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  • Android.mk - How to assemble and link ARM assembler files

    - by Kim
    Hi, I have some *.cpp source files and some *.s ARM assembler files I want to assemble and link in my Android.mk file (by running ndk-build script). My Android.mk file looks like this: LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm LOCAL_MODULE := libTestJNI LOCAL_SRC_FILES := Test.cpp TestAS_gas4.s LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DFPM_ARM -ffast-math -O3 -DOPT_ARM LOCAL_LDLIBS += -llog include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) Unfortunately the .s file is not recognized. ndk-build says: Gdbserver : [arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3] libs/armeabi/gdbserver Gdbsetup : libs/armeabi/gdb.setup make: ** No rule to make target /cygdrive/c/projects/TestAS_gas4.s', needed by/cygdrive/c/projects/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/libTestJNI/TestAS_gas4.o'. Stop. In a "normal" makefile I would have to assemble by using "as" in a rule. How is it done in the Android.mk files? /Kim

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  • Flash video hiding the cursor on Mac OS X

    - by Tibor
    I found a Core Graphics function, CGCursorIsVisible, that one can use to determine whether the mouse cursor is shown on screen. I have a small app that uses a timer to call that function a few times a second to see if the cursor is shown or hidden (as I found no way to get my app notified when the mouse cursor shown/hidden status changes). The above works correctly except… when the Flash browser plugin plays a video: the mouse cursor gets hidden after a few seconds of mouse inactivity but CGCursorIsVisible() still keeps telling me that the cursor is indeed shown as if nothing happened. What I need is to be able to tell, at any given moment, whether the mouse cursor is shown to the end user on any screen. Is there any way to do that even in the case of playing a video using the Flash plugin?

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  • Mobile iPhone - Multiple buttons in a row

    - by Thomas
    Hello all: I'm an iPhone developer, but new to web development. I've done some basic HTML websites and made one in iWeb as well. I'm trying to branch out to actual mobile development now, so I checked out Dashcode. Anyway, I'm trying to put a Call Button, Mail Button, and Map Button in horizontal alignment. I realize that I can add a Column Layout and have two buttons in a row, but that's the most I've gotten. Any ideas? Thanks! Thomas

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  • Firefox Extension needs to get cookie from PHP redirected external page.

    - by Tyler
    I am writing a firefox extension that interacts with a JSON server interface. I receive a url to the server which then redirects to the client site that provides the cookie. I need to be able to set this cookie in the users browser without physically loading it in the browser. Is this possible through an AJAX call? I tried using a hidden iframe, however firefox does not seem to like a php redirect in the iframe. My current solution is to load the site in a second tab that never gains focus and then auto close it when the cookie is set. This is very messy and would prefer something more streamlines. Any thoughts?

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  • Embedding Ruby, calling a function from C

    - by ThePower
    Hi, I'm writing an app that calls ruby code from c. I am having a little difficulty and wondered if anyone could point me in the rite direction. I currently have in my C. #include ruby.h main() { ruby_init(); rb_require("myRubyFile"); rb_funcall(rb_module_new(), rb_intern("RubyFunction"), 0, NULL); } My ruby file is in the same directory as my c file and is called myRubyFile.rb and contains a definition of the function RubyFunction(). This is a cut down of what I actually want to do, just making it more readable for others. I just require some feedback as to whether this is the correct method to call ruby code from my c file. Regards

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  • Running another ruby script from a ruby script

    - by Andrew Grimm
    In ruby, is it possible to specify to call another ruby script using the same ruby interpreter as the original script is being run by? For example, if a.rb runs b.rb a couple of times, is it possible to replace system("ruby", "b.rb", "foo", "bar") with something like run_ruby("b.rb", "foo", "bar") so that if you used ruby1.9.1 a.rb on the original, ruby1.9.1 would be used on b.rb, but if you just used ruby a.rb on the original, ruby would be used on b.rb? I'd prefer not to use shebangs, as I'd like it to be able to run on different computers, some of which don't have /usr/bin/env. Edit: I didn't mean load or require and the like, but spawning new processes (so I can use multiple CPUs).

