as a hash map.  For example: Vertex["name"] = "Mary" Vertex["age"] = 28 Vertex["ID"] = 12345  and so on.  This is a natural key-value relationship: the key "name" maps to the value "Mary."  Moreover if we maintain two hash maps, one for vertex objects and one for edge objects, we've essentially captured the graph.  As such, any scalable key-value store is fertile ground for planting graphs. Oracle NoSQL Database as a Scalable Graph Database While Oracle NoSQL Database offers useful features like tunable consistency, what lends it to storing property graphs is the storage guarantees around its key structure.  Keys in Oracle NoSQL Database are divided into two parts: a major key and a minor key.  The storage guarantee is simple.  Major keys will be distributed across storage nodes, which could encompass a large number of servers.  However, all minor keys which are children of a given major key are guaranteed to be stored on the same storage node.  For example, the vertices: /Personnel/Vertex/1  and /Personnel/Vertex/2 May be stored on different servers, but /Personnel/Vertex/1-/name and  /Personnel/Vertex/1-/age will always be on the same server.  This means that we can structure our graph database such that retrieving all the properties for a vertex or edge requires I/O from only a single storage node.  Moreover, Oracle NoSQL Database provides a storeIterator which allows us to store a huge number of vertices and edges in a scalable fashion.  By storing the vertices and edges as major keys, we guarantee that they are distributed evenly across all storage nodes.  At the same time we can use a partial major key to iterate over all the vertices or edges (e.g. we search over /Personnel/Vertex to iterate over all vertices). Fork It! The Blueprints API and Oracle NoSQL Database present a great way to get started using a scalable key-value database to store and access graph data.  However, a graph store isn't useful without a good graph to work on.  I encourage you to fork or pull the repository, store some data, and try using Gremlin or any other language to explore.

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  • How views are changing in future versions of SQL

    - by Rob Farley
    April is here, and this weekend, SQL v11.0 (previous known as Denali, now known as SQL Server 2012) reaches general availability. And so I thought I’d share some news about what’s coming next. I didn’t hear this at the MVP Summit earlier this year (where there was lots of NDA information given, but I didn’t go), so I think I’m free to share it. I’ve written before about CTEs being query-scoped views. Well, the actual story goes a bit further, and will continue to develop in future versions. A CTE is a like a “temporary temporary view”, scoped to a single query. Due to globally-scoped temporary objects using a two-hashes naming style, and session-scoped (or ‘local’) temporary objects a one-hash naming style, this query-scoped temporary object uses a cunning zero-hash naming style. We see this implied in Books Online in the CREATE TABLE page, but as we know, temporary views are not yet supported in the SQL Server. However, in a breakaway from ANSI-SQL, Microsoft is moving towards consistency with their naming. We know that a CTE is a “common table expression” – this is proving to be a more strategic than you may have appreciated. Within the Microsoft product group, the term “Table Expression” is far more widely used than just CTEs. Anything that can be used in a FROM clause is referred to as a Table Expression, so long as it doesn’t actually store data (which would make it a Table, rather than a Table Expression). You can see this is not just restricted to the product group by doing an internet search for how the term is used without ‘common’. In the past, Books Online has referred to a view as a “virtual table” (but notice that there is no SQL 2012 version of this page). However, it was generally decided that “virtual table” was a poor name because it wasn’t completely accurate, and it’s typically accepted that virtualisation and SQL is frowned upon. That page I linked to says “or stored query”, which is slightly better, but when the SQL 2012 version of that page is actually published, the line will be changed to read: “A view is a stored table expression (STE)”. This change will be the first of many. During the SQL 2012 R2 release, the keyword VIEW will become deprecated (this will be SQL v11 SP1.5). Three versions later, in SQL 14.5, you will need to be in compatibility mode 140 to allow “CREATE VIEW” to work. Also consistent with Microsoft’s deprecation policy, the execution of any query that refers to an object created as a view (rather than the new “CREATE STE”), will cause a Deprecation Event to fire. This will all be in preparation for the introduction of Single-Column Table Expressions (to be introduced in SQL 17.3 SP6) which will finally shut up those people waiting for a decent implementation of Inline Scalar Functions. And of course, CTEs are “Common” because the Table Expression definition needs to be repeated over and over throughout a stored procedure. ...or so I think I heard at some point. Oh, and congratulations to all the new MVPs on this April 1st. @rob_farley

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  • Hijax == sneaky Javascript redirects? Will I get banned from Google?

