robert ling iii - Page 55

Python Error-Checking Standard Practice

- by chaindriver

Hi, I have a question regarding error checking in Python. Let's say I have a function that takes a file path as an input: def myFunction(filepath): infile = open(filepath) #etc etc... One possible precondition would be that the file should exist. There are a few possible ways to check for this precondition, and I'm just wondering what's the best way to do it. i) Check with an if-statement: if not os.path.exists(filepath): raise IOException('File does not exist: %s' % filepath) This is the way that I would usually do it, though the same IOException would be raised by Python if the file does not exist, even if I don't raise it. ii) Use assert to check for the precondition: assert os.path.exists(filepath), 'File does not exist: %s' % filepath Using asserts seems to be the "standard" way of checking for pre/postconditions, so I am tempted to use these. However, it is possible that these asserts are turned off when the -o flag is used during execution, which means that this check might potentially be turned off and that seems risky. iii) Don't handle the precondition at all This is because if filepath does not exist, there will be an exception generated anyway and the exception message is detailed enough for user to know that the file does not exist I'm just wondering which of the above is the standard practice that I should use for my codes.

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R plotting multiple histograms on single plot to .pdf as a part of R batch script

- by Bryce Thomas

I am writing R scripts which play just a small role in a chain of commands I am executing from a terminal. Basically, I do much of my data manipulation in a Python script and then pipe the output to my R script for plotting. So, from the terminal I execute commands which look something like $python whatever.py | R CMD BATCH do_some_plotting.R. This workflow has been working well for me so far, though I have now reached a point where I want to overlay multiple histograms on the same plot, inspired by this answer to another user's question on Stackoverflow. Inside my R script, my plotting code looks like this: pdf("my_output.pdf") plot(hist(d$original,breaks="FD",prob=TRUE), col=rgb(0,0,1,1/4),xlim=c(0,4000),main="original - This plot is in beta") plot(hist(d$minus_thirty_minutes,breaks="FD",prob=TRUE), col=rgb(1,0,0,1/4),add=T,xlim=c(0,4000),main="minus_thirty_minutes - This plot is in beta") Notably, I am using add=T, which is presumably meant to specify that the second plot should be overlaid on top of the first. When my script has finished, the result I am getting is not two histograms overlaid on top of each other, but rather a 3-page PDF whose 3 individual plots contain the titles: i) Histogram of d$original ii) original - This plot is in beta iii) Histogram of d$minus_thirty_minutes So there's two points here I'm looking to clarify. Firstly, even if the plots weren't overlaid, I would expect just a 2-page PDF, not a 3-page PDF. Can someone explain why I am getting a 3-page PDF? Secondly, is there a correction I can make here somewhere to get just the two histograms plotted, and both of them on the same plot (i.e. 1-page PDF)? The other Stackoverflow question/answer I linked to in the first paragraph did mention that alpha-blending isn't supported on all devices, and so I'm curious whether this has anything to do with it. Either way, it would be good to know if there is a R-based solution to my problem or whether I'm going to have to pipe my data into a different language/plotting engine.

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Script says Undefined

- by user1058887

I have this script that would let the user input a text and it would get translated into something else. It works only when the word has only 1 letter. When there is more than 1 letter it says Undefined. Here is the script : function copyit(theField) { var tempval=eval("document."+theField) tempval.focus() tempval.select() therange=tempval.createTextRange() therange.execCommand("Copy") } function results() { var behavior="form"; var text=document.csrAlpha.csrresult2.value; var ff22=text.toLowerCase(); var Words=new Array ; Words["b"]="Dadada"; Words["bob"]="Robert"; Words["flower"]="Banana"; Words["brad"]="Chair"; var trans=""; var regExp=/[\!@#$%^&*(),=";:\/]/; var stringCheck=regExp.exec(ff22); if(!stringCheck) { if(ff22.length > 0) { for(var i=0;i < ff22.length;i++) { var thisChar=ff22.charAt(i); trans += Words[thisChar] + " "; } } else { trans +="Please write something."; } } else { trans +="You entered invalid characters. Remove them and try again."; } document.csrAlpha.csrresult.value=trans; } Please insert your text below:

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Using array instead of lots of db queries in PHP

- by Tural Teyyuboglu

My function looks like that. It works but does lots of work (recursively calls itself and does lots of db queries.). There must be another way to do same thing but with array (with one query). I can't figure out how to modify this function to get it work with array. Please help. function genMenu($parent, $level, $menu, $utype) { global $db; $stmt=$db->prepare("select id, name FROM navigation WHERE parent = ? AND menu=? AND user_type=?") or die($db->error); $stmt->bind_param("iii", $parent, $menu, $utype) or die($stmt->error); $stmt->execute() or die($stmt->error); $stmt->store_result(); /* bind variables to prepared statement */ $stmt->bind_result($id, $name) or die($stmt->error); if ($level > 0 && $stmt->num_rows > 0) { echo "\n<ul>\n"; } while ($stmt->fetch()) { echo "<li>"; echo '<a href="?page=' . $id . '">' . $name . '</a>'; //display this level's children genMenu($id, $level+1, $menu, $utype); echo "</li>\n\n"; } if ($level > 0 && $stmt->num_rows > 0) { echo "</ul>\n"; } $stmt->close(); }

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Is it an example of decorator pattern?

