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  • rotate opengl mesh relative to camera

    - by shuall
    I have a cube in opengl. It's position is determined by multiplying it's specific model matrix, the view matrix, and the projection matrix and then passing that to the shader as per this tutorial (http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/). I want to rotate it relative to the camera. The only way I can think of getting the correct axis is by multiplying the inverse of the model matrix (because that's where all the previous rotations and tranforms are stored) times the view matrix times the axis of rotation (x or y). I feel like there's got to be a better way to do this like use something other than model, view and projection matrices, or maybe I'm doing something wrong. That's what all the tutorials I've seen use. PS I'm also trying to keep with opengl 4 core stuff. edit: If quaternions would fix my problems, could someone point me to a good tutorial/example for switching from 4x4 matrices to quaternions. I'm a little daunted by the task.

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  • Are these non-standard applications of rendering practical in games?

    - by maul
    I've recently got into 3D and I came up with a few different "tricky" rendering techniques. Unfortunately I don't have the time to work on this myself, but I'd like to know if these are known methods and if they can be used in practice. Hybrid rendering Now I know that ray-tracing is still not fast enough for real-time rendering, at least on home computers. I also know that hybrid rendering (a combination of rasterization and ray-tracing) is a well known theory. However I had the following idea: one could separate a scene into "important" and "not important" objects. First you render the "not important" objects using traditional rasterization. In this pass you also render the "important" objects using a special shader that simply marks these parts on the image using a special color, or some stencil/depth buffer trickery. Then in the second pass you read back the results of the first pass and start ray tracing, but only from the pixels that were marked by the "important" object's shader. This would allow you to only ray-trace exactly what you need to. Could this be fast enough for real-time effects? Rendered physics I'm specifically talking about bullet physics - intersection of a very small object (point/bullet) that travels across a straight line with other, relatively slow-moving, fairly constant objects. More specifically: hit detection. My idea is that you could render the scene from the point of view of the gun (or the bullet). Every object in the scene would draw a different color. You only need to render a 1x1 pixel window - the center of the screen (again, from the gun's point of view). Then you simply check that central pixel and the color tells you what you hit. This is pixel-perfect hit detection based on the graphical representation of objects, which is not common in games. Afaik traditional OpenGL "picking" is a similar method. This could be extended in a few ways: For larger (non-bullet) objects you render a larger portion of the screen. If you put a special-colored plane in the middle of the scene (exactly where the bullet will be after the current frame) you get a method that works as the traditional slow-moving iterative physics test as well. You could simulate objects that the bullet can pass through (with decreased velocity) using alpha blending or some similar trick. So are these techniques in use anywhere, and/or are they practical at all?

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  • BoundingSpheres move when they should not

    - by NDraskovic
    I have a XNA 4.0 project in which I load a file that contains type and coordinates of items I need to draw to the screen. Also I need to check if one particular type (the only movable one) is passing in front or trough other items. This is the code I use to load the configuration: if (ks.IsKeyDown(Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Keys.L)) { this.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Otvaranje.ShowDialog(); try { using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Otvaranje.FileName)) { String linija; while ((linija = sr.ReadLine()) != null) { red = linija.Split(','); model = red[0]; x = red[1]; y = red[2]; z = red[3]; elementi.Add(Convert.ToInt32(model)); podatci.Add(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z))); sfere.Add(new BoundingSphere(new Vector3(Convert.ToSingle(x), Convert.ToSingle(y), Convert.ToSingle(z)), 1f)); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Window.Title = ex.ToString(); } } The "Otvaranje" is an OpenFileDialog object, "elementi" is a List (determines the type of item that would be drawn), podatci is a List (determines the location where the items will be drawn) and sfere is a List. Now I solved the picking algorithm (checking for ray and bounding sphere intersection) and it works fine, but the collision detection does not. I noticed, while using picking, that BoundingSphere's move even though the objects that they correspond to do not. The movable object is drawn to the world1 Matrix, and the static objects are drawn into the world2 Matrix (world1 and world2 have the same values, I just separated them so that the static elements would not move when the movable one does). The problem is that when I move the item I want, all boundingSpheres move accordingly. How can I move only the boundingSphere that corresponds to that particular item, and leave the rest where they are?