    - by Chris Jacob
    Question Will I get penalised as "sneaky Javascript redirects" by Google if I have the following Hijax setup (which requires a JavaScript redirect on the page indexed by google). Goal I want to implement Hijax to enable AJAX content to be accessibile to non-JavaScript users and search engine crawlers. Background I'm working on a static file server (GitHub Pages). No server side tricks allowed (so Google's #! "hash bang" solution is not an option). I'm trying to keep my files DRY. I don't want to repeat the common OUTER template in all my files i.e. header, navigation menu, footer, etc They will live in the main index.html Setup the Hijax index.html page contains all OUTER html/css/js... the site's template. index.html has a <div id="content"> which defaults to containing the "homepage" html. index.html has a navigation menu, with a Hijax link to an "about" page. With JavaScript disabled (e.g. crawler) it follows link to /about.html. With JavaScript enabled (e.g. most people) the link updates the url hash fragment to /#about and jQuery replaces the <div id="content"> innerHTML with $("#content").load("about.html #inner-container");. AJAX content about.html does not contain anything extra to try an cloak content for crawlers. about.html file contains enough HTML / CSS / JavaScript to display /about.html as a standalone page with it's own META data... e.g. <html><head><title>About</title>...</head><body></body></html>. about.html has NO OUTER HTML template (i.e. header, navigation menu, footer, etc). about.html <body> contains a <div id="inner-container"> which holds the content that is injected into index.html. about.html has a <noscript> tag as the first child of <body> which explains to non-JavaScript users that they are viewing the about page "inner content" - with a link to navigate to the index.html page to get the full page layout with menu. The (Sneaky?) Redirect Google indexes the /about.html page. However when a person with JavaScript enabled visits that page there is no OUTER html template (e.g. header, navigation menu, footer, etc). So I need to do a JavaScript redirect to get the person over the /#about page (deeplinking to the "about" page "state" in index.html). I'm thinking of doing a "redirect on click or after 10 seconds". The end results is that user ends up on an "enhanced" page back on index.html with all it's OUTER template - but the core "page" content is practically identical. Known issue with inbound links e.g. Share / Bookmarking It seems that if a user shares the URL /#about on their blog, when allocating inbound links to my site Google ignores everything after the # ... it allocates value to the / page - See: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5028405/hashbang-vs-hijax/5166665#5166665. I can only try an minimise this issue offering "share" buttons on the page with the appropriate urls i.e. /about.html. Duplicate Sorry. I posted this same question over on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5561686/hijax-sneaky-javascript-redirects-will-i-get-banned-from-google ... then realised it probably belongs more on this Stack Exchange site... Not sure if I should delete the Stack Overflow question? Or just leave it on both sites? Please leave comment.

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  • Using 3rd Party JavaScript Plugins Hardwired With &lsquo;document.write&rsquo;

    - by ToStringTheory
    Introduction Have you ever had the need to implement a 3rd party JavaScript plugin, but your needs didn’t fit the model and usage defined by the API or documentation of the plugin?  Recently I ran into this issue when I was trying to implement a web snapshot plugin into our site.  To use their plugin, you had to include a script tag to the plugin on their server with an API key.  The second part of the usage was to include a <script> tag around a function call wherever you wanted a snapshot to appear. The Problem When trying to use the service, the images did not display.  I checked a couple of things and didn’t find anything wrong at first..  It wasn’t until I looked at the function that was called by the inline script did I find the issue – a call to the webservice, followed by a call to ‘document.write’ in its callback.  The solution in which I was trying to implement the plugin happened to be in response to an AJAX call after the document had completely loaded.  After the page has loaded, document.write does nothing. My first thought for a solution was to just cache the script from the service, and edit it do something like a return function or callback that I could use to edit the document from.  However, I quickly discovered that there is no way to cache the script from the service, as it had a hash in the function where it would call the server.  The hash was updated every few seconds/minutes, expiring old hashes.  This meant that I wouldn’t be able to edit the script and upload a new version to my server, as the script would not work after a few minutes from originally getting the script from the service. Solution The solution eluded me until I realized that this was JavaScript I was dealing with.  A language designed so that you could do just about anything to any library, function, or object…  At this point, the solution was simple – take control of the document.write function.  Using a buffer variable, and a simple function call, it is eerily simple to perform: //what would have been output to the document var buffer = ""; //store a reference to the real document.write var dw = document.write; //redefine document.write to store to our buffer document.write = function (str) {buffer += str;} //execute the function containing calls to document.write eval('{function encapsulated in <script></script> tags}'); //restore the original document.write function (just in case) document.write = dw; That’s it.  Instead of using the script tags where I wanted to include a snapshot, I called a function passing in the URL to the page I wanted a snapshot of.  After that last line of code, what would have been output to the document (or not in the case of the ajax call) was instead stored in buffer. Conclusion While the solution itself is simple, coming from a background much more footed in the .Net platform, I believe that this is a prime example of always keeping the language that you are working in in mind.  While this may seem obvious at first, as I KNEW I was in JavaScript, I never thought of taking control of the document.write function because I am more accustomed to the .Net world.  I can’t simply replace the functionality of Console.WriteLine.

