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• What are the typical methods used to scale up/out email storage servers?

  - by nareshov

  Hi, What I've tried: I have two email storage architectures. Old and new. Old: courier-imapds on several (18+) 1TB-storage servers. If one of them show signs of running out of disk space, we migrate a few email accounts to another server. the servers don't have replicas. no backups either. New: dovecot2 on a single huge server with 16TB (SATA) storage and a few SSDs we store fresh mails on the SSDs and run a doveadm purge to move mails older than a day to the SATA disks there is an identical server which has a max-15min-old rsync backup from the primary server higher-ups/management wanted to pack in as much storage as possible per server in order to minimise the cost of SSDs per server the rsync'ing is done because GlusterFS wasn't replicating well under that high small/random-IO. scaling out was expected to be done with provisioning another pair of such huge servers on facing disk-crunch issues like in the old architecture, manual moving of email accounts would be done. Concerns/doubts: I'm not convinced with the synchronously-replicated filesystem idea works well for heavy random/small-IO. GlusterFS isn't working for us yet, I'm not sure if there's another filesystem out there for this use case. The idea was to keep identical pairs and use DNS round-robin for email delivery and IMAP/POP3 access. And if one the servers went down for whatever reasons (planned/unplanned), we'd move the IP to the other server in the pair. In filesystems like Lustre, I get the advantage of a single namespace whereby I do not have to worry about manually migrating accounts around and updating MAILHOME paths and other metadata/data. Questions: What are the typical methods used to scale up/out with the traditional software (courier-imapd / dovecot)? Do traditional software that store on a locally mounted filesystem pose a roadblock to scale out with minimal "problems"? Does one have to re-write (parts of) these to work with an object-storage of some sort - such as OpenStack object storage?

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• How can I prevent a DDOS attack on Amazon EC2?

  - by cwd

  One of the servers I use is hosted on the Amazon EC2 cloud. Every few months we appear to have a DDOS attack on this sever. This slows the server down incredibly. After around 30 minutes, and sometimes a reboot later, everything is back to normal. Amazon has security groups and firewall, but what else should I have in place on an EC2 server to mitigate or prevent an attack? From similar questions I've learned: Limit the rate of requests/minute (or seconds) from a particular IP address via something like IP tables (or maybe UFW?) Have enough resources to survive such an attack - or - Possibly build the web application so it is elastic / has an elastic load balancer and can quickly scale up to meet such a high demand) If using mySql, set up mySql connections so that they run sequentially so that slow queries won't bog down the system What else am I missing? I would love information about specific tools and configuration options (again, using Linux here), and/or anything that is specific to Amazon EC2. ps: Notes about monitoring for DDOS would also be welcomed - perhaps with nagios? ;)

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• VM load and ping problems after replacing server motherboard

  - by Andre

  Recently, we had to replace the motherboard of one of our servers. The procedure was done by IBM as it had guarantee. The server runs ESXi 5.1, with several virtual machines, including our main mail server (Domino) and a file server. After the replacing the motherboard and staring the VMs, ESXi asked us if we had moved it or copied (different motherboard is like a different computer). We clicked the latter. We started each machine and after some basic reconfiguration, all of them were up. However, we have been having problems with the mail server, it has been acting really slow at times (this could be when it syncs with the secondary mail server) and we have been checking with Centreon (a Nagios frontend) that its CPU load has been a bit high at times and ping response too. There was a moment this morning in which I tried connecting via SSH console and it was really slow to show login and basic commands like ifconfig and top. This particular mail server is a CentOS 4.4.7 64-bit. The little configuring we had to do after restarting it was to configure the network connection as it was resolving through DHCP. Our mail software is Lotus Notes server 9. Do you know of any way in which this replacement may be causing these difficulties, and how to fix it? Thanks.

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• Find which files an apache process is writing to?