- by Supereme

Hi, I've an example please tell me whether it is Decorator pattern or not? public abstract class ComputerComponent { String description ="Unknown Type"; public String getDescription() { return description; } public abstract double getCost(); } public abstract class AccessoryDecorator { ComputerComponent comp; public abstract String getDescription(); } public class PIIIConcreteComp extends ComputerComponent { public PIIIConcreteComp() { description=“Pentium III”; } public double getCost() { return 19950.00; } public class floppyConcreteDeco extends AccessoryDecorator { public floppyConcreteDeco(ComputerComponent comp) this.comp=comp; } public String getDescription() { return comp.getDescription() +”, floppy 1.44 mb”; } public double getCost() { return 250+comp.getCost(); } } public class ComponentAssembly { public static void createComponent() { ComputerComponent comp = new PIIConcreteComp(); // create a PIII computer object ComputerComponent deco1= new floppyConcreteDeco(comp); // decorate it with a floppy //ComputerComponent deco2= newCDRomConcreteDeco(deco1); ComputerComponent deco2= new floppyConcreteDeco(deco1); // decorate with a CDRom or with one more floppy System.out.println( deco2.getdescription() +” “+ deco2.getCost(); } } Thank you.

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How to convert a rectangle to TRBL CSS rect value?

- by VLostBoy

I'm not quite sure how to put this, but here goes... The css clip attribute is defined like so: rect(top, right, bottom, left). However, I'm exploring the use of a custom Rectangle 'class' to encapsulate some operations. The rectangle class has the attributes height, width and x, y. The x and y values are encapsulated in a Point object, and the height and width are encapsulated in a Dimension object, the rectangle being a composite of a point (its top-left location) and a dimension (width and height). So far so good. I though it would be pretty simple on the basis of having the rectangles x, y, width and height values to define the css rect attribute in terms of top, right, bottom, left, but I've become hopelessly confused- I've been googling for a while, and I can't seem to find any documentation as to what the TRBL values actually are or what they represent. For example, should I be thinking in terms of co-ordinates, in which case, surely I can describe the rectangle as a css rect using the rectangles x position for Top, x position + width for Right, the rectangles height + y for Bottom and its y position for Left... but thats a load of BS, surely? Also, surely rect is actually an inset, or have I just inverted my understanding of clip? I'd appreciate some advice. What I want to be able to do is (i) Define a rectangle using x, y, width and height (ii)Express the rectangle in TRBL form so that I can manipulate a divs clipping behaviour (iii)Change x, y, width or height and recalculate in terms of TRBL and goto (ii) I appreciate there are some other factors here, and some intermediary transforms to be done, but I've confused myself pretty badly- Can anyone give me some pointers?

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How do I launch a winforms form from a DLL correctly?

- by rodent31337

There's another question similar to mine, but I wanted to gather some specifics: I want to create a DLL that is called from unmanaged code. When the unmanaged functions are called in the DLL, I want to collect information and show it in a kind of form. What I'd like to do is, when DllMain() is called, and the reason is DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, I would like to instantiate a form. This form should be run on a separate thread. When my function FOO() inside my DLL is called, I would like to take the information from FOO(), dispatch it to the form for rendering. So, more specifically: i) What is the proper way to create a DLL project and have the ability to have Windows forms created in the designer be available to the DLL? ii) What is the correct way to give this form its own thread and message processing loop? iii) How do I dispatch information from the unmanaged DLL functions to the form, or, alternatively a managed class that can update its own state and the form? The form inside the DLL is sort of a "monitor" for data passing in and out of the DLL, so I can keep track of errors/bugs, but not change the core functionality of the DLL functions that are available.

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C# Timer -- measuring time slower

- by Fassenkugel

I'm writing a code where: I.) The user adds "events" during run-time. (To a flowlayoutpanel) These events are turning some LEDs on/off, after "x" time has elapsed and the LED-turning functions are written in a Led-function.cs class. i.e: 1) Turn left led on After 3500ms 2) Turn right led on After 4000ms II.) When the user hits start a timer starts. // Create timer. System.Timers.Timer _timer; _timer = new System.Timers.Timer(); _timer.Interval = (1); _timer.Elapsed += (sender, e) => { HandleTimerElapsed(LedObject, device, _timer); }; _timer.Start(); III.) The timer's tick event is raised every millisecond and checks if the user definied time has ellapsed. Im measuring the elapsed time with adding +1 to an integer at every tick event. (NumberOfTicks++;) //Timer Handle private void HandleTimerElapsed(Led_Functions LedObject, string device, System.Timers.Timer _timer) { NumberOfTicks++; if (NumberOfTicks >= Start_time[0]) { LedObject.LeftLED_ONnobutton(device); } } IV.) What I noticed was that when the tick was set to 1. (So the tick event is raised every millisecond) Even if I set 3000ms to the evet the LED actually flashed around 6 seconds. When the tick was set to 100. (So every 0,1s) then the flash was more accurate (3,5sec or so). Any Ideas why im having this delay in time? Or do you have any ideas how could I implement it better? Thank you!

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How can I write a function template for all types with a particular type trait?

- by TC

Consider the following example: struct Scanner { template <typename T> T get(); }; template <> string Scanner::get() { return string("string"); } template <> int Scanner::get() { return 10; } int main() { Scanner scanner; string s = scanner.get<string>(); int i = scanner.get<int>(); } The Scanner class is used to extract tokens from some source. The above code works fine, but fails when I try to get other integral types like a char or an unsigned int. The code to read these types is exactly the same as the code to read an int. I could just duplicate the code for all other integral types I'd like to read, but I'd rather define one function template for all integral types. I've tried the following: struct Scanner { template <typename T> typename enable_if<boost::is_integral<T>, T>::type get(); }; Which works like a charm, but I am unsure how to get Scanner::get<string>() to function again. So, how can I write code so that I can do scanner.get<string>() and scanner.get<any integral type>() and have a single definition to read all integral types? Update: bonus question: What if I want to accept more than one range of classes based on some traits? For example: how should I approach this problem if I want to have three get functions that accept (i) integral types (ii) floating point types (iii) strings, respectively.

