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  • iptables forwarding to a dummy interface

    - by madinc
    Hi, I'm trying to accomplish the following: I have a box with a service listening on a dummy interface (say 172.16.0.1), udp port 5555. Now what I'd like to do is to take packets that arrive on interfaces eth0 (1.1.1.1:5555) and eth1 (2.2.2.2:5555) and forward them to the service on the dummy interface, and have replies go back to clients out the same physical interface they came in. Clients must think they're talking to 1.1.1.1:5555 or 2.2.2.2:5555. I think I need a mix of iptables rules and packet marking, plus some iproute rules (if it's possible at all). What I tried is to catch packets coming in from eth0 and eth1, udp port 5555, and mark them with 1 and 2 respectively, and --save-mark in the connmark. Then I used a DNAT to 172.16.0.1. The service seems to be getting the packets. Now I'm not sure how to do the reverse. It seems that for packets originating from the box, you can't do anything before the routing decision, but that would be the place to restore the marks, and thus make a routing decision based on those. Here's what I have so far: iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 1.1.1.1 -p udp --port 5555 -j MARK --set-mark 1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 2.2.2.2 -p udp --port 5555 -j MARK --set-mark 2 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 1.1.1.1 -p udp --port 5555 -j CONNMARK --save-mark iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 2.2.2.2 -p udp --port 5555 -j CONNMARK --save-mark iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m mark --mark 1 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.16.0.1 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m mark --mark 2 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.16.0.1 # What next? As I said, I'm not even sure it can be done. To give a bit of background, it's an old OpenVPN installation that cannot be upgraded (otherwise I'd install a recent version that supports multihoming natively). Thanks for any help.

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  • Some process does ICMP port scan on my OSX box and I am afraid my Mac got a virus

    - by Jamgold
    I noticed that my 10.6.6 box has some process send out ICMP messages to "random" hosts, which concerns me a lot. when doing a tcpdump icmp I see a lot of the following 15:41:14.738328 IP macpro > bzq-109-66-184-49.red.bezeqint.net: ICMP macpro udp port websm unreachable, length 36 15:41:15.110381 IP macpro > 99-110-211-191.lightspeed.sntcca.sbcglobal.net: ICMP macpro udp port 54045 unreachable, length 36 15:41:23.458831 IP macpro > 188.122.242.115: ICMP macpro udp port websm unreachable, length 36 15:41:23.638731 IP macpro > 61.85-200-21.bkkb.no: ICMP macpro udp port websm unreachable, length 36 15:41:27.329981 IP macpro > c-98-234-88-192.hsd1.ca.comcast.net: ICMP macpro udp port 54045 unreachable, length 36 15:41:29.349586 IP macpro > c-98-234-88-192.hsd1.ca.comcast.net: ICMP macpro udp port 54045 unreachable, length 36 I got suspicious when my router notified me about a lot of ICMP messages that don't get a response [INFO] Mon Jan 10 16:31:47 2011 Blocked outgoing ICMP packet (ICMP type 3) from 192.168.1.189 to 212.25.57.90 Does anyone know how to trace which process (or worse kernel module) might be responsible for this? I rebooted and logged in with a virgin user account and tcpdump showed the same results. Any dtrace magic welcome. Thanks in advance

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  • What is the replacement of the floppy

    - by alexanderpas
    While CD (and to an lesser extend DVD) disks have reached the price-point of the floppy, they have one significant downside, it is WORM (Write-Once Read-Many) media, allowing it to be used only one single time, and you need to be explicit in writing the data to the actual media (you need to burn it.) While CD-RW solves the "use only once" problem, it is still EWORM (Erasable Write-Once Read-Many) media, which still means you need to be explicit in writing the data to the actual media (you still need to burn it.), and also, you still need to be very explicit in erasing it. (simple delete is not possible.) Okay, we can use a CD-RW in Packet Writing mode, however the downside to that, is that this mode is not very universal, and also, not the native mode of the media. Now, while USB-sticks and SD-cards may not have the poblems of the CD, they have a whole other kind of problem: their PRICE! USB-sticks and SD cards are generally 10 to 100 times as expensive as diskettes per piece. SD-cards, in addition have an added problem, because they need a reader to operate. While it is a very standard thing, it is not default equipment on the computer like the CD drive or USB port (or historically the diskette drive). You wouldn't give out an USB stick or SD card with a 100 kB text file, not caring weither you would get it back or not. So, to recap: CD & DVD are basically WORM media. SD cards and USB sticks are relatively expensive. SD cards also needs special readers. Diskettes have a very low data-rate Diskettes have a very low storage capacity. Now, is there a media out there that solves all these problems, or is there a way to get (very) small USB sticks or SD cards for a very low price (as they're the closest thing to diskette).