  - by Haluk

  We have this apache process which becomes io-bound time to time. Using atop, we can see it is a write operation. Using lsof -p <PID> we can see a list of files open by the httpd process. First we thought "log" files must be the problem. So we turned them off just to test. However write operations still continues. We will continue testing a few other things. For instance we use php session variables a lot. Maybe php session files are getting all the writing. But is there a way to quickly identify files which get written to by the httpd process? This way we can focus our efforts on those files. UPDATE: We used the strace command as suggested. Here are two lines from the output. write(23, "\27\0\0\0\3SET CHARACTER SET utf8", 27) = 27 write(23, "\17\0\0\0\3SET NAMES utf8", 19) = 19 We do not have a mysql process on this server. So is strace also showing what is being written to an ethernet port? UPDATE2: During high io load, the process which consumes most of the write resources gives the following output to strace -e trace=write -p <PID>: --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- write(9, "!", 1) = 1 write(19, "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0\r\nUser-Agent: Apache (internal dummy connection)\r\n\r\n", 70) = 70 However I cannot figure out where these are being written to.

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• Backtrack, Wi-Fi not working

  - by hradecek

  I've installed Backtrack 5R3 KDE, and I realized that my wireless is not working, but wired is working fine. Here's the lshw output: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 05 serial: 04:7d:7b:b7:46:f8 size: 100MB/s capacity: 100MB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw ip=192.168.2.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:42 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0404000-f0404fff memory:f0400000-f0403fff lspci output: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)

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• LAN Webserver not accessible through PPTP VPN

  - by Joe

  I have this LAN Network with 10 clients and one server. The server has 4 virtual machines and a BIND DNS Server. When the router assigns an IP through the DHCP , it also gives the ip of the DNS Server, to resolve internal domains. Everything apparently works fine, the clients being able to access the server's vm's resources, but I also have to create the possibility of remote access. I installed the PPTP VPN on the server, and the vpn clients would get the same ip address range as the router's dhcp is assigning. Apparently everything is fine here also, except the fact that when we connect through the vpn , we cannot access the webserver on port 80 ( the webserver being one of the server's VM ). The iptables on the webserver has been turned off for testing purposes and the router's firewall is directing all the external traffic to the server. Can somebody suggest a solution to this? Extra details : VPN Server : PPTP Server Centos 6.3 x64 VPN Client : Windows 7 default PPTP VPN Connection The client is successfully connected to the server, everything works ( FTP/MYSQL/SSH/DNS ) , except the fact that when I try to access the webserver IP on the browser, it won't work.Pinging it works perfectly.

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• VLC Crash when playing MKV files in Windows 7

  - by Phelios

  I'm not sure if the mkv file is corrupted, but when it is opened with VLC player, VLC loads up and displays nothing. Can't even close VLC after that. And also, VLC is running with 50% of the CPU. I have to use End Process to kill it. How do I know if the file is corrupted? How do I solve this? info from mediainfo Format : Matroska File size : 69.4 MiB Duration : 21mn 48s Overall bit rate : 445 Kbps Encoded date : UTC 2009-11-20 18:33:49 Writing application : mkvmerge v2.9.7 ('Tenderness') built on Jul 1 2009 18:43:35 Writing library : libebml v0.7.7 + libmatroska v0.8.1 Video ID : 1 Format : AVC Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec Format profile : [email protected] Format settings, CABAC : Yes Format settings, ReFrames : 2 frames Format settings, GOP : N=1 Codec ID : V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC Duration : 21mn 48s Width : 640 pixels Height : 352 pixels Display aspect ratio : 16:9 Frame rate : 23.976 fps Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 8 bits Scan type : Progressive Audio ID : 2 Format : AAC Format/Info : Advanced Audio Codec Format profile : HE-AAC / LC Codec ID : A_AAC Duration : 21mn 48s Channel(s) : 2 channels Channel positions : Front: L R Sampling rate : 48.0 KHz / 24.0 KHz Compression mode : Lossy

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• New to server admin, Diagnosing Memory and CPU issues on DV