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the momement I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement(not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated. Thanks, Henry.

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  • Do I need the 'w' component in my Vector class?

    - by bobobobo
    Assume you're writing matrix code that handles rotation, translation etc for 3d space. Now the transformation matrices have to be 4x4 to fit the translation component in. However, you don't actually need to store a w component in the vector do you? Even in perspective division, you can simply compute and store w outside of the vector, and perspective divide before returning from the method. For example: // post multiply vec2=matrix*vector Vector operator*( const Matrix & a, const Vector& v ) { Vector r ; // do matrix mult r.x = a._11*v.x + a._12*v.y ... real w = a._41*v.x + a._42*v.y ... // perspective divide r /= w ; return r ; } Is there a point in storing w in the Vector class?

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  • Text on a model

    - by alecnash
    I am trying to put some text on a Model and I want it to be dynamic. Did some research and came up with drawing the text on the texture and then set it on the model. I use something like this: public static Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Spritbatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture Spritbatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(GraphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); Spritbatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); Spritbatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } When I was working with primitives and not models everything worked fine because I set the texture exactly where I wanted but with the model (RoundedRect 3D button). It now looks like that: Is there a way to have the text centered only on one side?

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  • Box2Dweb very slow on node.js

    - by Peteris
    I'm using Box2Dweb on node.js. I have a rotated box object that I apply an impulse to move around. The timestep is set at 50ms, however, it bumps up to 100ms and even 200ms as soon as I add any more edges or boxes. Here are the edges I would like to use as bounds around the playing area: // Computing the corners var upLeft = new b2Vec2(0, 0), lowLeft = new b2Vec2(0, height), lowRight = new b2Vec2(width, height), upRight = new b2Vec2(width, 0) // Edges bounding the visible game area var edgeFixDef = new b2FixtureDef edgeFixDef.friction = 0.5 edgeFixDef.restitution = 0.2 edgeFixDef.shape = new b2PolygonShape var edgeBodyDef = new b2BodyDef; edgeBodyDef.type = b2Body.b2_staticBody edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(upLeft, lowLeft) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(lowLeft, lowRight) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(lowRight, upRight) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(upRight, upLeft) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) Can box2d really become this slow for even two bodies or is there some pitfall? It would be very surprising given all the demos which successfully use tens of objects.

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  • Speed up content loading

    - by user1806687
    I am using WinForms Sample downloaded from microsoft website. The problem is, that the model loading time is quite long, using: contentBuilder.Add(ModelPath, ModelName, null, "ModelProcessor"); contentManager.Load<Model>(ModelName); even a simple model, such as a cube with no textures, takes 4+ seconds to load. Now, I am no expert on this, but is there anyway to decrease loading time? EDIT: I've gone thru the code and found out that calling contentBuilder.Build(); ,which comes right after contentBuilder.Add() method takes up most of the time.

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  • Which API for cross platform mobile audio?

    - by deft_code
    This question focuses on the API's available on phones. I'd been planning to use OpenAL in my game for maximum portability. It runs great on Linux so I can quickly develop the Game and leverage it's superior debugging tools. However I've recently heard that Android doesn't support OpenAL well. Instead they've gone with a OpenSL ES library. What I'm looking for is a free Audio library that I can use with minimal custom code on iPhone, Android, and my Linux desktop. Does such an API exists? Some extra details: The game is written in C++ with custom minimal front ends. ObjC for iPhone, Java for Android, and SFML for Desktops. I'm using OpenGL ES for portability as iPhone doesn't support the more advanced OpenGL APIs.

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  • Data for animation

    - by saadtaame
    Say you are using C/SDL for a 2D game project. It's often the case that people use a structure to represent a frame in an animation. The struct consists of an image and how much time the frame is supposed to be visible. Is this data sufficient to represent somewhat complex animatio? Is it a good idea to separate animation management code and animation data? Can somebody provide a link to animations tutorials that store animations in a file and retrieve them when needed. I read this in a book (AI game programming wisdom) but would like to see a real implementation.