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How to make buttons in python/pygame?

- by user1334014

I'm making a game in pygame and on the first screen I want there to be buttons that you can press to (i) start the game, (ii) load a new screen with instructions, and (iii) exit the program. I've found this code online for button making, but I don't really understand it (I'm not that good at object oriented programming). If I could get some explanation as to what it's doing that would be great. Also, when I use it and try to open a file on my computer using the file path, I get the error sh: filepath :Permission denied, which I don't know how to solve. #load_image is used in most pygame programs for loading images def load_image(name, colorkey=None): fullname = os.path.join('data', name) try: image = pygame.image.load(fullname) except pygame.error, message: print 'Cannot load image:', fullname raise SystemExit, message image = image.convert() if colorkey is not None: if colorkey is -1: colorkey = image.get_at((0,0)) image.set_colorkey(colorkey, RLEACCEL) return image, image.get_rect() class Button(pygame.sprite.Sprite): """Class used to create a button, use setCords to set position of topleft corner. Method pressed() returns a boolean and should be called inside the input loop.""" def __init__(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image, self.rect = load_image('button.png', -1) def setCords(self,x,y): self.rect.topleft = x,y def pressed(self,mouse): if mouse[0] > self.rect.topleft[0]: if mouse[1] > self.rect.topleft[1]: if mouse[0] < self.rect.bottomright[0]: if mouse[1] < self.rect.bottomright[1]: return True else: return False else: return False else: return False else: return False def main(): button = Button() #Button class is created button.setCords(200,200) #Button is displayed at 200,200 while 1: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if button.pressed(mouse): #Button's pressed method is called print ('button hit') if __name__ == '__main__': main() Thank you to anyone who can help me.

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binary quicksort

- by davit-datuashvili

hi i want implement Binary quicksort algorithm from robert sedgewick book it looks like this public class quickb{ public static final int bitsword=32; public static void quicksortB(int a[],int l,int r,int d){ int i=l; int j=r-1; if (r<=l || d>bitsword) return ; while (j!=i) { while (digit(a[i],d)==0 && (i<j)) i++; while (digit(a[j],d)==1 && (j>i)) j++; int t=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=t; } if (digit(a[r-1],d)== 0) j++; quicksortB(a,l,j-1,d+1); quicksortB(a,j,r,d+1); } public static void main(String[]args){ int a[]=new int[]{4,7,3,9,8,2}; quicksortB(a,0,a.length-1,0); for (int i=0;i<a.length;i++){ System.out.println(a[i]); } } public static int digit(int m,int d){ return (m>>d)&1; } } but it show me error: java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 6 at quickb.quicksortB(quickb.java:13) at quickb.main(quickb.java:32) what is wrong?

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Which Android hardware devices should I test on? [closed]

- by Tchami

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Can I access type int (*)[] with [][]?

- by Framester

Hi coming from this question "What does (int (*)[])var1 stand for?" I tried to access the result of the cast like a multidimensional array. But I get following error: "assignment from incompatible pointer type" followed by a segmentation fault. I tried also some other variations, but none of them worked. How can I access the elements in var1 in the function example directly? Thank you! #include <stdlib.h> int i(int n,int m,int var1[n][m]) { var1[0][0]=5; return var1[0][0]; } int example() { int *var1 = malloc(100); // works int var2; var2 = i(10,10,(int (*)[])var1); printf("var2=%i",var2); //doesn't work I int *var3; var3=(int (*)[])var1; //"assignment from incompatible pointer type" printf("var3[0][0]=%i",var3[0][0]); //doesn't work II int *var4; var4=var1; printf("var4[0][0]=%i",var4[0][0]); //" error: subscripted value is neither array nor pointer" //doesn't work III int **var5; var5=var1; printf("var5[0][0]=%i",var5[0][0]); // assignment from incompatible pointer type return(1); } int main(){ int a; a=example(); return(1); }

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Looking for home networking hardware and software advice

- by phobos7

Note: I originally wrote this up in a blog post. I've removed any affiliate links that I put in my original post to ensure I don't annoy anybody. I've recently moved home and I now need to go to the trouble of sorting out my home network yet again. We had Virgin broadband in Hertford but you can't get Virgin in the street we've moved to so I've had to go with O2 Broadband. Normally I prefer to use my own hardward, and previously used the DLink DIR-655 router which was great, but in this situation I am using the O2 Wirelss Box III since I only have an old Netgear DG834PN Wireless G modem router and I'd rather be using Wireless N. Anyway, the place we have moved into has only one phone point in the hallway, has the best TV point in one room and the best place to put the TV and other entertainment stuff in yet another room. So, networking the house up for Internet and TV is required. The diagram below shows the things that I'll have in my home network but there are three points where I'm not quite sure what hardware to us. Wireless Access Point/Bridge, that acts only as a wireless to wire bridge and not an AP, that links up a Media Centre/PC and a couple of consoles to the network. I'm pretty much settled on us an Acer Aspire Revo R3600 as my media PC, probably with Ubuntu or Windows and XBMC installed. Wireless Access Point/Bridge, that acts only as a wireless to wire bridge and not an AP, that links up a device that can decode and stream TV from a TV aerial across the network. The device that is connected to 2). At the moment I'm considering a HDHomeRun by SiliconDust. At the moment I'm considering either the TP LINK TL-WA701ND 150Mbps Wireless Lite N Access Point (very cheap at Amazon) or the Netgear 5 GHz Wireless-N HD Access Point/Bridge. I'd love to get some insight into what you would do in my situation. What Wireless Access Point/Bridge should I put at points 1) and 2)? What device should I choose for point 3) that can decode and stream a TV signal? Is the Acer Aspire Revo R3600 a good choice? ![alt text][6] Note 2: I've also posted this question on AVForums.