  - by G Thompson

  Sorry for my ignorance and lack of knowledge. I'm a PHP/Front-end developer just now venturing into very minor server management/diagnostics. I have a Media Temple DV account. I have 2 sites that run a PHP script through a subscription service to an API. Basically API hits site with said script. Script runs, gathers data from api, saves data to SQL database. I noticed that these sites seemed to causing memory overages on my server (not sure why). So I temporarily disabled them. The memory overage alerts stopped but my CPU still sits really high, like at 115% and above. I'm trying to diagnos this with tutorials and resources but just can't seem to find a solution. I'll attach screenshots(screenshots are without the PHP scripts I assume are responsible for the memory issues) I'm assuming are important to the diagnosis, but if anyone can point me in the right direction to start A. figuring out if and why the PHP script may be causing memory overages and B. Why my CPU is always over 100%. Thanks guys! Links to screen shots... can't post with low points. http://i.stack.imgur.com/A64k4.png http://i.stack.imgur.com/qm1rV.png

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• What is best configuration settings for Wordpress and MySQL on Win2008 + IIS7 stack?

  - by holiveira

  I currently have four blogs that uses Wordpress running on a shared hosting company. This blogs have a considerable amount of visits and I'm constantly receiving warnings from the hosting company saying that I'm consuming too much server CPU. Considering the fact that I have a dedicated server in another company with plenty of idle resources (it has a quad core Xeon 2.5GHz and 8GB of Ram and run on Win2008) I'm planning to move the blogs to this server in order to have some more freedom. I'm currently using this server to host some web applications using ASP.Net and SQL Express. I've installed a blog to test and it worked fine, but some issues appeared and raised some questions in my mind: How to properly set the permissions in the folders used by wordpress plugins, I mean, what permissions should I set for the IIS_User in some folders so that the plugins works correctly? What's the best caching plugin to use considering this is a Window Server? In the previous hosting company I used the WPSuperCache, but it was a Linux Stack. Or should I ignore the caching plugins and use the Dynamic Caching Feature of IIS7? How can I optmize the MySQL server running in this server (specially the settings regarding memory and caching) How can I protect the admin folders against hacker attacks? I know some people will advice me not to run Wordpress in a Windows stack, but that's my only choice. I don't even know were to start managing and LAMP stack, don't have the time to do so nor the money to rent another server.

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• Centralized backup method recommendation for SMEs with various OSes

  - by Akinator

  Hi I was wondering what in your opinion is the "best" method for having "everything" backed-up in the following situation. We are a SMEs with 10 computers in total. Three of those computers are MACs The rest are windows (1 vista, 4 win7 and 2 XPs) I'm very open to what the method should be but you should also consider the follwing: Very limited resources Quite "small" bandwidth (4 MBs for all (download) 0.4 MBs (upload, yep, thats it)- though this might get, a little bit better) One of the main thing to back up would be the mails, considerations: All windows computers use outlook, mainly 2003 There is one mac that uses outlook too (for mac of course - not 2011 yet) We also have to backup the files: Not a huge amount Very few very big files Very organizes (by machine) What I would like is to hear your opinions as to which would be the best method (or combination of methods - preferably one of course) considering. We are not sure what do we need and I'm open to suggestions, though an online (cloud based applications) would be great, remember the the bandwidth is unbearable. Last think to consider, it that we would like to do weekly updates (unless the method is very easy of course). Thanks in advance!! I tried to be as specific as possible, but if anything is needed I'll gladly update, please ask for any clarification needed! Please avoid any answers like upgrade all to windows 7 and throw away your macs :) our's may not be an ideal situation, but it is what it is, and right now, it would be impossible for us to change it for a lot of circumstances.

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• Out of memory errors but not actually out of memory...

  - by commradepolski

  So, myself and my fellow support techs have been fighting with this issue and we still dont know what the problem is. Lets start off with the system specs: Windows XP 32 bit Corporate (SP2 and SP3) Intel D975XBX2 Mobo 4gb of ram Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 ATI Radeon HD 3600 - 512mb After a few hours of working on the machine, the end user will begin to see the following symptoms: Out of memory messages Title bars and menus dont draw in properly Problems accessing network resources Problems opening up documents such as MSWord and MSPowerpoint and text files Problems opening up explorer windows General instability We have looked at task manager while this issue was occurring, and all indicators, like PF usage, threads, handles, etc. are normal. We have been having trouble pinpointing the root cause of this issue. It is also not situated with one user, it affects 8-10. So far we have tried: Resetting CMOS (Waiting to see results) Replacing video card (didnt help) Windows updates (didnt help) Updating network drivers (didnt help) Switching user from 1gbps to 100mbps network connection (awaiting results) Swapping the affected user's hardware (waiting for results) Increasing desktop heap size (helped for a bit but then the issue became more frequent) Applying the /3 switch to XP (didnt help) Increasing and decreasing and setting PF to system managed state (didnt help) We did have a power outage at the office a couple weeks ago, and all these issues became more frequent. Prior to the power outage it may take a week or so for the users to experience the issues but since the power outage it takes 3-4 hours or less. We havent had reports of the above issues causing BSODs, although that would be easier to diagnose :). Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Switched to new router and now experiencing lag?

