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  • How can I generate a view or projection matrix for OpenGL 3.+

    - by Ken
    I'm transitioning from OpenGL 2 to OpenGL 3.+ and to GLSL 1.5. I'm trying to avoid using the deprecated features. My question how do we now generate the view or projection matrix. I was using the matrix stack to calculate the projection matrix for me; GLfloat ptr[16]; gluPerspective(...); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, ptr); //then pass ptr via a uniform to the shader But obviously the matrix stack is deprecated. So this approach is not the best an option going forward. I have the 'Red Book', 7th ed, which covers 3.0 & 3.1 and it still uses the deprecated matrix functions in it's examples. I could write some utility-code myself to generate the matrices. But I don't want to re-invent this particular wheel, especially when this functionality is required for every 3D graphics program. What is the accepted way to generate world,view & projection matrices for OpenGL? Is there an emerging 'standard' library for this? Or is there some other hidden (to me) functionality in OpenGL/GLSL which I have overlooked?

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  • Arrive steering behavior

    - by dbostream
    I bought a book called Programming game AI by example and I am trying to implement the arrive steering behavior. The problem I am having is that my objects oscillate around the target position; after oscillating less and less for awhile they finally come to a stop at the target position. Does anyone have any idea why this oscillating behavior occur? Since the examples accompanying the book are written in C++ I had to rewrite the code into C#. Below is the relevant parts of the steering behavior: private enum Deceleration { Fast = 1, Normal = 2, Slow = 3 } public MovingEntity Entity { get; private set; } public Vector2 SteeringForce { get; private set; } public Vector2 Target { get; set; } public Vector2 Calculate() { SteeringForce.Zero(); SteeringForce = SumForces(); SteeringForce.Truncate(Entity.MaxForce); return SteeringForce; } private Vector2 SumForces() { Vector2 force = new Vector2(); if (Activated(BehaviorTypes.Arrive)) { force += Arrive(Target, Deceleration.Slow); if (!AccumulateForce(force)) return SteeringForce; } return SteeringForce; } private Vector2 Arrive(Vector2 target, Deceleration deceleration) { Vector2 toTarget = target - Entity.Position; double distance = toTarget.Length(); if (distance > 0) { //because Deceleration is enumerated as an int, this value is required //to provide fine tweaking of the deceleration.. double decelerationTweaker = 0.3; double speed = distance / ((double)deceleration * decelerationTweaker); speed = Math.Min(speed, Entity.MaxSpeed); Vector2 desiredVelocity = toTarget * speed / distance; return desiredVelocity - Entity.Velocity; } return new Vector2(); } private bool AccumulateForce(Vector2 forceToAdd) { double magnitudeRemaining = Entity.MaxForce - SteeringForce.Length(); if (magnitudeRemaining <= 0) return false; double magnitudeToAdd = forceToAdd.Length(); if (magnitudeToAdd > magnitudeRemaining) magnitudeToAdd = magnitudeRemaining; SteeringForce += Vector2.NormalizeRet(forceToAdd) * magnitudeToAdd; return true; } This is the update method of my objects: public void Update(double deltaTime) { Vector2 steeringForce = Steering.Calculate(); Vector2 acceleration = steeringForce / Mass; Velocity = Velocity + acceleration * deltaTime; Velocity.Truncate(MaxSpeed); Position = Position + Velocity * deltaTime; } If you want to see the problem with your own eyes you can download a minimal example here. Thanks in advance.

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  • JMonkey Engine (JME) load Blender scene with textures?

    - by leigero
    I am having the hardest time trying to accomplish the simplest task. I have created a floor and 4 walls (not that complicated) in Blender. I added a basic material and cloud texture so they have something to look at other than gray. When I import them into JMonkey they show up as solid white objects with no shading or depth. White silhouettes. I thought this may be a lighting issue, but I have ambient light added to the scene. I can remove that light or adjust its intensity and it has no affect on the scene. I exported all Blender files into OgreXML format, then converted them to .j3o format in JMonkey. I renamed the textures to match their corresponding mesh and this didn't do anything. Does anybody know how to create a flat object and put it into JMonkey with a texture? This sounds simple and there is absolutely no information on this. This should be step 1!