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Mounting a drive in Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

- by morpheous

I have just installed Ubuntu on a machine that previously had XP installed on it. The machine has 2 HDD (hard disk drives). I opted to install Ubuntu completely over XP. I am new to Linux, and I am still learning how to navigate teh file structure. However, AFAICT), there is only one drive. I want to be able to store programs etc on the first drive, and store data (program output etc) on the second drive. It appears Ubuntu is not aware that I have 2 drives (on XP, these were drives C and D). How can I mount the second drive (ideally, I want to do this automatically on login, so that the drive is available to me whenever I login - withou manual intervention from me) In XP, I could refer to files on a specific drive by prefixing with the drive letter (e.g. c:\foobar.cpp and d:\foobar.dat). I suspect the notation on ubuntu is different. How may I specify specific files on different drives? Last but notbthe least (a bit unrelated to previous questions). This relates to direcory structure again. I am a developer (C++ for desktops and PHP for websites), I want to install the following apps/ libraries. i). Apache 2.2 ii). PHP 5.2.11 iii). MySQL (5.1) iv). SVN v). Netbeans vi). C++ development tools (gcc, gdb, emacs etc) vii). QT toolkit viii). Some miscellaeous scientific software (e.g. www.r-project.org, www.gnu.org/software/octave/) I would be grateful if a someone can recommend a directory layout for these applications. Regarding development, I would also be grateful if someone could point out where to store my project and source files i.e: (i) *.cpp, *.hpp, *.mak files for cpp projects (ii) individual websites On my XP machine the layout for C++ dev was like this: c:\dev\devtools (common libs and headers etc) c:\dev\workarea (root folder for projects) c:\dev\workarea\c++ (c++ projects) c:\dev\workarea\websites (web projects) I would like to create a similar folder structure on the linux machine, but its not clear whether to place these folders under /, /usr, /home or swomewhere else (there seems to be abffling number of choices, so I want to get it "right" first time - i.e having a directory structure that most developer use, so it is easier when communicating with other ubuntu/linux developers)

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SSD Fresh Does Not Start

- by Jim Fell

I recently installed a new 60GB SSD as my primary hard drive and re-installed Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I then installed SSD Fress from Abelssoft to optimize Windows to run on the SSD. It seemed to install okay, but when I try to run the utility, its splash screen appears briefly before it quietly closes. No errors are displayed; the utility just fails to launch. I have run SSD Fresh on another SSD-equipped Windows 7 Pro x64 computer in the past without any problems. Does anyone know what might be preventing the program from running? I tried shutting down the Spybot Resident and disabling the firewall and virus scanner with no luck. I also tried running the tool as administrator; I even tried reinstalling it, running the installer as administrator. No luck. Every time I try to launch the program the Event Viewer logs this same set of errors: Error 4/2/2012 11:35:44 PM Application Error 1000 (100) Error 4/2/2012 11:35:43 PM .NET Runtime 1026 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None Error 4/2/2012 11:35:39 PM SideBySide 59 None For those who are interested, here is my system configuration: ASRock M3A770DE AM3 AMD 770 ATX AMD Motherboard AMD Athlon II X3 455 Rana 3.3GHz Socket AM3 95W Triple-Core Desktop Processor ADX455WFGMBOX G.SKILL Value Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) Desktop Memory Model F3-10600CL9D-8GBNT Mushkin Enhanced Chronos Deluxe MKNSSDCR60GB-DX 2.5" 60GB SATA III Synchronous MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) (Primary/Boot HD) Western Digital Caviar Blue RFHWD1600AAJS 160GB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive (Secondary HD) Sony Optiarc CD/DVD Burner Black SATA Model AD-7261S-0B LightScribe Support RAIDMAX RX-850AE 850W ATX12V v2.3 / EPS12V SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active PFC Power Supply ASUS HD7850-DC2-2GD5 Radeon HD 7850 2GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card Asus ML228H 21.5" Full HD LED BackLight LED Monitor Slim Design (x3)

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AWS EC2 instance not pingable or available in browser

- by Slimmons

I've seen this questions asked other places, but now I've run through every fix proposed in other questions so I'm re asking it here, in hopes that someone will have a different solution. Problem: I have a EC2 instance, and I can ssh into it and work on it, and I have a Elastic ip set to it. I am unable to ping this machine, or log in to it using my browser. Solutions mentioned and tried: service httpd start i. response I get is "unrecognized service" ii. when I run apache2ctl -k start, it shows "httpd already running", so I'm assuming httpd is not the problem, it's just possibly named something else because of apache2, or for whatever reason. I went into EC2-Security Group- Default (which is the one I used.)-inbound, and everything there is set up correctly (I'm assuming). There it shows 80(HTTP) 0.0.0.0/0. 443(HTTPS) 0.0.0.0/0, and various other servies with their ports and 0.0.0.0/0 next to them. I also enabled a rule for enabling ICMP Request All on 0.0.0.0/0 temporarily for testing purposes I've tried disabling the iptables with "service ufw stop" Just in case I'm doing something really stupid, because I'm not all that used to connecting to web servers that I've spun up, I'm typing in the address to the machine into the url like this (assuming my ip address was ip.address). i. http:/(slash)ip.address/ ii. ip.address iii. https:/(slash)ip.address/ iv. ip.address/webFolderName/ v. http:/(slash)ip.address/webFolderName/ None of the attempts worked, and the only thing I haven't tried that i've seen is to start wireshark on the machine, and see if the requests are reaching it, and it's just ignoring them. I'm not sure I want to do that yet, since A). I'm not 100% positive how to use wireshark without the gui, since it's the only way I've ever used it (I really should get used to it in terminal, but I didn't even know you could). B). It really seems like I'm missing something simple in getting this to work. Thanks in advance for any help.