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  • Matching n parentheses in perl regex

    - by coding_hero
    Hi, I've got some data that I'm parsing in Perl, and will be adding more and more differently formatted data in the near future. What I would like to do is write an easy-to-use function, that I could pass a string and a regex to, and it would return anything in parentheses. It would work something like this (pseudocode): sub parse { $data = shift; $regex = shift; $data =~ eval ("m/$regex/") foreach $x ($1...$n) { push (@ra, $x); } return \@ra; } Then, I could call it like this: @subs = parse ($data, '^"([0-9]+)",([^:]*):(\W+):([A-Z]{3}[0-9]{5}),ID=([0-9]+)'); As you can see, there's a couple of issues with this code. I don't know if the eval would work, the 'foreach' definitely wouldn't work, and without knowing how many parentheses there are, I don't know how many times to loop. This is too complicated for split, so if there's another function or possibility that I'm overlooking, let me know. Thanks for your help!

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  • WMI: Create Method of the Win32_Service Class

    - by Marco
    Hello, I'm trying to use the Create method of the Win32_Service class, but when I call the InvokeMethod, I receive this exception: System.Management.ManagementException: Invalid method at System.Management.ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo(ManagementStatus errorCode) at System.Management.ManagementObject.InvokeMethod(String methodName, ManagementBaseObject inParameters, InvokeMethodOptions options) at <StartupCode$FSI_0075>.$FSI_0075.main@() This is the code (in F# but it is understable for C# programmers too :)): let scope = new ManagementScope(@"root\cimv2", null) use imageService = Utility.getServiceObject scope "Win32_Service" use inParams = imageService.GetMethodParameters("Create") inParams.["Name"] <- name inParams.["DisplayName"] <- displayName inParams.["PathName"] <- pathName inParams.["ServiceType"] <- 0x10 // Own Process inParams.["ErrorControl"] <- 0 // User is not notified inParams.["StartMode"] <- "Automatic" inParams.["DesktopInteract"] <- false inParams.["StartName"] <- "LocalSystem" inParams.["StartPassword"] <- "" inParams.["ServiceDependencies"] <- null use outParams = imageService.InvokeMethod("Create", inParams, null) The exception is thrown when the last line is executed (I removed the next lines). I think I'm calling correctly the method, so I don't know why the exception is thrown. Can anyone help me? Thanks in advance, Marco

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  • F# pattern matching

    - by Roger Alsing
    What would be the most effective way to express the following code? match cond.EvalBool() with | true -> match body.Eval() with | :? ControlFlowModifier as e -> match e with | Break(scope) -> e :> obj //Break is a DU element of ControlFlowModifier | _ -> next() //other members of CFM should call next() | _ -> next() | false -> null cond.EvalBool returns a boolean result where false should return null and true should either run the entire block again (its wrapped in a func called next) or if the special value of break is found, then the loop should exit and return the break value. Is there any way to compress that block of code to something smaller?

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  • Help needed inorder to avoid recursion

    - by Srivatsa
    Hello All I have a method, which gives me the required number of Boxes based on number of devices it can hold.Currently i have implemented this logic using recursion private uint PerformRecursiveDivision(uint m_oTotalDevices,uint m_oDevicesPerBox, ref uint BoxesRequired) { if (m_oTotalDevices< m_oDevicesPerBox) { BoxesRequired = 1; } else if ((m_oTotalDevices- m_oDevicesPerBox>= 0) && (m_oTotalDevices- m_oDevicesPerBox) < m_oDevicesPerBox) { //Terminating condition BoxesRequired++; return BoxesRequired; } else { //Call recursive function BoxesRequired++; return PerformRecursiveDivision((m_oTotalDevices- m_oDevicesPerBox), m_oDevicesPerBox, ref BoxesRequired); } return BoxesRequired; } Is there any better method to implement the same logic without using recursion. Cos this method is making my application very slow for cases when number of devices exceeds 50000. Thanks in advance for your support Constant learner

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  • How does Facebook chat avoid continuous polling of the server?