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  • DNS issue on Fedora 12? wget wordpress.org fails where wget www.google.com works

    - by Tom Auger
    I'm administering a Fedora 12 box, but am quite new to networking specifics. Recently one of our WordPress apps hosted on our server has stopped being able to perform its auto-update or auto-download of plugins. Investigating further, I have tried the following: $ wget wordpress.org --2010-12-17 11:26:50-- http://wordpress.org/ Resolving wordpress.org... failed: Temporary failure in name resolution. wget: unable to resolve host address âwordpress.orgâ Whereas: $ wget www.google.com --2010-12-17 11:27:26-- http://www.google.com/ Resolving www.google.com... 74.125.226.82, 74.125.226.84, 74.125.226.80, ... Connecting to www.google.com|74.125.226.82|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://www.google.ca/ [following] --2010-12-17 11:27:26-- http://www.google.ca/ Resolving www.google.ca... 173.194.32.104 Connecting to www.google.ca|173.194.32.104|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: âindex.html.4â [ <=> ] 9,079 --.-K/s in 0.02s 2010-12-17 11:27:26 (462 KB/s) - âindex.html.4â Interestingly: $ ping wordpress.org PING wordpress.org (72.233.56.138) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from wordpress.org (72.233.56.138): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=81.5 ms 64 bytes from wordpress.org (72.233.56.138): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=67.3 ms ^C --- wordpress.org ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1783ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 67.361/74.448/81.536/7.092 ms and $ nslookup wordpress.org Server: 192.168.2.1 Address: 192.168.2.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: wordpress.org Address: 72.233.56.138 Name: wordpress.org Address: 72.233.56.139 nscd has been stopped and flushed. iptables appear to be clean. At this point I have exhausted my limited abilities to diagnose the issue. Can anyone suggest a resolution path?

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  • iptables advanced routing

    - by Shamanu4
    I have a Centos server acting as a NAT in my network. This server has one external (later ext1) interface and three internal (later int1, int2 and int3). Egress traffic comes from users via int1 and after MASQUERADE goes via ext1. Ingress traffic comes from ext1, MASQUERADE, and goes via int2 or int3 according to static routes. | ext1 | x.x.x.x/24 +---------|----------------------+ | | | Centos server (NAT) | | | +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | int1 | | int2 | int3 10.30.1.10/24 | | 10.30.2.10/24 | 10.30.3.10/24 ^ v v 10.30.1.1/24 | | 10.30.2.1/24 | 10.30.3.1/24 +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | | | | | v v | | ^ -Traffic policer- | | |_____________ | | | | | +------------------|-------------+ | 192.168.0.1/16 | | Clients 192.168.0.0/16 The problem: Egress traffic seems to be dropped after PREROUTING table. Packet counters are not changing on MASQUERADE rule in POSTROUTING. If I change the routes to clients causing the traffic go back via int1 - everything works perfectly. current iptable configuration is very simple: # cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -I INPUT 1 -i int1 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat -A POSTROUTING -o ext1 -j MASQUERADE # COMMIT Can anyone point me what I'm missing? Thanks. UPDATE: 192.168.100.60 via 10.30.2.1 dev int2 proto zebra # routes to clients ... 192.168.100.61 via 10.30.3.1 dev int3 proto zebra # ... I have a lot of them x.x.x.0/24 dev ext1 proto kernel scope link src x.x.x.x 10.30.1.0/24 dev int1 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.1.10 10.30.2.0/24 dev int2 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.2.10 10.30.3.0/24 dev int3 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.3.10 169.254.0.0/16 dev ext1 scope link metric 1003 169.254.0.0/16 dev int1 scope link metric 1004 169.254.0.0/16 dev int2 scope link metric 1005 169.254.0.0/16 dev int3 scope link metric 1006 blackhole 192.168.0.0/16 default via x.x.x.y dev ext1 Clients have 192.168.0.1 as gateway, which is redirecting them to 10.30.1.1

