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• ECS with Go - circular imports [migrated]

  - by Andreas

  I'm exploring both Go and Entity-Component-Systems. I understand how ECS works, and I'm trying to replicate what seems to be the go-to document of ECS, namely http://cowboyprogramming.com/2007/01/05/evolve-your-heirachy/ For performance, the document recommends to use static arrays of every component type. That is, not arrays of component interfaces (arrays of pointers). The problem with this in Go is circular imports. I have one package, ecs, which contains the definitions for Entity, Component and System types/interfaces as well as an EntityManager. Another package, ecs/components, contains the various components. Obviously, the ecs/components package depends on ecs. But, to declare arrays of specific components in EntityManager, ecs would depend on ecs/components, therefore creating a circular import. Is there any way of avoiding this? I am aware that normally a high level system should not depend on lower systems. I'm also want to point out that using an array of pointers is probably fast enough for my purposes, but I'm interested in possible workarounds (for future reference) Thank you for your help!

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• Multiplayer approach for tablets on wi-fi (FPS/TPS)? Server authority, etc

  - by Fraggle

  Looking for some guidance or what has worked well for others in implementing a multiplayer FPS/TPS type game on tablets (probably just 2-6 players at a time). The main issue being that tablets/phones are typically "less" connected than say a console or pc might be. And therefore, my thought is that to have complete Server authority of everything is not going to work. But maybe I'm off base on that. So I guess I'm struggling with what (if anything) should happen on a central server and what should happen locally. Or is centralized approach even needed? Some approaches I might do: Player movement : my thought is to control this locally (player-owner) and update server with positon (which then sends out to other clients). Use client side prediction for opponent players so that connection loss will not show a plane for example stop in mid air. Server will send update and try to smoothly correct an opponent player position to server updated one.But don't update owners position on owners device from server. Powerups (health kit/ammo/coins/etc) : need to see them disappear immediately, so do it locally. Add the health locally, but perhaps allow for server correction. If server doesn't see player near that powerup, reject the powerup and adjust server health for player. Fire weapons: Have to see it happen right away, so fire locally, create local bullet and send on its way. Send rpc to server so that this player on other clients also fires. Hit detection: Get's trickier. Make bullet/projectile disappear locally, and perhaps perform local hit animations (shaking, whatever). non-authoritative approach= take the damage locally and send rpc to server or others to update health and inform of hit. Authoritative approach-Don't take the damage, or adjust health. Server will do that if it detects a hit. Anyway that's my current thought stream. Let me know what you think of the above or what has worked for you.

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• Getting Center and Radius of Irregural Object

  - by Moaz ELdeen

  I have drawn an asteroid object manually , and would like to get its center/radius by a specific equation. I think I can get them by calculated and hard-coded values. The code to draw the asteroid: void Asteroid::Draw() { float ratio = app::getWindowWidth()/app::getWindowHeight(); gl::pushMatrices(); gl::translate(m_Pos*ratio); gl::scale(3.5*ratio,3.5*ratio,3.5*ratio); gl::color(ci::Color(1,1,1)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-15,0),Vec2f(-10,-5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-10,-5),Vec2f(-5,-5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-5,-5),Vec2f(-5,-8)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-5,-8),Vec2f(5,-8)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(5,-8),Vec2f(5,-5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(5,-5),Vec2f(10,-5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(10,-5),Vec2f(15,0)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(15,0),Vec2f(10,5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(10,5),Vec2f(-10,5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-10,5),Vec2f(-10,5)); gl::drawLine(Vec2f(-15,0),Vec2f(-10,5)); gl::popMatrices(); } According to the answer I have written that code to calculate the radius, is it correct or not ? cinder::Vec2f Asteroid::getCenter() { return ci::Vec2f(m_Pos.x, m_Pos.y); } double Asteroid::getRadius() { ci::Vec2f _vec = (getCenter()- Vec2f(15,5)); return _vec.length()*0.3f; }