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  • Simultaneous AI in turn based games

    - by Eduard Strehlau
    I want to hack together a roguelike. Now I thought about entity and world representation and got to a quite big problem. If you want all the AI to act simultaneously you would normally(in cellular automa for examble) just copy the cell buffer and let all action of indiviual cells depend on the copy. Actions which are not valid anymore after some cell before the cell you are currently operating on changed the original enviourment(blocking the path) are just ignored or reapplied with the "current"(between turns) environment. After all cells have acted you copy the current map to the buffer again. Now for an environment with complex AI and big(datawise) entities the copying would take too long. So I thought you could put every action and entity makes into a que(make no changes to the environment) and execute the whole que after everyone took their move. Every interaction on this que are realy interacting entities, so if a entity tries to attack another entity it sends a message to it, the consequences of the attack would be visible next turn, either by just examining the entity or asking the entity for data. This would remove problems like what happens if an entity dies middle in the cue but got actions or is messaged later on(all messages would go to null, and the messages from the entity would either just be sent or deleted(haven't decided yet) But what would happen if a monster spawns a fireball which by itself tracks the player(in the same turn). Should I add the fireball to the enviourment beforehand, so make a change to the environment before executing the action list or just add the ball to the "need updated" list as a special case so it doesn't exist in the environment and still operates on it, spawing after evaluating the action list? Are there any solutions or papers on this subject which I can take a look at? EDIT: I don't need information on writing a roguelike I need information on turn based ai in respective to a complex enviourment.

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  • How can I implement 2D cel shading in XNA?

    - by Artii
    So I was just wondering on how to give a scene I am rendering a hand drawn look (like say Crayon Physics). I don't really want to preprocess the sprites and was thinking of using a shader. Cel shading supplies the effect I want to achieve, but I am only aware of the 3D instances for it. So I wanted to ask if anyone knew a way to get this effect in 2D, or if cel shading would work just as fine on 2D scenes?

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  • ray collision with rectangle and floating point accuracy

    - by phq
    I'm trying to solve a problem with a ray bouncing on a box. Actually it is a sphere but for simplicity the box dimensions are expanded by the sphere radius when doing the collision test making the sphere a single ray. It is done by projecting the ray onto all faces of the box and pick the one that is closest. However because I'm using floating point variables I fear that the projected point onto the surface might be interpreted as being below in the next iteration, also I will later allow the sphere to move which might make that scenario more likely. Also the bounce coefficient might be as low as zero, making the sphere continue along the surface. So my naive solution is to project not only forwards but backwards to catch those cases. That is where I got into problems shown in the figure: In the first iteration the first black arrow is calculated and we end up at a point on the surface of the box. In the second iteration the "back projection" hits the other surface making the second black arrow bounce on the wrong surface. If there are several boxes close to each other this has further consequences making the sphere fall through them all. So my main question is how to handle possible floating point accuracy when placing the sphere on the box surface so it does not fall through. In writing this question I got the idea to have a threshold to only accept back projections a certain amount much smaller than the box but larger than the possible accuracy limitation, this would only cause the "false" back projection when the sphere hit the box on an edge which would appear naturally. To clarify my original approach, the arrows shown in the image is not only the path the sphere travels but is also representing a single time step in the simulation. In reality the time step is much smaller about 0.05 of the box size. The path traveled is projected onto possible sides to avoid traveling past a thinner object at higher speeds. In normal situations the floating point accuracy is not an issue but there are two situations where I have the concern. When the new position at the end of the time step is located very close to the surface, very unlikely though. When using a bounce factor of 0, here it happens every time the sphere hit a box. To add some loss of accuracy, the motivation for my concern, is that the sphere and box are in different coordinate systems and thus the sphere location is transformed for every test. This last one is why I'm not willing to stand on luck that one floating point value lying on top of the box always will be interpreted the same. I did not know voronoi regions by name, but looking at it I'm not sure how it would be used in a projection scenario that I'm using here.