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  • Managing a file-based public maven repository

    - by Roland Ewald
    I am looking for an easy way to manage a public file-based Maven repository. While we are using the open-source version of Artifactory internally, we now want to put a file-based repository of our published artifacts (and their dependencies) on a separate machine that is publicly available. There are several ways how to do this, but none of them seems ideal: Use Maven Dependency plugin: if it is configured correctly and executed with the goal dependency:copy-dependencies for the release-module of our project, it creates a local repository structure that is fine, but this structure does not contain the meta-data.xml files, nor the hash-sums. Use Artifactory to export repo: AFAIK Artifactory only allows to export a repository as a whole. This would include the non-published modules from our project (which would then need to be deleted manually). Also, all dependencies are sitting in another repository, so this needs to be done twice, and many dependencies are not even required by a published artifact (only by artifacts that are still for internal use only). Nevertheless, this method would also include the meta-data.xml files and the hash-sums for all files. To set up an initial version of the repository, I used a mixture of both methods: I first created the Maven repository for all required dependencies via dependency:copy-dependencies and then wrote a script to cherry-pick the meta-data.xml files (etc.) from Artifactory. This is terribly cumbersome, isn't there a better way to solve this? Maybe there is another Maven 3 - plugin that I am unaware of, or some other command-line tool that does the job? I basically just need a simple way to create a Maven repository that contains all artifacts a given artifact depends on (and no more), and also contains all meta-data expected in a remote repository. Any ideas?

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  • OS X, Mercurial and MediaTemple problem

    - by bschaeffer
    I've installed Mercurial per MT's knowledge base file here. Working with it server side using ssh from my Mac works fine. I can initialize repositories and the like, but pulling from the server or pushing from my Mac produces an error I don't understand. Here's what I get when call hg push from my local installation (hash marks represent my server number): remote: Traceback (most recent call last): remote: File "/home/#####/users/.home/data/mercurial-1.5/hg", line 27, in ? remote: mercurial.dispatch.run() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 16, in run remote: sys.exit(dispatch(sys.argv[1:])) remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 21, in dispatch remote: u = _ui.ui() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/ui.py", line 38, in __init__ remote: for f in util.rcpath(): remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/util.py", line 1200, in rcpath remote: _rcpath = os_rcpath() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/util.py", line 1174, in os_rcpath remote: path = system_rcpath() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/posix.py", line 41, in system_rcpath remote: path.extend(rcfiles(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]) + remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/posix.py", line 30, in rcfiles remote: rcs.extend([os.path.join(rcdir, f) remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/demandimport.py", line 75, in __getattribute__ remote: self._load() remote: File "/nfs/c05/h01/mnt/#####/data/mercurial-1.5/mercurial/demandimport.py", line 47, in _load remote: mod = _origimport(head, globals, locals) remote: ImportError: No module named osutil abort: no suitable response from remote hg! Mercurial on my Mac is configured as follows [ui] username = John Smith editor = te -w remotecmd = ~/data/mercurial-1.5/hg My local single repo is configured as follows (hash marks represent my server number): [paths] default = ssh://mysite.com@s#####.gridserver.com/domains/mysite.com/html Mercurial on the server is configured with a just a username: [ui] username = John Smith The server .bash_profile is configured as follows (per the installation guide): # Aliases alias ls-a='ls -a -l' # Added this as suggested by the MediaTemple guide export PYTHONPATH=${HOME}/lib/python:$PYTHONPATH export PATH=${HOME}/bin:$PATH I understand this probably isn't a MediaTemple problem, but more likely an installation problem. I would really appreciate any assitance on this problem. Thanks in advance!

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  • c# How to Verify Signature, Loading PUBLIC KEY From PEM file?