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Crashes and freezes after fixing "BOOTMGR is missing" error

- by Greg-J

I came back from a 3-day weekend to a computer that was off. I leave my PC on 24/7, so this was odd. Turn it on to get the dreaded "BOOTMGR is missing" screen. Two attempts at Windows Recovery and it booted into Windows fine. After an hour or so, I get a frozen Chrome and my start bar disappears. Ctrl+Alt+Del brings up an error box telling me that Ctrl+Alt+Del failed to work properly. Clicking on any open application triggers an error (I can't recall the error now, but it essentially just said that the application couldn't be found running or something along those lines). I restart, and again, the same thing happens after a while of use. I turn it on, install the 47 updates I have or so, and then restart it. After a while of use (under an hour), it just freezes completely. My thoughts are: SSDs, RAM or PS. My system specs below: (RAID0) 2 x Crucial M4 CT128M4SSD2 2.5" 128GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) CORSAIR Vengeance 16GB (4 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800) Desktop Memory Model CML16GX3M4A1600C9 CORSAIR HX Series HX750 750W ATX12V 2.3 / EPS12V 2.91 SLI Ready CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Modular Active 1 x ASUS Maximus IV Gene-Z/GEN3 LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard 1 x Hitachi GST Deskstar 7K1000.C 0F10383 1TB 7200 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive 1 x Intel Core i7-2600K Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 95W Quad-Core Desktop Processor Intel HD Graphics 1 x SAPPHIRE 21197-00-40G Radeon HD 7970 3GB 384-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16 HDCP Ready CrossFireX Support Video Card 1 x Noctua NH-D14 120mm & 140mm SSO CPU Cooler This is all crammed in a pretty small case (NZXT Vulcan) and has been running perfectly problem-free since January. The only thing out of the ordinary is that there is a fan in the case that is now making noise whereas the case has previously been completely silent. I have no reason to believe this is anything more then correlation, but felt it is worth mentioning. I believe it MAY be the SSDs simply because of the BOOTMGR error, but not sure how to test that theory. My belief that it may be the RAM is simply from experience with frozen machines. I haven't had the time to memtest it, but will. The PS being the culprit is something I've picked up by reading similar threads on various forums, and it seems plausible. I am unsure how to test this though. ANY insight whatsover would be greatly appreciated!

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Explanation of the init.d/scripts Fedora

- by Shahmir Javaid

Below is a copy of vsftpd, i need some explanations of some of the scripts mentioned below in this script: #!/bin/bash # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: vsftpd # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Short-Description: Very Secure Ftp Daemon # Description: vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from # scratch ### END INIT INFO # vsftpd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # standalone vsftpd. # # chkconfig: - 60 50 # description: Vsftpd is a ftp daemon, which is the program \ # that answers incoming ftp service requests. # processname: vsftpd # config: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network RETVAL=0 prog="vsftpd" start() { # Start daemons. # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ] ; then CONFS=`ls /etc/vsftpd/*.conf 2>/dev/null` [ -z "$CONFS" ] && exit 6 for i in $CONFS; do site=`basename $i .conf` echo -n $"Starting $prog for $site: " daemon /usr/sbin/vsftpd $i RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog break else if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then RETVAL=0 break fi fi done else RETVAL=1 fi return $RETVAL } stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog return $RETVAL } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart|force-reload) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then stop start RETVAL=$? fi ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL Question I What the hell is the difference between the && and || signs in the below commands, and is it just an easy way to do a simple if check or is it completely different to a if[..something..]; then ..something.. fi: # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 Question II i get what -eq and -gt is (equal to, greater than) but is there a simple website that explains what -x, -d and -f are? Any help would be apreciated Running Fedora 12 on my OS. Script copied from /etc/init.d/vsftpd Question III It says required starts are $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog but i cant see any where it checks for those.

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Web application/ site service (like Google App Engine) for PHP/ MySQL and Postgres

- by Simon

I would like to find a service similar to Google App Engine for PHP/ MySQL/ Postgres sites/ applications. We host two different types of site. i). PHP/ Mysql/ Zend Framework <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/home/websites/website.com/public" ServerName website.com # This should be omitted in the production environment SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development <Directory "/home/websites/website.com/public"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L] RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L] </Directory> </VirtualHost> ii). Matrix CMS - PHP/ Postgres + loads of pear classes <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName server.example.com DocumentRoot /home/websites/mysource_matrix/core/web Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks <Directory /home/websites/mysource_matrix> Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> <DirectoryMatch "^/home/websites/mysource_matrix/(core/(web|lib)|data/public|fudge)"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </DirectoryMatch> <DirectoryMatch "^/home/websites/mysource_matrix/data/public/assets"> php_flag engine off </DirectoryMatch> <FilesMatch "\.inc$"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </FilesMatch> <LocationMatch "/(CVS|\.FFV)/"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </LocationMatch> Alias /__fudge /home/websites/mysource_matrix/fudge Alias /__data /home/websites/mysource_matrix/data/public Alias /__lib /home/websites/mysource_matrix/core/lib Alias / /home/websites/mysource_matrix/core/web/index.php/ </VirtualHost> My key requirements are: I don't want to worry/ know/ care about the server/ infrastructure Secure/ up to date software/ os Good monitoring Automatic scalability SLA I apologise for the length of the question. In short all I want to do is i). create vhost, ii). create db iii). install app/ site iv). relax. Thanks. Edit: I include the Matrix vhost because that is the only complication that I cannot really do via a .htaccess file.