  - by Mr_CryptoPrime

  I switched from a dynex-802.11b/g to a Netgear-802.11b/g/n just yesterday. My router is down stairs because my phoneline upstairs is retarded....but my PS3 is still upstairs (SOCOM: Confrontation is game I am experiencing issues). I have done everything I can to make sure the connection is solid and have checked the status and it has been as high as 80% and usually lingers at about 60%. I thought about upgrading my bandwidth from 1.5mbs to 7mbs, but I am guessing something is wrong if it worked fine before? Now the game seems more laggy and my voice chat is choppy. Others seem to receive my voice data fine because I can hear my own feedback clearly from other players (if you are in close proximity to another player and speak and there volume is loud enough sometimes you can hear yourself). I wonder if I port forward or setup DMZ then it will be fixed, but I am not sure and don't know quite how to do it. Has anyone else ever experienced this when switching routers? What did you do to fix it? Thanks!

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• Creating a Logical network diagram

  - by user273284

  Im a student and I have been assigned the task of creating a logical network diagram for the following scenario There are 2 buildings, the first is the head office and the second is the branch. The data centre is in the head office, it contains domain controller, mail server, file server and a web server. it provides wired and wireless access to the staff. the branch building is new and it does not have a network. The two buildings must be connected using a VPN connection. The branch building will not have any servers but just network devices that will provide the connectivity, the users in the branch building will be connected to the head office over the VPN. I had created a diagram based on this scenario, but my teacher rejected it saying that it does not follow Cisco hierarchical Model and the servers were not placed correctly in the diagram. I just wanted some help in this matter so that I Can create my network diagram correctly. If anyone could upload a picture of how the logical diagram should be for this scenario will be helpful, any other resources would also be great.

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• I need to build a mini computer lab with 6 PCs

  - by chiurox

  Hello everyone, This weekend I need to build a mini computer lab with 5-6 PCs. The purpose is for a small computer class that will be taking place. They're mostly going to be doing office and daily kind of stuff, so nothing high performance. However, I hope it will last at least for 2 more years. I already have some parts for 2 PCs, one is a P4 3.0 and another is Celeron 2.4GHz, both socket 478. For the other 4 PCs, I'm wondering if I should buy individual parts and put it all together or get workstations like those Dell Optiplex with P4s. To put things into perspective, I am not currently in the US. I'm in South America and prices here are ridiculously. Another really important thing is that I need to share an internet connection between a total of 8 PCs at this place. Right now I only have a crappy wireless router, should I get another one? Or go with switch hub? I'm not experienced in this matter. Thanks guys!

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• Linux iptables / conntrack performance issue