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  • "Unable to create OpenGL 3.3 context (flags 0, profile 1)"

    - by Tsvetan
    Trying to run any of the well-known McKesson's tutorials on a friend's laptop results in the aforementioned exception. I read that in order to run applications which use OpenGL 3.3 you must at least have an ATI HD or Nvidia 8xxx GPU series. He has an ATI HD class graphics processor which eliminates (maybe) this issue. Also, I read that this error may result in having old drivers. He updated his drivers but that didn't solve the problem. The tutorials are built as said in the book introduction and glsdk is installed. If more information is needed, say so and I will provide it. What are the other reasons for this kind of exception? And how can I fix them?

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  • What could cause a pixel shader to paint outside the lines of the vertex shader output?

    - by Rei Miyasaka
    From what I understand, the pixels that a pixel shader operates on are specified implicitly by the SV_POSITION output (in DirectX) of the vertex shader. What then could cause a pixel shader to render in the middle of nowhere? I used the new Visual Studio 2012 graphics debugger to visualize my vertex and pixel shader output. This is the output from a DrawIndexed() call that draws a cube: The pink part is the rendered output of the pixel shader, which takes the cube on its left as its input. The vertex shader code: cbuffer Buf { float4x4 final; }; struct In { float4 pos:POSITION; float3 norm:NORMAL; float2 texuv:TEXCOORD; }; struct Out { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; Out main(In input) { Out output; output.pos = mul(input.pos, final); output.col = float4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); output.tex = input.texuv; return output; } And the pixel shader: struct In { float4 col:COLOR; float2 tex:TEXCOORD; float4 pos:SV_POSITION; }; float4 main(In input) : SV_TARGET { return input.col; } The raster stage is the only thing between the vertex shader and the pixel shader, so my suspicion is that it's some raster stage settings. But the raster stage shouldn't change the shape of the vertex shader output so drastically, should it?

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  • Box2D Bicycle Wheels Motor Problem - Flash 2.1a

    - by Craig
    I have made a bicycle with Box2D using several polygons for the frame at different angles connected using weld joints, and I have revolute joints on the wheels with a motor. I have made some basic terrain (straight ground and a small ramp) and added keyboard input to control the bicycle with torque to balance it. All of this is done in with Box2D's Debug Draw. When the bicycle is on its back wheel but diagonally forward (kinda like this position - /) the motors just cause it go spinning backwards over when in reality it should either stay on its back wheel or go down onto both wheels. Here's my code the revolute joints: //Front Wheel Joint var frontWheelJointDef:b2RevoluteJointDef = new b2RevoluteJointDef(); frontWheelJointDef.Initialize(frontWheelBody, secondFrameBody, frontWheelBody.GetWorldCenter()); frontWheelJointDef.enableMotor=true; frontWheelJointDef.maxMotorTorque=10000; frontWheelJoint = _world.CreateJoint(frontWheelJointDef) as b2RevoluteJoint; //Rear Wheel Joint var rearWheelJointDef:b2RevoluteJointDef = new b2RevoluteJointDef(); rearWheelJointDef.Initialize(rearWheelBody, firstFrameBody, rearWheelBody.GetWorldCenter()); rearWheelJointDef.enableMotor=true; rearWheelJointDef.maxMotorTorque=10000; rearWheelJoint = _world.CreateJoint(rearWheelJointDef) as b2RevoluteJoint; And here's the relevant part of my update function: // up and down control wheels motor if (up) { motorSpeed-=0.5; } if (down) { motorSpeed += 0.5; } // left and right control cart torque if (left) { middleCentreFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); gearBody.ApplyTorque( -3); firstFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); secondFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); rearWheelToChainBody.ApplyTorque( -3); chainToFrontFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); topMiddleFrameBody.ApplyTorque( -3); } if (right) { middleCentreFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); gearBody.ApplyTorque( 3); firstFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); secondFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); rearWheelToChainBody.ApplyTorque( 3); chainToFrontFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); topMiddleFrameBody.ApplyTorque( 3); } // motor friction motorSpeed*=0.99; // motor max speed if (motorSpeed>100) { motorSpeed=100; } rearWheelJoint.SetMotorSpeed(motorSpeed); frontWheelJoint.SetMotorSpeed(motorSpeed); Any ideas what might be causing this? Thanks

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  • Obtaining a world point from a screen point with an orthographic projection