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• C# Collision Math Help

  - by user36037

  I am making my own collision detection in MonoGame. I have a PolyLine class That has a property to return the normal of that PolyLine instance. I have a ConvexPolySprite class that has a List LineSegments. I hav a CircleSprite class that has a Center Property and a Radius Property. I am using a static class for the collision detection method. I am testing it on a single line segment. Vector2(200,0) = Vector2(300, 200) The problem is it detects the collision anywhere along the path of line out into space. I cannot figure out why. Thanks in advance; public class PolyLine { //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class Properties /// <summary> /// Property for the upper left-hand corner of the owner of this instance /// </summary> public Vector2 ParentPosition { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Relative start point of the line segment /// </summary> public Vector2 RelativeStartPoint { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Relative end point of the line segment /// </summary> public Vector2 RelativeEndPoint { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Property that gets the absolute position of the starting point of the line segment /// </summary> public Vector2 AbsoluteStartPoint { get { return ParentPosition + RelativeStartPoint; } }//end of AbsoluteStartPoint /// <summary> /// Gets the absolute position of the end point of the line segment /// </summary> public Vector2 AbsoluteEndPoint { get { return ParentPosition + RelativeEndPoint; } }//end of AbsoluteEndPoint public Vector2 NormalizedLeftNormal { get { Vector2 P = AbsoluteEndPoint - AbsoluteStartPoint; P.Normalize(); float x = P.X; float y = P.Y; return new Vector2(-y, x); } }//end of NormalizedLeftNormal //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class Constructors /// <summary> /// Sole ctor /// </summary> /// <param name="parentPosition"></param> /// <param name="relStart"></param> /// <param name="relEnd"></param> public PolyLine(Vector2 parentPosition, Vector2 relStart, Vector2 relEnd) { ParentPosition = parentPosition; RelativeEndPoint = relEnd; RelativeStartPoint = relStart; }//end of ctor }//end of PolyLine class public static bool Collided(CircleSprite circle, ConvexPolygonSprite poly) { var distance = Vector2.Dot(circle.Position - poly.LineSegments[0].AbsoluteEndPoint, poly.LineSegments[0].NormalizedLeftNormal) + circle.Radius; if (distance <= 0) { return false; } else { return true; } }//end of collided

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• How to load data for specific level at runtime?

  - by Siddharth

  I'm trying to create a game with many levels loaded from XML files. In my game I have many objects in each level. At present my game contains 20 levels, and I load all the textures at once on startup. But I think the correct way to do it is to only load textures used in the current level. I don't know how to do that. So please explain this by providing some example code. At present I create a class for each type of entity by extending my Sprite class. This subclass loads the appropriate image. I know this is not the best way to do things. Basically I want to know how to load large levels efficiently in Andengine. What is the proper method for loading textures, level data and background images from files when the level is run?

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• OpenGL VBOs are slower then glDrawArrays.

  - by Arelius

  So, this seems odd to me. I upload a large buffer of vertices, then every frame I call glBindbuffer and then the appropriate gl*Pointer functions with offsets into the buffer, then I use glDrawArrays to draw all of my triangles. I'm only drawing about 100K triangles, however I'm getting about 15FPS. This is where it gets weird, if I change it to not call glBindBuffer, then change the gl*Pointer calls to be actual pointers into the array I have in system memory, and then call glDrawArrays the same, my framerate jumps up to about 50FPS. Any idea what I weird thing I could be doing that would cause this? Did I maybe forget to call glEnable(GL_ALLOW_VBOS_TO_RUN_FAST) or something?

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• Restrict movement within a radius

  - by Phil

  I asked a similar question recently but now I think I know more about what I really want to know. I can answer my own question if I get to understand this bit. I have a situation where a sprite's center point needs to be constrained within a certain boundary in 2d space. The boundary is circular so the sprite is constrained within a radius. This radius is defined as a distance from the center of a certain point. I know the position of the center point and I can track the center position of the sprite. This is the code to detect the distance: float distance = Vector2.Distance(centerPosition, spritePosition)); if (distance > allowedDistance) { } The positions can be wherever on the grid, they are not described as in between -1 or 1. So basically the detecting code works, it only prints when the sprite is outside of it's boundary I just don't know what to do when it oversteps. Please explain any math used as I really want to understand what you're thinking to be able to elaborate on it myself.

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• How do I consolidate the differences between iOS and Android update loops?

  - by kkan

  I'm currently working on moving some Android-ndk code to the iPhone. From looking at some samples it seems that the main loop is handled for you and all you've got to do is override the render method on the view to handle the rendering. Then add a selector to handle the update methods. The render method itself looks like it's attached to the windows refresh. But in android I've got my own game loop that controls the rendering and updates using C++ time.h. Is it possible to implement the same here bypassing Apple's loop? I'd really like the keep the structures of the code similar.