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  • Windows 2008 R2 Servers Sending Arp Requests for IPs outside Subnet

    - by Kyle Brandt
    By running a packet capture on my my routers I see some of my servers sending ARP requests for IPs that exist outside of its network. For example if my network is: Network: 8.8.8.0/24 Gateway: 8.8.8.1 (MAC: 00:21:9b:aa:aa:aa) Example Server: 8.8.8.20 (MAC: 00:21:9b:bb:bb:bb) By running a capture on the interface that has 8.8.8.1 I see requests like: Sender Mac: 00:21:9b:bb:bb:bb Sender IP: 8.8.8.20 Target MAC: 00:21:9b:aa:aa:aa Target IP: 69.63.181.58 Anyone seen this behavior before? My understanding of ARP is that requests should only go out for IPs within the subnet... Am I confused in my understanding of ARP? If I am not confused, anyone seen this behavior? Also, these seem to happen in bursts and it doesn't happen when I do something like ping an IP outside of the network. Update: In response to Ian's questions. I am not running anything like Hyper-V. I have multiple interfaces but only one is active (Using BACS failover teaming). The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (Even if it were something different it wouldn't explain an IP like 69.63.181.58). When I run MS Network Monitor or wireshark I do not see these ARP requests. What happens is that on the router capturing I see a burst of about 10 requests for IPs outside of the network from the host machine. On the machine itself using wireshark or NetMon I see a flood of ARP responses for all the machines on the network. However, I don't see any requests in the capture asking for those responses. So it seems like maybe it is maybe refreshing the arp cache but including IPs that outside of the network. Also when it does this NetMon doesn't show the ARP requests?

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  • Transparent proxying leaves sockets with SYN_RCVD in MacOS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (and maybe FreeBSD)

    - by apenwarr
    I'm trying to create a transparent proxy on my MacOS machine in order to port the sshuttle ssh-based transproxy VPN from Linux. I think I almost have it working, but sadly, almost is not 100%. Short version is this. In one window, start something that listens on port 12300: $ while :; do nc -l 12300; done Now enable proxying: # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 # ipfw add 1000 fwd 127.0.0.1,12300 log tcp from any to any And now test it out: $ telnet localhost 9999 # any port number will do # this works; type stuff and you'll see it in the nc window $ telnet google.com 80 # any host/port will do # this *doesn't* work! After the latter experiment, I see lines like this in netstat: $ netstat -tn | grep ^tcp4 tcp4 0 0 66.249.91.104.80 192.168.1.130.61072 SYN_RCVD tcp4 0 0 192.168.1.130.61072 66.249.91.104.80 SYN_SENT The second socket belongs to my telnet program; the first is more suspicious. SYN_RCVD implies that my SYN packet was correctly captured by the firewall and taken in by the kernel, but apparently the SYNACK was never sent back to telnet, because it's still in SYN_SENT. On the other hand, if I kill the nc server, I get this: $ telnet google.com 80 Trying 66.249.81.104... telnet: connect to address 66.249.81.104: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host ...which is as expected: my proxy server isn't running, so ipfw redirects my connection to port 12300, which has nobody listening on it, ie. connection refused. My uname says this: $ uname -a Darwin mean.local 10.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.2.0: Tue Nov 3 10:37:10 PST 2009; root:xnu-1486.2.11~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 Does anybody see any different results? (I'm especially interested in Snow Leopard vs Leopard results, as there seem to be some internet rumours that transproxy is broken in Snow Leopard version) Any advice for how to fix?

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  • Is timeout in tracertoutput an indication of an error?