    - by vargonian
    I assumed this was a straightforward problem but it has been plaguing me for days. I am creating a 2D game with an orthographic camera. I am using a 3D camera rather than just hacking it because I want to support rotating, panning, and zooming. Unfortunately the math overwhelms me when I'm trying to figure out how to determine if a clicked point intersects a bounds (let's say rectangular) in the game. I was under the impression that I could simply transform the screen point (the clicked point) by the inverse of the camera's View * Projection matrix to obtain the world coordinates of the clicked point. Unfortunately this is not the case at all; I get some point that seems to be in some completely different coordinate system. So then as a sanity check I tried taking an arbitrary world point and transforming it by the camera's View*Projection matrices. Surely this should get me the corresponding screen point, but even that didn't work, and it is quickly shattering any illusion I had that I understood 3D coordinate systems and the math involved. So, if I could form this into a question: How would I use my camera's state information (view and projection matrices, for instance) to transform a world point to a screen point, and vice versa? I hope the problem will be simpler since I'm using an orthographic camera and can make several assumptions from that. I very much appreciate any help. If it makes a difference, I'm using XNA Game Studio.

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  • Unexpected behaviour with glFramebufferTexture1D

    - by Roshan
    I am using render to texture concept with glFramebufferTexture1D. I am drawing a cube on non-default FBO with all the vertices as -1,1 (maximum) in X Y Z direction. Now i am setting viewport to X while rendering on non default FBO. My background is blue with white color of cube. For default FBO, i have created 1-D texture and attached this texture to above FBO with color attachment. I am setting width of texture equal to width*height of above FBO view-port. Now, when i render this texture to on another cube, i can see continuous white color on start or end of each face of the cube. That means part of the face is white and rest is blue. I am not sure whether this behavior is correct or not. I expect all the texels should be white as i am using -1 and 1 coordinates for cube rendered on non-default FBO. code: #define WIDTH 3 #define HEIGHT 3 GLfloat vertices8[]={ 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 1 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 2 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f,//face 3 -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f,//face 4 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,//face 5 -1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f//face 6 }; GLfloat vertices[]= { 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 1 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 2 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f,//face 3 -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f,//face 4 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,-0.5f, -0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,//face 5 -0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f, -0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,-0.5f, 0.5f,-0.5f,0.5f//face 6 }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 14, 12, 14, 13, 16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 22, 20, 22, 21 }; GLfloat texcoord[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; glGenTextures(1, &id1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, id1); glGenFramebuffers(1, &Fboid); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA, WIDTH*HEIGHT , 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, Fboid); glFramebufferTexture1D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_1D,id1,0); draw_cube(); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); draw(); } draw_cube() { glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(temp.psId,"position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices8); glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 24); } draw() { glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"tk_position"), 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices); nResult = GL_ERROR_CHECK((GL_NO_ERROR, "glVertexAttribPointer(position, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,vertices);")); glEnableVertexAttribArray(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord")); glVertexAttribPointer(glGetAttribLocation(shader_data.psId,"inputtexcoord"), 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0,texcoord); glBindTexture(*target11, id1); glDrawElements ( GL_TRIANGLES, 36,GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); when i change WIDTH=HEIGHT=2, and call a glreadpixels with height, width equal to 4 in draw_cube() i can see first 2 pixels with white color, next two with blue(glclearcolor), next two white and then blue and so on.. Now when i change width parameter in glTeximage1D to 16 then ideally i should see alternate patches of white and blue right? But its not the case here. why so?

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  • Quaternion dfference + time --> angular velocity (gyroscope in physics library)