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• Getting Started with Component Architecture: DI?

  - by ashes999

  I just moved away from MVC towards something more component-architecture-like. I have no concept of messages yet (it's rough prototype code), objects just get internal properties and values of other classes for now. That issue aside, it seems like this is turning into an aspect-oriented-programming challenge. I've noticed that all entities with, for example, a position component will have similar properties (get/set X/Y/Z, rotation, velocity). Is it a common practice, and/or good idea, to push these behind an interface and use dependency injection to inject a generic class (eg. PositionComponent) which already has all the boiler-plate code? (I'm sure the answer will affect the model I use for message/passing)

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• Why are my sprite sheet's frames not visible in Cocos Builder?

  - by Ramy Al Zuhouri

  I have created a sprite sheet with zwoptex. Then I just dragged the .plist and .png files to my Cocos Builder project. After this I wanted to take a sprite frame and set it to a sprite: But the sprite image is empty! At first I thought it was just empty in Cocos Builder, and that it must have been working correctly when imported to a project. But if I try to run that scene with CCBReader I still see an empty sprite. Why?

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• Swapping axis labels between 2D and 3D coordinates

  - by Will

  My game world is 3D. The map is only 2D, however. It is natural to think of the map as having an X and Y axis. And it is natural to think of the world has having an X, Y and Z axis, where Y is upwards. That is to say, X Y in 2D map coordinates is X Z in 3D coordinates. What conventions and approaches do you have to keeping things straight at a code level to make mapping between them natural? (Is Y usually upwards in 3D? Or do you have X and Z in map coordinates, or?)

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• Simple moving object jitters every couple of seconds [on hold]

  - by Liam

  I'm trying to get smooth movement in my game, right now every couple of seconds the moving square jitters. I'm using C++ with SDL2. I made a very simple project to test different methods so all that's happening is a box moves across the screen. Here's a pastebin of the code http://pastebin.com/7YxxSw0D Here's a link to a dropbox folder containing the 'game' https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0ygntl140qv8iv0/AABVuuk6khArOJmdBi1OaFlua?dl=0 Any input would be greatly appreciated, and let me know if you need any more info. Thanks!

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• Presenting game center leaderboard

  - by Coder404

  I have the following code: -(void)showLeaderboard { GKLeaderboardViewController *leaderboardController = [[GKLeaderboardViewController alloc] init]; if (leaderboardController != NULL) { leaderboardController.timeScope = GKLeaderboardTimeScopeAllTime; leaderboardController.leaderboardDelegate = self; [self presentModalViewController: leaderboardController animated: YES]; } [leaderboardController release]; } Which I am trying to use to make my leader-board pop up. The issue is cocos2d will not allow me to use the line: [self presentModalViewController: leaderboardController animated: YES]; How do I fix this? Thanks PS I am using cocos2d

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• Variable number of GUI Buttons

  - by Wakaka

  I have a generic HTML5 Canvas GUI Button class and a Scene class. The Scene class has a method called createButton(), which will create a new Button with onclick parameter and store it in a list of buttons. I call createButton() for all UI buttons when initializing the Scene. Because buttons can appear and disappear very often during rendering, Scene would first deactivate all buttons (temporarily remove their onclick, onmouseover etc property) before each render frame. During rendering, the renderer would then activate the required buttons for that frame. The problem is that part of the UI requires a variable number of buttons, and their onclick, onmouseover etc properties change frequently. An example is a buffs system. The UI will list all buffs as square sprites for the current unit selected, and mousing over each square will bring up a tooltip with some information on the buff. But the number of buffs is variable thus I won't know how many buttons to create at the start. What's the best way to solve this problem? P.S. My game is in Javascript, and I know I can use HTML buttons, but would like to make my game purely Canvas-based. Create buttons on-the-fly during rendering. Thus I will only have buttons when I require them. After the render frame these buttons would be useless and removed. Create a fixed set of buttons that I'm going to assume the number of buffs per unit won't exceed. During each render frame activate the buttons accordingly and set their onmouseover property. Assign a button to each Buff instance. This sounds wrong as the buff button is a part of the GUI which can only have one unit selected. Assigning a button to every single Buff in the game seems to be overkill. Also, I would need to change the button's position every render frame since its order in the unit's list of buffs matter. Any other solutions? I'm actually quite for idea (1) but am worried about the memory/time issues of creating a new Button() object every render frame. But this is in Javascript where object creation is oh-so-common ({} mainly) due to automatic garbage collection. What is your take on this? Thanks!