    - by bbirtle
    I'm posting this in the hope it saves somebody else the hours I lost on this really stupid problem involving converting formats of public keys. If anybody sees a simpler solution or a problem, please let me know! The eCommerce system I'm using sends me some data along with a signature. They also give me their public key in .pem format. The .pem file looks like this: -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDe+hkicNP7ROHUssGNtHwiT2Ew HFrSk/qwrcq8v5metRtTTFPE/nmzSkRnTs3GMpi57rBdxBBJW5W9cpNyGUh0jNXc VrOSClpD5Ri2hER/GcNrxVRP7RlWOqB1C03q4QYmwjHZ+zlM4OUhCCAtSWflB4wC Ka1g88CjFwRw/PB9kwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- Here's the magic code to turn the above into an "RSACryptoServiceProvider" which is capable of verifying the signature. Uses the BouncyCastle library, since .NET apparently (and appallingly cannot do it without some major headaches involving certificate files): RSACryptoServiceProvider thingee; using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:\pemfile.pem")) { var x = new PemReader(reader); var y = (RsaKeyParameters)x.ReadObject(); thingee = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)RSACryptoServiceProvider.Create(); var pa = new RSAParameters(); pa.Modulus = y.Modulus.ToByteArray(); pa.Exponent = y.Exponent.ToByteArray(); thingee.ImportParameters(pa); } And then the code to actually verify the signature: var signature = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var data = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] hash = sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data)); byte[] bSignature = Convert.FromBase64String(signature); ///Verify signature, FINALLY: var hasValidSig = thingee.VerifyHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("SHA1"), bSignature);

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  • How to prevent duplicate records being inserted with SqlBulkCopy when there is no primary key

    - by kscott
    I receive a daily XML file that contains thousands of records, each being a business transaction that I need to store in an internal database for use in reporting and billing. I was under the impression that each day's file contained only unique records, but have discovered that my definition of unique is not exactly the same as the provider's. The current application that imports this data is a C#.Net 3.5 console application, it does so using SqlBulkCopy into a MS SQL Server 2008 database table where the columns exactly match the structure of the XML records. Each record has just over 100 fields, and there is no natural key in the data, or rather the fields I can come up with making sense as a composite key end up also having to allow nulls. Currently the table has several indexes, but no primary key. Basically the entire row needs to be unique. If one field is different, it is valid enough to be inserted. I looked at creating an MD5 hash of the entire row, inserting that into the database and using a constraint to prevent SqlBulkCopy from inserting the row,but I don't see how to get the MD5 Hash into the BulkCopy operation and I'm not sure if the whole operation would fail and roll back if any one record failed, or if it would continue. The file contains a very large number of records, going row by row in the XML, querying the database for a record that matches all fields, and then deciding to insert is really the only way I can see being able to do this. I was just hoping not to have to rewrite the application entirely, and the bulk copy operation is so much faster. Does anyone know of a way to use SqlBulkCopy while preventing duplicate rows, without a primary key? Or any suggestion for a different way to do this?

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  • jquery tab switching links so they jump to top of page?

    - by Evan
    I was given some great help by redsquare to get this far to change jquery tabs from links within the content, but I have one more issue that I'm looking for support on... When a user clicks a link to switch to a different tab from within the content, can i get the page to jump to the top of the page? Within my demo link, scroll to the bottom of the page to click the links and they switch tabs just perfectly, which you can confirm if you scroll up. So, I'm looking for the switch to also jump the user to the top of the page, so the user doesn't have to "scroll" to the top of the page to begin reading new content. Here's my demo: http://jsbin.com/etoku3/11 Existing code: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var $tabs = $("#container-1").tabs(); var changeTab = function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); var tabIndex = this.hash.charAt(this.hash.length-1) -1; $tabs.tabs('select', tabIndex); }; $('a.tablink').click(changeTab); }); </script> Thank you so much! Evan

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  • rfacebook and facebook image uploading api

    - by msarvar
    I'm using rfacebook gem to interact with facebook connect. And I'm having a problem with uploading images. As facebook api says, the data should be transferred in a hash like json object. So I'm making an hash publish_values = { :uid => @post.profile.channel_uid, :message => @post.content, :auto_publish => true, } unless @post.message.skip_link_info publish_values[:attachment] = {} publish_values[:attachment][:name] = @post.message.link_title unless @post.message.link_title.blank? publish_values[:attachment][:caption] = @post.message.link_title unless @post.message.link_title.blank? publish_values[:attachment][:description] = @post.message.link_description unless @post.message.link_description.blank? unless @post.message.no_thumbnail || @post.message.link_image_url.blank? publish_values[:attachment][:media] = [{ :type => 'image', :src => @post.message.link_image_url, :href => @post.short_uri }] end end But It's not uploading any image to the facebook, the xml respons says "properties must be a dictionary". So I'm stuck in here for a couple days It doesn't make any sene

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  • Hidden features of Perl?