    - by AndrewK
    I am using Bullet Physic library to program some function, where I have difference between orientation from gyroscope given in quaternion and orientation of my object, and time between each frame in milisecond. All I want is set the orientation from my gyroscope to orientation of my object in 3D space. But all I can do is set angular velocity to my object. I have orientation difference and time, and from that I calculate vector of angular velocity [Wx,Wy,Wz] from that formula: W(t) = 2 * dq(t)/dt * conj(q(t)) My code is: btQuaternion diffQuater = gyroQuater - boxQuater; btQuaternion conjBoxQuater = gyroQuater.inverse(); btQuaternion velQuater = ((diffQuater * 2.0f) / d_time) * conjBoxQuater; And everything works well, till I get: 1 rotating around Y axis, angle about 60 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013220 y: -0.038050 z: -0.021979 w: -0.074250 - diffQuater x: 0.120094 y: 0.818967 z: 0.156797 w: -0.538782 - gyroQuater x: 0.133313 y: 0.857016 z: 0.178776 w: -0.464531 - boxQuater x: 0.207781 y: 0.290452 z: 0.245594 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 3.153619 y: -66.947929 z: 175.936615 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 4.290697 y: -57.553043 z: 173.320053 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.138128 y: 2.823307 z: 1.025552 w: 0.131360 - velQuater d_time: 0.058000 x: 0.211020 y: 1.595124 z: 0.303650 w: -1.143846 - diffQuater x: 0.089518 y: 0.771939 z: 0.144527 w: -0.612543 - gyroQuater x: -0.121502 y: -0.823185 z: -0.159123 w: 0.531303 - boxQuater x: nan y: nan z: nan - diffQuater -> euler angles x: 2.985240 y: -76.304405 z: -170.555054 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: 3.269681 y: -65.977966 z: 175.639420 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.730262 y: -2.882153 z: -1.294721 w: 63.325996 - velQuater d_time: 0.063000 2 rotating around X axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.013045 y: -0.004186 z: -0.005667 w: -0.022482 - diffQuater x: -0.848030 y: -0.187985 z: 0.114400 w: 0.482099 - gyroQuater x: -0.834985 y: -0.183799 z: 0.120067 w: 0.504580 - boxQuater x: 0.036336 y: 0.002312 z: 0.020859 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -113.129463 y: 0.731925 z: 25.415056 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -110.232368 y: 0.860897 z: 25.350458 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: -0.865820 y: -0.456086 z: 0.034084 w: 0.013184 - velQuater d_time: 0.055000 x: -1.721662 y: -0.387898 z: 0.229844 w: 0.910235 - diffQuater x: -0.874310 y: -0.200132 z: 0.115142 w: 0.426933 - gyroQuater x: 0.847352 y: 0.187766 z: -0.114703 w: -0.483302 - boxQuater x: -144.402298 y: 4.891629 z: 71.309158 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -119.515343 y: 1.745076 z: 26.646086 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -112.974533 y: 0.738675 z: 25.411509 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 2.086195 y: 0.676526 z: -0.424351 w: 70.104248 - velQuater d_time: 0.057000 2 rotating around Z axis, angle about 120 degrees, then I have these values in 2 critical frames: x: -0.000736 y: 0.002812 z: -0.004692 w: -0.008181 - diffQuater x: -0.003829 y: 0.012045 z: -0.868035 w: 0.496343 - gyroQuater x: -0.003093 y: 0.009232 z: -0.863343 w: 0.504524 - boxQuater x: -0.000822 y: -0.003032 z: 0.004162 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415189 y: 0.304210 z: -120.481873 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.091881 y: 0.227784 z: -119.399445 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.159042 y: 0.169228 z: -0.754599 w: 0.003900 - velQuater d_time: 0.025000 x: -0.007598 y: 0.024074 z: -1.749412 w: 0.968588 - diffQuater x: -0.003769 y: 0.012030 z: -0.881377 w: 0.472245 - gyroQuater x: 0.003829 y: -0.012045 z: 0.868035 w: -0.496343 - boxQuater x: -5.645197 y: 1.148993 z: -146.507187 - diffQuater -> euler angles x: -1.418294 y: 0.270319 z: -123.638245 - gyroQuater -> euler angles x: -1.415183 y: 0.304208 z: -120.481873 - boxQuater -> euler angles x: 0.017498 y: -0.013332 z: 2.040073 w: 148.120056 - velQuater d_time: 0.027000 The problem is the most visible in diffQuater - euler angles vector. Can someone tell me why it is like that? and how to solve that problem? All suggestions are welcome.

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  • How do I calculate the boundary of the game window after transforming the view?