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  • Direct3D - Zooming into Mouse Position

    - by roohan
    I'm trying to implement my camera class for a simulation. But I cant figure out how to zoom into my world based on the mouse position. I mean the object under the mouse cursor should remain at the same screen position. My zooming looks like this: VOID ZoomIn(D3DXMATRIX& WorldMatrix, FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); } I passed the world matrix to the function because I had the idea to move my drawing origin according to the mouse position. But I cant find out how to calculate the offset in to move my drawing origin. Anyone got an idea how to calculate this? Thanks in advance. SOLVED Ok I solved my problem. Here is the code if anyone is interested: VOID CAMERA2D::ZoomIn(FLOAT const& MouseX, FLOAT const& MouseY) { // Get the setting of the current view port. D3DVIEWPORT9 ViewPort; this->Direct3DDevice->GetViewport(&ViewPort); // Convert the screen coordinates of the mouse to world space coordinates. D3DXVECTOR3 VectorOne; D3DXVECTOR3 VectorTwo; D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ = 0.0f; float WorldX = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY = ((WorldZ - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Move the camera into the screen. this->Position.z = this->Position.z * 0.9f; D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&this->ViewMatrix, &this->Position, &this->Target, &this->UpDirection); // Calculate the world space vector again based on the new view matrix, D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorOne, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 0.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); D3DXVec3Unproject(&VectorTwo, &D3DXVECTOR3(MouseX, MouseY, 1.0f), &ViewPort, &this->ProjectionMatrix, &this->ViewMatrix, &WorldMatrix); // Calculate the resulting vector components. float WorldZ2 = 0.0f; float WorldX2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.x - VectorOne.x)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.x; float WorldY2 = ((WorldZ2 - VectorOne.z) * (VectorTwo.y - VectorOne.y)) / (VectorTwo.z - VectorOne.z) + VectorOne.y; // Create a temporary translation matrix for calculating the origin offset. D3DXMATRIX TranslationMatrix; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&TranslationMatrix); // Calculate the origin offset. D3DXMatrixTranslation(&TranslationMatrix, WorldX2 - WorldX, WorldY2 - WorldY, 0.0f); // At the offset to the cameras world matrix. this->WorldMatrix = this->WorldMatrix * TranslationMatrix; } Maybe someone has even a better solution than mine.

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  • Are there any reasons to use Legacy (2.X) OpenGL?

    - by user27886
    The benefits are well documented of the Modern OpenGL 3.X & 4.X API's, but I'm wondering if there are ANY benefits to keeping with the old OpenGL, Or if learning OpenGL 2.X is a complete waste of time now no matter what? Particularly I've wondered if using the OpenGL 2.X API is appropriate if the target platform had graphics hardware capable of only up to OpenGL 2.X. Would a driver update on said target platform allow programs compiled using the Modern OpenGL API's to be released on this old platform? If they both work, which would be faster? Thanks

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  • What is the recommended library for using Lua from C++?

    - by DevilWithin
    I am currently planning how to integrate Lua scripting in my 2D Game Engine, and i would like to go straight to the most adequate solution for having C++ classes and objects exposed. I've read this (if it helps you help): http://lua-users.org/wiki/BindingCodeToLua If you have a better scripting language to recomend, go for it ;D All help is welcome, i need to pickup the best solution to start implementing Thanks

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  • Character coding / programming

    - by Jery
    Lately I tryed a few times to create characters for some games, but at some certain point (especially when collision detection came in) everything became messy and the interaction between chars, the world and certain items had a lot of bugs. So here is my question, how do you ussualy keep track of actions that your character is allowed to do, or more in general do you have some links / advices how to set up a char efficiantly? I´m working on a char right now, who should at least be able to run, jump, pick items up and use different fighting animations. Most ideas I came up with until now use some kind of action.priority / action.duration system to determain whats possible and what not, or a "action-manager" which defines for every action what is possible from that action on but it all doesnt work that well together.

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  • Pseudo-magnet implementation with chipmunk

    - by Eimantas
    How should I go about implementing "natural" magnet on a certain body in chipmunk space? Context is of simple bodies lying in the space (think chessboard). When one of the figures is activated as a magnet - others should start moving towards it. Currently I'm applying force (cpBodyApplyForce)to the other figures with vector calculated towards the activated figure. However this doesn't really feel "natural". Are there any known algorithms for imitating magnets?