    - by Chad Johnson
    I am trying to understand how Facebook's chat feature receives messages without continuously poling the server. Firebug shows me a single GET XmlHttpRequest continuously sitting there, waiting for a response from the server. After 5 minutes, this never timed out. How are they preventing timeout? An AJAX request can just sit there like that indefinitely, waiting for a response? Can I do this with JSONRequest? I see this at json.org: JSONRequest is designed to support duplex connections. This permits applications in which the server can asynchronously initiate transmissions. This is done by using two simultaneous requests: one to send and the other to receive. By using the timeout parameter, a POST request can be left pending until the server determines that it has timely data to send. Or is there another way to let an AJAX call just sit there, waiting, besides using JSONRequest?

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  • Use of serialization in JMX calls on Websphere Appserver to avoid ClasscastException

    - by hstoerr
    We are using JMX for communication between different EARs on the same Websphere application server (6.1). All works well if we only use Java types as arguments, but if we use or own the problem is that we get ClassCastExceptions on the receiver side. This is obviously a classloader problem: if the jar with the argument types is put into the JRE endorsed directory, such that all classloaders use exactly the same class, the Exception disappear. But we would much prefer to put the library that defines the argument types in the EAR itself. Now my question: is there a trick to persuade WAS to serialize and deserialize the arguments during the JMX call? I guess in this case the ClassCastException would dissappear.

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  • error CS0133: Assigning the result of a function to a const in C#.net

    - by Greg
    Trying to tidy up scope and avoid possible multiple calls to RegisterWindowMessage. Currently have a class used once with the following member [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] static extern int RegisterWindowMessage(string lpString); private int m_message = RegisterWindowMessage("MY_MSG"); As we only have one instance this seems ok, but think it would be more tidy to use. With my basic C# understanding this should call RegisterWindowMessage and assign the result to int and not allow it to change. private const int message = RegisterWindowMessage("MY_MSG"); however attempting to do so leads to a error CS0133: The expression being assigned to 'someclass.messageEvent' must be constant so now I'm confused, does this mean the function was being assigned and called each time m_message was used previously, is there something else missing?

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  • CComPtr CoCreateInstance returns 0x80070582 (Class already exists.)

    - by Trevor Balcom
    I have a StartComObjects function called when the user presses the Login button and a StopComObjects function called when the user presses the Cancel button. The StartComObjects function uses CComPtr.CoCreateInstance to create the COM object and sets up some connection points using AfxConnectionAdvise. When the user presses the Cancel button the connection points are disconnected using AfxConnectionUnadvise and the COM object is stopped before calling Release on the CComPtr. When I press the login button a second time the CComPtr.CoCreateInstance returns 0x80070582 (Class already exists). This prevents the COM object from being created on the second call to StartComObjects. I am not sure why this isn't working. Shouldn't CComPtr::Release free the COM object and allow me to create a new one after the old one was stopped? Is there any way to get around this?

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  • Implementing __concat__

    - by Casebash
    I tried to implement __concat__, but it didn't work >>> class lHolder(): ... def __init__(self,l): ... self.l=l ... def __concat__(self, l2): ... return self.l+l2 ... def __iter__(self): ... return self.l.__iter__() ... >>> lHolder([1])+[2] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'lHolder' and 'list' How can I fix this?

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  • Does the Microsoft SQL Server native client support IDBAsynchNotify?

    - by Aaron Klotz
    I'm working on some OLE DB code that runs queries on MS SQL Server via ICommand::Execute. I'm converting this code to operate asynchronously by setting the DBPROPVAL_ASYNCH_INITIALIZE property on the command before executing. I'd prefer to register a IDBAsynchNotify sink so that my code can be notified of events, as opposed to polling or blocking via ISSAsynchStatus. The documentation for ICommand::Execute does not show IConnectionPointContainer as an acceptable riid parameter, but the same document, when discussing the DB_S_ASYNCHRONOUS return code, suggests that it is possible to request an IConnectionPointContainer interface that I could use to register my event sink. When I call ICommand::Execute, passing IID_IConnectionPointContainer as the riid parameter, I receive the E_NOINTERFACE error. I also tried setting the DBPROP_IConnectionPointContainer property before Execute but I received the same results. If I have to, I'll use ISSAsynchStatus, but I'd much rather use IDBAsynchNotify. Is it possible?