    - by nitramk
    TCP/IP packages sent from my computer to a remote server does not always reach destination and ends up being retransmitted sometimes several times before they succeed. To troubleshoot this, I'm running a tracert to the server: Tracing route to <site> [<address>] Over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms mymachine 2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms gw.levonline.com [217.70.32.30] 3 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 81.201.213.218 4 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms bmf1-hmf1.driften.net [81.201.213.12] 5 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 10ge-2-4-cr2.a1.sth.ownit.se [84.246.88.157] 6 <1 ms * <1 ms netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.microsoft.com [195.69.11.181] 7 26 ms * * ge-3-0-0-0.ams-64cb-1a.ntwk.msn.net [207.46.42.1] 8 48 ms 57 ms 56 ms ten9-1.lts-76e-1.ntwk.msn.net [207.46.42.133] 9 * * * Request timed out. In step 6 and 7, I'm seeing timeouts while waiting for the reply from the server (as seen above). Running the same tracert many times gives varying output, sometimes the response is fine, but sometimes I get this timeout 1, 2 and sometimes for all 3 packets. The timeout always starts at the same server, netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.microsoft.com. I've tried setting the tracert timeout to 10 seconds, but am still getting the timeout. Running tracert towards other servers does not give me the same timeout. Microsoft network technicians tells me that the problem is not on "their" side. Are these timeouts an indicator of a lost packet on the specific node which did not respond? Are the timeouts an indication of there being a problem, or is it normal?

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  • Window 7 Host does not answer to ping

    - by gencha
    Today I tried printing on a shared printer on one of our homegroup members. Sadly it did not work (printer marked as offline). Shortly after, I noticed I can't even ping the machine that owns the printer (I also can not remotely access it in any other way I've tried). Currently I'm trying to ping the machine from the router both computers are connected to (and my machine in question doesn't answer). I do receive the echo requests (as verified with WireShark). I also added a rule in the Windows Firewall to specifically allow ICMP echo requests, but that didn't change anything. I also tried netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8 enable, but that didn't change anything either. Completely disabling the Windows Firewall has no effect on the issue either. One has to wonder, where does Windows log when and why it ignored any incoming packets? How can I get to the bottom of this? Here are some ways I found to dig deeper into the issue: Enabling logging on the Windows Firewall Enabling Windows Filtering Platform Auditing Both methods at least give more insight into the issue. The plain log file is full of entries like this: 2011-11-11 14:35:27 DROP ICMP 192.168.133.1 192.168.133.128 - - 84 - - - - 8 0 - RECEIVE So the ICMP packets are being dropped as if that was intended. The Event Viewer now gives a little bit more details: The Windows Filtering Platform has blocked a packet. Application Information: Process ID: 4 Application Name: System Network Information: Direction: Inbound Source Address: 192.168.133.1 Source Port: 0 Destination Address: 192.168.133.128 Destination Port: 8 Protocol: 1 Filter Information: Filter Run-Time ID: 214517 Layer Name: Receive/Accept Layer Run-Time ID: 44 This same entry is always repeated with 2 points of information changing: Process ID: 420 Application Name: \device\harddiskvolume2\windows\system32\svchost.exe The service host with the PID 420 is the host for the following services: Windows Audio DHCP Client Windows Event Log HomeGroup Provider TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper Security Center Additionally, there is currently this problem with the same machine: Even though my network is set to be a "Home network", I am unable to create a new homegroup.

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  • Bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adaptors

    - by stacey.richards
    I would like to be able to connect a desktop computer that does not have a wireless adapter to my wireless network. I could just run a network cable from my ADSL/wireless router to the desktop computer but sometimes this is not practical. What I would really like to do is bridge my laptop's wireless and wired adapters in such a way that I can run a network cable from my laptop to a switch and another network cable from the switch to a desktop computer so that the desktop computer can access the Internet through my ADSL/wireless router via my latop: +--------------------+ |ADSL/wireless router| +--------------------+ | +-------------------------+ |laptop's wireless adaptor| | | |laptop's wired adaptor | +-------------------------+ | +------+ |switch| +------+ | +-----------------------+ |desktop's wired adapter| +-----------------------+ A bit of Googling suggests that I can do this by bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adapters. In Windows XP's Network Connections I select both the Local Area Connection and the Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections. From what I gather, this (layer 2?) bridge will examine the MAC address of traffic coming from the wireless network and pass it through to the wired network if it suspects that a network adapter with that MAC address may be on the wired side, and vice-versa. If this is the case, I would assume that when the desktop computer attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server (which is running on the ADSL/wireless router), it would send a DHCP broadcast packet which would pass through the laptop's bridge to the router and the reply would return through the laptop's bridge back to the desktop. This doesn't happen. With some more Googling I find some instruction how this can be done with Linux. I reboot to Ubuntu 9.10 and type the following: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo ipconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 sudo ipconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 Once again, the desktop cannot reach the ADSL/wireless router. I suspect that I'm missing some simple important step. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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  • Is ffmpeg incorrectly interpreting .aif files?