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Real-time offline folder-to-folder backup application needed (Windows)

- by niktech

I recently started using Intel Matrix Storage RAID solution that allowed me to use my 5 1TB drives for two RAID volumes. First one a 1TB RAID 0 striped across all 5 drives and second one a RAID 5 across the rest of the free space on all drives (around 2.85TB usable space). The RAID 0 I use for OS, applications and games while the RAID 5 I use as a more-permanent type storage (photos, etc). Now I do realize that running the OS and applications on RAID 0 across 5 drives is very dangerous, which is what brings up the following question. Is there a reliable freeware realtime backup application that can backup a set of folders from one drive to another drive (no online backups needed)? I've already tried a few (Mozy, Yadis, Comodo Backup, GFI Backup, Idoo, Crash Plan) but none meet my requirements: Low CPU and RAM usage. Realtime Backups - as soon as a file is modified in the source folder, it is added to the backup queue which will be processed with the lowest priority when the CPU is idle. This backup queue should persist in cases of computer restarts (ie: the source and destination folders should always have the same set of files, except for the ones waiting in the backup queue). Incremental Backups - if only 10 bytes changed in a 1GB file, the app should only copy those 10 new bytes. Ability to back up locked and opened files (some apps, like Yadis, can't back up critical files like browser favorites). Ability to run as a service (no need for any user to log-in to have the app started). Optional requirements: Compression of the destination into a well-known format (RAR, Zip) that can be directly read without the use of the application. Preset source folders (such as Browser Favorites, Game Saves, Application Settings, etc). The idea is to use RAID 0 array as "semi-persistent RAM-like" storage which in case of a failure can be quickly rebuilt by reinstalling the OS, apps and games and copying over the settings, saves, favorites from the RAID 5. I'm also thinking of taking this RAID 0 as RAM idea to the extreme with SSDs (as soon as we get some nice 6Gb/s SATA III SSDs out there), where a couple of SSDs chained in RAID 0 will work as yet another semi-persistent cache layer sitting between the RAM and the HD. I'm just hoping there already exists an application that satisfies these requirements... otherwise I'll have to write one myself, which I would prefer not to do.

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bluetooth connection using pybluez

- by srj0408

I am working on bluetooth not exactly on bluetooth stack-development but to use bluetooth in one of my project. I had done all that before using some of the py-bluez commands like hciconfig, hcitool scan , then simple-agents and using serial module inside python. But that was quite random. We were able to connect only one specific device based on its bluetooth address and there was no facility of reconnection once the devices are disconnected. Now i want to try out this stuff in a sequential manner like this (i am doing that all on a RPI and for at present on ubuntu 12.04.) i) Store some names in a file along with some other information with respect to that device. ii) Run a script to find out the device in locality with those names and if any one if found, report that. For this step, i had taken a reference from BTBook , made available from MIT. Below is the script for the same, but that script only search for the single name. from bluetooth import * target_name = "XT1033" target_address = None nearby_devices = discover_devices() for address in nearby_devices: if target_name == lookup_name( address ): target_address = address break if target_address is not None: print "found target bluetooth device with address ", target_address connect_socket(target_address); else: print "could not find target bluetooth device nearby" iii) Connect the device using client sock. But i dont have any device on which i can write a simple python script. My client can be any device that will be publishing data. Now i came through a script in the same book, that actually connect to a client requesting permission to connect to server. from bluetooth import * port = 1 server_sock=BluetoothSocket( RFCOMM ) server_sock.bind(("",port)) server_sock.listen(1) client_sock, client_info = server_sock.accept() print "Accepted connection from ", client_info data = client_sock.recv(1024) print "received [%s]" % data client_sock.close() server_sock.close() here client_sock, client_info = server_sock.accept() provide the client address and port requested to be connected. Can i pass address obtained from the earlier script to this, so that it connect server to the client? iv) Then if client get disconnected, re-connect(a simple polling can be used.) All this stuff can be done using bash and py-bluez functions but i want to do that in a sequential manner.I am not a master in python but i can do some small stuff. Can any one guide me for the same or can direct me to more usefull resource through which i can continue my coding part after finding the "X", "Y" named devices.

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Last week I was presented with a Microsoft MVP award in Virtual Machines – time to thank all who hel