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  • How to verify an XML digital signature in Cocoa?

    - by Geoff Smith
    I have a C# application that uses XML digital signatures to sign license files. I've used the standard Microsoft approach described here. I'm porting the application to the MAC and need to verify the signature. My general question is how best to do this? This is what I've done: I've used macport to install Aleksey's xmlsec1 library. Used the Chilkat library to convert my XML public key to a PEM file Chilkat.PublicKey pubKey = new Chilkat.PublicKey(); pubKey.LoadXml(publicKeyXml); pubKey.SaveOpenSslPemFile("publicKey.pem"); Compiled and ran the alekseys sample program. See (http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/api/xmlsec-verify-with-key.html) to verify an XML dsig. Result: my license files fail to validate. The call to xmlSecDSigCtxVerify fails with status=unknown. Now for my specific question: What can I do next? Geoff

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  • JPA behaviour...

    - by Marcel
    Hi I have some trouble understanding a JPA behaviour. Mabye someone could give me a hint. Situation: Product entity: @Entity public class Product implements Serializable { ... @OneToMany(mappedBy="product", fetch=FetchType.EAGER) private List<ProductResource> productResources = new ArrayList<ProductResource>(); .... public List<ProductResource> getProductResources() { return productResources; } public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == this) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (!(obj instanceof Product)) return false; Product p = (Product) obj; return p.productId == productId; } } Resource entity: @Entity public class Resource implements Serializable { ... @OneToMany(mappedBy="resource", fetch=FetchType.EAGER) private List<ProductResource> productResources = new ArrayList<ProductResource>(); ... public void setProductResource(List<ProductResource> productResource) { this.productResources = productResource; } public List<ProductResource> getProductResources() { return productResources; } public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == this) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (!(obj instanceof Resource)) return false; Resource r = (Resource) obj; return (long)resourceId==(long)r.resourceId; } } ProductResource Entity: This is a JoinTable (association class) with additional properties (amount). It maps Product and Resources. @Entity public class ProductResource implements Serializable { ... @JoinColumn(nullable=false, updatable=false) @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER, cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST) private Product product; @JoinColumn(nullable=false, updatable=false) @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER, cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST) private Resource resource; private int amount; public void setProduct(Product product) { this.product = product; if(!product.getProductResources().contains((this))){ product.getProductResources().add(this); } } public Product getProduct() { return product; } public void setResource(Resource resource) { this.resource = resource; if(!resource.getProductResources().contains((this))){ resource.getProductResources().add(this); } } public Resource getResource() { return resource; } ... public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == this) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (!(obj instanceof ProductResource)) return false; ProductResource pr = (ProductResource) obj; return (long)pr.productResourceId == (long)productResourceId; } } This is the Session Bean (running on glassfish). @Stateless(mappedName="PersistenceManager") public class PersistenceManagerBean implements PersistenceManager { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "local_mysql") private EntityManager em; public Object create(Object entity) { em.persist(entity); return entity; } public void delete(Object entity) { em.remove(em.merge(entity)); } public Object retrieve(Class entityClass, Long id) { Object entity = em.find(entityClass, id); return entity; } public void update(Object entity) { em.merge(entity); } } I call the session Bean from a java client: public class Start { public static void main(String[] args) throws NamingException { PersistenceManager pm = (PersistenceManager) new InitialContext().lookup("java:global/BackITServer/PersistenceManagerBean"); ProductResource pr = new ProductResource(); Product p = new Product(); Resource r = new Resource(); pr.setProduct(p); pr.setResource(r); ProductResource pr_stored = (ProductResource) pm.create(pr); pm.delete(pr_stored); Product p_ret = (Product) pm.retrieve(Product.class, pr_stored.getProduct().getProductId()); // prints out true ???????????????????????????????????? System.out.println(p_ret.getProductResources().contains(pr_stored)); } } So here comes my problem. Why is the ProductResource entity still in the List productResources(see code above). The productResource tuple in the db is gone after the deletion and I do newly retrieve the Product entity. If I understood right every method call of the client happens in a new persistence context, but here i obviously get back the non-refreshed product object!? Any help is appreciated Thanks Marcel

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  • php array in url from json