    - by marue
    Being on an Ubuntu 10.04 server i installed the ffmpeg packages with apt. ffmpeg is working afterwards, and doing as it should. Almost. For testing purposes i uploaded a few audiofiles. One of them, an aif file, is not being correctly interpreted. While on my workhorse (Mac SnowLeopard) ffmpeg tells the format as Stream #0.0: Audio: pcm_s24be, 44100 Hz, 2 channels, s32, 2116 kb/s my Ubuntu server says it is: Stream #0.0: Audio: pcm_s24be, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 2116 kb/s which is the wrong bitdepth. Ubuntu then fails to convert the file with the error message [pcm_s24be @ 0xcd4b580]invalid PCM packet Error while decoding stream #0.0 which certainly is not true. The file is perfectly valid. Are there any know issues for ffmpeg interpreting the aif format? How can i find out which version of the aif-codec ffmpeg is using? Any ideas how to approach this issue? ffprobe output: FFprobe version SVN-r20090707, Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Stefano Sabatini libavutil 49.15. 0 / 49.15. 0 libavcodec 52.20. 0 / 52.20. 1 libavformat 52.31. 0 / 52.31. 0 built on Jan 20 2010 00:13:01, gcc: 4.4.3 20100116 (prerelease) Input #0, aiff, from 'testfile.aif': Duration: 00:00:04.00, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 2117 kb/s Stream #0.0: Audio: pcm_s24be, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 2116 kb/s update 2: Forcing the conversion with -sample_fmt s32 doesn't change anything. Strange thing is: Even without using -sample_fmt s32 i just realized that the conversion is working and creates valid audiofiles. There just is the error message from above.

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  • FTP Server with advanced features

    - by Nikolas Sakic
    Hi, We supply zone-files to our customers. Some zone files are big about 300MB and some are quite small, maybe like 1MB. We had this issue that someone setup a script to continually download the file. Imagine downloading 300MB file a few hundred times a day. Since, we don't have packet-shaper to throttle the traffic, we need to upgrade ftp server and use add-on modules to limit the download somehow. We currently use proftpd server. Also note that there are different users for different domains - say, if you want to download zone file for .INFO domain, then you use a particular user. That user can't download any other zone's file. This is what we are looking for: Have maximum of 400MB download per user per day. Or even have different download limit for different users per day. Have one connection per user at any time. Max # of connection (non-simultaneous) per user per day is 5. Anyone trying to exceed that gets banned for 24 hours. Has anyone used FTP server with similar restrictions above? Does anyone have any ideas where I can start? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks. -N

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  • Preventing DDOS/SYN attacks (as far as possible)

    - by Godius
    Recently my CENTOS machine has been under many attacks. I run MRTG and the TCP connections graph shoots up like crazy when an attack is going on. It results in the machine becoming inaccessible. My MRTG graph: mrtg graph This is my current /etc/sysctl.conf config # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 1 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1280 Futher more in my Iptables file (/etc/sysconfig/iptables ) I only have this setup # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Feb 14 07:07:31 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [1139630:287215872] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1222418:555508541] Together with the settings above, there are about 800 IP's blocked via the iptables file by lines like: -A INPUT -s 82.77.119.47 -j DROP These have all been added by my hoster, when Ive emailed them in the past about attacks. Im no expert, but im not sure if this is ideal. My question is, what are some good things to add to the iptables file and possibly other files which would make it harder for the attackers to attack my machine without closing out any non-attacking users. Thanks in advance!

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  • Forward mDns from one subnet to another?