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  • Where i must put .xnb files in mono game project using VS2010?

    - by user23899
    Hello there my problem was describe below In the "The Content Pipeline" paragraph http://blogs.msdn.com/b/bobfamiliar/archive/2012/08/07/windows-8-xna-and-monogame-part-3-code-migration-and-windows-8-feature-support.aspx#comments Author describe how fix it using VS2012 put xnb files to \AppX\Content folder but i use VS2010 and mono game templates for it and there is no folders like this so where i must put this asstes to run game correctly

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  • How can I get a 2D texture to rotate like a compass in XNA?

    - by IronGiraffe
    I'm working on a small maze puzzle game and I'm trying to add a compass to make it somewhat easier for the player to find their way around the maze. The problem is: I'm using XNA's draw method to rotate the arrow and I don't really know how to get it to rotate properly. What I need it to do is point towards the exit from the player's position, but I'm not sure how I can do that. So does anyone know how I can do this? Is there a better way to do it?

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  • Can I name a team with the name of their city to avoid trademark issues?

    - by Paul
    I was wondering, if you want to make a NBA game on smartphones, without the license held by EA, the first solution seems to name your teams with a different name, such as "Chicragro Brulls" (this is just for the example), but would it be possible to just call your team with the name of the city, such as "Chicago vs. Dallas" ? I know the first solution was chosen by Pro Evolution Soccer, would you know any other game that don't use a license?

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  • Need efficient way to keep enemy from getting hit multiple times by same source

    - by TenFour04
    My game's a simple 2D one, but this probably applies to many types of scenarios. Suppose my player has a sword, or a gun that shoots a projectile that can pass through and hit multiple enemies. While the sword is swinging, there is a duration where I am checking for the sword making contact with any enemy on every frame. But once an enemy is hit by that sword, I don't want him to continue getting hit over and over as the sword follows through. (I do want the sword to continue checking whether it is hitting other enemies.) I've thought of a couple different approaches (below), but they don't seem like good ones to me. I'm looking for a way that doesn't force cross-referencing (I don't want the enemy to have to send a message back to the sword/projectile). And I'd like to avoid generating/resetting multiple array lists with every attack. Each time the sword swings it generates a unique id (maybe by just incrementing a global static long). Every enemy keeps a list of id's of swipes or projectiles that have already hit them, so the enemy knows not to get hurt by something multiple times. Downside is that every enemy may have a big list to compare to. So projectiles and sword swipes would have to broadcast their end-of-life to all enemies and cause a search and remove on every enemy's array list. Seems kind of slow. Each sword swipe or projectile keeps its own list of enemies that it has already hit so it knows not to apply damage. Downsides: Have to generate a new list (probably pull from a pool and clear one) every time a sword is swung or a projectile shot. Also, this breaks down modularity, because now the sword has to send a message to the enemy, and the enemy has to send a message back to the sword. Seems to me that two-way streets like this are a great way to create very difficult-to-find bugs.

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  • How can I protect my save data from casual hacking?

    - by Danran
    What options are there for saving game data in a secure manner? I'm interested in solutions specifically tailored for C++. I'm looking for something that is fast and easy to use. I'm only concerned about storing simple information such as Which levels are and are not unlocked The user's score for each level I'm curious again to know what's out there to use, any good libraries to use that give me nice, secure game data files that the average player can't mess with. I just found this here which looks very nice, but it would be great to get some opinions on potential other libraries/options out there.

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  • How does a single programmer make a game?