  - by tim

  I have a test-setup in the lab with 4 machines: 2 old P4 machines (t1, t2) 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t3) Intel e1000 1 Xeon 5420 DP 2.5 GHz 8 GB RAM (t4) Intel e1000 to test linux firewall performance since we got bitten by a number of syn-flood attacks in the last months. All machines run Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. t1, t2, t3 are interconnected through an 1GB/s switch, t4 is connected to t3 via an extra interface. So t3 simulates the firewall, t4 is the target, t1,t2 play the attackers generating a packetstorm thorugh (192.168.4.199 is t4): hping3 -I eth1 --rand-source --syn --flood 192.168.4.199 -p 80 t4 drops all incoming packets to avoid confusion with gateways, performance issues of t4 etc. I watch the packet stats in iptraf. I have configured the firewall (t3) as follows: stock 3.2.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP kernel rhash_entries=33554432 as kernel parameter sysctl as follows: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_elasticity = 2 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.route.gc_interval = 5 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv4.route.gc_thresh = 2000000 net.ipv4.route.max_size = 20000000 (I have tweaked a lot to keep t3 running when t1+t2 are sending as many packets as possible). The result of this efforts are somewhat odd: t1+t2 manage to send each about 200k packets/s. t4 in the best case sees aroung 200k in total so half of the packets are lost. t3 is nearly unusable on console though packets are flowing through it (high numbers of soft-irqs) the route cache garbage collector is no way near to being predictable and in the default setting overwhelmed by very few packets/s (<50k packets/s) activating stateful iptables rules makes the packet rate arriving on t4 drop to around 100k packets/s, efectively losing more than 75% of the packets And this - here is my main concern - with two old P4 machines sending as many packets as they can - which means nearly everyone on the net should be capable of this. So here goes my question: Did I overlook some importand point in the config or in my test setup? Are there any alternatives for building firewall system especially on smp systems?

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• ASA access lists and Egress Filtering

  - by Nate

  Hello. I'm trying to learn how to use a cisco ASA firewall, and I don't really know what I'm doing. I'm trying to set up some egress filtering, with the goal of allowing only the minimal amount of traffic out of the network, even if it originated from within the inside interface. In other words, I'm trying to set up dmz_in and inside_in ACLs as if the inside interface is not too trustworthy. I haven't fully grasped all the concepts yet, so I have a few issues. Assume that we're working with three interfaces: inside, outside, and DMZ. Let's say I have a server (X.Y.Z.1) that has to respond to PING, HTTP, SSH, FTP, MySQL, and SMTP. My ACL looks something like this: access-list outside_in extended permit icmp any host X.Y.Z.1 echo-reply access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq www access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ssh access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp-data established access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq 3306 access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq smtp and I apply it like this: access-group outside_in in interface outside My question is, what can I do for egress filtering? I want to only allow the minimal amount of traffic out. Do I just "reverse" the rules (i.e. the smtp rule becomes access-list inside_out extended permit tcp host X.Y.Z.1 any eq smtp ) and call it a day, or can I further cull my options? What can I safely block? Furthermore, when doing egress filtering, is it enough to apply "inverted" rules to the outside interface, or should I also look into making dmz_in and inside_in acls? I've heard the term "egress filtering" thrown around a lot, but I don't really know what I'm doing. Any pointers towards good resources and reading would also be helpful, most of the ones I've found presume that I know a lot more than I do.

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• MySQL Memory Limit Windows Server 2003

  - by Matt

  I am running MySQL 5.0.51a on Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition on an HP DL580 G4 with 3GB installed. One of my database tables has grown to 5.3 GB with an index file of 2.5 GB, which I believe is causing MySQL to be slow due to having to constantly load and unload the index file when updates are made to the table. The server itself seems to be performing OK because MySQL is only using about 500MB of memory (there are other apps running on the system, but MySQL uses the most memory). The table is fairly active with new records getting adding all during day but no deletes, ever. The MySQL server has up to 600 connections allowed, but only small number (10 or 20) would actually be writing to this table. I increased the memory limits in MySQL but since the max connections is so high I don't think I can give each connection 1GB without risking a problem. Is there some tuning that would let just certain connections get a lot of memory? So I have started to look for alternatives to avert the crisis I know is coming soon. Some of the options I have: Upgrade to Server 2003 Enterprise to install 64GB of memory. Question: would 32 bit MySQL be able to access more than 2GB? Would that be 2GB per thread? That would still be smaller than the index table size so it might not solve the problem completely, but it would be better than now. Upgrade to Server 200x 64 bit and MySQL 64 bit. Switch to a *nix 64 bit server. If anybody has suggestions for things to do in the meantime, opinions on which way to go, or other things that I have overlooked I would appreciate the help. Thanks

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• apache chokes after 300 connections