    - by user37278
    Is there an ipfw rule that can easily forward mDns packets from one subnet to another? I have a Snow Leopard Server machine serving as the gateway between the two subnets and would like for machines in each subnet to see the services available in the other subnet. The gateway machine is already confirmed as configured correctly such that packets route correctly between the two subnets (ping works, traceroute shows the subnet hop, etc). My problem in designing a ipfw rule is that I don't know how to instruct that I would like multicast packets addressed to 224.0.0.251:5353 on en0 to be addressed to the same ip/port but on fw0 (the other interface). I attempted a rule such as fwd 192.168.10.1 log udp from 192.168.1.0/24 to 224.0.0.251 recv en1 to force the packet to hop over to the other interface (from en1 to fw0), but no dice. The ipfw log shows that the rule is being triggered by packets, but tcpdump isn't showing any packets on the other interface. Also, the only other firewall rules in place are the divert port 8668 and rule #65535 "allow any to any". Any suggestions? Thanks.

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  • Keepalived for more than 20 virtual addresses

    - by cvaldemar
    I have set up keepalived on two Debian machines for high availability, but I've run into the maximum number of virtual IP's I can assign to my vrrp_instance. How would I go about configuring and failing over 20+ virtual IP's? This is the, very simple, setup: LB01: 10.200.85.1 LB02: 10.200.85.2 Virtual IPs: 10.200.85.100 - 10.200.85.200 Each machine is also running Apache (later Nginx) binding on the virtual IPs for SSL client certificate termination and proxying to backend webservers. The reason I need so many VIP's is the inability to use VirtualHost on HTTPS. This is my keepalived.conf: vrrp_script chk_apache2 { script "killall -0 apache2" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 virtual_ipaddress { 10.200.85.100 . . all the way to . 10.200.85.200 } An identical configuration is on the BACKUP machine, and it's working fine, but only up to the 20th IP. I have found a HOWTO discussing this problem. Basically, they suggest having just one VIP and routing all traffic "via" this one IP, and "all will be well". Is this a good approach? I'm running pfSense firewalls in front of the machines. Quote from the above link: ip route add $VNET/N via $VIP or route add $VNET netmask w.x.y.z gw $VIP Thanks in advance. EDIT: @David Schwartz said it would make sense to add a route, so I tried adding a static route to the pfSense firewall, but that didn't work as I expected it would. pfSense route: Interface: LAN Destination network: 10.200.85.200/32 (virtual IP) Gateway: 10.200.85.100 (floating virtual IP) Description: Route to VIP .100 I also made sure I had packet forwarding enabled on my hosts: $ cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1 Am I doing this wrong? I also removed all VIPs from the keepalived.conf so it only fails over 10.200.85.100.

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  • Simplest DNS solution for remote offices

    - by dunxd
    I look after a bunch of remote offices that connect via VPN - a Cisco ASA 5505 in each office acts as Firewall and VPN end point. Beyond that we keep things as simple as possible in the offices to minimise the support burden. We don't have any kind of server except in offices large enough to justify having someone dedicated to IT. Basically there is the ASA, some computers, a network printer and a switch. One of the problems I am seeing in a lot of offices is that DNS requests looking up hosts inside our network often fail - I'm assuming timeouts due to the offices internet connection (they are all in developing world countries) having some sub-optimal qualities (e.g. high latency caused by VSAT segments, or packet loss. The obvious solution to this is to have some sort of local DNS service that can serve local requests - so I think it would need to do zone transfers from our Microsoft Windows 2008 R2 DNS servers at HQ. However, simply installing Windows Servers in each office is both expensive, and creates a support burden. This got me thinking about pfsense/m0n0wall on embedded devices - those can act as a DNS server, and could be configured at HQ and sent out as just something that needs to be plugged into the network and can then be forgotten about by the staff locally. Maybe there are some alternatives to the ASA 5505 that include some DNS functionality. Has anyone here dealt with the problem, either using some kind of embedded device, or found some other solution? Any gotchas or reasons to avoid what I have suggested?

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  • Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

    - by tampe125
    I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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  • Debian can't connect to internet using LAN

    - by tampe125
    I have a headless Raspberry Pi using Debian Wheezy. I have a wifi dongle and if I connect my Raspberry using it, everything works fine: I can connect to the Internet, I can ping, I can update. However, if I get down my wifi and set up the lan interface, I lost my internet connection. I still can connect to it locally, using my laptop, but the connection doesn't exit (ie ping is not working). Some useful info: cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 ping www.google.com (nothing request timed out) ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:a2:b5:20 inet addr:192.168.0.105 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:97223 (94.9 KiB) TX bytes:146140 (142.7 KiB) ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18007ms cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 well, I think that's all... Any ideas?

