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  • Access modifiers in Object-Oriented Programming

    - by Imran
    I don't understand Access Modifiers in OOP. Why do we make for example in Java instance variables private and then use public getter and setter methods to access them? I mean what's the reasoning/logic behind this? You still get to the instance variable but why use setter and getter methods when you can just make your variables public? please excuse my ignorance as I am simply trying to understand why? Thank you in advance. ;-)

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  • Measuring Programmers' Productivity. Bad, good or invasive?

    - by Fraga
    A client needs my company to develop an app that will be able to measure the programmer productivity, by getting information from VS, IE, SSMS, profiler and VMware. For example: Lines, Methods, Classes (Added, Deleted, Modified) How many time spent in certain file, class, method, specific task, etc. How many time in different stages of the development cycle (Design, Coding, Debugging, Compiling, Testing) Real lines of code. Etc They told me they want to implement PSP. Would you resign if a company wants to measure this way? OR Would you install this kind of software for self improvement?

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  • How to choose programming language for projects?

    - by bdhar
    This is a question I constantly encounter when I attend any technical forums / discussions / interviews. There is a similar article but it focuses on business merits as well. What I am looking for is a guide (not a checklist like this one which is abstract and not so accurate) which helps an architect to choose the programming language to implement a requirement. Is there a book or article available for the same purpose?

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  • how does pipe work

    - by lego69
    hello, explain me please how exactly pipe works, for example I have this snippet of the code set line = ($<) while(${#line} != 0) if(${#line} == 5) then echo line | sort | ./calculate ${1} endif set line = ($<) end I need to choose all rows with 5 words and after sort it and after transfer, but I'm confused, how will it work, first of all 'while' will take all information and after that transfer it to sort, or every iteration 'while' will do sort? thanks in advance

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  • Accessing type members outside the class in Scala

    - by Pekka Mattila
    Hi, I am trying to understand type members in Scala. I wrote a simple example that tries to explain my question. First, I created two classes for types: class BaseclassForTypes class OwnType extends BaseclassForTypes Then, I defined an abstract type member in trait and then defined the type member in a concerete class: trait ScalaTypesTest { type T <: BaseclassForTypes def returnType: T } class ScalaTypesTestImpl extends ScalaTypesTest { type T = OwnType override def returnType: T = { new T } } Then, I want to access the type member (yes, the type is not needed here, but this explains my question). Both examples work. Solution 1. Declaring the type, but the problem here is that it does not use the type member and the type information is duplicated (caller and callee). val typeTest = new ScalaTypesTestImpl val typeObject:OwnType = typeTest.returnType // declare the type second time here true must beTrue Solution 2. Initializing the class and using the type through the object. I don't like this, since the class needs to be initialized val typeTest = new ScalaTypesTestImpl val typeObject:typeTest.T = typeTest.returnType // through an instance true must beTrue So, is there a better way of doing this or are type members meant to be used only with the internal implementation of a class?

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  • Software Development Lifecycle

    - by j-t-s
    Hi All Our investor wants a SDLC. I've never written one before, and I don't have enough time to go and buy a book, or spend much time learning about them. But from what I'vebeen told about them, is basically that you need to list requirements (what needs to be done), and list what has already been done. Is this correct? thank you

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  • Delphi On Windows

    - by j-t-s
    Hi All I have decided (whether it's for better or for worse), to start learning Delphi. But, Is it available in Visual Studio? Or is there an IDE for it? I googled Delphi, but came up with some really weird sites. Thanks Jason

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  • Graphical Programming Language

    - by prosseek
    In control engineering or instrumentation, I see Simulink or LabVIEW(G) is pretty popular. In ESL design, I see that Agilent SystemVue is gaining some popularity. If you see the well established compiler theroy, almost 100% is about the textual language. But how about the graphical language? Is there any noticable research or discussion about the graphical programming language? In terms of Theory about Graphical Language - syntactic/semantic analysis and whatever relevant expressiveness (Actually, I asked a question about it at SO - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2427496/what-do-you-mean-by-the-expressiveness-in-programming-lanuguage) Possibility of the Graphical language ... Or what do you think about the Graphical Programming Language?

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  • Context-sensitive grammar for specific language

    - by superagio
    How can I construct a grammar that generates this language? Construct a grammar that generates L: L = {a^n b^m c^k|k>n, k>m} I believe my productions should go along this lines: S-> ABCC A-> a|aBC|BC B-> b|bBC C-> c|Cc CB->BC The idea is to start with 2 c and keep always one more c, and then with C-c|Cc ad as much c as i want. How can my production for C remember the numbers of m and n.

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  • Need some ignition for learning Embedded Systems

    - by Rahul
    I'm very much interested in building applications for Embedded Devices. I'm in my 3rd year Electrical Engineering and I'm passionate about coding, algorithms, Linux OS, etc. And also by Googling I found out that Linux OS is one of the best OSes for Embedded devices(may be/may not be). I want to work for companies which work on mobile applications. I'm a newbie/naive to this domain & my skills include C/C++ & MySQL. I need help to get started in the domain of Embedded Systems; like how/where to start off, Hardware prerequisites, necessary programming skills, also what kind of Embedded Applications etc. I've heard of ARM, firmware, PIC Micorcontrollers; but I don't know anything & just need proper introduction about them. Thanx. P.S: I'm currently reading Bjarne Struotsup's lecture in C++ at Texas A&M University, and one chapter in it describes about Embedded Systems Programming.

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  • Compiling Scala scripts. How works scalac?