    - by Adam Bellaire
    What are some really useful but esoteric language features in Perl that you've actually been able to employ to do useful work? Guidelines: Try to limit answers to the Perl core and not CPAN Please give an example and a short description Hidden Features also found in other languages' Hidden Features: (These are all from Corion's answer) C# Duff's Device Portability and Standardness Quotes for whitespace delimited lists and strings Aliasable namespaces Java Static Initalizers JavaScript Functions are First Class citizens Block scope and closure Calling methods and accessors indirectly through a variable Ruby Defining methods through code PHP Pervasive online documentation Magic methods Symbolic references Python One line value swapping Ability to replace even core functions with your own functionality Other Hidden Features: Operators: The bool quasi-operator The flip-flop operator Also used for list construction The ++ and unary - operators work on strings The repetition operator The spaceship operator The || operator (and // operator) to select from a set of choices The diamond operator Special cases of the m// operator The tilde-tilde "operator" Quoting constructs: The qw operator Letters can be used as quote delimiters in q{}-like constructs Quoting mechanisms Syntax and Names: There can be a space after a sigil You can give subs numeric names with symbolic references Legal trailing commas Grouped Integer Literals hash slices Populating keys of a hash from an array Modules, Pragmas, and command-line options: use strict and use warnings Taint checking Esoteric use of -n and -p CPAN overload::constant IO::Handle module Safe compartments Attributes Variables: Autovivification The $[ variable tie Dynamic Scoping Variable swapping with a single statement Loops and flow control: Magic goto for on a single variable continue clause Desperation mode Regular expressions: The \G anchor (?{}) and '(??{})` in regexes Other features: The debugger Special code blocks such as BEGIN, CHECK, and END The DATA block New Block Operations Source Filters Signal Hooks map (twice) Wrapping built-in functions The eof function The dbmopen function Turning warnings into errors Other tricks, and meta-answers: cat files, decompressing gzips if needed Perl Tips See Also: Hidden features of C Hidden features of C# Hidden features of C++ Hidden features of Java Hidden features of JavaScript Hidden features of Ruby Hidden features of PHP Hidden features of Python

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  • How do I pass a cookie to a Sinatra app using curl?

    - by Brandon Toone
    I'm using the code from the example titled "A Slightly Bigger Example" from this tutorial http://rubylearning.com/blog/2009/09/30/cookie-based-sessions-in-sinatra/ to figure out how to send a cookie to a Sinatra application but I can't figure out how to set the values correctly When I set the name to be "brandon" in the application it creates a cookie with a value of BAh7BiIJdXNlciIMYnJhbmRvbg%3D%3D%0A which is a url encoding (http://ostermiller.org/calc/encode.html) of the value BAh7BiIJdXNlciIMYnJhbmRvbg== Using that value I can send a cookie to the app correctly curl -b "rack.session=BAh7BiIJdXNlciIMYnJhbmRvbg==" localhost:9393 I'm pretty sure that value is a base64 encoding of the ruby hash for the session since the docs (http://rack.rubyforge.org/doc/classes/Rack/Session/Cookie.html) say The session is a Ruby Hash stored as base64 encoded marshalled data set to :key (default: rack.session). I thought that meant all I had to do was base64 encode {"user"=>"brandon"} and use it in the curl command. Unfortunately that creates a different value than BAh7BiIJdXNlciIMYnJhbmRvbg==. Next I tried taking the base64 encoded value and decoding it at various base64 decoders online but that results in strange characters (a box symbol and others) so I don't know how to recreate the value to even encode it. So my question is do you know what characters/format I need to get the proper base64 encoding and/or do you know of another way to pass a value using curl such that it will register as a proper cookie for a Sinatra app?

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  • SQL SERVER 2008 JOIN hints

    - by Nai
    Hi all, Recently, I was trying to optimise this query UPDATE Analytics SET UserID = x.UserID FROM Analytics z INNER JOIN UserDetail x ON x.UserGUID = z.UserGUID Estimated execution plan show 57% on the Table Update and 40% on a Hash Match (Aggregate). I did some snooping around and came across the topic of JOIN hints. So I added a LOOP hint to my inner join and WA-ZHAM! The new execution plan shows 38% on the Table Update and 58% on an Index Seek. So I was about to start applying LOOP hints to all my queries until prudence got the better of me. After some googling, I realised that JOIN hints are not very well covered in BOL. Therefore... Can someone please tell me why applying LOOP hints to all my queries is a bad idea. I read somewhere that a LOOP JOIN is default JOIN method for query optimiser but couldn't verify the validity of the statement? When are JOIN hints used? When the sh*t hits the fan and ghost busters ain't in town? What's the difference between LOOP, HASH and MERGE hints? BOL states that MERGE seems to be the slowest but what is the application of each hint? Thanks for your time and help people! I'm running SQL Server 2008 BTW. The statistics mentioned above are ESTIMATED execution plans.