    - by Cypher
    My Camera class handles zoom, rotation, and of course panning. It's invoked through SpriteBatch.Begin, like so many other XNA 2D camera classes. It calculates the view Matrix like so: public Matrix GetViewMatrix() { return Matrix.Identity * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-this.Spatial.Position, 0.0f)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(-( this.viewport.Width / 2 ), -( this.viewport.Height / 2 ), 0.0f) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(this.Rotation) * Matrix.CreateScale(this.Scale, this.Scale, 1.0f) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(this.viewport.Width * 0.5f, this.viewport.Height * 0.5f, 0.0f); } I was having a minor issue with performance, which after doing some profiling, led me to apply a culling feature to my rendering system. It used to, before I implemented the camera's zoom feature, simply grab the camera's boundaries and cull any game objects that did not intersect with the camera. However, after giving the camera the ability to zoom, that no longer works. The reason why is visible in the screenshot below. The navy blue rectangle represents the camera's boundaries when zoomed out all the way (Camera.Scale = 0.5f). So, when zoomed out, game objects are culled before they reach the boundaries of the window. The camera's width and height are determined by the Viewport properties of the same name (maybe this is my mistake? I wasn't expecting the camera to "resize" like this). What I'm trying to calculate is a Rectangle that defines the boundaries of the screen, as indicated by my awesome blue arrows, even after the camera is rotated, scaled, or panned. Here is how I've more recently found out how not to do it: public Rectangle CullingRegion { get { Rectangle region = Rectangle.Empty; Vector2 size = this.Spatial.Size; size *= 1 / this.Scale; Vector2 position = this.Spatial.Position; position = Vector2.Transform(position, this.Inverse); region.X = (int)position.X; region.Y = (int)position.Y; region.Width = (int)size.X; region.Height = (int)size.Y; return region; } } It seems to calculate the right size, but when I render this region, it moves around which will obviously cause problems. It needs to be "static", so to speak. It's also obscenely slow, which causes more of a problem than it solves. What am I missing?

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  • Moving my sprite in XNA using classes

    - by Tom
    Hey, im a newbie at this programming lark and its really frustrating me. I'm trying to move a snake in all directions while using classes. Ive created a vector2 for speed and ive attempted creating a method which moves the snake within the snake class. Now I'm confused and not sure what to do next. Appreciate any help. Thanks :D This is what i've done in terms of the method... public Vector2 direction() { Vector2 inputDirection = Vector2.Zero; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) inputDirection.X -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) inputDirection.X += 1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) inputDirection.Y -= -1; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) inputDirection.Y += 1; return inputDirection * snakeSpeed; } Appreciate any help. Thanks :D EDIT: Well let me make everything clear. Im making a small basic game for an assignment. The game is similar to the old snake game on the old Nokia phones. I've created a snake class (even though I'm not sure whether this is needed because im only going to be having one moving sprite within the game). After I written the code above (in the snake class), the game ran with no errors but I couldn't actually move the image :( EDIT2: Thanks so much for everyones responses!!

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  • Turn-based games [closed]

    - by Blue
    I've been looking for tutorials on turn-based games. I found an incomplete tutorial series by InsugentX about turn-based games. I haven't looked through it, but since it's incomplete, I worry that I won't be able to finish the scripts. I'm looking for tutorials or some good tips or advice to create turn-based games(similar to Worms). Recently I finished watching the WalkerBoys' tutorials so I am familiar with code. Where can I find some info and/or tutorials on creating Turn-based games? I'd prefer it to be video format. How can I create turn-based games (not the entire thing, only the set-up) or a turn-based event like in Worms? To explain more, How do I create 2 parties(1st player, 2nd player) exchanging turns(turn-based games and/or hotseat). While parties have characters similar to Worms(having more than 1 character within each party)? Do I use an array, an enum? I don't have any experience in turn-based games, so I would like to know how to actually make turn-based games. I can't find any reference to help me with construction of a turn-based game code similar to Worms in a programming language I can understand.

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  • How to make an object stay relative to another object

    - by Nick
    In the following example there is a guy and a boat. They have both a position, orientation and velocity. The guy is standing on the shore and would like to board. He changes his position so he is now standing on the boat. The boat changes velocity and orientation and heads off. My character however has a velocity of 0,0,0 but I would like him to stay onboard. When I move my character around, I would like to move as if the boat was the ground I was standing on. How do keep my character aligned properly with the boat? It is exactly like in World Of Warcraft, when you board a boat or zeppelin. This is my physics code for the guy and boat: this.velocity.addSelf(acceleration.multiplyScalar(dTime)); this.position.addSelf(this.velocity.clone().multiplyScalar(dTime)); The guy already has a reference to the boat he's standing on, and thus knows the boat's position, velocity, orientation (even matrices or quaternions can be used).