- by Liam Westley

MVP in Virtual Machines Last week, on 1st April, I received an e-mail from Microsoft letting me know that I had been presented with a 2010 Microsoft® MVP Award for outstanding contributions in Virtual Machine technical communities during the past year. It was an honour to be nominated, and is a great reflection on the vibrancy of the UK user group community which made this possible. Virtualisation for developers, not just IT Pros I consider it a special honour as my expertise in virtualisation is as a software developer utilising virtual machines to aid my software development, rather than an IT Pro who manages data centre and network infrastructure. I’ve been on a minor mission over the past few years to enthuse developers in a topic usually seen as only for network admins, but which can make their life a whole lot easier once understood properly. Continuous learning is fun In 1676, the scientist Isaac Newton, in a letter to Robert Hooke used the phrase (http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/268025.html) ‘If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants’ I’m a nuclear physicist by education, so I am more than comfortable that any knowledge I have is based on the work of others. Although far from a science, software development and IT is equally built upon the work of others. It’s one of the reasons I despise software patents. So in that sense this MVP award is a result of all the great minds that have provided virtualisation solutions for me to talk about. I hope that I have always acknowledged those whose work I have used when blogging or giving presentations, and that I have executed my responsibility to share any knowledge gained as widely as possible. Thanks to all those who helped – a big thanks to the UK user group community I reckon this journey started in 2003 when I started attending a user group called the London .Net Users Group (http://www.dnug.org.uk) started by a nice chap called Ian Cooper. The great thing about Ian was that he always encouraged non professional speakers to take the stage at the user group, and my first ever presentation was on 30th September 2003; SQL Server CE 2.0 and the.NET Compact Framework. In 2005 Ian Cooper was on the committee for the first DeveloperDeveloperDeveloper! day, the free community conference held at Microsoft’s UK HQ in Thames Valley park in Reading. He encouraged me to take part and so on 14th May 2005 I presented a talk previously given to the London .Net User Group on Simplifying access to multiple DB providers in .NET. From that point on I definitely had the bug; presenting at DDD2, DDD3, groking at DDD4 and SQLBits I and after a break, DDD7, DDD Scotland and DDD8. What definitely made me keen was the encouragement and infectious enthusiasm of some of the other DDD organisers; Craig Murphy, Barry Dorrans, Phil Winstanley and Colin Mackay. During the first few DDD events I met the Dave McMahon and Richard Costall from NxtGenUG who made it easy to start presenting at their user groups. Along the way I’ve met a load of great user group organisers; Guy Smith-Ferrier of the .Net Developer Network, Jimmy Skowronski of GL.Net and the double act of Ray Booysen and Gavin Osborn behind what was Vista Squad and is now Edge UG. Final thanks to those who suggested virtualisation as a topic ... Final thanks have to go the people who inspired me to create my Virtualisation for Developers talk. Toby Henderson (@holytshirt) ensured I took notice of Sun’s VirtualBox, Peter Ibbotson for being a fine sounding board at the Kew Railway over quite a few Adnam’s Broadside and to Guy Smith-Ferrier for allowing his user group to be the guinea pigs for the talk before it was seen at DDD7. Thanks to all of you I now know much more about virtualisation than I would have thought possible and it continues to be great fun. Conclusion If this was an academy award acceptance speech I would have been cut off after the first few paragraphs, so well done if you made it this far. I’ll be doing my best to do justice to the MVP award and the UK community. I’m fortunate in having a new employer who considers presenting at user groups as a good thing, so don’t expect me to stop any time soon. If you’ve never seen me in action, then you can view the original DDD7 Virtualisation for Developers presentation (filmed by the Microsoft Channel 9 team) as part of the full DDD7 video list here, http://www.craigmurphy.com/blog/?p=1591. Also thanks to Craig Murphy’s fine video work you can also view my latest DDD8 presentation on Commercial Software Development, here, http://vimeo.com/9216563 P.S. If I’ve missed anyone out, do feel free to lambast me in comments, it’s your duty.

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SQL SERVER – PAGELATCH_DT, PAGELATCH_EX, PAGELATCH_KP, PAGELATCH_SH, PAGELATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 12 of 28

- by pinaldave

This is another common wait type. However, I still frequently see people getting confused with PAGEIOLATCH_X and PAGELATCH_X wait types. Actually, there is a big difference between the two. PAGEIOLATCH is related to IO issues, while PAGELATCH is not related to IO issues but is oftentimes linked to a buffer issue. Before we delve deeper in this interesting topic, first let us understand what Latch is. Latches are internal SQL Server locks which can be described as very lightweight and short-term synchronization objects. Latches are not primarily to protect pages being read from disk into memory. It’s a synchronization object for any in-memory access to any portion of a log or data file.[Updated based on comment of Paul Randal] The difference between locks and latches is that locks seal all the involved resources throughout the duration of the transactions (and other processes will have no access to the object), whereas latches locks the resources during the time when the data is changed. This way, a latch is able to maintain the integrity of the data between storage engine and data cache. A latch is a short-living lock that is put on resources on buffer cache and in the physical disk when data is moved in either directions. As soon as the data is moved, the latch is released. Now, let us understand the wait stat type related to latches. From Book On-Line: PAGELATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. PAGELATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. PAGELATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. PAGELATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. PAGELATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is not in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. PAGELATCH_X Explanation: When there is a contention of access of the in-memory pages, this wait type shows up. It is quite possible that some of the pages in the memory are of very high demand. For the SQL Server to access them and put a latch on the pages, it will have to wait. This wait type is usually created at the same time. Additionally, it is commonly visible when the TempDB has higher contention as well. If there are indexes that are heavily used, contention can be created as well, leading to this wait type. Reducing PAGELATCH_X wait: The following counters are useful to understand the status of the PAGELATCH: Average Latch Wait Time (ms): The wait time for latch requests that have to wait. Latch Waits/sec: This is the number of latch requests that could not be granted immediately. Total Latch Wait Time (ms): This is the total latch wait time for latch requests in the last second. If there is TempDB contention, I suggest that you read the blog post of Robert Davis right away. He has written an excellent blog post regarding how to find out TempDB contention. The same blog post explains the terms in the allocation of GAM, SGAM and PFS. If there was a TempDB contention, Paul Randal explains the optimal settings for the TempDB in his misconceptions series. Trace Flag 1118 can be useful but use it very carefully. I totally understand that this blog post is not as clear as my other blog posts. I suggest if this wait stats is on one of your higher wait type. Do leave a comment or send me an email and I will get back to you with my solution for your situation. May the looking at all other wait stats and types together become effective as this wait type can help suggest proper bottleneck in your system. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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CLR via C# 3rd Edition is out