    - by mcgrailm
    Here is what I want to do: I have some json like this var foo = { format:"json", type:"test", id:"26443" }; and I awant to put that in a url like this 'http://example.com/a:3:{s:6:"format";s:4:"json";s:4:"type";s:5:"test";s:2:"id";s:5:"26443";}' which I will then put into ajax call but everything I have tried results in error 501 BAD URI could someone tell me how to do this I've tried this function js_array_to_php_array(a) { var a_php = ""; var total = 3; for (var key in a){ total; a_php = a_php + "s:" + String(key).length + ":\"" + String(key) + "\";s:" + String(a[key]).length + ":\"" + String(a[key]) + "\";"; } a_php = "a:" + total +":{" + a_php + "}"; return a_php; } which I found out on the web but had to mod to get to run but still no luck

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  • How to set a control ID in ListView Template dynamically?

    - by citronas
    A have a ListView that is rendered with multiple items. Now I want to toggle some HTML attributes with JQuery. Therefore it would be best to have access to these elements via an unique ID. But trying to create a "dynamic" and therefore unique ID by <tr runat="server" ID='<%# this.GetUniqueID() %>'> </tr> results in an error that tells me that the ID needs to be simple and cannot be set by a call to a method. I know that I can dynamically create controls in the code-behind and set the ID there. But in this case, I'd rather like to let the content be rendered by the ListView itself. That brings me to the conclusion that the idea of setting a dynically ID in the Template is totally wrong. How can I achieve the desired behaviour?

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  • Unit Testing in QTestLib - running single test / tests in class / all tests

    - by Dave
    I'm just starting to use QTestLib. I have gone through the manual and tutorial. Although I understand how to create tests, I'm just not getting how to make those tests convenient to run. My unit test background is NUnit and MSTest. In those environments, it was trivial (using a GUI, at least) to alternate between running a single test, or all tests in a single test class, or all tests in the entire project, just by clicking the right button. All I'm seeing in QTestLib is either you use the QTEST_MAIN macro to run the tests in a single class, then compile and test each file separately; or use QTest::qExec() in main() to define which objects to test, and then manually change that and recompile when you want to add/remove test classes. I'm sure I'm missing something. I'd like to be able to easily: Run a single test method Run the tests in an entire class Run all tests Any of those would call the appropriate setup / teardown functions.

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  • Linux shared library that uses a shared library undefined symbol

    - by johnnycrash
    two shared libraries liba.so and libb.so. liba.so uses libb.so. All c files are compiled with -fPIC. Linking uses -shared. When we call dlopen on liba.so it cannot find symbols in libb.so...we get the "undefined symbol" error. We can dlopen libb.so with no errors. We know that liba is finding libb because we don't get a file not found error. We get a file not found error when we delete libb.so. We tried -lutil and no luck. Any ideas???? oh yeah. gcc 4.1.2

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  • Opening popup links in UIWebView, possible?

    - by Jasarien
    Hey guys, I have a UIWebView which I'm using as an embedded browser within my app. I've noticed that links in webpages that open new windows are ignored without any call into my code. I've tried breakpointing on - (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType and then selecting a link that would open a popup window, and the breakpoint is never hit. Is there anything I can do to intercept that selection of the popup link and get the URL and just load it normally? I'm not interested in displaying a popup window in the app itself, I just want the URL of whatever is going to be loaded in the popup window to load in the main webview itself. Is this possible? Thanks!

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  • How to find vector for the quaternion from X Y Z rotations