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  • WSUS KB978338 Chain of Supersession Incorrect?

    - by Kasius
    The chain appears to be KB978338 to KB978886 to KB2563894 to KB2588516 (newest). All four of these updates are approved on our WSUS server. KB978338 is listing as Not Applicable on all machines, because it has been superseded. This is the behavior I would expect. However, our security office is reporting that KB978338 should still be installed on all machines because its actual effect is not replicated by any of the updates that follow it. Here is the analysis I was sent: KB978886 applies to Vista SP1 only. The rollout of SP2 did not address the ISATAP vulnerability and reintroduces it. KB2563894 only updates two files (Tcpip.sys and Tcpipreg.sys). It does not update the 12 other affected ISATAP, UDP, and NUD .sys and .dll files. (MS11-064) KB2588516 addresses malformed continuous UDP packet overflow. But does not address the ISATAP related NUD and TCP .sys and .dll files. (MS11-083) So yes, many IP vulnerabilities. But each KB addresses specific issues that do not cross over to other KBs. We can install KB978338 by manually running the .MSU file, but we aren't certain if that will overwrite the couple files that get updated by later patches since we would be installing the patch out of order. Is the above analysis correct? Is the chain of supersession incorrectly defined? If it is, what is the proper way to report it so that it can be changed by the correct Microsoft team? We are currently using 32-bit and 64-bit installations of Vista SP2. Note: I should mention that I posted this on Technet as well. I will keep this up-to-date with any information I get on there.

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  • Intermittent extrememly long response times when downloading documents

    - by pap
    I have a Java web application running om Tomcat 7 with an Apache httpd 2.2 fronting with mod_jk/AJP. One part of the application is serving files (up to 4mb size). Now, normally this all runs very smooth with stable, low response-times. However, in rare instances (<0.1% of downloads), the downloadtime will go beyond 1 minute. After activating the ThreadStuckValve in Tomcat, I can see that the long responses seem to be stuck at org.apache.tomcat.jni.Socket.sendbb(Native method) i.e network I/O. At most, these long-running downloads take 5 minutes, which I strongly suspect is because of the default 300 second timout in Apache 2.2 (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html, "TimeOut directive"). To me, this looks like network problems. The Apache timeout (if that is what is kicking in at the 5 minute mark) indicates that ACK packets are not being transmitted correctly. My questions are what could be causing this? Closed browser at receiving end but socket not signaled as closed properly? Packet loss or some other network failure in transit? Where would I start troubleshooting this? We're running Tomcat and Apache on Windows server 2008-R2 in a vmware virtualized server.

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  • Laptop Randomly Turning On and Off

    - by Ian Mallett
    So, I have a pretty new laptop, and one of its quirks is that, at random times (though typically in the middle of the night), it seems to wake up from sleep mode, churn a bit, and then go back into sleep mode. I write "seems" because its fans are very loud, so it's obvious when it's not asleep, but during the time it is "on", I can't see anything on the screen. I have researched the problem somewhat, and could only find similar issues; nothing identical. In those cases, it appeared that certain devices could be responsible. Nothing is plugged into my computer during this behavior, but I nonetheless disabled every device's permission to wake the computer through the device manager. This included disabling the magic packet wake for the network (despite its only having a wireless connection). Using "powercfg /lastwake" gives an empty wake history. But, I also went through all the tasks and checked if they would wake the computer. None appeared to. The problem persisted, so, after some more research, I found this, and executed it for all power schemes on the computer. The problem persists. System: OS: Windows 7 Professional CPU: Intel 990X GPU: NVIDIA GeForce 580M/12GB RAM Motherboard: Clevo X7200 Model: NP7282-S1 (Sager-built laptop)

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  • 10GE network: Is it still deadly expensive? Any options?