  - by john titus

  We have an apache webserver in front of Tomcat hosted on EC2, instance type is extra large with 34GB memory. Our application deals with lot of external webservices and we have a very lousy external webservice which takes almost 300 seconds to respond to requests during peak hours. During peak hours the server chokes at just about 300 httpd processes. ps -ef | grep httpd | wc -l =300 I have googled and found numerous suggestions but nothing seems to work.. following are some configuration i have done which are directly taken from online resources. I have increased the limits of max connection and max clients in both apache and tomcat. here are the configuration details: //apache <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 100 MinSpareServers 10 MaxSpareServers 10 ServerLimit 50000 MaxClients 50000 MaxRequestsPerChild 2000 </IfModule> //tomcat <Connector port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" connectionTimeout="600000" redirectPort="8443" enableLookups="false" maxThreads="1500" compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,application/x-javascript,text/vnd.wap.wml,text/vnd.wap.wmlscript,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml-dtd,application/xslt+xml" compression="on"/> //Sysctl.conf net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1 fs.file-max = 5049800 vm.min_free_kbytes = 204800 vm.page-cluster = 20 vm.swappiness = 90 net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337=1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000 net.core.somaxconn = 1024 I have been trying numerous suggestions but in vain.. how to fix this? I'm sure m2xlarge server should serve more requests than 300, probably i might be going wrong with my configuration.. The server chokes only during peak hours and when there are 300 concurrent requests waiting for the [300 second delayed] webservice to respond. Please help..

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• Are there any other causes of this error that are NOT related to initial setup?

  - by LordScree

  I'm trying to diagnose an issue at a customer site. They are receiving the following error: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server I've seen this a few times, but only during the initial setup - it's often caused by one of the following: The database server is turned off The network connection between the database server and the application is closed or somehow blocked (e.g. a firewall) The SQL Server instance is not set up to receive remote connections from the application server (e.g. TCP is turned off, remote connections are disabled, or the "SQL Server Browser" service is stopped/disabled) However, if I assume that no configuration changes have been made, I'm trying to postulate on what the reason might be for getting this error at a random point after the initial setup. My initial thought is: SQL Server machine has run out of resources (e.g. RAM) and is unable to accept new requests from the application server Is this a valid theory? What other possible causes are there of this error that are not related to the initial setup of the server / application connection? Or is it simply impossible that this error could occur without a configuration change having been made (either on the SQL Server side, application side, or somewhere in-between (network))? NOTE: I believe this question differs from the plethora of questions related to this error message because the application and server have been talking to each other quite happily until now (most, if not all, other questions seem to relate to initial setup).

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• connections in FIN_WAIT and CLOSE_WAIT state

  - by Raj

  I would like to elaborate the setup so You guys can understand the question and answer more accurately. I have HAProxy as load-balancer, 4 webservers (apache 2.2.3) and one database server (MySQL 5). I am monitoring these servers by nagios. I have disabled the keepalive on apache as we have only 8GB of memory. Now what happens whenever I receive alerts for high memory and cpu utilization, I have observed that the connections from apache to database server hang in established mode (keepalive with timeout value of 7200) and at other side means connections between haproxy and apache shows status as FIN_WAIT on haproxy server and CLOSE_WAIT at apache side. I also see the huge memory swapping and apache taking the most of the memory. I did strace on apache process and did not find any information. strace gets attached to apache process but did not produce any output. The processlist on Mysql server show s those processes in sleep mode. The application on webserver is Magento a php application. if you need further information please let me know. Thanks.

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• How to set an executable white list?

  - by izabera

  Under Linux, is it possible to set a white-list of executables for a certain group of users? I need them to be unable to use, for example, make, gcc and executables on removable disks. How can this be done? Edit, let me explain better. I'm dealing with a high school IT system, young geeks that (during the lessons) want to play, surf the net, damage those computer however they can. The major step to achieve this goal was to remove the system they're familiar with and install Ubuntu in all the computers. This actually works quite well, but recent events proved that this is not enough. I want to allow them to execute certain safe programs, like Open Office, and to deny any other program, whether it is preinstalled software, something they carry in usb drives, a downloaded program or a script they program on site. It's possible to remove the 'x' permission on any file on the pc, but of course it would be impractical. Furthermore, they would be able to run anything they download. I thought the best solution would be to make a white-list of safe programs and to deny anything else, but I don't really know how to do it. Any idea is helpful.