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  • How to make unit selection circles merge?

    - by MaT
    I would like to know how to make this effect of merged circle selection. Here are images to illustrate: Basically I'm looking for this effect: How the merge effect of the circles can be achieved ? I didn't found any explanation concerning this effect. I know that to project those texture I can develop a decal system but I don't know how to create the merging effect. If possible, I'm looking for purely shaders solution.

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  • What is the best way to code the XNA Game Server for FPS game?

    - by AgentFire
    I'm writing a FPS XNA game. It gonna be multiplayer so I came up with following: I'm making two different assemblies — one for the game logic and the second for drawing it and the game irrelevant stuff (like rocket trails). The type of the connection is client-server (not peer-to-peer), so every client at first connects to the server and then the game begins. I'm completly decided to use XNA.Framework.Game class for the clients to run their game in window (or fullscreen) and the GameComponent/DrawableGameComponent classes to store the game objects and update&draw them on each frame. Next, I want to get the answer to the question: What should I do on the server side? I got few options: Create my own Game class on the server, which will process all the game logic (only, no graphics). The reason why I am not using the standart Game class is when I call Game.Run() the white window appears and I cant figure out how to get rid of it. Use somehow the original XNA's Game class, which is already has the GameComponent collection and Update event (60 times per second, just what I need). UPDATE: I got more questions: First, what socket mode should I use? TCP or UDP? And how to actually let the client know that this packet is meant to be processed after that one? Second, if I is going to use exacly GameComponent class for the game objects which is stored and process on the server, how to make them to be drawn on the client? Inherit them (while they are combined to an assembly)? Something else?

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  • Making a surface transparent from blackness of texture

    - by Dan the Man
    I am making a "halo" shader in unity using GLSL. And I've come to a roadblock. What I need to do is take a texture, like the following, and make it transparent according to the darkness of it. And I don't want a cutout, because that cuts it off at a hard edge. This line of code doesn't seem to work. gl_FragColor = texture2D( vec4( _MainTex.r, _MainTex.g, _MainTex.b, _MainTex.a), vec2(textureCoordinates));

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  • LWJGL glRotatef() without rotating axes?

    - by Brandon oubiub
    Okay so, I noticed when you rotate around an axis, say you do this: glRotatef(90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); That will rotate things 90 degrees around the x-axis. However, it also sort of rotates the y and z axes as well. So now the y-axis is pointing in and out of the screen, instead of up and down. So when I try to do stuff like this: glRotatef(90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(whatever, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(whatever2, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); The rotations around the y and z-axes end up not how I want them. I was wondering if there is any way I can sort of rotate just the axes back to their initial position after using glRotatef(), without rotating the object back. Or something like that, just so that when I rotate around the y-axis, it rotates around a vertical axis.

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  • Basic tutorial/introduction for 3d matrices, idealy in c++, without openGl or directX

    - by René Nyffenegger
    I am wondering if there is a simple tutorial that covers the basics of how to initialize rotation, translation and projection matrices, and how to multiply them, and how to get the screen coordinates afterwards for a 3d point. Idealy, the tutorial comes with compilable code and is not dependent on any 3rd party library. Searching the internet, I found lots of tutorials, so this is not the problem. Yet, it seemed all of these either covered openGl or directX, or they were theoretical in nature.