    - by can poyrazoglu
    I am creating a very simple project on OpenGL and I'm stuck with rotations. I am trying to rotate an object indepentdently in all 3 axes: X, Y, and Z. I've had sleepless nights due to the "gimbal lock" problem after rotating about one axis. I've then learned that quaternions would solve my problem. I've researched about quaternions and implementd it, but I havent't been able to convert my rotations to quaternions. For example, if I want to rotate around Z axis 90 degrees, I just create the {0,0,1} vector for my quaternion and rotate it around that axis 90 degrees using the code here: http://iphonedevelopment.blogspot.com/2009/06/opengl-es-from-ground-up-part-7_04.html (the most complicated matrix towards the bottom) That's ok for one vector, but, say, I first want to rotate 90 degrees around Z, then 90 degrees around X (just as an example). What vector do I need to pass in? How do I calculate that vector. I am not good with matrices and trigonometry (I know the basics and the general rules, but I'm just not a whiz) but I need to get this done. There are LOTS of tutorials about quaternions, but I seem to understand none (or they don't answer my question). I just need to learn to construct the vector for rotations around more than one axis combined. UPDATE: I've found this nice page about quaternions and decided to implement them this way: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/3d/quaternions.html Here is my code for quaternion multiplication: void cube::quatmul(float* q1, float* q2, float* resultRef){ float w = q1[0]*q2[0] - q1[1]*q2[1] - q1[2]*q2[2] - q1[3]*q2[3]; float x = q1[0]*q2[1] + q1[1]*q2[0] + q1[2]*q2[3] - q1[3]*q2[2]; float y = q1[0]*q2[2] - q1[1]*q2[3] + q1[2]*q2[0] + q1[3]*q2[1]; float z = q1[0]*q2[3] + q1[1]*q2[2] - q1[2]*q2[1] + q1[3]*q2[0]; resultRef[0] = w; resultRef[1] = x; resultRef[2] = y; resultRef[3] = z; } Here is my code for applying a quaternion to my modelview matrix (I have a tmodelview variable that is my target modelview matrix): void cube::applyquat(){ float& x = quaternion[1]; float& y = quaternion[2]; float& z = quaternion[3]; float& w = quaternion[0]; float magnitude = sqrtf(w * w + x * x + y * y + z * z); if(magnitude == 0){ x = 1; w = y = z = 0; }else if(magnitude != 1){ x /= magnitude; y /= magnitude; z /= magnitude; w /= magnitude; } tmodelview[0] = 1 - (2 * y * y) - (2 * z * z); tmodelview[1] = 2 * x * y + 2 * w * z; tmodelview[2] = 2 * x * z - 2 * w * y; tmodelview[3] = 0; tmodelview[4] = 2 * x * y - 2 * w * z; tmodelview[5] = 1 - (2 * x * x) - (2 * z * z); tmodelview[6] = 2 * y * z - 2 * w * x; tmodelview[7] = 0; tmodelview[8] = 2 * x * z + 2 * w * y; tmodelview[9] = 2 * y * z + 2 * w * x; tmodelview[10] = 1 - (2 * x * x) - (2 * y * y); tmodelview[11] = 0; glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glPushMatrix(); glLoadMatrixf(tmodelview); glMultMatrixf(modelview); glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, tmodelview); glPopMatrix(); } And my code for rotation (that I call externally), where quaternion is a class variable of the cube: void cube::rotatex(int angle){ float quat[4]; float ang = angle * PI / 180.0; quat[0] = cosf(ang / 2); quat[1] = sinf(ang/2); quat[2] = 0; quat[3] = 0; quatmul(quat, quaternion, quaternion); applyquat(); } void cube::rotatey(int angle){ float quat[4]; float ang = angle * PI / 180.0; quat[0] = cosf(ang / 2); quat[1] = 0; quat[2] = sinf(ang/2); quat[3] = 0; quatmul(quat, quaternion, quaternion); applyquat(); } void cube::rotatez(int angle){ float quat[4]; float ang = angle * PI / 180.0; quat[0] = cosf(ang / 2); quat[1] = 0; quat[2] = 0; quat[3] = sinf(ang/2); quatmul(quat, quaternion, quaternion); applyquat(); } I call, say rotatex, for 10-11 times for rotating only 1 degree, but my cube gets rotated almost 90 degrees after 10-11 times of 1 degree, which doesn't make sense. Also, after calling rotation functions in different axes, My cube gets skewed, gets 2 dimensional, and disappears (a column in modelview matrix becomes all zeros) irreversibly, which obviously shouldn't be happening with a correct implementation of the quaternions.