- by Abhijeet Patel

Time for some book news update. CLR via C#, 3rd Edition seems to have been out for a little while now. The book was released in early Feb this year, and needless to say my copy is on it’s way. I can barely wait to dig in and chew on the goodies that one of the best technical authors and software professionals I respect has in store. The 2nd edition of the book was an absolute treat and this edition promises to be no less. Here is a brief description of what’s new and updated from the 2nd edition. Part I – CLR Basics Chapter 1-The CLR’s Execution Model Added about discussion about C#’s /optimize and /debug switches and how they relate to each other. Chapter 2-Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Administering Applications and Types Improved discussion about Win32 manifest information and version resource information. Chapter 3-Shared Assemblies and Strongly Named Assemblies Added discussion of TypeForwardedToAttribute and TypeForwardedFromAttribute. Part II – Designing Types Chapter 4-Type Fundamentals No new topics. Chapter 5-Primitive, Reference, and Value Types Enhanced discussion of checked and unchecked code and added discussion of new BigInteger type. Also added discussion of C# 4.0’s dynamic primitive type. Chapter 6-Type and Member Basics No new topics. Chapter 7-Constants and Fields No new topics. Chapter 8-Methods Added discussion of extension methods and partial methods. Chapter 9-Parameters Added discussion of optional/named parameters and implicitly-typed local variables. Chapter 10-Properties Added discussion of automatically-implemented properties, properties and the Visual Studio debugger, object and collection initializers, anonymous types, the System.Tuple type and the ExpandoObject type. Chapter 11-Events Added discussion of events and thread-safety as well as showing a cool extension method to simplify the raising of an event. Chapter 12-Generics Added discussion of delegate and interface generic type argument variance. Chapter 13-Interfaces No new topics. Part III – Essential Types Chapter 14-Chars, Strings, and Working with Text No new topics. Chapter 15-Enums Added coverage of new Enum and Type methods to access enumerated type instances. Chapter 16-Arrays Added new section on initializing array elements. Chapter 17-Delegates Added discussion of using generic delegates to avoid defining new delegate types. Also added discussion of lambda expressions. Chapter 18-Attributes No new topics. Chapter 19-Nullable Value Types Added discussion on performance. Part IV – CLR Facilities Chapter 20-Exception Handling and State Management This chapter has been completely rewritten. It is now about exception handling and state management. It includes discussions of code contracts and constrained execution regions (CERs). It also includes a new section on trade-offs between writing productive code and reliable code. Chapter 21-Automatic Memory Management Added discussion of C#’s fixed state and how it works to pin objects in the heap. Rewrote the code for weak delegates so you can use them with any class that exposes an event (the class doesn’t have to support weak delegates itself). Added discussion on the new ConditionalWeakTable class, GC Collection modes, Full GC notifications, garbage collection modes and latency modes. I also include a new sample showing how your application can receive notifications whenever Generation 0 or 2 collections occur. Chapter 22-CLR Hosting and AppDomains Added discussion of side-by-side support allowing multiple CLRs to be loaded in a single process. Added section on the performance of using MarshalByRefObject-derived types. Substantially rewrote the section on cross-AppDomain communication. Added section on AppDomain Monitoring and first chance exception notifications. Updated the section on the AppDomainManager class. Chapter 23-Assembly Loading and Reflection Added section on how to deploy a single file with dependent assemblies embedded inside it. Added section comparing reflection invoke vs bind/invoke vs bind/create delegate/invoke vs C#’s dynamic type. Chapter 24-Runtime Serialization This is a whole new chapter that was not in the 2nd Edition. Part V – Threading Chapter 25-Threading Basics Whole new chapter motivating why Windows supports threads, thread overhead, CPU trends, NUMA Architectures, the relationship between CLR threads and Windows threads, the Thread class, reasons to use threads, thread scheduling and priorities, foreground thread vs background threads. Chapter 26-Performing Compute-Bound Asynchronous Operations Whole new chapter explaining the CLR’s thread pool. This chapter covers all the new .NET 4.0 constructs including cooperative cancelation, Tasks, the aralle class, parallel language integrated query, timers, how the thread pool manages its threads, cache lines and false sharing. Chapter 27-Performing I/O-Bound Asynchronous Operations Whole new chapter explaining how Windows performs synchronous and asynchronous I/O operations. Then, I go into the CLR’s Asynchronous Programming Model, my AsyncEnumerator class, the APM and exceptions, Applications and their threading models, implementing a service asynchronously, the APM and Compute-bound operations, APM considerations, I/O request priorities, converting the APM to a Task, the event-based Asynchronous Pattern, programming model soup. Chapter 28-Primitive Thread Synchronization Constructs Whole new chapter discusses class libraries and thread safety, primitive user-mode, kernel-mode constructs, and data alignment. Chapter 29-Hybrid Thread Synchronization Constructs Whole new chapter discussion various hybrid constructs such as ManualResetEventSlim, SemaphoreSlim, CountdownEvent, Barrier, ReaderWriterLock(Slim), OneManyResourceLock, Monitor, 3 ways to solve the double-check locking technique, .NET 4.0’s Lazy and LazyInitializer classes, the condition variable pattern, .NET 4.0’s concurrent collection classes, the ReaderWriterGate and SyncGate classes.

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