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  • MiniMax function throws null pointer exception

    - by Sven
    I'm working on a school project, I have to build a tic tac toe game with the AI based on the MiniMax algorithm. The two player mode works like it should. I followed the code example on http://ethangunderson.com/blog/minimax-algorithm-in-c/. The only thing is that I get a NullPointer Exception when I run the code. And I can't wrap my finger around it. I placed a comment in the code where the exception is thrown. The recursive call is returning a null pointer, what is very strange because it can't.. When I place a breakpoint on the null return with the help of a if statement, then I see that there ARE still 2 to 3 empty places.. I probably overlooking something. Hope someone can tell me what I'm doing wrong. Here is the MiniMax code (the tic tac toe code is not important): /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package MiniMax; import Game.Block; import Game.Board; import java.util.ArrayList; public class MiniMax { public static Place getBestMove(Board gameBoard, Block.TYPE player) { Place bestPlace = null; ArrayList<Place> emptyPlaces = gameBoard.getEmptyPlaces(); Board newBoard; //loop trough all the empty places for(Place emptyPlace : emptyPlaces) { newBoard = gameBoard.clone(); newBoard.setBlock(emptyPlace.getRow(), emptyPlace.getCell(), player); //no game won and still room to move if(newBoard.getWinner() == Block.TYPE.NONE && newBoard.getEmptyPlaces().size() > 0) { //is an node (has children) Place tempPlace = getBestMove(newBoard, invertPlayer(player)); //ERROR is thrown here! tempPlace is null. emptyPlace.setScore(tempPlace.getScore()); } else { //is an leaf if(newBoard.getWinner() == Block.TYPE.NONE) { emptyPlace.setScore(0); } else if(newBoard.getWinner() == Block.TYPE.X) { emptyPlace.setScore(-1); } else if(newBoard.getWinner() == Block.TYPE.O) { emptyPlace.setScore(1); } //if this move is better then our prev move, take it! if((bestPlace == null) || (player == Block.TYPE.X && emptyPlace.getScore() < bestPlace.getScore()) || (player == Block.TYPE.O && emptyPlace.getScore() > bestPlace.getScore())) { bestPlace = emptyPlace; } } } //This should never be null, but it does.. return bestPlace; } private static Block.TYPE invertPlayer(Block.TYPE player) { if(player == Block.TYPE.X) { return Block.TYPE.O; } return Block.TYPE.X; } }

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  • Hero/Character sprite size in comparison to tile size?

    - by Kid
    So I'm making this simple platformer where the Hero is 16x16 in size, but also, the tile size is 16x16. Which sounds fine right? But my game window/world is 800x416, which makes the Hero is really really tiny in comparison. This really surprised me, but given Ive never made a platformer before it is also a new discovery. Is there a rule set for scale in platformer games? I'd like to have my game window remain the size it is (800x416), cause the game involves large levels. But how big should my hero be? I hope I was clear with the question, and I appreciate any insight. Thanks

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  • Java game object pool management

    - by Kenneth Bray
    Currently I am using arrays to handle all of my game objects in the game I am making, and I know how terrible this is for performance. My question is what is the best way to handle game objects and not hurt performance? Here is how I am creating an array and then looping through it to update the objects in the array: public static ArrayList<VboCube> game_objects = new ArrayList<VboCube>(); /* add objects to the game */ while (!Display.isCloseRequested() && !Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_ESCAPE)) { for (int i = 0; i < game_objects.size(); i++){ // draw the object game_objects.get(i).Draw(); game_objects.get(i).Update(); //world.updatePhysics(); } } I am not looking for someone to write me code for asset or object management, just point me into a better direction to get better performance. I appreciate the help you guys have provided me in the past, and I dont think I would be as far along with my project without the support on stack exchange!

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  • Early Z culling - Ogre

    - by teodron
    This question is concerned with how one can enable this "pixel filter" to work within an Ogre based app. Simply put, one can write two passes, the first without writing any colour values to the frame buffer lighting off colour_write off shading flat The second pass is the one that employs heavy pixel shader computations, hence it would be really nice to get rid of those hidden surface patches and not process them pixel-wise. This approach works, except for one thing: objects with alpha, such as billboard trees suffer in a peculiar way - from one side, they seem to capture the sky/background within their alpha region and ignore other trees/houses behind them, while viewed from the other side, they exhibit the desired behavior. To tackle the issue, I thought I could write a custom vertex shader in the first pass and offset the projected Z component of the vertex a little further away from its actual position, so that in the second pass there is a need to recompute correctly the pixels of the objects closest to the camera. This doesn't work at all, all surfaces are processed in the pixel shader and there is no performance gain. So, if anyone has done a similar trick with Ogre and alpha objects, kindly please help.

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