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  • Asynchronous Streaming in ASP.NET WebApi

    - by andresv
     Hi everyone, if you use the cool MVC4 WebApi you might encounter yourself in a common situation where you need to return a rather large amount of data (most probably from a database) and you want to accomplish two things: Use streaming so the client fetch the data as needed, and that directly correlates to more fetching in the server side (from our database, for example) without consuming large amounts of memory. Leverage the new MVC4 WebApi and .NET 4.5 async/await asynchronous execution model to free ASP.NET Threadpool threads (if possible).  So, #1 and #2 are not directly related to each other and we could implement our code fulfilling one or the other, or both. The main point about #1 is that we want our method to immediately return to the caller a stream, and that client side stream be represented by a server side stream that gets written (and its related database fetch) only when needed. In this case we would need some form of "state machine" that keeps running in the server and "knows" what is the next thing to fetch into the output stream when the client ask for more content. This technique is generally called a "continuation" and is nothing new in .NET, in fact using an IEnumerable<> interface and the "yield return" keyword does exactly that, so our first impulse might be to write our WebApi method more or less like this:           public IEnumerable<Metadata> Get([FromUri] int accountId)         {             // Execute the command and get a reader             using (var reader = GetMetadataListReader(accountId))             {                 // Read rows asynchronously, put data into buffer and write asynchronously                 while (reader.Read())                 {                     yield return MapRecord(reader);                 }             }         }   While the above method works, unfortunately it doesn't accomplish our objective of returning immediately to the caller, and that's because the MVC WebApi infrastructure doesn't yet recognize our intentions and when it finds an IEnumerable return value, enumerates it before returning to the client its values. To prove my point, I can code a test method that calls this method, for example:        [TestMethod]         public void StreamedDownload()         {             var baseUrl = @"http://localhost:57771/api/metadata/1";             var client = new HttpClient();             var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();             var stream = client.GetStreamAsync(baseUrl).Result;             sw.Stop();             Debug.WriteLine("Elapsed time Call: {0}ms", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds); } So, I would expect the line "var stream = client.GetStreamAsync(baseUrl).Result" returns immediately without server-side fetching of all data in the database reader, and this didn't happened. To make the behavior more evident, you could insert a wait time (like Thread.Sleep(1000);) inside the "while" loop, and you will see that the client call (GetStreamAsync) is not going to return control after n seconds (being n == number of reader records being fetched).Ok, we know this doesn't work, and the question would be: is there a way to do it?Fortunately, YES!  and is not very difficult although a little more convoluted than our simple IEnumerable return value. Maybe in the future this scenario will be automatically detected and supported in MVC/WebApi.The solution to our needs is to use a very handy class named PushStreamContent and then our method signature needs to change to accommodate this, returning an HttpResponseMessage instead of our previously used IEnumerable<>. The final code will be something like this: public HttpResponseMessage Get([FromUri] int accountId)         {             HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse();             // Create push content with a delegate that will get called when it is time to write out              // the response.             response.Content = new PushStreamContent(                 async (outputStream, httpContent, transportContext) =>                 {                     try                     {                         // Execute the command and get a reader                         using (var reader = GetMetadataListReader(accountId))                         {                             // Read rows asynchronously, put data into buffer and write asynchronously                             while (await reader.ReadAsync())                             {                                 var rec = MapRecord(reader);                                 var str = await JsonConvert.SerializeObjectAsync(rec);                                 var buffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);                                 // Write out data to output stream                                 await outputStream.WriteAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);                             }                         }                     }                     catch(HttpException ex)                     {                         if (ex.ErrorCode == -2147023667) // The remote host closed the connection.                          {                             return;                         }                     }                     finally                     {                         // Close output stream as we are done                         outputStream.Close();                     }                 });             return response;         } As an extra bonus, all involved classes used already support async/await asynchronous execution model, so taking advantage of that was very easy. Please note that the PushStreamContent class receives in its constructor a lambda (specifically an Action) and we decorated our anonymous method with the async keyword (not a very well known technique but quite handy) so we can await over the I/O intensive calls we execute like reading from the database reader, serializing our entity and finally writing to the output stream.  Well, if we execute the test again we will immediately notice that the a line returns immediately and then the rest of the server code is executed only when the client reads through the obtained stream, therefore we get low memory usage and far greater scalability for our beloved application serving big chunks of data.Enjoy!Andrés.        

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