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  • Objective-C NSMutableDictionary Disappearing

    - by blackmage
    I am having this problem with the NSMutableDictionary where the values are not coming up. Snippets from my code look like this: //Data into the Hash and then into an array yellowPages = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSMutableDictionary *address1=[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; [address1 setObject:@"213 Pheasant CT" forKey: @"Street"]; [address1 setObject:@"NC" forKey: @"State"]; [address1 setObject:@"Wilmington" forKey: @"City"]; [address1 setObject:@"28403" forKey: @"Zip"]; [address1 setObject:@"Residential" forKey: @"Type"]; [yellowPages addObject:address1]; NSMutableDictionary *address2=[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; [address1 setObject:@"812 Pheasant CT" forKey: @"Street"]; [address1 setObject:@"NC" forKey: @"State"]; [address1 setObject:@"Wilmington" forKey: @"City"]; [address1 setObject:@"28403" forKey: @"Zip"]; [address1 setObject:@"Residential" forKey: @"Type"]; [yellowPages addObject:address2]; //Iterate through array pulling the hash and insert into Location Object for(int i=0; i<locationCount; i++){ NSMutableDictionary *anAddress=[theAddresses getYellowPageAddressByIndex:i]; //Set Data Members Location *addressLocation=[[Location alloc] init]; addressLocation.Street=[anAddress objectForKey:@"Street"]; locations[i]=addressLocation; NSLog(addressLocation.Street); } So the problem is only the second address is printed, the 813 and I can't figure out why. Can anyone offer any help?

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  • How do you Access an Authenticated Google App Engine Service with Ruby?

    - by viatropos
    I am trying to do this same thing here but with Ruby: Access Authenticated GAE Client with Python. Any ideas how to retrieve authenticated content from GAE with Ruby? I am using the Ruby GData Gem to access everything in Google Docs and such and it's making life very easy, but now I'd like to access things on GAE that require admin access, programmatically, and it doesn't support that. Here's what I'm getting (using DocList, not sure what to use yet): c = GData::Client::DocList.new c.clientlogin(username, password, nil, nil, nil, "HOSTED") c => #<GData::Client::DocList:0x201bad8 @clientlogin_service="writely", @version="2", @auth_handler=#<GData::Auth::ClientLogin:0x200803c @account_type="HOSTED", @token="long-hash", @auth_url="https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin", @service="writely">, @source="AnonymousApp", @headers={"Authorization"=>"GoogleLogin auth=long-hash", "User-Agent"=>"GoogleDataRubyUtil-AnonymousApp", "GData-Version"=>"2", "Content-Type"=>"application/atom+xml"}, @authsub_scope="http://docs.google.com/feeds/", @http_service=GData::HTTP::DefaultService> url = "http://my-cdn.appspot.com/files/restricted-file.html" c.get(url) => #<GData::HTTP::Response:0x20004b8 @status_code=302, @body="", @headers={"connection"=>"close", "date"=>"Sun, 11 Apr 2010 00:30:20 GMT", "content-type"=>"text/html", "server"=>"Google Frontend", "content-length"=>"0", "location"=>"https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLogin service=ah&continue=http://my-cdn.appspot.com/_ah/login%3Fcontinue%3D http://my-cdn.appspot.com/files/restricted-file.html& ltmpl=gm&ahname=My+CDN&sig=a-signature"}> Any tips? That other SO question pointed to doing something with the redirect... Not sure how to handle that. Just looking for a point in the right direction from the ruby experts. Thanks.