    - by BarsMonster
    Hi! I am building home cluster where I going to have about 16 nodes which can live with 1G ports, but I really want to have 10GE on file server & central node. It's all local, so no need for cabels longer than 3-5m. And ofcourse I want to spend as little money as possible (not going to spend more than whole cluster costs) :-) What are my options? 1) Legacy solution is to take some 24-48 port 1GE switch, and connect to file/central nodes via 4-8 aggregated links. This will work I guess, cost is very acceptable, but I am not sure if it's ok to use that much aggregated links. And ofcourse it would be hard to double bandwidth when needed... :-D 2) Switch with several 10GE uplink 'ports'. As far as I see, they all require modules which costs about 1000$, so I will need 4 10G modules, and 2 10GE cards... Smells like way more than 5000$+... 3) Connect file & central node via 2 10G cards directly, and put 4 quadport 1GE NICs on fileserver. I am saving on 2 10G modules and a switch, fileserver will have to do packet routing, but it's still gonna have alot of CPU's left :-) 4) Any other options? Infiniband? 5) Are MyriNet adaptors works fine? I guess there are no cheaper options? 6) Hmm... Scrap fileserver, put it all on central node and provide dedicated 1GE port for each of the nodes... This is sad...

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  • Wireless very slow on one laptop on network, all other machines normal?

    - by th3dude19
    My new laptop (Acer Aspire Timeine 3810TZ running Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit) is acting very strange on my wireless network. Below are the issues I'm noticing... The connection frequently drops. I see the icon change from 'full bars' to 'empty bars with yellow star (meaning no connection)' occasionally. Almost every website I visit (Firefox) hangs for a long time on 'Looking up www.amazon.com' for example. After a long pause, it finally starts loading the website. Neither of these problems exist on any other machines on my network. I also have a desktop running the same OS wirelessly and it works fine. I've run several Speedtest.net tests and the speeds are great (20MBit down/4 up). Results from pingtest.net are as follows: Line quality: D Ping: 46ms Jitter: 65ms Packet Loss: 9% These results are to a server that is less than 10 miles from my residence. The results on the other machines in my house are normal. Any suggestions? This is becoming very annoying as I purchased this machine primarily for browsing.

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  • Cisco 3560+ipservices -- IGMP snooping issue with TTL=1

    - by Jander
    I've got a C3560 with Enhanced (IPSERVICES) image, routing multicast between its VLANs with no external multicast router. It's serving a test environment where developers may generate multicast traffic on arbitrary addresses. Everything is working fine except when someone sends out multicast traffic with TTL=1, in which case the multicast packet suppression fails and the traffic is broadcast to all members of the VLAN. It looks to me like because the TTL is 1, the multicast routing subsystem doesn't see the packets, so it doesn't create a mroute table entry. If I send out packets with TTL=2 briefly, then switch to TTL=1 packets, they are filtered correctly until the mroute entry expires. My question: is there some trick to getting the switch to filter the TTL=1 packets, or am I out of luck? Below are the relevant parts of the config, with a representative VLAN interface. I can provide more info as needed. #show run ... ip routing ip multicast-routing distributed no ip igmp snooping report-suppression ! interface Vlan44 ip address 172.23.44.1 255.255.255.0 no ip proxy-arp ip pim passive ... #show ip igmp snooping vlan 44 Global IGMP Snooping configuration: ------------------------------------------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv3 snooping (minimal) : Enabled Report suppression : Disabled TCN solicit query : Disabled TCN flood query count : 2 Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 44: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv2 immediate leave : Disabled Multicast router learning mode : pim-dvmrp CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000

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  • Setting up a network where packets are traced

    - by Marcus
    My situation is the following: I have an internet connection, which is shared between people. More or less obviously, people is using it to download illegal stuff. Since I'm the owner of the connection, I want to avoid being sued. I don't want to prevent the people from doing the things they want, but I want to be legally safe. Now, I have relatively little competences in network administration, so I was wondering: is it possible to setup a network, where the source and destination of the packets are logged? I would use this to prove, in case of lawsuit, that the traffic was coming from a given machine. if the idea is feasible, is there any wireless router on which I can install linux, where I can install the packet sniffer? how much space could the logs take (containing only the timestamp/source/destination), per GB of traffic? a very rough estimation would be very helpful. if a machine on my network is sending bittorrent packets to a certain IP, would this log be able to reflect the time, source ip and destination ip? I assume that obviously the torrent data would be encrypted and un-decryptable. Am I missing something? Is there a better strategy? Any pointer to documentation would be helpful as well - in that case, I would use this as starting point.

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