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• Why is this beat detection code failing to register some beats properly?

  - by Quincy

  I made this SoundAnalyzer class to detect beats in songs: class SoundAnalyzer { public SoundBuffer soundData; public Sound sound; public List<double> beatMarkers = new List<double>(); public SoundAnalyzer(string path) { soundData = new SoundBuffer(path); sound = new Sound(soundData); } // C = threshold, N = size of history buffer / 1024 B = bands public void PlaceBeatMarkers(float C, int N, int B) { List<double>[] instantEnergyList = new List<double>[B]; GetEnergyList(B, ref instantEnergyList); for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { PlaceMarkers(instantEnergyList[i], N, C); } beatMarkers.Sort(); } private short[] getRange(int begin, int end, short[] array) { short[] result = new short[end - begin]; for (int i = 0; i < end - begin; i++) { result[i] = array[begin + i]; } return result; } // get a array of with a list of energy for each band private void GetEnergyList(int B, ref List<double>[] instantEnergyList) { for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { instantEnergyList[i] = new List<double>(); } short[] samples = soundData.Samples; float timePerSample = 1 / (float)soundData.SampleRate; int sampleIndex = 0; int nextSamples = 1024; int samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; // for the whole song while (sampleIndex + nextSamples < samples.Length) { complex[] FFT = FastFourier.Calculate(getRange(sampleIndex, nextSamples + sampleIndex, samples)); // foreach band for (int i = 0; i < B; i++) { double energy = 0; for (int j = 0; j < samplesPerBand; j++) energy += FFT[i * samplesPerBand + j].GetMagnitude(); energy /= samplesPerBand; instantEnergyList[i].Add(energy); } if (sampleIndex + nextSamples >= samples.Length) nextSamples = samples.Length - sampleIndex - 1; sampleIndex += nextSamples; samplesPerBand = nextSamples / B; } } // place the actual markers private void PlaceMarkers(List<double> instantEnergyList, int N, float C) { double timePerSample = 1 / (double)soundData.SampleRate; int index = N; int numInBuffer = index; double historyBuffer = 0; //Fill the history buffer with n * instant energy for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[i]; } // If instantEnergy / samples in buffer < instantEnergy for the next sample then add beatmarker. while (index + 1 < instantEnergyList.Count) { if(instantEnergyList[index + 1] > (historyBuffer / numInBuffer) * C) beatMarkers.Add((index + 1) * 1024 * timePerSample); historyBuffer -= instantEnergyList[index - numInBuffer]; historyBuffer += instantEnergyList[index + 1]; index++; } } } For some reason it's only detecting beats from 637 sec to around 641 sec, and I have no idea why. I know the beats are being inserted from multiple bands since I am finding duplicates, and it seems that it's assigning a beat to each instant energy value in between those values. It's modeled after this: http://www.flipcode.com/misc/BeatDetectionAlgorithms.pdf So why won't the beats register properly?

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• Rendering projectiles

  - by Chris

  I'm working on a simple game that has the user control a space ship that shoots small circular projectiles. However, I'm not sure how to render these. Right now I know how to make a LPDIREC3DSURFACE for a sprite and render it onto a LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9, but that's only for a single sprite. I assume I don't need to constantly create new surfaces and devices. How should projectile generation/rendering be handled? Thanks in advance.

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• More efficient in range checking

  - by Mob

  I am going to use a specific example in my question, but overall it is pretty general. I use java and libgdx. I have a ship that moves through space. In space there is debris that the ship can tractor beam in and and harvest. Debris is stored in a list, and the object contains it own x and y values. So currently there is no way to to find the debris's location without first looking at the debris object. Now at any given time there can be a huge (1000+) amount of debris in space, and I figure that calculating the distance between the ship and every single piece of debris and comparing it to maximum tractor beam length is rather inefficient. I have thought of dividing space into sectors, and have each sector contain a list of every object in it. This way I could only check nearby sectors. However this essentially doubles memory for the list. (I would reference the same object so it wouldn't double overall. I am not CS major, but I doubt this would be hugely significant.) This also means anytime an object moves it has to calculate which sector it is in, again not a huge problem. I also don't know if I can use some sort of 2D MAP that uses x and y values as keys. But since I am using float locations this sounds more trouble than its worth. I am kind of new to programming games, and I imagined there would be some eloquent solution to this issue.

