I'm new to Hibernate, and while there are literally tons of examples to look at, there seems to be so much flexibility here that it's sometimes very hard to narrow all
the options down
the best way of doing things. I've been working on a project for a little while now, and despite reading through a lot of books, articles, and forums, I'm still left with a bit of a head scratcher. Any veteran advice would be very appreciated.
So, I have a model involving two classes with a one-to-many relationship from parent to child. Each class has a surrogate primary key and a uniquely constrained composite business key.
<class name="Container">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
<generator class="identity"/>
</id>
<properties name="containerBusinessKey" unique="
true" update="false">
<property name="name" not-null="
true"/>
<property name="owner" not-null="
true"/>
</properties>
<set name="items" inverse="
true" cascade="all-delete-orphan">
<key column="container" not-null="
true"/>
<one-to-many class="Item"/>
</set>
</class>
<class name="Item">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
<generator class="identity"/>
</id>
<properties name="itemBusinessKey" unique="
true" update="false">
<property name="type" not-null="
true"/>
<property name="color" not-null="
true"/>
</properties>
<many-to-one name="container" not-null="
true" update="false"
class="Container"/>
</class>
The beans behind these mappings are as boring as you can possibly imagine--nothing fancy going on. With that in mind, consider
the following code:
Container c = new Container("Things", "Me");
c.addItem(new Item("String", "Blue"));
c.addItem(new Item("Wax", "Red"));
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
session.saveOrUpdate(c);
t.commit();
Everything works fine
the first time, and both
the Container and its Items are persisted. If
the above code block is executed again, however, Hibernate throws a ConstraintViolationException--duplicate values for
the "name" and "owner" columns. Because
the new Container instance has a null identifier, Hibernate assumes it is an unsaved transient instance. This is expected but not desired. Since
the persistent and transient Container objects have
the same business key values, what we really want is to issue an update.
It is easy enough to convince Hibernate that our new Container instance is
the same as our old one. With a quick query we can get
the identifier of
the Container we'd like to update, and set our transient object's identifier to match.
Container c = new Container("Things", "Me");
c.addItem(new Item("String", "Blue"));
c.addItem(new Item("Wax", "Red"));
Query query = session.createSQLQuery("SELECT id FROM Container" +
"WHERE name = ? AND owner = ?");
query.setString(0, c.getName());
query.setString(1, c.getOwner());
BigInteger id = (BigInteger)query.uniqueResult();
if (id != null) {
c.setId(id.longValue());
}
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
session.saveOrUpdate(c);
t.commit();
This almost satisfies Hibernate, but because
the one-to-many relationship from Container to Item cascades,
the same ConstraintViolationException is also thrown for
the child Item objects.
My question is: what is
the best practice in this situation? It is highly recommended to use surrogate primary keys, and it is also recommended to use business key equality. When you put these two recommendations in to practice together, however, two of
the greatest conveniences of Hibernate--saveOrUpdate and cascading operations--seem to be rendered almost completely useless. As I see it, I have only two options:
Manually fetch and set
the identifier for each object in
the mapping. This clearly works, but for even a moderately sized schema this is a lot of extra work which it seems Hibernate could easily be doing.
Write a custom interceptor to fetch and set object identifiers on each operation. This looks cleaner than
the first option but is rather heavy-handed, and it seems wrong to me that you should be expected to write a plug-in which overrides Hibernate's default behavior for a mapping which follows
the recommended design.
Is there a better way? Am I making completely
the wrong assumptions? I'm hoping that I'm just missing something.
Thanks.