    - by Arturo Herrero
    Groovy Groovy comes with a compiler called groovyc. For each script, groovyc generates a class that extends groovy.lang.Script, which contains a main method so that Java can execute it. The name of the compiled class matches the name of the script being compiled. For example, with this HelloWorld.groovy script: println "Hello World" That becomes something like this code: class HelloWorld extends Script { public static void main(String[] args) { println "Hello World" } } Scala Scala comes with a compiler called scalac. I don't know how it works. For example, with the same HelloWorld.scala script: println("Hello World") The code is not valid for scalac, because the compiler expected class or object definition, but works in Scala REPL interpreter. How is possible? Is it wrapped in a class before execution?

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  • What emoticons can you put into class names in your language?

    - by Chris Gill
    I've just had a "discussion" with a developer about naming classes in C#. My final throw away line was, "Let's not put any emoticons in our class names." I can't think of a way you could put emoticons in C# class names, but I haven't thought too hard about it. Is this possible? Does any programming language allow it? What would be the best/worst language to be able to perform this in? Update: The Scheme answer bests answers my question. It was a quick idea after a quick discussion so I'm going to accept after a short amount of time and then move on with my life. Thanks for the responses.

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  • Known "Z notation" applications ?

    - by Amadeus45
    I was just remembering back my university classes and was wondering to know if anyone out here even used the "Z notation" in a professional environment. I honestly must say that it was the single most boring class that I have ever attended in my life. Maybe because of the teacher, but at the time we really all thought it was a big waste of time. I might have been wrong, which is why I'd like to hear you about it. If you are using it or some derived language (Z++), I'd just like to know how is it useful for you. Just curious to know some commonly-known applications of Z or your application. For those who are not familiar : http://staff.washington.edu/jon/z/z-examples.html

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  • n++ vs n=n+1. Which one is faster

    - by piemesons
    Somebody asked me Is n++ faster than n=n+1? My answer:-- ++ is a unary operator in C which(n++) takes only one machine instruction to execute while n=n+1 takes more than one machine instructions to execute. Anyone correct me if I am wrong, but in Assembler it take something like this: n++: inc n n = n + 1; mov ax n add ax 1 mov n ax its not exactli this, but it's near it.but in most cases a good compiler will change n = n + 1 to ++n.So A good compiler will generate same code for both and hence the same time to execute.

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  • Open Source Contribution for a newbie programmer.

    - by sasayins
    Hi, I am teaching programming to my nephews and I want them to improve their skills by contributing to open source projects. Now my question is, do you know any open source project that suit for a newbie programmer. What I mean is, the project does not have a large codebase, the project is very interesting and the project is written in C because I chose C language as their starting language but you can suggest other project made in other language. My goal here are to improve their logic by reading other source codes, familiarize to the available development tools like bug tracker, version control system, etc. and open their interest in open source community. Thanks. =)

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  • Why do static Create methods exist?

    - by GeReV
    I was wondering, why do static Create methods exist? For instance, why use this code: System.Xml.XmlReader reader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(inputUri); over this code: System.Xml.XmlReader reader = new System.Xml.XmlReader(inputUri); I cannot find the rationale for using one over the other, and can't find any relation between classes who use this construct over the other. Can anyone shed some light on this?

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  • Why Do You Use Delphi?

    - by lkessler
    Nick Bradbury (the author of HomeSite, TopStyle and FeedDemon) just posted a fascinating explanation of why he uses Delphi: http://nick.typepad.com/blog/2009/07/why-i-use-delphi.html I'd like to know if there are other reasons. Why do you use Delphi? (I'm making this community wiki from the onset. I'm interested in hearing your answers, not in points.)

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  • XML RSS to HTML parser doesn't work

    - by mstr
    I'm using MCX (I don't even know if someone here is familiar with it, pretty unkown derivate of COBOL and Fortran, look it up in google when you don't believe me) Note: I'm using MCX on the MCX-WebServices server as it does neither support apache or ISS, mabye that is one problem. The thing is that I want to use the XML library to read in an XML file and convert it into an output format readable by the user. The XML lib already has all the functions I need for that, yet my program fails. #!usr/bin/mcx $PGRM.ID: index.mcx $PGRM.AT: /mstr SHOWERROR: WRITE XML.LastError --> OUTPUT DO_FLUSH xcit end\ MAIN: IMPORT Extras.XML USE Extras $XML_RSS_FILE: XML.ReadIn "rss.xml" ! $XML_RSS_FILE --> GOTO SHOWERROR $XML_RSS: XML.FormatRSS1 <-- $XML_RSS_FILE ! $XML_RSS --> GOTO SHOWERROR WRITE $XML_RSS --> OUTPUT DO_FLUSH FLUSH xcit end\ Program output: Nothing The rss.xml file 100% exists and is readable Thanks in advance

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  • Which language should I use to program a GUI application?

    - by Roman
    I would like to write a GUI application for management of information (text documents). In more details, it should be similar to the TiddlyWiki. I would like to have there some good visual effects (like nice representation for three structures, which you can rotate, some sound). I also would like to include some communication via Internet (for sharing and collaboration). In should include some features of such applications as a web browser, word processor, Skype. Which programming language should I use? I like the idea of usage of JavaScripts (like TddlyWiki). The good thing about that, is that user should not install anything. They open a file in a browser and it works! The bad thing is that JavaScript cannot communicate via internet with other applications. I think the choice of the programming language, in my case, id conditioned by 2 things: What can be done with this programming language (which restrictions are there). How easy to program. I would like to have "block" which can do a lot of things (rather than to program then and, in this way, to "rediscover a bicycle") ADDED: I would like to make it platform independent.

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  • "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

    - by danwroy
    Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

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