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• What is the difference between a View and a View Controller?

  - by Mark F

  from an iphone development perspective

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• Adding multiplayer to an HTML5 game

  - by espais

  I am interested in making a game that I currently have a co-op experience, however I'm curious as to the best method of implementing this in HTML5. I have made games before using straight C sockets, and also with the Net library for SDL. What are some of my best options for doing this in a canvas-based environment? At present, all I can come up with are either AJAX/database solutions (with a high refresh rate), or somehow implementing a PHP server that would funnel the data through sockets. The overall gameplay would be a 2.5D platformer-ish type of game, so both clients would need to be continually updated with player positions, enemy positions, projectiles, environmental data, etc.

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• Rotate to a set degree then stop Unity

  - by N0xus

  I'm trying to make an object rotate up on the Y axis 90 degrees, then stop. I've got the rotating up bit working fine, it's getting it to stop once it hits 90. Some of the things I've tried include the following: float i = rotateSpeed * Time.deltaTime; while ( x != 90 ) { transform.Rotate( i, 0, 0); } int x = 0; x++; if( x == 90 ) { transform.Rotate( 0, 0, 0 ); } For some reason I can't get this simple thing to work. What am I missing / not doing?

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• Which Kinect package for PC takes care of motion tracking too?

  - by Extrakun

  I am aware that there are opensource drivers for interfacing Kinect with the PC. My question is - the drivers at OpenKinect seems to provide only the images and depth data (from the reading of their wiki and API). It seems that you need to provide your own imaging solution. My question is - is there any all-in-one package, with samples/sources that not only grab images from Kinect, but also do the imaging/motion detection for you?

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• What libgdx project files can I ignore from version control?

  - by Zhen

  In an automatically created libgdx project, what files can I safely tell Git (or other revision control systems) to ignore? I'm considering these: *-android/.settings/ *-android/bin/ *-desktop/.settings/ *-desktop/bin/ *-html/.settings/ *-html/gwt-unitCache/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/classes/ *-html/war/WEB-INF/deploy/ *-html/war/assets/ *-html/war/ */.settings/ */bin/ Am I missing some? Is there a complete list somewhere?

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• After one has made many grid based puzzles how does one make then into a PDF ready for printing

  - by alan ross

  After one has generated many grid based puzzles like sudoku, kakuro or even plain crosswords and now one has to print them in a book. How does one make a pdf (book file) from them automatically. To explain the question better. One has the puzzle ready in computer format like ..35.6.89 for all nine rows. The dot being the empty cell. How does one convert then to a picture on a PDF page complete with box, automatically without doing them individually and then print a book from the pdf file. As can be seen there are other things also printed on the page all this is done automatically.

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• Alternatives to voxel-based terrain

  - by Neomex

  Are there any alternatives to voxel based terrains? Such terrain should be fully destructable, allow for arches, overhangs, preserve sharp features where needed and keep consistent topology. Maybe you can explain the problem that makes you ask this question? Voxel based terrain is basically just using a 3D grid of data to store data. There are lots of ways to render that data, but it doesn't get much simpler for storing it. – Byte56 Current isosurface extraction methods aren't most effective/bug-free. Cubical Marching Squares seem to solve most of the issues, however it is a relatively new method and there aren't too many resources about it. (I've found single university paper) Even if we stick to CMS, when we want to add multi-material support, we can either divide surface into multiple meshes, or pass a texture array or texture atlas to shaders, then we are limited to set amount of textures and additionally increase memory-usage alot.

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• 3D array in a 2D array

  - by Smallbro

  Currently I've been using a 3D array for my tiles in a 2D world but the 3D side comes in when moving down into caves and whatnot. Now this is not memory efficient and I switched over to a 2D array and can now have much larger maps. The only issue I'm having now is that it seems that my tiles cannot occupy the same space as a tile on the same z level. My current structure means that each block has its own z variable. This is what it used to look like: map.blockData[x][y][z] = new Block(); however now it works like this map.blockData[x][y] = new Block(z); I'm not sure why but if I decide to use the same space on say the floor below it wont allow me to. Does anyone have any ideas on how I can add a z-axis to my 2D array? I'm using java but I reckon the concept carries across different languages.

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