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• Sound doesn't work anymore after replacing RAM

  - by thejh

  Hello, today, I replaced one old RAM module with two newer, bigger ones, but now, the sound doesn't seem to work anymore. Already ran alsaconf and it didn't help. Output of lspci for the audio device: 00:07.0 Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP67 High Definition Audio (rev a1) Subsystem: Giga-byte Technology Device a002 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 (500ns min, 1250ns max) Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 21 Region 0: Memory at f5100000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2 Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+) Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME- Capabilities: [50] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask+ 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000 Masking: 00000000 Pending: 00000000 Capabilities: [6c] HyperTransport: MSI Mapping Enable+ Fixed+ Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel The audio device is onboard and has six configurable outputs, two or so are also capable of being an input (if I remember it correctly), but I don't know how to control it under linux. Does somebody know how/whether replacing the RAM could be related to my problem and/or how to fix it?

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• 3dmark score abnormal

  - by Sean

  I just bought a new laptop. It is core i7 3610QM.(Ivy bridge, 4 core plus hyperthreading), 8G ram, nvidia GT 610M 2GB. The OS is Win7 64bit. I ran 3dmark 11, but the score is frustrating. For 1280*720, the score is P730. It is too low right? I searched online, the score should at least above 1000. Am I right? I never use this software before. I know nvidia has optimus, so I made the laptop in high performance state and white-listed the 3dmark program. But there is no help. I am guessing 3dmark is using i7's graphic module. It cannot transform to nvidia. In the running detail of 3dmark, the graphic card cannot be identified(The row remain blank). Can anybody tell me is this the normal case? If not, can I use some other software to test if my nvidia card is working fine? If this nvidia card cannot work, I will return the new laptop asap. Thanks.

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• Is my "Generic" USB Flash Drive broken?

  - by Jesse J.

  So here is the situation. I find myself technological knowledgeable about many things ( I love to code, whether it's websites, C#, C++ or so on). However: My 2 toddlers (my wife actually) bought me a "Generic" 128 GB USB Storage Device (Usb Flash Drive) for Father's Day. I thought awesome at first..... WRONG! Nothing but problems with it. 3-4mb/s MAX transfer speed. I can bear with it. BUT! When I went to reformat my computer I transferred my save files from my games over to the stick and then the USB Stick managed to become corrupted. Not just a simple format would work either. It's screwed. I tried to use (Manually changed usb drive letter troubleshooting it to X) "chmod X: /X /F /R" with administrator rights, I did this after a long session to make it work with no errors (had to delete the log) and I finally recovered the files, however when I go to use it (transfer to or from) it transfers a couple kb to the stick or from it and then freezes, It says (Windows 7): Name: From: Folder (X:\File\Location) To: Folder C:\Users\Username\Desktop) Items Remaining: 0 (0 bytes) Speed: 0 bytes/second It does this forever... and ever... and ever... It transfered 3 files atleast, and then stopped. This is a new USB Stick bought from a "High" reputation company on eBay. Is the USB Stick screwed?

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• Why am I unable to mount my USB drive (unknown partition table)?

  - by Pat

  I'm a real newbie to linux. Anyway the problem is that my USB doesn't get recognized anymore which is really annoying because I need information from it. I've read like a zillion threads how to manually mount it but I really can't it to work. I hope it's just some easy, stupid problem where any of you could help me out quickly.. Here is the syslog: kernel: [ 6872.420125] usb 2-2: new high-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 11: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-2" kernel: [ 6872.556295] scsi8 : usb-storage 2-2:1.0 mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 11 was not an MTP device kernel: [ 6873.558081] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Cruzer 8.01 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS kernel: [ 6873.559964] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 kernel: [ 6873.562833] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] 15682559 512-byte logical blocks: (8.02 GB/7.47 GiB) kernel: [ 6873.564867] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off kernel: [ 6873.564878] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08 kernel: [ 6873.565485] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.565495] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.568377] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.568387] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.574330] sdc: unknown partition table kernel: [ 6873.576853] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present kernel: [ 6873.576863] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through kernel: [ 6873.576871] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk Thanks in advance

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