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  • Problem with MessageContract, Generic return types and clientside naming

    - by Soeteman
    I'm building a web service which uses MessageContracts, because I want to add custom fields to my SOAP header. In a previous topic, I learned that a composite response has to be wrapped. For this purpose, I devised a generic ResponseWrapper class. [MessageContract(WrapperNamespace = "http://mynamespace.com", WrapperName="WrapperOf{0}")] public class ResponseWrapper<T> { [MessageBodyMember(Namespace = "http://mynamespace.com")] public T Response { get; set; } } I made a ServiceResult base class, defined as follows: [MessageContract(WrapperNamespace = "http://mynamespace.com")] public class ServiceResult { [MessageBodyMember] public bool Status { get; set; } [MessageBodyMember] public string Message { get; set; } [MessageBodyMember] public string Description { get; set; } } To be able to include the request context in the response, I use a derived class of ServiceResult, which uses generics: [MessageContract(WrapperNamespace = "http://mynamespace.com", WrapperName = "ServiceResultOf{0}")] public class ServiceResult<TRequest> : ServiceResult { [MessageBodyMember] public TRequest Request { get; set; } } This is used in the following way [OperationContract()] ResponseWrapper<ServiceResult<HCCertificateRequest>> OrderHealthCertificate(RequestContext<HCCertificateRequest> context); I expected my client code to be generated as ServiceResultOfHCCertificateRequest OrderHealthCertificate(RequestContextOfHCCertificateRequest context); Instead, I get the following: ServiceResultOfHCCertificateRequestzSOTD_SSj OrderHealthCertificate(CompType1 c1, CompType2 c2, HCCertificateRequest context); CompType1 and CompType2 are properties of the RequestContext class. The problem is that a hash is added to the end of ServiceResultOfHCCertificateRequestzSOTD_SSj. How do I need define my generic return types in order for the client type to be generated as expected (without the hash)?

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  • How to detect hidden field tampering?

    - by Myron
    On a form of my web app, I've got a hidden field that I need to protect from tampering for security reasons. I'm trying to come up with a solution whereby I can detect if the value of the hidden field has been changed, and react appropriately (i.e. with a generic "Something went wrong, please try again" error message). The solution should be secure enough that brute force attacks are infeasible. I've got a basic solution that I think will work, but I'm not security expert and I may be totally missing something here. My idea is to render two hidden inputs: one named "important_value", containing the value I need to protect, and one named "important_value_hash" containing the SHA hash of the important value concatenated with a constant long random string (i.e. the same string will be used every time). When the form is submitted, the server will re-compute the SHA hash, and compare against the submitted value of important_value_hash. If they are not the same, the important_value has been tampered with. I could also concatenate additional values with the SHA's input string (maybe the user's IP address?), but I don't know if that really gains me anything. Will this be secure? Anyone have any insight into how it might be broken, and what could/should be done to improve it? Thanks!

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  • How to Verify Signature, Loading PUBLIC KEY From PEM file?

    - by bbirtle
    I'm posting this in the hope it saves somebody else the hours I lost on this really stupid problem involving converting formats of public keys. If anybody sees a simpler solution or a problem, please let me know! The eCommerce system I'm using sends me some data along with a signature. They also give me their public key in .pem format. The .pem file looks like this: -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDe+hkicNP7ROHUssGNtHwiT2Ew HFrSk/qwrcq8v5metRtTTFPE/nmzSkRnTs3GMpi57rBdxBBJW5W9cpNyGUh0jNXc VrOSClpD5Ri2hER/GcNrxVRP7RlWOqB1C03q4QYmwjHZ+zlM4OUhCCAtSWflB4wC Ka1g88CjFwRw/PB9kwIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- Here's the magic code to turn the above into an "RSACryptoServiceProvider" which is capable of verifying the signature. Uses the BouncyCastle library, since .NET apparently (and appallingly cannot do it without some major headaches involving certificate files): RSACryptoServiceProvider thingee; using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:\pemfile.pem")) { var x = new PemReader(reader); var y = (RsaKeyParameters)x.ReadObject(); thingee = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)RSACryptoServiceProvider.Create(); var pa = new RSAParameters(); pa.Modulus = y.Modulus.ToByteArray(); pa.Exponent = y.Exponent.ToByteArray(); thingee.ImportParameters(pa); } And then the code to actually verify the signature: var signature = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var data = ... //reads from the packet sent by the eCommerce system var sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] hash = sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data)); byte[] bSignature = Convert.FromBase64String(signature); ///Verify signature, FINALLY: var hasValidSig = thingee.VerifyHash(hash, CryptoConfig.MapNameToOID("SHA1"), bSignature);

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  • Secure Password Storage and Transfer