    - by Mike
    I have always been a software developer, but lately I've been wanting to get into games. The only thing stopping me is the fact that I'm a programmer, not an artist. I've made some simple stuff, Tetris, 2D chess things like that but I can't do much art and that's really what holds me back. Now the problem is, I've yet to go to college so most commercial projects wouldn't accept me even to work for free and learn a bit especially with my lack of experience in games and any indie projects I've looked into really have an issue with responding to people interested, or actually completing (or starting really, most don't get past the ideas on paper) the project they want to do. I've looked around locally for artists, anyone who can do modeling, textures or animating or even anyone with some ability to make some more advanced 2D assets to get something like a side-scrolling RPG or something but haven't been able to find anyone. So how do you guys do it? Do I really just have to wait until I can go to college to see if I like working with games or is there some way I can get art (for free, anything I do is just going to be for fun so I don't want to have to sink money into it) and just start messing around on my own? Or am I just having bad luck and not looking in the right places for other people interested in having me help? I'm not looking for anything in particular, just something to fill some time with and see if I like making games. If not, well I'll go back to my software projects. I just have one more year of highschool and I'd like to try a few different areas before I go to college.

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  • Normalizing the direction to check if able to move

    - by spartan2417
    i have a a room with 4 walls along the x and z axis respectively. My player who is in first person (therefore the camera) should have collision detection with these walls. I'm relatively new to this so please bare with me. I believe the way to do this is to calculate the direction and distance to the wall from the camera and then normalize the directions. However i can only get this far before i dont know what to do. I think you should work out the angle and direction your facing? where _dx and _dz is the small buffer in front of the camera. float CalcDirection(float Cam_x, float Cam_z, float Wall_x, float Wall_z) { //Calculate direction and distance to obstacle. float ob_dirx = Cam_x + _dx - Wall_x; float ob_dirz = Cam_z + _dz - Wall_z; float ob_dist = sqrt(ob_dirx*ob_dirx + ob_dirz*ob_dirz); //Normalise directions float ob_norm = sqrt(ob_dirx*ob_dirx + ob_dirz*ob_dirz); ob_dirx = (ob_dirx)/ob_norm; ob_dirz = (ob_dirz)/ob_norm; can anyone explain in laymen's terms how i work out the angle?

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  • Mouse pointer position to screen space

    - by Ylisar
    If I have a mouse pointer position in pixels of canvas, I can easily convert it to the -1..1 range for both X & Y by lerping by dividing with canvas dimensions. However, the problem is what I should put in Z & W if I want my screen space position to be on the near plane? The step afterwards would be for me to multiply by the inverse of view-projection to take me to world space, where I easily can construct a ray from the cameras world space position.

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  • snapping an angle to the closest cardinal direction

    - by Josh E
    I'm developing a 2D sprite-based game, and I'm finding that I'm having trouble with making the sprites rotate correctly. In a nutshell, I've got spritesheets for each of 5 directions (the other 3 come from just flipping the sprite horizontally), and I need to clamp the velocity/rotation of the sprite to one of those directions. My sprite class has a pre-computed list of radians corresponding to the cardinal directions like this: protected readonly List<float> CardinalDirections = new List<float> { MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.PiOver2, MathHelper.PiOver2 + MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.Pi, -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.PiOver2, -MathHelper.PiOver2 + -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.Pi, }; Here's the positional update code: if (velocity == Vector2.Zero) return; var rot = ((float)Math.Atan2(velocity.Y, velocity.X)); TurretRotation = SnapPositionToGrid(rot); var snappedX = (float)Math.Cos(TurretRotation); var snappedY = (float)Math.Sin(TurretRotation); var rotVector = new Vector2(snappedX, snappedY); velocity *= rotVector; //...snip private float SnapPositionToGrid(float rotationToSnap) { if (rotationToSnap == 0) return 0.0f; var targetRotation = CardinalDirections.First(x => (x - rotationToSnap >= -0.01 && x - rotationToSnap <= 0.01)); return (float)Math.Round(targetRotation, 3); } What am I doing wrong here? I know that the SnapPositionToGrid method is far from what it needs to be - the .First(..) call is on purpose so that it throws on no match, but I have no idea how I would go about accomplishing this, and unfortunately, Google hasn't helped too much either. Am I thinking about this the wrong way, or is the answer staring at me in the face?

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  • Random enemy placement on a 2d grid

    - by Robb
    I want to place my items and enemies randomly (or as randomly as possible). At the moment I use XNA's Random class to generate a number between 800 for X and 600 for Y. It feels like enemies spawn more towards the top of the map than in the middle or bottom. I do not seed the generator, maybe that is something to consider. Are there other techniques described that can improve random enemy placement on a 2d grid?

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