    - by Andras Zoltan
    I'm developing a new user store for my organisation and am now tackling password storage. The concepts of salting, HMAC etc are all fine with me - and want to store the users' passwords either salted and hashed, HMAC hashed, or HMAC salted and hashed - not sure what the best way will be - but in theory it won't matter as it will be able to change over time if required. I want to have an XML & JSON service that can act as a Security Token Service for client-side apps. I've already developed one for another system, which requires that the client double-encrypts a clear-text password using SHA1 first and then HMACSHA1 using a 128 unique key (or nonce) supplied by the server for that session only. I'd like to repeat this technique for the new system - upgrading the algo to SHA256 (chosen since implementations are readily available for all aforementioned platforms - and it's much stronger than SHA1) - but there is a problem. If I'm storing the password as a salted hash in the user-store, the client will need to be sent that salt in order to construct the correct hash before being HMACd with the unique session key. This would completely go against the point of using a salt in the first place. Equally, if I don't use salt for password storage, but instead use HMAC, it's still the same problem. At the moment, the only solution I can see is to use naked SHA256 hashing for the password in the user store, so that I can then use this as a starting point on both the server and the client for a more secure salted/hmacd password transfer for the web service. This still leaves the user store vulnerable to a dictionary attack were it ever to be accessed; and however unlikely that might be - assuming it will never happen simply doesn't sit well with me. Greatly appreciate any input.

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  • dll injection using C

    - by AJINKYA
    hey i m trying to inject a dll into a process i.e lsass.exe to get hashes.Its a bit hacky but cant help its my project. I have a code of dll injection but in visual C++ it gives errors such as.. at TEXT("LoadLibraryA"))))----argument const wchar incompatible with LPCSTR at lpFuncAddr-----------argument type "LPVOID" incompatible with parameter type "LPTHREAD_START ROUTINE" CODE: BOOL InjectDLL(DWORD dwProcessId, LPCSTR lpszDLLPath) { HANDLE hProcess, hThread; LPVOID lpBaseAddr, lpFuncAddr; DWORD dwMemSize, dwExitCode; BOOL bSuccess = FALSE; HMODULE hUserDLL; //convert char to wchar char *lpszDLLPath = "hash.dll"; size_t origsize = strlen(orig) + 1; const size_t newsize = 100; size_t convertedChars = 0; wchar_t dllpath[newsize]; mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, dllpath, origsize, orig, _TRUNCATE); if((hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD|PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION|PROCESS_VM_OPERATION |PROCESS_VM_WRITE|PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, dwProcessId))) { dwMemSize = wcslen(dllpath) + 1; if((lpBaseAddr = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, NULL, dwMemSize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE))) { if(WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, lpBaseAddr, lpszDLLPath, dwMemSize, NULL)) { if((hUserDLL = LoadLibrary(TEXT("kernel32.dll")))) { if((lpFuncAddr = GetProcAddress(hUserDLL, TEXT("LoadLibraryA")))) { if((hThread = CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, NULL, 0, lpFuncAddr, lpBaseAddr, 0, NULL))) { WaitForSingleObject(hThread, INFINITE); if(GetExitCodeThread(hThread, &dwExitCode)) { bSuccess = (dwExitCode != 0) ? TRUE : FALSE; } CloseHandle(hThread); } } FreeLibrary(hUserDLL); } } VirtualFreeEx(hProcess, lpBaseAddr, 0, MEM_RELEASE); } CloseHandle(hProcess); } return bSuccess; } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hThisInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { if(InjectDLL(PROCESSID, "hash.dll")) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("DLL Injected!"), TEXT("DLL Injector"), MB_OK); }else { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Couldn't inject DLL"), TEXT("DLL Injector"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); } return 0; } i m a beginner to dll and windows programming so will appreciate your help.

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  • MD5 Hashing Given a Key in C#

    - by Jared
    I've been looking for a way to hash a given string in C# that uses a predetermined key. On my adventures through the internet trying to find an example i have seen lots of MD5CryptoServiceProvider examples which seem to use a default key for the machine, but none of them that apply a specific key. I need to have a specific key to encode data as to synchronize it to someone else's server. I hand them a hashed string and an ID number and they use that analyze the data and return a similar set to me. So is there anyway to get md5 to hash via a specific key that would be consistent to both. I would prefer this to be done in C#, but if its not possible with the libraries can you do so with some web languages like php or asp? Edit: Misunderstood the scenario I was thrown into and after a little sitting and thinking about why they would have me use a key it appears they want a key appended to the end of the string and hashed. That way the server can appended the key it has along with the data passed to ensure its a valid accessing computer. Anyways... thanks all ^_^ Edit2: As my comment below says, it was the term 'salting' I was oblivious to. Oh the joys of getting thrown into something new with no directions.

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